Differentiation and Integration 1

Lecture 2 Part B

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 Types of functions
1. Constant function
It is a function f: R  R where f(x) = c  x  R
and represents a straight line parallel X-axis and cut Y-axis at c.
D(f) = R and R(F) = {c}.

2. Linear function (First degree)

It is a function f: R  R where f(x) = ax + b  x  R
and a  0. It represents a straight line cut the X-axis and
cut Y- axis. D(f) = R and R(F) = R.

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 3. Quadratic function
It is a function f: R  R where f(x) = ax2 + bx + c  x  R
and a  0. It represents a parabola with D(f) = R.

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 4. Trigonometric functions
4.1 y = f(x) = sin x
D(f) = R
R(f) = [-1, 1]
sin(-x) = - sin x
4.2 y = f(x) = cos x
D(f) = R
R(f) = [-1, 1]
cos(-x) = cos x

4.3 y = f(x) = tan x

D(f) = R-{(n+(1/2)): n  Z}
R(f) = R
tan (-x) = - tan x
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 4. Trigonometric functions

4.4 y = f(x) = cosec x

= 1 / sin x
cosec (-x) = - cosec x

4.5 y = f(x) = sec x

= 1 / cos x
sec(-x) = sec x

4.6 y = f(x) = cot x

= 1 / tan x
cot (-x) = - cot x

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 Some properties of trigonometric functions
1) sin2x + cos2x = 1
2) sin 2x = 2 sin x cos x
3) cos 2x = cos2 x – sin2 x
4) = 2cos2 x – 1
5) = 1 – 2sin2 x
6) sin (x ± y) = sin x cos y ± cos x sin y
7) cos (x ± y) = cos x cos y sin x sin y

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 5. The exponential function
y = f(x) = ax where a  R+ - {1}
D(f) = R and R(f) = (0, ∞).

6. Logarithmic function

y = f(x) = loga x
where a  R+ - {1}
D(f) = (0, ∞) and R(f) = R.

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 7. Absolute value function
y =

D(f) =  and R(F) = [0, ).

x = -x

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 Even function Odd function
The domain is symmetric The domain is symmetric
and f(- x) = f(x) and f(-x) = - f(x)
the graph of an even the graph of an odd
function is symmetric with function is symmetric with
respect to the y-axis respect to the origin
Even function Odd function Neither even nor odd function
f(x) = cos x f(x) = sin x f(x) = ax
f(x) = sec x f(x) = tan x f(x) = Loga x
f(x) = x f(x) = cosec x

f(x) = x2 , x4 , x6 , … f(x) = x , x3 , x5 , … f(x) = x2 + x3

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Example 1 is f(x) = x3− x + 1 Even or Odd or neither?
Let's see what happens when we substitute −x:
f(−x) = (−x)3 − (-x) + 1) = − (x3 − x - 1) ≠ ± f(x) .
So f(−x) ≠ ± f(x) , which makes it is not an odd function, and it
is not an even function either
Example 2 is f(x) = x/(x2−1) Even or Odd or neither?
Let's see what happens when we substitute −x:
f(−x) = (−x)/((−x)2−1) = − x/(x2 − 1) = − f(x) .
So f(−x) = −f(x) , which makes it an Odd Function

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Example 3 is f(x) = x2 + 1 Even or Odd or neither?
Let's see what happens when we substitute −x:
f(−x) = (−x)2 + 1) = − x2 + 1 = f(x) .
So f(−x) = f(x) , which makes it an even Function

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 Odd & even functions

2 3 6 1 4 5
6 ‫شكل‬ 5 ‫شكل‬ 4 ‫شكل‬ 3 ‫شكل‬ 2 ‫شكل‬ 1 ‫شكل‬
N(x) = (1/2)x M(x) = cos x H(x) = 5x K(x) = x G(x) = x3 F(x) = sin x

Odd function Even function

12 ‫شكل‬ 11 ‫شكل‬ 10 ‫شكل‬ 9 ‫شكل‬ 8 ‫شكل‬ 7 ‫شكل‬

N(x) = log x M(x) = 2cos x H(x) = 5x K(x) = - x G(x) = x2 F(x) = sin 3x
10 9 8 1 11 12
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 Name No. Date

6 5 4 3 2 1
N(x) = (1/2)x M(x) = cos x H(x) = 5x K(x) = x G(x) = x3 F(x) = sin x
True No.
Even
Odd

12 11 10 9 8 7
N(x) = log x M(x) = 2cos x H(x) = 5x K(x) = - x G(x) = x2 F(x) = sin 3x
True No.
Even
Odd
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 ‫‪Name‬‬ ‫‪No.‬‬ ‫‪Date‬‬

‫حدد الشكل الصحيح المناظر لكل داله‬

‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫‪N(x) = (1/2)x‬‬ ‫‪M(x) = cos x‬‬ ‫‪H(x) = 5x‬‬ ‫‪K(x) = x‬‬ ‫‪F(x) = sin x‬‬

‫‪True No.‬‬

‫حدد نوع كل داله من حيث كونها زوجية ام فردية ام خالف ذلك‬

‫‪Even‬‬
‫‪Odd‬‬

‫‪14‬‬
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