B.

PAST TENSE OVERVIEW

1. SIMPLE PAST
 Started and finished in the past -- She typed a letter last night.
 One thing happened after another -- When I came, she typed the
letter.

2. PAST CONTINUOUS
 Interrupted past -- When I came, she was typing a
letter.
 Two actions in progress
at the same time, in the past  When I was swimming, she was
typing letters.

3. PAST PERFECT
 An event happened earlier
than a past event  When I came, she had typed 3
letters.

4. PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS

 Recently had stopped before a past
Event  She had been typing for two
hours when I came.
1. SIMPLE PAST

Rumus:
Subject + V2 (Kata kerja lampau)

Kata kerja lampau dibentuk dengan menambahkan -ed pada akhir kata kerja (V -
ed)
Contoh: worked, talked, walked, etc.

Kata kerja lampau ada yang harus dihafalkan yaitu Irregular Verb (kata kerja yang
tidak beraturan)
Contoh: go (V1) - went (V2)
eat (V1) - ate (V2)

Kegunaan:
a. Untuk menyatakan suatu kegiatan yang terjadi pada waktu tertentu
di masa lampau.
She typed a letter last night.
(Dia mengetik surat tadi malam)

b. Untuk menyatakan kegiatan-kegiatan yang terjadi secara berurutan di masa

lampau.
When I came, she typed the letter.
(Pada saat saya tiba, dia mengetik surat itu) - menunjukkan bahwa dia baru
mengetik surat setelah saya tiba.
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2. PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE

Rumus:
Subject + was/were + V-ing
was digunakan untuk: I, he, she, it
were digunakan untuk: you, we, they

Kegunaan:
a. Past Continuous Tense umumnya dipakai bersamaan dengan Simple Past Tense
untuk menyatakan bahwa satu kegiatan terjadi (Past Simple) pada saat kegiatan
yang lain sedang berlangsung (Past Continuous).

When I came, she was typing a letter.

(Waktu saya datang, dia (baru mulai) mengetik surat itu)

b. Bila dua kegiatan berlangsung secara bersamaan di masa lampau maka kedua
kegiatan tersebut dinyatakan dalam bentuk Past Continuous Tense.

When Iwas swimming, she was typing letters.

(Pada saat saya sedang berenang, dia sedang mengetik surat)
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EXERCISE: (Simple Past and Past Continuous)

Choose the Correct Form

Examples:
I (watched/was watching) TV when he came in.
We (drank/was drinking) milk everyday when we were in Australia.

1. Anne (wore/was wearing) her new dress when I (met/was meeting) her
yesterday.
2. When the phone (rang/was ringing), I (had/was having) dinner.
3. When I (went/was going) out, the sun (shone/was shining).
4. His car (broke down/was breaking down) when he (drove/was driving) to work.
5. I (ate/was eating) dinner when my mother came into the kitchen.
6. John (fell down/was falling down) while he (ran/was running).
7. When (did you last write/were you last writing) a book?
8. I (studied/was studying) English when my Mom (called/was calling) me last
night.
9. I (remembered/was remembering) the day I first (went/was going) to school.
10. When the doorbell (rang/was ringing), my mother (got up/was getting up) and
(opened/was opening) the door.
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3. PAST PERFECT TENSE

Rumus:
Subject + had + V3

had adalah bentuk lampau dari has dan have yang dapat digunakan untuk semua
kata ganti orang (I, you, we, he, she, it, they)

V3 (past participle) adalah bentuk ketiga dari kata kerja

Contoh: go (V1) - went (V2) - gone (V3)

Kegunaan:
a. Untuk menyatakan suatu kegiatan yang telah terjadi (Past Perfect) sebelum
terjadinya suatu kegiatan lain di masa lampau (Simple Past).

When I came, she had typed 3 letters.

(Pada waktu saya datang, dia sudah mengetik 3 buah surat.)
Terjadi di masa lampau.
Dengan demikian, bila ada 2 kegiatan yang terjadi di masa lampau maka kegiatan
yang lebih dahulu terjadi, kita menggunakan PAST PERFECT. Sedangkan, untuk
kegiatan yang kedua kita pakai PAST TENSE.
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3. PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

Rumus:
Subject + had + been + V-ing

had adalah bentuk lampau dari has dan have yang dapat digunakan untuk semua
kata ganti orang (I, you, we, he, she, it, they)

been adalah bentuk ketiga dari be

Bentuk ini merupakan kombinasi dari past perfect (had + V3) dan continuous (be +
V-ing)

Kegunaan:
a. Untuk menyatakan suatu kegiatan yang sedang berlangsung di masa lampau,
pada saat suatu kegiatan yang lain terjadi.

She had been typing for 2 hours when I came.

(Dia sudah mengetik selama 2 jam pada saat saya datang.)
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EXERCISE: (Past Perfect and Past Perfect Continuous)

Choose the Correct Form

Examples:
He (had left/had been leaving) for hours before I got there.
I (had waited/had been waiting) for two hours when we arrived.

1. He read the book after he (finished/had finished) his work.

2. I arrived at the school at 8.10, but the class (started/had started) at 8.00.
3. He (had eaten/had been eating) all the cake before we got back.
4. John (had looked/had been looking) for a job for years, when he finally got one.
5. Her eyes were red because she (had cried/had been crying).
6. After he (had read/had been reading) the letter carefully, he wrote a reply.
7. When the police arrived, the robbers (had gone/had been going).
8. How long had you (waited/been waiting) when the teacher arrived?
9. He said that he (had seen/had been seeing) the report.
10. The little boy was out of breath. He (had run/had been running).
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