B.

Sc.Sem I
IIMostI
mpor
tant
Quest
ions(
Physi
calChemi
str
y)f
orExami
nat
ion

1.Pr
ovet
her
mody
nami
cal
l
ythef
oll
owi
ngr
elat
ionshi
ps:

2.Whati
smeantby:
a)t
ri
plepoi
ntb)Eut
ect
icpoi
nt
3.Det
ermi
neCl
ausi
sus–Cl
apey
ronequat
ionandment
ioni
tsappl
i
cat
ions.
4.Def
ineent
ropyanddi
scussi
tsphy
sical
signi
fi
cance.
5.Cal
cul
atet
heent
ropychangeoff
oll
owi
ngpr
ocess:

6.Expl
aint
het
ermsphase,
componentanddegr
eeoff
reedom &wr
it
eGi
bb'
sphaser
ule.
7.Dr
awanddi
scussphasedi
agr
am f
orwat
ersy
stem.
8.Wr
it
eexpl
anat
orynot
esonLe-
Chat
eli
er'
spr
inci
pleandi
tsappl
i
cat
ions.
9.Whatar
espont
aneouspr
ocesses?Gi
veexampl
e.
10.Expl
aintheconceptofHel
mholt
zfr
eeener
gy(
Wor
kfunct
ion)andGi
bb’
sfr
eeener
gy.
Deri
vetherel
ati
onbetweenthet
wo.
11.Cal
culatet
heent
ropychangei
nmel
ti
ngof1gm ofi
ceat0°
C,Heatoff
usi
onofi
cei
s80
cal
.pergm.
12.Dr
awanddi scussthephasedi
agr
am f
orEut
ect
icPb-
Agsy
stem andi
tsappl
i
cat
ionsi
n
di
sil
ver
isat
ionoflead.
13.Showt
hati
finanysol
uti
ont
hesol
ventobey
sRaul
t’
slaw,
thesol
uteobeyHenr
ylaw.
14.Pr
ovethatt
hetotalent
ropyoft
hesyst
em andsurr
oundingi
ncr
easesi
nir
rev
ersi
ble
pr
ocessbutremainsconst
anti
nrev
ersi
blepr
ocesses.
15.Dr
awanddiscusst
hephasedi
agr
am f
orCar
bondi
oxi
desy
stem.Howdoesi
tdi
ff
erf
rom
wat
ersy
stem ?
16.Whati
smeantbyEut
ect
icpoi
nt.Expl
ainhowt
heEut
ect
icpoi
ntcanbecal
cul
ated?

①
17.Whatdoy
oumeanbyent
ropychangei
nrev
ersi
bleandi
rr
ever
sibl
epr
ocesses?
18.Di
scusst
her
mody
nami
cal
der
ivat
ionofl
awofmassact
ion.
19.Dr
awanddi
scussphasedi
agr
am ofZn-
Mgsy
stem.
20.Wr
it
eshor
tnot
eonef
fectoft
emper
atur
eonConsul
atet
emper
atur
e.
21.Vaporpressur
eofwaterat95°
Cand100°Care634and760nm r
espect
ivel
y.Cal
cul
ate
themolarheatofv
apori
zati
onbet
weenthesetemper
atur
e.

22.Descr
ibet
heexpr onK=e∆G°/RTf
essi orcal
cul
ati
onofequi
l
ibr
ium const
antKf
rom
st
andardf
reeenergychange∆G°.
23.Descr
ibeindet
ail
theCar
notrev
ersi
blecycl
eforest
ablishi
ngthemaximum conv
ert
ibi
l
ity
ofHeatint
owork.Al
soderi
veanexpressi
onforef
fi
ciencyofheatengi
ne.
24.Der
ivet
hef
oll
owi
ngequat
ion:

25.Discusst
hetermsupperconsulatet
emperatur
eandlowerconsul
atet
emperatur
eas
appli
edtovar
iati
onofmutualsolubi
l
ityofni
coti
neandwaterwit
htemper
ature.
26.Wr
it
eexpl
anat
orynot
esonst
eam di
sti
l
lat
ion.
27.Deri
veanexpr
essi
onf orent
ropychangewhenani
deal
gasi
ssubj
ect
edt
ovar
iat
ionof
temper
atur
eandpressure.
28.Calcul
atethechangeinentr
opyonheati
ngonemol
eofi
deal
gasf
rom 298Kt
o1000K
atconstantpr
essure.AssumethatCu=3/2R.
29.Der
iveGi
bb’
sHel
mhol
tzequat
ion.
30.Discusst
hespont
anei
tyofapr
ocessonbasi
soff
reeener
gychange(
∆G)andent
ropy
change(∆S).
31.Discussthevaporpr
essur
eproper
ti
esofasystem oftwoimmisci
blel
i
quids.Howare
thesefactsut
il
izet
oesti
matethemolecul
arweightofal
iqui
dbysteam di
sti
ll
ati
on?
32.Descr
ibet
hev
ari
ati
onofmut
ual
stabi
l
ityoft
ri
met
hyl
ami
ne-
wat
ersy
stem.
33.Calcul
atet
heent
ropychangeaccompany
ingat
ransf
erof10460Joul
esofheatf
rom a
bodyAat300°CtoabodyBat77° C.
34.Discussthevaporpressurecomposit
ionandboi
l
ingpoi
ntcomposi
ti
oncur
veof
compl et
elymisci
blebinar
ysolut
ions.
35.Wri
teshor
tnoteson:i )Car
notTheor
em &Car
notCy
cle. i
i
)Henr
ylaw. I
ii
)Raul
t'
s
l
awanditsappli
cat
ions.
36.Descr
ibeanexpansi
onofent
ropychangei
nvol
vedi
nisot
her
mal
expansi
onofi
deal
gas.

②
37.Wor
kingbetweenSourceandSi
nk,t
heef
fi
ciencyofCar
notengi
nei
s0.
5.Cal
cul
atet
he
t
emperat
ureofsourceift
emper
atur
eofsi
nkis25°C.
38.Descr
ibei
nbr
ieft
her
mody
nami
cscal
eoft
emper
atur
e.
39.Di
scusst
hel
awofchemi
cal
equi
l
ibr
ium.
40.Der
iveexpr
essi
onf
oref
fi
ciencyofHeatengi
ne.
41.Di
scusssecondl
awoft
her
mody
nami
cs.
42.Wr
it
eshor
tnot
eonZer
oth'
slawoft
her
mody
nami
cs.
43.Wr
it
enot
eonNer
nstdi
str
ibut
ionl
awandder
ivei
tst
her
mody
nami
cder
ivat
ion.

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