1. Define the unit BTU.

energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 lb of water by 1 oF.

2. How much energy in BTU there is in one gallon of

gasoline.
=1015

3. State the energy conservation principle.

Energy is neither created nor destroyed. but It may transform from one type to
another.

4. Is nuclear energy renewable?

There are two types of nuclear reactions: fusion and fission. Fusion-based
nuclear energy is seen as renewable, while fission-based nuclear energy is
considered non-renewable.

5. Give an example of a system and explain energy

conservation.
Wind energy
The generator converts mechanical energy from rotation of the blades to
electrical energy.

6. Give a list of energy sources.

1. Water
2. Sun
3. Wind
4. Biomass
5. Coal
6. Gas
7. Oil
8. Nuclear
7. Give a list of energy forms.
1-Chemical
2-Nuclear
3-Heat
4-Mechanical
5-Electrochemical
6-Electricity

8. Give a list of ocean energy sources.

1- Tides
2- Waves
3- Current
4- Temperature Gradient
5- Salinity Gradient

9. Describe a tidal energy sources and explain how it

works? What form of energy it converts to what form?

Tides result from sun and moon's gravity.

Tidal water flows in and out of the tunnel, driving turbines and generators
inside to produce electric energy.

mechanical energy into electric energy.

10. Describe a salinity gradient energy sources and

explain how it works? What form of energy it converts
to what form?

Salinity gradient power is a type of energy that comes from the difference
in saltiness between seawater and river water. There are two methods:

PRO Technology: It uses Special membranes permit only water molecules

to pass. This creates a flow from less salty to saltier solution This flow turn
turbines and generate electricity.

RED Technology: This method involves using ion-exchange membranes.

There are two types
1-(AEM) that allow negatively charged ions to pass
2-(CEM) that let positively charged ions through.

Pro: Chemical energy into mechanical energy into electric energy

Red: Chemical energy into electric energy
11. Explain the biomass gasification process.
Biomass gasification is a way to turn solid biomass fuel into a type of
flammable gas through a series of thermo-chemical reactions
1- Drying.
2- Pyrolysis
3- Combustion.
4- Reduction

12. Explain the closed OTEC process.

Warm water makes ammonia a gas in an evaporator.

High-pressure gas passes through a turbine which turns
a generator. Cold water turns low-pressure gas back to
liquid in a condenser. The liquid is then cycled back to
the evaporator.