[1] VO: But how was it discovered?

[2] VO: The numbers in the sequence have extraordinary mathematical properties and
can be found in nature. But how would they sound like when applied to music
[3] Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart born in 1756 and died in 1791, was one of the most
influential, popular, and prolific composers of the classical period. He composed nearly
600 works, including some of the most well-known and beloved symphonic, chamber,
operatic, and choral works.

[4] Mozart based many of his works on the Golden Ratio, especially his piano sonatas.
The classical sonata is divided into two sections: exposition, which introduces the
musical theme, and development and recapitulation, which develops and repeats the
themes. Mozart composed his piano sonatas in such a way that the number of bars in
the development and recapitulation divided by the number of bars in the exposition
would equal approximately 1.618, the Golden Ratio.

[5] One of his works that exhibits this is Sonata no. 1 in C Major
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZixdOZh7zo4&t=401s

[6] Ludwig van Beethoven was a German composer who dominated the transitional
period between the Classical and Romantic eras. He is often recognized as the greatest
composer who ever lived and dominated an era of musical history like no one else
before or since.

[7] Derek Haylock, a writer in the field of mathematics education, argued over the
presence of the golden section in Beethoven's fifth movement in 1978. The claim is that
the opening motto occurs exactly at the golden mean point of 0.618, namely at bar 372
of 601. Furthermore, the coda is 129 bars long, and when divided using the golden
section, the result is 49:80. Beethoven actually adds an entirely new melody that has
not before featured in the movement after the first 49 bars of the coda, a true first in the
history of classical music creation.

[8] Here is the 5th Symphony that exhibits the golden ratio
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B7pQytF2nak&t=3s

[9] VO: Geniuses from Mozart to Beethoven have used the Fibonacci sequence in their
music. But what makes it so special in music?

[10] One of the music that the Fibonacci sequence is evident in is the song Perfect
Illusion by Lady Gaga. Released to great fanfare this week, her new song ‘Perfect
Illusion’ features an extremely bold key chance right at the 111-second point.

[10] By putting her key change at 111 out of 179 seconds, she’s nailed the Golden Ratio
sweet spot, 1.618, otherwise known as ‘Phi’.