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 LAB SESSION # 1
1. Table No.1:
a. Lab Projects
2. Table No.2:
a. Losses In Pipe System
b. Energy Losses in Piping Elements
3. Table No.3:
a. Pipe Friction Apparatus.
b. Bernoulli’s Principal Apparatus
4. Table No.4:
a. Hydraulic Ram Apparatus
b. Orifice Discharge Apparatus
c. Osborne Reynolds Apparatus
d. Impact Of Jet Apparatus
5. Table No.5:
a.
Hydro-static Pressure Apparatus
b.
Flow Visualization Apparatus
c.
Flow over weirs/notches
d.
Floating Bodies/Metacentric Height Apparatus
6. Machine A: Determination of Settling Velocity
7. Machine B: Multiple Pumps Test Bench
8. Table No.6:
a. Pumps in Series & Parallel
b. Centrifugal Pump
9. Table No.7:
a. Axial Flow Impulse Turbine
b. Turbine Base Unit
10. Machine C: Propeller Turbine Unit
11. Table No.8:
a. Computer Controlled Wind
12. Table No.9:
a. Axial Fan Demo
b. Interface Unit
13. Table No.10:
a. Centrifugal Compressor Demo
b. Centrifugal Fan
14. Table No.11:
a. Computer Table
15. Machine 4: Hydraulic Bench
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Apparatus Description:

Pumps in Series & Parallel:

In complex systems, pumps can be connected in series or in parallel. In series
operation the heads are added together and in parallel operation, the flow rates of the
pumps are added. Series and parallel configuration of pumps behave similar to series
and parallel configuration of electric resistances in electric circuits. The pump correlates
with the electric resistance, the flow correlates with the electric current and the head
with the voltage.
With HM 150.16 pumps are studied individually, in series and in parallel configuration.
The experimental unit contains two identical centrifugal pumps and an intake tank with
overflow. The overflow ensures a constant suction head in the tank, regardless of the
water supply. Ball valves in the pipes allow easy switching between series and parallel
operation.
Pressures at inlet and outlet of the two pumps are displayed on manometers.
The experimental unit is positioned easily and securely on the work surface of
the HM 150 base module. The water is supplied and the flow rate measured by HM 150.
Alternatively, the experimental unit can be operated by the laboratory supply.

Figure 1 Series and parallel configuration of pumps.

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Specification:
 investigation of series and parallel configuration of pumps
 two identical centrifugal pumps
 transparent tank as intake tank
 overflow in the tank ensures constant suction head
 ball valves used to switch between series and parallel operation
 manometers at inlet and outlet of each pump
 flow rate determined by base module HM 150
 water supply via HM 150 or via laboratory supply

Figure 2 label diagram Series and parallel configuration of pumps.

1: tank, 2: overflow,
3: water connection, 4: ball valve,
5: pump, 6: pump switch,
7: drain, 8: manometer.

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Centrifugal Pump:
Centrifugal pumps are turbo machines that are used for conveying fluids.
The HM 150.04 unit can be used to study a centrifugal pump and to record a typical
pump characteristic curve.
The experimental unit includes a self-priming centrifugal pump, a ball valve on the outlet
side and manometers on the inlet and outlet side. It is driven by an asynchronous
motor. The speed is infinitely adjustable by using a frequency converter. A ball valve is
used to adjust the head.
In experiments, the operating behavior of the pump as a function of the flow rate is
studied and displayed in characteristic curves. The motor’s speed and electrical power
are displayed digitally. Pressures on the inlet and outlet side are displayed on two
manometers.
The experimental unit is positioned easily and securely on the work surface of
the HM 150 base module. The pump draws in water from the tank on the base
module HM 150. The flow rate is determined volumetrically by flowing back into the
measuring tank on HM 150.

Figure 3 centrifugal pump.

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Specification:
 investigation of a centrifugal pump
 drive with variable speed via frequency converter
 ball valve to adjust the head
 manometers on the inlet and outlet side of the pump
 digital display of speed and power
 flow rate determined by base module HM 150
 water supply using base module HM 150

Figure 4 label diagram of centrifugal pump.

1: display and controls, 2: centrifugal pump,

3: motor, 4: ball valve for adjusting the head,
5: outlet side manometer, 6: inlet side manometer.

Turbine Base Unit:

The base unit HM 290 is required to supply different turbines. Additionally, the base unit
enables basic experiments on a centrifugal pump.
The closed water circuit of HM 290 features a water tank and a centrifugal pump with
variable speed via a frequency converter. The turbine to be investigated
(HM 288, HM 289, HM 291) is placed on the tank cover and is connected to the base
unit via a hose. The flow rate hence the pressure applied to the turbine is adjusted by
pump speed. The head and the pressure upstream of the turbine can be kept constant
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by a pressure control. A damping plate inside the tank ensures a low air entry into the
circulating water. Basic pump experiments can be performed using the throttle valve
included. The throttle valve is placed upon the tank cover instead of the turbine.
The base unit is fitted with sensors for pressure and flow rate. The microprocessor-
based measuring technique is well protected in the housing. The measured values are
transmitted directly to a PC via USB where they can be analyzed using the software
included.
All the advantages of software-supported experiments with operation and evaluation are
offered by the GUNT software and the microprocessor.
Following turbines are available: a reaction turbine (HM 288), a Peloton turbine
(HM 289) and an action turbine (HM 291).

Figure 5 Turbine Base Unit.

Specification:
 supplying the turbines HM 288, HM 289 or HM 291 with water under pressure
 basic experiments on centrifugal pumps
 together with the turbines: investigation of operating behaviour and recording of
turbine characteristics
 includes pump and transparent water tank
 low air entry into circulating water ensured by damping plate inside the tank
 variable pump speed via frequency converter

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  sensors for flow rate and pressure
 due to integrated microprocessor-based instrumentation no additional devices
with error-prone wiring are required
 display and evaluation of the measured values as well as operation of the unit via
software

Figure 6 label diagram of turbine base unit.

1: throttle valve for pump experiments, 2: tank cover,

3: damping plate, 4: water tank,
5: pump with motor, 6: pressure sensor,
7: flow meter, 8: water connection.

Multiple Pumps test bench:

It is designed to perform complete functional tests on a series of 4 industrial water pumps.
A specific device controls a single AC motor and inverter that operates all pumps
individually.
The group is provided with a complete manual, where the unit description,
commissioning, operating modes and some educational experiences are provided with
experimental results.

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 Figure 7 multiple test bench.

Propeller Turbine Unit:

A self-contained, small-scale propeller turbine unit. This fixed blade, axial flow turbine
may be considered as the prototype form of a propeller turbine, itself a forerunner of the
Kaplan turbine.
The FM63 consists of a framework base which houses a large water reservoir and a
circulating pump.
A stainless steel top supports the turbine itself and a dynamometer assembly. The
propeller itself is housed in a clear acrylic pipe to enable maximum visibility of the
workings.
The unit incorporates a paddle wheel type flow meter and a pressure sensor to measure
the inlet condition of the water.
The dynamometer module incorporates a magnetic type brake which applies load to the
turbine.

Figure 8 propeller turbine unit.

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Specification:
Determining the characteristics of the propeller turbine, including the relationships of:
– volume flow rate
– head
– torque produced
– power output
– efficiency to rotational speed
Computer Controlled Wind:
The C15-10 is a computer controlled compact wind tunnel designed for bench top
operation. Air is drawn through the working section by a variable speed fan at the
discharge end of the tunnel providing up to 34m/s air velocity.
A honeycomb flow straightener is incorporated at the inlet, and a 9:4:1 contraction ratio
which ensures an uniform airflow through the working section.
The working section is fabricated from clear acrylic to provide optimum visibility of the
models, and appropriate model connection points are included in the side wall and roof
of the working section to provide ease of use.
The wind tunnel is supplied as standard with an in-depth software interface providing
control of the fan speed and additionally display important parameters such as static
pressure and air velocity.
The Armfield C15-10 can be optionally supplied with two variants of manometer banks,
a 13 tube water manometer used to simultaneously display differential pressure or a
sixteen channel electronic manometer allowing direct integration into the supplied
software.
The wind tunnel can be supplied with a range of optional accessories including drag
bodies, lift bodies, pressure distribution, and boundary layers studies and measuring
instruments.

Figure 9 computer controlled wind.

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Axial Fan Demo:
The Arm field Axial Fan Demonstration Unit is fitted with electronic sensors to measure
the pressure head developed across the fan, the pressure across the orifice plate (and
hence the flow rate), the rotational speed of the fan and the air temperature.
The fan speed is controlled by modulated dc supply complete with current sensing to
enable the power drawn by the fan to be measured.
The Armfield axial fan demonstration unit is mounted on a stainless steel plinth.
Transparent air inlet and air outlet ducts allow the fan construction to be clearly
observed. A manually operated adjustable aperture allows the air flow rate to be varied.
A calibrated orifice plate is used on the discharge to measure the air flow rate.
Electronic sensors measure the pressure head developed across the fan, the pressure
across the orifice plate (and thus the flow rate), the rotational speed of the fan and the
air temperature.
The fan speed is controlled by modulated DC supply complete with current sensing to
allow the power drawn by the fan to be measured.

Figure 10 axil fan demo.

Interface Unit:
The unit provides direct integration between a compatible structures experiment and the
Armfield arm BUS software. Connection to the user’s computer is made through the front
mounted USB socket.
On the clearly defined front panel there are thirteen sockets for connecting strain-gauges,
three sockets for connecting 5.4kg load cells and two sockets for connecting 100kg load
cells.
If required, the number of strain gauge and load cell sockets can be doubled by joining
two consoles via the ‘arm BUS Multi Channel’ (ABMC) connection.

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 Figure 11 interface unit.

Centrifugal Compressor Demo:

A motor driven multi-stage centrifugal compressor mounted on a stainless steel plinth
with transparent air inlet and air outlet ducts. A manually operated adjustable aperture
allows the air flow rate to be varied at constant fan speed. A calibrated orifice plate is
used on the discharge to measure the air flow rate.
Electronic sensors measure the pressure head developed across the blower, the
pressure across the orifice plate (and hence the flow rate) and the air temperature.
The compressor speed is accurately controlled by an advanced electronic inverter
within the IFD7 (an essential accessory). This inverter also calculates the torque
produced at the motor drive shaft allowing the power used by the fan to be derived. The
IFD7 also provides the conditioning electronics for the sensors and allows their readings
to be displayed on the computer software.

Figure 12 centrifugal compressor demo.

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Centrifugal Fan:
The Armfield centrifugal fan is a radial flow machine which produces the necessary
pressure to move gas by the centrifugal force built up inside the fan casing. The design
of the fan blade has a primary influence on performance.
These types of fans are usually employed for ventilating duties requiring a somewhat
higher delivery pressure than that available from axial fans.
A motor driven centrifugal fan mounted on a stainless steel plinth. Transparent air inlet
and air outlet ducts enable the fan volute and the impellor to be clearly observed. A
manually operated adjustable aperture allows the air flow rate to be varied at constant
fan speed. A calibrated orifice plate is used on the discharge to measure the air flow
rate.
Interchangeable backward and forward-curved blade impellers are provided to facilitate
direct comparison between their respective operating characteristics and to
demonstrate to which duties each is best suited.
Electronic sensors measure the pressure head developed across the fan, the pressure
across the orifice plate (and hence the flow rate) and the air temperature.

Figure 13 centrifugal fan.

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