Breast cancer

ANN CAMILLE Q. YUGA, MD

GENERAL SURGERY – SURGICAL ONCOLOGY
Jose B. Lingad Memorial General Hospital
True or False?
1. All breast masses are breast cancer.
2. Antiperspirants and bras can cause breast cancer.
3. Breast biopsy will cause the breast cancer to
spread.
4. Males are exempted from having breast cancer.
5. Early detection of breast cancer saves lives.
Outline
1. Introduction
2. Risk factors
3. Signs and symptoms
4. Screening & Diagnosis
5. Treatment options
Introduction
“What is Breast Cancer?”
• Breast cancer is a disease wherein
the cells in the breast grown
abnormally and out of control.
• Breast cancer can spread in areas
outside the breast through blood
vessels and lymph vessels.
• When breast cancer spreads to
other parts of the body, it is said to
have metastasized.
Risk factors
Tobacco &
How to reduce the risks for Breast cancer?
Signs & Symptoms
Screening &
Diagnosis
Health promotion for early Timely diagnosis Comprehensive breast
detection cancer management

Education Screening programs Guidelines for treatment

 Breast ultrasound Biopsy
Self breast
examination

Clinical breast
examination Mammogram
When should self breast
examination be done?
• Menstruating women – 7-10 days
after period
• Non-menstruating women – same
day each month
Manual exam/ Clinical exam
• This is performed by a doctor or a
trained nurse, who uses his or her
hands to feel for lumps or other
changes.
• Done annually for women 40 years and
above
• Performed at least every 3 years
between 20 and 40 years

Self breast examination is not

a substitute to clinical
breast exam!
 Breast ultrasound

• Quick, non-invasive, painless and

inexpensive imaging test, no
radiation involved
• Imaging of choice for women
<40 years old
• Asian breasts usually have dense
breasts
• Specificity increases up to 95%
when combined with
Mammography
 Mammography

• A mammogram is an X-ray of the

breast.
• Early detection through
mammogram can reduce the chance
of death from breast cancer by 20%.

Women (asymptomatic)
≥40 years of age
should have annual
mammogram done
 Biopsy

• Biopsy is the procedure wherein you

take a sample of the tumor.
 Screening test VS Diagnostic test
• Screening is done on a regular
basis when there are no
symptoms.
• Example, an annual screening
mammogram done once a year
to detect breast cancer before
you notice any abnormality or
symptoms.
• Diagnostic tests are done when
there are signs or symptoms
such as a lump that can be felt in
the breast, changes in the skin of
the breast or nipple, or nipple
discharge.
• With breast symptoms, the most
frequent diagnostic tests used
are mammograms, breast
ultrasound, or both.
Treatment
 True or False?
1. All breast masses are breast cancer. False

2. Antiperspirants and bras can cause breast cancer. False

3. Breast biopsy will cause the breast cancer to spread. False

4. Males are exempted from having breast cancer. False

5. Early detection of breast cancer saves lives. True

Thank you for listening!
References
• https://www.nccn.org/patients/guidelines/content/PDF/breastcancer
screening-patient.pdf
• https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/breast-cancer
• https://liverpoolexpress.co.uk/breast-cancer-screening-signs-and-
symptoms/
• https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/breast/basic_info/what-is-breast-
cancer.htm
• https://julidesagiroglumdfacs.com/en/early-diagnosis-in-breast-
cancer/