SUBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS

(ii)Solubility of gas (C) = 0.08 glitre

Short Answer Type P, =760 mm
Questions-I (2marks each) P, =1520 mm
0. 1.Calculate the molarity of NaOH solution Solubility of gas(C,) at pressure P, =?
obtained by dissolving 2g of NaOH in 50 mL of its By Henry's law,
solution. Ap
Ans. 50 mL of NaOH solution contains = 2g of NaOH
C P,
. 1000mL of NaOH solution will contain C,xP, 0.08 x 1520
2 C, 760
=0.16 g/litre
x 1000 P
50
:: Solubility of nitrogen in 4 litres of water
= 40 g of NaOH [1] = 0.16 x 4 =0.64g [1]
Molecular mass of NaOH = 23 + 16 + 1 = 40
Mass
Number of moles of NaOH = Commonly Made Error
molecular mass
40 Some students get confused in using correct
=1 mol formula for calculation of solubility of gas.
40
Molarity of the solution = 1M [1]
0. 2. State two points of difference between Molarity
and Molality. Answering Tip 9 6alg tl
Ans. (i) Molarity is number of moles of solute dissolved
per litre of solvent, while Molality is number of Students must understand Henry's law.
moles of solute present in 1kg of solvent. [(1]
(ii) Molarity increases with increase in Q.2. 8.0575 x 10 kg of Glaubers's salt is dissolved
temperature in water to obtain 1 dm' of a solution of density
while Molality is not affected by increase or
decrease in the temperature. [1] 1077.2 kg m,Calculate the molarity, molality
Q.3. State Henry's law. Calculate the solubility of CO, and mole fraction of Na,SO, in the solution. Ap
in water at 298K under 760 mm Hg. Ans. Mass of Glauber's salt = 8.0575 x 10 kg
(Ky for CO, in water at 298 Kis 1.25 X 10 mm Hg)
OAO R+0[CBSE Outside Delhi Set-1, 2020] = 8.0575 x 10- x 10 g
Q.4. State Henry's law and write its two applications. = 80.575g
AOR [CBSE Delhi Set-3 2019] Molecular mass of Glauber's salt (Na,SO4.10 H,0)
Q. 5. Calculate the mass percentage of benzene (CeH) =322
and carbon tetrachloride (CCl) if 22 g of benzene Number of moles of Glauber's salt
is
dissolved in 122 g of carbon tetrachloride.
(NCERT exercise) 80.575
Ans. Mass of solution = Mass of CH, + Mass of CCI, 322
-=0.25
= 22 g+122 g = 144g Mass of solution per dm = 1077.2 kgm
22
Mass oof benzene = -x100 =15.28 %
144 = 1077.2x103 8m3
= 1077.2 x 10 × 10 g dm3
122
Mass %of CCI, = x100 = 84.72 % = 1077.2 g
144
Mass of water = 1077.2- 80.575 = 996.625 g
0.25
Short Answer Type Molarity= 1dm 0.25
Questions-II (3 marks each)
0.25 x 1000
Q.1. (i) What is the relationship between Molarity Molality = =0.2508
996.625
and Normality? R
(iü) One litre of water at N.T.P.dissolves 0.08 g of Mole fraction = Molarity
nitrogen. Calculate the amount of nitrogen mass of water
that can be dissolved in four litres of water Molarity+ molecular mass of water
at 0°C and at a pressure of 1520 mm. Ap 0.25
Ans. (i) Molarity (M) x Molecular mass of solute =4.49 x103
0.25 +
996.625
= Normality (N) x Equivalent mass of solute [1] 18 [3]
These questions are for practice and their solutions are available at the end of the chapter
 6 Oswaal CBSE Question Bank Chapterwise & Topicwise, CHEMISTRY, Class-XII

Q.3. Calculate the concentration of a solution that Q.6. Calculate the molality of ethanol
is obtained by mixing 300 gof 25% solution which the mole fraction of water is (0 6
NH,NO, with 150g of 40% solution of NH,NO,. Ans. Mole fraction of water, XH,0 = 0.88
Ap
Mole fraction of ethanol,
Ans. Total mass of solution = 300 + 150= 450 g
Amount of solute present in 300 g of 25% solution NcpHsOH = 1-0.88
= 0.12
25
= 300 x =75 g
100 [1]
Similarly, XczHsOH = n +n,
Amount of solute present in 150 g of 40% solution
40 ny = number of moles of ethanol.
= 150x = 60g [1]
100 n, = number of moles of water.
Total mnass of solute = 75 + 60 = 135 g Molality of ethanol means the number of m
Concentration of solution (in %) of ethanol present in 1000 g of water.
mass of solute n 1000
mass of solution in g_100
n = 55.5 moles
g 18
135
450
x100 Substituting the value of n, in equation (1)
=30% = 0.12
Q.4. (a) Define mole fraction. 55.5 +n,
(b) Explain the following phenomena with the n, =7.57 moles
help of Henry's law: Molality of ethanol (C,H,OH) = 7.57 m
(i)) Painful condition known as bends.
(iü)Feeling of weakness and discomfort in Alternatively,
breathing at high altitude. Mole fraction of water 0.88
Ans. R Mole fraction of ethanol=1-0.88 = 0.12 PA
(a) It may be defined as the ratio of number of
moles of one component to the total number Therefore 0.12 mnoles of ethanol are present n
of moles of all the components 0.88 moles of water.
(solvent and
solute) present in the solution. [1] Mass of water = 0.88 x 18 =15.84 g of water. !
(b) (i) When the diver comes towards the
the pressure decreases and the N surface, Molality= number of moles of solute (ethano)
comes
out of the body quickly forming bubbles present in 1000 g of solvernt (water)
in the blood stream. These bubbles restrict = 0.12 X 1000/ 15.84
blood flow, affect the transmission of nerve
=7.57 m
impulses. The bubbles can even burst the
capillaries or block them and starve the Molality of ethanol (C,H,OH) =7.57 m
tissues for O,. This condition is called the [CBSE Marking Scheme 2018]
bends, which is painful and life-threatening.
[1]
(ii) At high altitudes, the partial pressure of O, Long Answer Type
is less than that at theground level. This Questions (5 marks each)
results in low concentration of oxygen in Q. 1. 4.0 g of NaOH are contained in one decilitre of
the blood and tissues of the people living solution. Calculate the following:
at high altitudes or climbers. The low blood (i)Molality fraction of NaOH
oxygen causes climbers to become weak and (ii) Molarity of NaOH
unable to think clearly known as anoxia. [1] (iii)Molality of NaOH
Q. 5. Define the following modes of expressing the Density of solution = 1.038 g/cm3
concentration of a solution. Which of these modes Ans. (i) Density of solution = 1.038 g/cm3
are independent of temperature and why? Mass of 100 cm of solution = 1,038 x 100
= 103.8 g
(i) w/w (mass percentage) Mass of NaOH in 100 cnm' solution
(ii) w/V (volume percentage) Mass of water= 103.8- 4.0 = 99.8
(1]
(iii) M (molarity) 4.0
(iv) w/V (mass by volume percentage) Number of moles of NaOH (n4) = 40

(v) m (molality) = 0.1 mol

(vi) Ppm (parts per million) (NCERT Exemplar\R
This qustion is for pratice and its slutwn is avuilatble at the end of the chayte
 SOLUTIONS

99.8
Molality of NaOH solution
Number of moles of water (n)
18 Mass of NaOH per 100g of water
- 5.54 mol Molecular mass of NaOH
n
.. Mole fraction of NaOH XA = 40.08
n,t np
40
0.1 = 1.002 mol kg (1]
0.1 + 5.54
= 0.018 [1]
(ii) Molarity of NaOH solution Q. 2. (i) Calculate the mass percentage of aspirin
Mass of NaOH per litre of solution 40 (CoH,0,) in acetonitrile (CHCN) when 6.5 g
IM
Molecular mass of NaOH 40 of CoH,O, is dissolved in 450 g of CH,CN.
available concentrated
(iii) Mass of NaOH in 99.8 g of water =4.0g (i)Commercially
.. Mass of NaOH in 1000gof water hydro-chloric acid contains 38% HT by
4.0 mass and has density 1.19 g cm.What is the
x 1000
99.8 molarity of this solution?
= 40.08g [1]

Raoult's Law, Ideal and Non-Ideal Solutions

Topic-2 Concepts Covered oRaoult's law, Ideal solutions, Non - Ideal Soutions, Azeotropes
Maximum boiling and Minimum Boiling

Revision Notes
Vapour pressure is the pressure exerted by vapours The composition of the vapour phase in equilibrium
with the solution can be determined from the
over a liquid at equilibrium state at constant
temperature. partial pressure of the two components. If Xa and
XR are the mole fractions of components A and B
Vapour pressure depends on the following factors:
(i) Nature of the liquid: Liquids having respectively in the vapour phase, then
intermolecular forces are volatile and possess PA = KAPtotal
and PB = ZBPrtal
higher vapour pressure.
(iü)Temperature: Vapour pressure of a liquid In general p, = X; ptotal
increases with increase in temperature. Raoult's law as a special case of Henry's law:
Raoulte's law for a solution of volatile liquids: According to Raoule's law, the vapour pressure of
It states that for asolution of volatile liquids, the
volatile component (A) in a given solution is given as:
partial vapour pressure of each component of the PA = P XA
solution is directly proportional to its mole fraction According to Henry's law, in the solution of a gas
in solution. in a liquid, the gaseous component is normally so
Suppose a solution is prepared by mixing two volatile that it exists as a gas and solubility depends
volatile liquids A and B. Let %A and X respectively upon Henry's law to which:
be their mole fractions, and let pA and pg be their PA = KHA
partial vapour pressures respectively in the solution On comparing both expressions PÅ is equal to Kñ:
at a particular temperature.
Raoult's law for non-volatile solute: For a solution
Ifpa and på are their vapour pressures in the pure containing non-volatile solute present in a volatile
Raoult's law:
state respectively, then according to solvent, Raoult's law may be stated as the relative
PA = PÁ XA lowering of vapour pressure for a solution is equal
to the mole fraction of solute.
PB = PB XB
Considering Dalton's law of partial pressure,
pÅ-PA
Potal PA PB X¡ = Mole fraction of solute,
Substituting values of pA and PB where,
På -PA =Lowering of vapour pressure.
Protal AP + XB P% obeys Raoult's
Ideal solution: A solution which
at specific
= (1- XB) PÃ t XB PB law over awide range of concentration
temperature is called ideal solution.
= pÅ + (PB - P XB
end of the chapter
its solution is available at the
This question is for practice and
 SOLUTIONS

SUBJECTIVE TYPE OUESTIONS

0.5.Give reasons:
Short Answer Type observed on
(a) An increase in temperature is
Questions-I (2marks each) mixing chloroforn and acetone.
comfortable in cold
0.1. State Raoult's law for a solution containing (b) Aquatic animals are more
water than in warm water. [2|
volatile components. Write two characteristics
of the solution which obey Raoult's law at all AOA [CBSE, Outside Delhi Set 3, 20191
concentrations. R|CBSE, Delhi Set-1, 2019] interaction between
Ans. (a) Due to stronger
Ans. For a solution of volatile liquids, the partial vapour chloroform and acetone than pure chloroform
pressure of each component of the solution is di or acetone interactions.
rictly proportional to its mole fraction present in (b)Because of high solubility of oxygen gas low
solution. [1] warm water.
KH value in cold water than in
() Api H = 0() 4,mi V=0 (iii) The components
have nearty same intermolecular force of attraction (CBSE Marking Scheme 2019]
(any two) [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2019] 0. 6. Define the following terms:
0.2. State Raoult's law for a solution containing (i) Ideal solution (ii) Molarity (M) (2]
volatile components. What is the similarity AR(CBSE, Delhi Set 2, 2017]
between Raoule's law and Henry's law?
RCBSE, DelhiSet 1 &2, 2020] Ans. (i) The solution that obeys Raoult's Law over the
0.3. Write two differences between ideal solutions and entire range of concentration.
non-ideal solutions. RICBSE, Delhi Set 2, 2019] (ii) Number of moles of solute dissolved per litre
x1000
Ans. of solution or M = (1]
M, x V(mL)
Ideal solution Non-ideal solution
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2017]
Obeys Raoult's law at all Does not obey
range of concentrations. Short Answer Type
Amix H=0, Amix V = 0 Amiy H*0, Amir V# 0 Ouestions-II (3 marks each)
(or any other difference)
Q. 1. (a) Define vapour pressure of the liquid.
[1 + 1] [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2019]) (b) (i)Gas (A) is more soluble in water than Gas (B)
at the same temperature. Which one of the
Q.4. Give reasons:
(a) A decrease in temperature is observed on two gases will have the higher value of KH
mixing ethanol and acetone. (Henry's constant) and why ?
(b) Potassium chloride solution freezes at a lower (ii) In non-ideal solution, what type of
temperature than water. [2 deviation shows the formation of maximum
ADAp [CBSE, Outside Delhi, 2019] boiling azeotropes ? R+ Ap
Ans. (a) Ethanol-acetone interaction is weaker than Ans. (a) The pressure exerted by the vapours above the
pure ethanol or acetone interactions. liquid surface in equilibrium with the liquid at a
(b) On adding KCl, vapour pressure of the solution given temperature is called vapour pressure of
decreases [1+1] the liquid. [1
[CBSE Marking Scheme 2019] (b) (i) Gas B will have the higher value of KH
Detailed Answer: (Henry's constant) as lower is the solubility
(a) When ethanol is mixed with acetone, it shows of the gas in the liquid higher is the value of
positive deviation from Raoult's law and acetone KH [1
molecules get in between the host molecules and (ii) In non-ideal solution, negative deviation
break some hydrogen bonds, which requires shows the formation of maximum boiling
higher energy than energy released in the azeotropes.
formation of new hydrogen bonds. This results Q. 2.
(i) State the factors affecting the vapour pressure
fall in temperature. of a liquid.
non-volatile
(b) According to Raoult's law, when a (ii) Suggest the most important type the
of
solid is added to the solvent, its vapour pressure intermolecular attractive interaction in
decreases resulting in decrease in freezing point.
than following pairs:
Also, the freezing point of water is higher [2]
when water contains KCI.
solution is available at the end of the chapter
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methanol
Vapour pressure of pure
pressures of ethanol and methanol
Q.2. The vapour mm Hg
respectively. An ps,oH = 88.7 mm
88.7 ethanol
are 44.5 mm Hg and temperature
formed at the same methanol.
Vapour pressure due to
ideal solution is 40 g of =pH.oH x0.51
of ethanol with of the solution
Pc,H,oH
by mixing 60 g vapour pressure = 44.5 mm × 0.51 = 22.69
mm
Calculate the total the vapour Ap
mole fraction of methanol in Vapour pressure due to
methanol,
and the
ethanol = 60g PCH,oH PHOH X0.49
Ans. Mass of of ethanol (C,H,OH)
= 88.7 mm 0.49 = 43.46 mm
mass
Molecular
5)+ 16 +1= 46
=(12 x 2)+ (1x Total Vapour pressure
= b0 = 1.304
moles ofethanol =Pc,n,oH t P,oH
. .Number of
46
methanol = 40 g = 22.69 + 43.46 = 66.15 mm
Given mass of of methanol (CH,OH)
Molecular
mass Mole fraction of methanolin the vapour state
=32
x3) + 16 + 1
= (12 x 1l) + (1 40 PH,oH 43.46
= = 1.250 [½] [1]
of moles of methanol 32 Total vapour pressure 66.15
.. Number
1.304 = 0.657
ethanol 1.304 + 1.250
= 0.51 [A]
fraction of
Mole Q.3. What is meant by positive and negative deviations
methanol = 1-0.51 = 0,49 from Raoult's law and how is the sign of AmiH
Mole fraction of
pure ethanol related to positive and negative deviations from
Vapour pressure of
pcHon =44.5 mm Raoule's law?
for practice and its solution s qvailable at theeend of the chapter
O This question ts