( 四) Icing

▪ Why is icing dangerous for flying aircraft?

It changes the shape of wings while you are in flight. It may cause control surfaces jammed, pitot
tube
blockage. loss altitude and airspeed indications, It increases drag and reduces lift. It may reduce
aircraft
performance and cause stalls.
▪ If there’s ice buildup on the wings, what would you do?
If it happens before takeoff, contact ground, return to apron, report to ATC, request ground
services to carry
out de-icing procedure; if it occurs en-route, turn the deicing system to maximum, push the
throttle forward
to increase speed, report to ATC, descend to lower level and leave the icing area as soon as
possible.
ABNORMAL SITUATION
– Adverse Weather
( 四) Icing
▪ Have you encountered icing during the flight?
Yes. Once I flew from Beijing to Shanghai on FL290, I found ice buildup on the fuselage of the
aircraft. We
executed the SOP and carried out the deciding procedure. Then I reported to ATC and requested
a level
change. To leave the icing area. After deciding, we continued the flight.
▪ How can a pilot in the cockpit know he is experiencing icing conditions in flight?
By visual check to see if there is ice built on the fuselage or wings. Pilots can make a judgment by
observing
the temperature. If the temperature is below minus 10 degrees, the aircraft is probably flying into
the icing
area. Modern aircraft are equipped with advanced anti-icing and deicing devices. Electronic ice
detector
detecting can help pilots detect icing conditions. Ask ATC to check if there’s any previous pilot’s
report
about icing conditions.
（四) 结冰

▪ 为什么结冰对飞行的飞机有危险？

当你在飞行时，它会改变翅膀的形状。它可能会导致控制表面堵塞，皮托管

堵塞损失高度和空速指示，它增加阻力并减少升力。它可能会减少飞机

性能并导致停滞。

▪ 如果机翼上结冰了，你会怎么办？
如果在起飞前发生，请联系地面，返回停机坪，向 ATC 报告，请求地面服务人员携带

室外除冰程序；如果在途中发生，将除冰系统调到最大值，将油门向前推

要提高速度，请向 ATC 报告，下降到较低的高度并尽快离开结冰区域。

异常情况

–恶劣天气

（四) 结冰

▪ 你在飞行中遇到结冰了吗？

对当我乘坐 FL290 从北京飞往上海时，我发现飞机机身上结了冰。我们

执行 SOP 并执行决策程序。然后我向 ATC 报告并要求一个级别

改变离开结冰区域。决定之后，我们继续飞行。

▪ 驾驶舱里的飞行员怎么知道自己在飞行中遇到了结冰的情况？

目视检查机身或机翼上是否结冰。飞行员可以通过观察做出判断

温度。如果温度低于零下 10 度，飞机可能会飞入结冰区域

地区现代飞机配备了先进的防冰和除冰装置。电子结冰探测器

探测可以帮助飞行员探测结冰情况。要求 ATC 检查是否有以前的飞行员报告

关于结冰情况。
ABNORMAL SITUATION – FOD/FOI
▪ If the aircraft engine ingests foreign objects, will it endanger flight safety?
Yes, of course. A foreign object may cause engine flameout. If the engine sucks a foreign object, it
may cause
engine surge, vibration or even engine fire or failure. During takeoff, the power is at its maximum.
If the engines
catch fire at this critical time, it will be in a distress situation.
▪ If the aircraft engine ingests some foreign object during takeoff rolling, what would you do?
If we encounter this situation before V1, we must abort takeoff right away. try our best to stop
the ac, set the
throttle to idle position, use the maximum braking action. If it happens after V1, we will continue
takeoff. Once
airborne, carry out an abnormal checklist, analyze the situation. If the engine doesn’t work
properly, contact
ATC and request return for landing.
ABNORMAL SITUATION – FOD/FOI
▪ What can be done to prevent FOD from happening?
Airport staff should clean the taxiway and runway regularly. Pilots should taxi carefully and slowly,
increase situation
awareness. If they find any debris on the ground, they should stop taxis and inform ATC. Delay
takeoff or approach if there
are bird activities in the vicinity of the airport. Use bird dispersing vans to frighten birds away. The
airport should keep the
taxiway and runway clean.
▪ During which phases of flight is engine ingestion most likely to occur?
Engine ingestion is most likely to happen during taxiing and takeoff when the aircraft is close to
the ground. During taxis, if
there are some objects on the ground, they are very easily ingested by engines.
ABNORMAL SITUATION – Engine Fire
▪ What are the procedures for engine fire during flight?
First, the crew must confirm which engine is on fire. Then they perform the engine fire checklist
step by step, such
as reducing the thrust lever to idle position, and shut down the engine and release engine fire
extinguishers. The
other crew member declares the emergency situation to ATC, and requests a safe altitude and
landing as soon as
possible and requests assistance on arrival.
ABNORMAL SITUATION – Engine Fire
▪ What may cause flight deck fire/smoke?
There are many situations that can cause flight deck smoke, like lightning strikes, avionic bay on
fire and
overheating, electric spark, circuit burn-in or on fire, cargo hold on fire or overheating, air
conditioning system on
fire and so on.
▪ During the cruise, if you observe smoke on your flight deck, what will you do?
I will put on the smoke goggles and oxygen masks, find out where the smoke is coming from. And
do the
appropriate checklist, ventilate the smoke from the cockpit. Then report to ATC the situation,
request emergency
descent and immediate landing, consider evacuation after landing and fire services on arrival.
ABNORMAL SITUATION – Engine Fire
▪ During the cruise, if you observe smoke in the cabin, what will you do?
I will keep the cockpit door closed; find out where the smoke is from, extinguish the fire if
possible.
Then deploy oxygen masks, do the smoke checklist, switch off the air-conditioning system, report
to
ATC and consider evacuation after landing.