Chapter 1

Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry

1. Answer (3) Replacing 1 H by 2 H would replace 7.5 kg with
15 kg
W1 0.01
m= 0.000555 ? Net gain = 7.5 kg
M1 u W2 (in kg) 60 u 0.3
7. Answer (4)
= 5.55 × 10–4 m Element Relative Relative Simplest whole
mass mole number ratio
2. Answer (3)
6
3. Answer (1) C 6 = 0.5 1
12
The molarity of a solution obtained by mixing 1
H 1 =1 2
1
750 mL of 0.5 M HCl with 250 mL of 2 M HCl is given
by So, X = 1, Y = 2

750 u 0.5  250 u 2 Equation for combustion of CXHY

Molarity 0.875 M
1000 § Y· Y
C XHY  ¨ X  ¸ O2 o XCO2  H2 O
© 4¹ 2
4. Answer (1)
C3H8(g) + 5O2(g) o 3CO2(g) + 4H2O(l) § Y·
Oxygen atoms required = 2 ¨ X  ¸
© 4¹
So, volume of O2 required for the combustion of
As per information,
1 mL hydrocarbon = 5 mL.
§ Y·
So, volume of O 2 requierd for the combustion 2¨ X  ¸ 2Z
© 4¹
of 15 mL of hydrocarbon = 75 mL (i.e., 20% of
375 mL air) § 2·
Ÿ ¨1  ¸ Z
NOTE : But for this, the total volume of gases after © 4¹
combustion should be 345 mL, rather than 330 mL.
Ÿ Z = 1.5
5. Answer (4) Molecule can be written
M2CO3 + 2HCl o 2MCl + H2O + CO2 CXHYOZ
nM2CO3 nCO2 C1H2O3/2
Ÿ C2H4O3
1
0.01186 8. Answer (2)
MM2CO3

92
1 92 g of Na+ = 4moles
MM2CO3 = 23
0.01186

= 84.3 g/mol number of moles

Molality =
mass of solvent (inkg)
6. Answer (1)

10 4
Mass of hydrogen = u 75 = 7.5 kg = 4mol kg–1
100 1
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9. Answer (4) 14. Answer (2)

2C57H110O6 (s)  163O2(g) o 114CO2(g)  110H2O(I) 20% w/w KI solution
i.e. 100 g solution contains 20 g KI
445
n = 0.5 ? Mass of solvent = 100 – 20 = 80 g
890
20 u 1000
110 ? Molality =  1.51 molar
? Moles of water u 0.5 27.5 166 u 80
2
15. Answer (2)
? Mass of water = 27.5 × 18
(1) 2 Mg + O2 o 2 MgO
= 495 g
32
10. Answer (4) 1 g requires g = 0.66 g of O2
48
Mole of sugar (2) 4Fe + 3O2 o 2Fe2O3
Molarity =
Volume of solution (in L)
1 g Fe requires = 0.43 g of oxygen

Mole of sugar (3) C3H8 + 5O2 o 3CO2 + 4H2O

Ÿ 0.1 =
2L 1 g of C3H8 requires = 3.6 g of O2
(4) P4 + 5O2 o P4O10
Mole of sugar = 0.2 mol
1 g of P requires = 1.3 g of oxygen
Mass of sugar = Mole × Molar mass of sugar
16. Answer (3)
= 0.2 × 342 = 68.4 g
Let, total 1 moles be present.
11. Answer (3)
nsolute = 0.2
1 nsolvent = 0.8 Ÿ gsolvent = 0.8 × 18
n2 5
Mole faction 0.167
n2  n1 1 0.2 u 1000
1 ? m=
5 0.8 u 18

1000
8 18 = | 13.88
n2 n1 4 u 18
40 18
17. Answer (3)
8 1000 5 mol AB2 weighs 125 g
Molality = u 11.11m
40 18
? AB2 = 25 g/mol
12. Answer (3)
10 mol A2B2 weighs 300 g
In CH4 ? A2B2 = 30 g/mol
one atom of carbon among 5 atoms (1C + 4H atoms) ? Molar mass of A = 5

1 Molar mass of B = 10
? Mole % of C = u 100 = 20%
5 18. Answer (2)
13. Answer (3)
§ y· y
CxHy  ¨ x  ¸ O2 o xCO2  H2O
28 g N2 react with 6 g H2 © 4¹ 2
(excess)
N2  3H2 o 2NH3 25 g 88 gm 9g
1 mole 3 moles 1
28 g 6g 2 moles moles
2
For 56 g of N2, 12 g of H2 is required. Ÿx=2 Ÿy=1
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? x=2 and y = 1 21. Answer (3)

Hydrocarbon : (C2H)n 35 u 3  37 u 1
Average molar mass = 35.5
2 mol carbon contains 24 g 4

1 mol hydrogen contains 1 g Ÿ 35Cl : 37Cl = 3 : 1

19. Answer (4) 22. Answer (4.97)

“When gases combine or reproduced in a chemical 10

Mass of iron needed in 100 kg wheat = u 10 5
reaction, they do so in a simple ratio by volume 10 6
provided all gases are at the same T & P”
= 1.0 gm
This is not a postulate of Dalton’s theory
Molecular mass of FeSO4.7H2O is 277.85
20. Answer (2) 55.85 gm iron is present in 277.85 gm of salt
To express C2 in terms of mole fraction x2
277.85
1 gm iron is present in 4.97 gm.
55.85
1st component 2 nd component
23. Answer (2130.00)
mole n1 n2
m.w M1 M2 NaClO 3 (s)  Fe(s) o NaCl(s)  FeO(s)  O 2 (g)
mass n 1M1 n 2M 2
moles of NaClO3 = moles of O2

mass of solution = n1M1 + n2M2 PV 1u 492

moles of O 2 20 mol
RT 0.082 u 300
n2
mole fraction x 2 n1  n 2 mass of NaClO3 = 20 × 106.5 = 2130 g = 2130.00
24. Answer (14.00)
n 2 (1  x 2 ) 63% W/W HNO3 solution having density 1.4 g/mL
n1 i.e. 100 g solution has 63 g HNO3
x2
100
Mass of solution = n1M1 + n2M2 Volume of 100 g solution = mL
1.4
63 u 1.4 u 1000
n 2M1(1– x 2 ) ? Molarity = 14 mol / L
 n 2M 2 63 u 100
x2
25. Answer (5)

n2 Let the masses of C, H and O in organic compound

[M 2 x 2  x 2M1  M 1] X be x, y and z respectively
x2
Mass Moles
Volume of solution C x 4 12 1
H y 1 3 3
n 2 [M 2 x 2  x 2M1  M1]
Litre
1000dx 2 16
O z 16 1
3

1000n 2 dx 2 ? Empirical formula : CH3O

C2
n 2 [M 2 x 2  x 2M1  M 1] Molecular formula : C2H6O2

2C 2 H 6 O 2  5O 2 o 4CO 2  6H 2O
1000 dx 2 (X)
C2
M 1  x 2 (M 2  M 1 ) ? Number of moles of O 2 required to oxidise
2 moles of (X) = 5.

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26. Answer (47) 31. Answer (8)

Mole fraction of glucose in aqueous solution = 0.1 § y· y
C x Hy (g)  ¨ x  ¸ O 2 (g) o xCO 2 (g)  H2 O(l)
Mass percentage of water in it © 4¹ 2

ª 0.9 u 18 º y
« 0.9 u 18  0.1u 180 » u 100 x 6
¬ ¼ 4

= 47.37  47 x=4
y= 8
27. Answer (25.00)
32. Answer (2)
Mass of 6.023 × 1022 molecules of a substance =
10 g y
C x H y O z  O 2 o xCO 2  H2 O
Mass of 6.023 × 1023 molecules of the substance = 2
100 g 2.64 g of CO2 contains 0.72 g C.
Molar mass of the substance = 100 g mol–1 1.08 g of H2O contains 0.12 g H.
? mass of oxygen present = 1.80 – (0.72
5
Molarity of the solution 2.5 u 10 2 +0.12) = 0.96 g
100 u 2
0.96
= 25 × 10–3 % of O = u 100 = 53.33 %
1.80
28. Answer (3400)
33. Answer (8)
N2(g) + 3H2(g) o 2NH3(g)
No. of significant figures in 50000.020 × 10–3 = 8
3
2.8 u 10 34. Answer (13)
Number of moles of N 2 100
28
Mass of Na+ in 50 mL = 70 × 50 mg
1000
Number of moles of H 2 500 70 u 50
2
Millimoles of NaNO3 =
Number of moles of NH3 produced = 200 23

Mass of NH3 produced = 200 × 17 = 3400 gm 70 u 50 u 85 u 10 3

Mass of NaNO3 =
23
29. Answer (18) 12.9  13 g
C3H8(g) + 5O2(g) o 3CO2(g) + 4H2O(l)
35. Answer (9)
13 Moles of solute
C4H10(g) + O2 (g) o 4CO2(g) + 5H2O(l)
2 Molality = Mass of solvent (in kg)

No. of moles of O2 required to oxidise 1 mole of

6.50 molal solution of KOH means
13 6.50 moles of KOH in 1000 g of water (solvent)
propane and 2 moles of butane = 5 + 2 × = 18
2
364 g of KOH in 1364 g of solution
30. Answer (2)
Mass of solution(g)
Volume of solution =
no. of moles of solute density of solution (g mL1 )
Molarity
volm of soln (in L)
1364
=
1.89
4.5 u 1000
90 u 250 Moles of solute 6.50 u1.89
Molarity = 9.00M
=2× 10–1 M Volume of solution(inL) 1364u103

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36. Answer (3) 40. Answer (226)

NaOH + HCI o NaCI + H2O
210
W eight of H = × 2 = 23.333 g (in 750 g 125 m mol 500 m mol - -
18
compound) - 375 m mol 125 m mol -
Number of unreacted molecules of
23.333
% of H = u 100 HCI = 375 × 10–3 × 6.022 × 1023
750
= 2258.25 × 1020
= 3.111
= 225.825 × 1021
|3
| 226 × 1021
37. Answer (525)
41. Answer (4)
3Pb(NO 3 )2  Cr2 (SO 4 )3 o 3PbSO 4 p  2Cr(NO 3 )3
Concentration of glucose in blood = 0.72 g/L
m.moles of Pb(NO3)2 = 35 × 0.15 = 5.25 m.moles
0.72
= 4 u 10 –3 molar
m.moles of Cr2(SO4)3 = 20 × 0.12 = 2.4 m.moles 180
? Pb(NO3)2 is limiting reagent.
42. Answer (464)
m.moles of PbSO4 formed = 5.25 m.moles
2C4H10(g) + 13O2(g) o 8CO2(g) + 10H2O(l)
= 525 × 10–5 moles
116 g 180 g
38. Answer (1) 46.4 g 72.0 g
Volume of Cl2 at STP = 20 mL So, the amount of butane required is 464 × 10–1 g
for the production of 72.0 g of H2O.
20
Moles of chlorine gas = 43. Answer (3)
22400
The number of significant figures in 0.00340 is
20 three.
Molecules of Cl2 gas = u 6.023 u 1023
22400 44. Answer (5)
Given, density of water = 1 g cm–3
20
Atoms of Cl = 2 u u 6.023 u 1023 density of NaOH solution = 1.2 g cm–3
22400
mass of 1 L solution = 1200 g
23
| 1 u 10 mass of 1 L solvent = 1000 g

39. Answer (18) mass of solute = 200 g

7 200 u 1000
C2H6  O2 o 2CO2  3H2 O molality = 5m
2 40 u 1000
3
Number of moles of ethane = = 0.1 45. Answer (3)
30
Number of moles of water = 3 × 0.1 = 0.3 Molar mass of KCl = 39 + 35.5

? Number of molecules of water = 74.5 g mol–1

= 6.023 × 1023 × 0.3 Density of solution = 1.20 g ml–1

= 18.069 × 1022 Mass of solution = 1000 + 3.3 × 74.5

| 18 × 1022 = 1245.85 g

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49. Answer (13)

1245.85
Voume of solution = ml
1.2
Na2O  H2 O o 2NaOH
= 1038.20 ml 20 2 u 20
Moles
23 u 2  16 (23 u 2  16)
3.3 u 1000
Molarity = 3.17 mol/l  3
1038.20
0.645 u 1000
Molarity =
46. Answer (50) 500

Given mass = 1.290 M

Mole =
Molar mass = 12.90 × 10–1 M

3.45  13 × 101 M
= = 0.15 mol of Na+
23 50. Answer (64)
Each mole of Na3PO4 has 3 mole of Na+. So 0.15
moles of solute
M
0.15 volume of solution in L
mole of Na+ is present in mole of Na3PO4.
3
80
M | 64 u 10 3 mol L1
0.15 u 1000 249.54 u 5
Molarity = = 0.5 mol L–1
3 u 100
51. Answer (2)
Molarity = 50 × 10–2 mol L–1
Number of atom
47. Answer (19) Moles = Avogadro 's number

C3H8 + 5O2 3CO 2 + 4H2O

Given mass
Moles =
100 1000 Molar mass
Moles – –
initial 44 32
8 Number of atoms
1000 100 × 5 300 400
Moles – – 23 6.02 u 1023
final 32 44 44 44
Number of atoms = 2 × 1023
52. Answer (3)
300
44 45
Mole fraction of CO2 = C15H30  O2 o 15CO2  15H2 O
19.89  6.81  9.09
2
= 19.02
One litre of fuel has a mass (0.756) × 1000 g.
? x = 19
756
48. Answer (20) ? moles of C15H30 =
210
Molar mass of oxalic acid H2C2O4˜2H2O = 126 g/mol
45 756
Number of moles of solute Moles of O2 required = u
Molarity 2 210
Vol. of solution (in L)
45 756
Mass of O2 required = u u 32 g = 2592 g
6.3 u 1000 2 210
126 u 250
756
0.2 molar Mass of CO2 formed = 15 u u 44 = 2376 g
210
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53. Answer (5418)

36 gm H2O o 1 mole CH4
Molar mass of C7H5N3O6 = 227 g/mol

681 g of C7H5N3O6 = 3 mol 1

81 gm H2O o u 81 mole CH4
36
? 681 g of C7H5N3O6 has 9 mole of N.
= 54.18 × 1023 N atoms o 2.25 mole

= 5418 × 1021
o 225 u 102
54. Answer (25)
58. Answer (1)
0.3% glycine means
Density = ‘x’ gm ml–1
100 g protein ‘A’ contains 0.3 g glycine.
5 u 1000
Since, molar mass of glycine is 75 ? molality, m = 7.96
[x(1000)  372.5]
100
75 g glycine will be present in u 75 g protein 8m (Assuming x = 1)
0.3
? 'Tf = iKfm
Minimum molar mass of protein A is 25 × 103 g/mol
Assuming complete dissociation of salt (100%)
55. Answer (3)
(i = 2)
35
u 1000 14.0 M 'Tf = 2 × 1.86 × 8  29.76
Molarity = (36.5) u 100
1.46 Hence, the solution does not freeze at –21°C. This
means that molality of the solution won’t change as
56. Answer (143) x t 1.
CH4 + 2O2 o CO2 + 2H2O Statement (II) is also correct as molality is mass
dependent and hence, does not change with
wt. of CH4 100 g 208 tem perature. However, as solvents are not
nO 2
wt. of O2 208 g 32 mentioned, statement (I) can also be incorrect.

In this reaction O2 is limiting reagent 59. Answer (2)

2 moles of O2 1 mole of CO2 Mole of A2B = moles of AB3

o
W W
1
1 mole of O2 o mole of CO2 2A  B A  3B
2
A + 3B = 2A + B
208 208 1
mole of O2 o u mole of CO 2B = A
32 32 2 2

Atomic weight of A is 2 times that of B.

208 1 60. Answer (4)
o u u 44 gm of CO
32 2 2

Element %mass Moles Whole

143 gm of CO2 number ratio
o
C 74 6.17 5
57. Answer (225)
H 8.7 8.7 7
CH4  2O2 o CO2  2H2O
N 17.3 1.236 1
1 mol CH4 o 2 mole H2 O
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Empirical Formula = C5H7N 65. Answer (3)

Empirical formula mass = 81 g According to the question,

n × 81 = 162 100 g of haemoglobin contains 0.34 g of iron

0.34
n=2 3.3 g of haemoglobin contains u 3.3 g of iron
100
Hence molecular formula is C10H14N2
0.34 u 3.3 N
61. Answer (2) moles of Fe = = N
100 u 56 A

0.02858 u 0.112
.00561
0.5702 0.34 u 3.3 u 6.022 u 1023
N= = 1.21 × 1020
100 u 56
Answer expressed in 3 significant figures.
66. Answer (2)
62. Answer (46)

N2(g) + 3H2 (g) o 2NH3 (g) X  Y  3Z U xyz3

nmoles 1 1 .05

Since H2 is in excess and 20 L of ammonia gas is

produced. .05
Limiting reagent is Z = .016
3
Hence, 2 moles NH3 { 1 mole N2 (v v n)
3 moles of Z o 1 mole of XYZ3
20 L NH3 { 10 L N2
1
Volume of N2 left = 56 – 10 = 46 L .05 mole of Z o u .05 mole of XYZ
3 3

63. Answer (24)

M.wt. of XYZ3 = 10 + 20 +90
In 2L o 96 mg of Mg
= 120 amu
–3
96 u 10
Number of atoms of Mg u NA .05
24 Wt. of XYZ3 u 120
3
= 4 u 10–3 u 6 u 1023
=2g
= 24 × 1020 67. Answer (46)
64. Answer (54)
2 wt. of H2O
m moles of HNO3 = 800 × 0.5 % of H = 18 u wt. of organic compound u 100

Moles of HNO3 = 400 × 10–3 = 0.4 moles

2 0.4428
Weight of HNO3 = 0.4 × 63 g = 25.2 g = u u 100
18 0.492
Remaining acid = 25.2 – 11.5 = 13.7 g
= 0.11 × 0.9 × 100

13.7 u 1000 = .099 × 100 = 9.9

M
400 u 63
12 0.7938
% of C = u u 100
44 0.492
137
= 0.54
252 = 0.27 × 1.61 × 100

= 54 × 10–2 = 43.47

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% Oxygen = 100 – (43.47 + 9.9)

34 u 20
= 100 – 53.37 24.28 g
28
 46
= 1.42 moles
68. Answer (25)
70. Answer (3)

4HNO3(l) + 3KCl(s) o Cl2(g) + NOCl(g) +

2H2O(g) + 3KNO3(s)

0.1 110
Molarity of Na2SO4 = = 0.025 M ' 110 g of KNO3 Ÿ moles of KNO3 =
4 101

= 25 millimolar.
= 1.089 mol

As, 4 mole of HNO 3 produces 3 mol of KNO 3.

69. Answer (3)
Hence, the moles of HNO3 required to produce
N2(g)  3H2(g) U 2NH3(g)
20 g 5g 4
1.089 moles of KNO3 = u 1.089 = 1.452 mol
3
Ideally 28 g N2 reacts with 6 g H2 limiting reagent is
N2 Hence, mass of HNO3 required is 1.452 × 63
? Amount of NH3 formed on reacting 20 g N2 is, = 91.5 g (approx.)

‰‰‰

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