Introduction

Aviation industry of early 20th century was privileged for the rich and famous only. With
the passage of time industry evolved and gained popularity among the masses also. Its
increasing demand let to the development of Airports. So we saw improvement in their
designs, safety procedures, areas and most importantly their traffic intensity. Form
Croydon airport to Gatwick, from Chicago to Dallas airport, from Atlanta to Los Angeles
and so on to Heathrow airport, they got from big to bigger, to the biggest. Gentlemen
this happened on ground but the evolution of aerial route was even more fascinating.
The result can be seen in this video which visualizes 24 hours of air traffic across the
Arabian Gulf. The region has experienced incredible growth in air traffic over recent
years. In fact Dubai has recently overtaken Heathrow as the world's busiest
international airport and at its current rate of growth is projected to handle nearly 100
million passengers per year by 2020. (Click ) Whilst the growth is exciting, the airspace
is becoming increasingly congested. You would be wondering that how these flights are
managed or how do they ensure flight safety in such densely traffic area. (Click )
Success of aviation is based on set of rules, procedures and standard practices in
operating the aircraft in air or on the ground. (Click ) The person who standardized the
rules and procedure of aviation and created a book which is also known as Bible of
Aviators. His name was Elrey Borge Jeppesen (Click ) If I tell you that Wright brothers
told us how to fly an aircraft; it would be insufficient not to mention the name of Mr.
Jeppesen who taught us how to fly safely, efficiently and methodically. Today I am
going to tell you about very important portion of this book that is Enroute Navigation
charts. (Click )

The sequence of my talk is being flashed (CLICK)

Jeppesen Introduction

As an experienced Pilots of Pakistan Air force you must have flown a ferry mission from
home Airbase to Some other Destination by using conventional maps (Click )

Today during course of Presentation we will Plan a route from Karachi International
Airport from where fighters were deployed in an operation and will ferry for Old
Islamabad Airport to be Deployed for operational Commitment and will be using
Jeppesen Charts (Click )

Jeppesen airway manual is a book which contains current or latest information in the
condensed form required for air navigation in Instrument or visual flight conditions.
(Click )

this Manual contains a wide variety of information useful to pilots. Jeppesen has
arranged source material and published it in a convenient, easy-to-use format. (Click )

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We are planning our route in Pakistan which is located in Asia with our geography
knowledge . But which Jeppesen Airway Manual as a pilot we are about to consult
(Click )

Jeppesen has divided whole world in 09 parts for easy sorting out and management.
(Click )

Jeppesen Area Coverage

We have Middle East Airway Manual in the class so we will go through to know what
are the contents of Jeppesen Airway Manual (Click )

Preface to Airway Manual dealing with revision records and Checklist (Click )

Introduction Tab consists of Glossary , Abbreviations in particular (Click )

It contains NOTAMs (Click )

Enroute portion Contains Jeppesen Charts which are of significant importance (Click )

This tab provides general information regarding Nav Aids (Click )

Meteorology Tab contains definitions and Sigmet info (Click )

It contains Reference and conversion Tables (Click )

ATC tab contains info regarding ATC procedures (Click )

This Tab give info regarding Airport of entry (Click )

Emergency tab deals with distress procedures (Click )

Airport directory gives complete details of airports (Click )

Enroute Chart Tab

Jeppesen planning charts help in selection of chart according to requirement.

And Jeppesen Enroute chart provides details of specific area of interest. (Click )

Jeppesen Enroute Charts Layout

Jeppesen Enroute Navigation charts are essential for route planning. (Click )

As we know Pakistan lies in Middle East we have to find the chart which covers our
Area . Hence Pakistan lies in ME H / L 5 and 6 as published by Jeppesen (Click )

This a Enroute chart format displayed on slide . It has three portions which (Click ) ,

Cover Panel , Chart Graphics and End panel. and will be discussed in detail (Click )
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All of you can refer to charts in your hands that Front side of Chart is called as Cover
Panel and contains different info (Click )

End Panel on Jeppesen Enroute Charts are used to additional information which cannot
be displayed on cover Panel (Click )

Unless otherwise indicated, all bearings and radials are magnetic; (Click )

enroute distances are in nautical miles; vertical measurements of elevation are in feet
above mean sea level; (Click )

enroute altitudes are either in feet above mean sea level (based on ONH altimeter set-
ting) or clearly expressed as flight levels (FL) (based on standard altimeter setting
(Click )

all times are Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) unless labelled local time (LT). (Click )

Heading

The first portion of cover panel is called as heading . (Click )

Jeppesen Company Logo is displayed in centre . (Click )

Chart Number is 5 to starboard where as 6 to port (Click )

It is covering Middle East with Altitude coverage of Both High and Low

H/ L charts are used in those areas where routes are not that much busy (Click )

High enroute Charts for Europe is depicted on screen . (Click )

The areas where air traffic is congested on routes, those areas are divided into High
and Low altitude enroute charts separately (Click )

Due to congestion of airspace within large metropolitan areas, complete off airway infor-
mation is not always shown on Enroute Charts. These areas are supplemented by Area
Charts (Click )

at larger chart scales with complete information. They should be used for all flights
when arriving or departing an airport within an Area Chart. (Click )

It depicts the boundaries of Jeppesen Enroute Navigation chart (Click )

ME 7A Is an overlapping Enroute Chart with ME 6 (Click )

It is a depiction of Time boundaries in the coverage area of Chart (Click ) (Click )

After Time Zone boundaries time zone designators are depicted. (Click )

It is shown on that time depicted is 5 hours ahead of UTC (Click )

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A changes note highlights significant items that have been modified on the chart since
the last revision for each chart.

This change notice depicts that ON Middle East H/L 5 Dushanbe DME is commissioned
(Click )

This depicts FIR / UIR , Country or controlled airspace designator (Click )

It depicts airspace Classification (Click )

The last column depicts airspace upper and lower limits

For example it can be seen that Tehran FIR IS A Class G airspace from FL 285 till
unlimited (Click )

Cruising levels are Based on semi circular rules between Magnetic track 000- 179 you
will fly odd level (Click )

where as if you are flying from 180 to 359 you will fly Even level below FL 290 (Click )

Above FL 290 It is a RVSM Airspace which has reduced vertical separation minimums
but still level selection of even and odds still remains same (Click )

This cruising level table depicts that segregation for even odd level is based on
westerly's and easterlies . Aircraft flying from 270 to 089 will be flying even level where
as between 089 to 269 will be flying odd level below fl 290 (Click )

Selection is based on traffic patterns (Click )

End Panel depicts special use airspaces for understanding we can take an example
Special use Airspace between GND/MSL and 2000’ is not depicted on Enroute and
Area charts in several regions. (Click )

It is a depiction of special used airspace in Karachi terminal area (Click )

Where OP is a designator for Pakistan . R in parenthesis depict Restricted area with

height restriction from Gnd level to 4000 feet Time of operation is from sun rise to
sunset (Click )

Enroute communications are shown on the charts or tabulated on the end folds where
they may be referred to with a minimum of paper turning. (Click ) Terminal
communications are also provided in the tabulations except on charts designed solely
for high altitude operations. (Click )

Communication Karachi Example

To use the Low Altitude and High/Low Altitude Enroute Charts, use the small index map
on the cover panel to locate the major city closest to your desired area. These names
are the major locations shown within each chart panel and are indicated along the

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"zigdex" at the top of the chart. (Click ) For Locating Karachi we Have to open Panel 9 .
(Click ) Each Panel is divided into 4 sections ABCD . (Click ) We have to go for D and
we will go RT bottom section of panel 9 and will locate Karachi (Click )

Route / Airway Component

As we have to ferry from Karachi to Old Islamabad airport and we have some
understanding of jeppesen Enroute Chart. (Click ) I have selected a route from chart
which connects (Click ) OPKC with OPRN which is Z301 we have to understand how
route / Airway is established on Jeppesen Charts (Click )

As we take a look on Enroute chart and see there are lot of spikes originating from
Karachi in all directions and structuring the web of airways to fly from one place to
another . (Click ) A specified route designed for channeling the flow of traffic as
necessary for the provision of air traffic services. (Click )

Airways are referred by the letter and number designation shown along the airway on
the enroute chart in that Case Z301 is a route originating from Karachi VOR. (Click )

A, B , G R designators are Part of regional networks of ATS routes and are not RNAV
routes (Click )

L,M,N,P are part of regional networks of ATS routes and are RNAV routes (Click )

H,J,V,W Not part of regional networks of ATS routes and are not RNAV routes (Click )

Q,T,Y,Z Not part of regional networks of ATS routes and are RNAV routes (Click )

Some airways allow only one-way traffic patterns. One-way airways are indicated with
an arrow symbol (Click )

What is BADUL or KAPSI ? On Enroute chart Signifies (Click ) A specified

geographical location used to define an area navigation route or the flight path of an
aircraft employing area navigation. Waypoint is formed by Intersection of two airways
Intersection of two VOR radials, or NDB bearings Intersection located by DME
Geographic coordinates (Click )

The intersections of the airway are also named as reporting points. There are two types
of reporting points, (Click ) Non compulsory reporting points are not be reported to ATC
unless otherwise specified and are represented by hollow triangles. (Click ) Compulsory
Reporting points which must be reported to ATC. They are designated on charts by
solid triangles (Click ) BADUL is Compulsory reporting waypoint on our route. (Click )
(Click )

a waypoint is a predetermined geographical position that is defined in terms of

latitude/longitude coordinates (altitude is ignored). Waypoints may be a simple named
point in space or may be associated with existing navigational aids, intersections, or

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fixes. (Click ) SAGAD is shown as compulsory reporting RNAV point on our route Z301
(Click ) where as OLVIB is no compulsory RNAV point. (Click )

Mileage is a distance measured between two entities on a map . (Click ) Segment

Mileage between BADUL and Nawabshah is 77Nm . (Click ) Total Mileage is a distance
between Two Nav aids KC VOR AND NH VOR is 102 Nm (Click )

Enroute Chart Legends

As we have selected the route now we need to decode the info which is provided by
the chart which will help us in flying the routes (Click )

Controlled airspace is an area of defined dimensions within which air traffic control
service is available . it is depicted with white background (Click )

Class C airspace is depicted with wide blue line and it explains that Karachi Terminal
Area is a Class C airspace with an upper limit of FL 290 (Click )

Class A airspace is depicted with wide Maroon Line . (Click ) Class B airspace is same
as A (Click )

Class D/E airspace are marked with Thin blue Dashed lines . (Click ) While studying
route Z301 if you look abeam NH to right There is a depiction of Class D airspace of
JASALMER airport whose upper limit is FL 100 . (Click )

Nawabshah is a VOR DME on our route which is also known as On airway VOR.
(Click) It is represented with shadowed Box in Low, H/L and Area charts. Box indicates
Location name , VOR frequency Identifier Morse code and Co-ordinates. (Click ) D
indicates DME equipment is co located. (Click )

On High Enroute Navigation charts NH VOR DME is depicted without Compass rose
and a shaded box with VOR frequency and identifier. (Click )

On Airway VOR of Multan wit an identifier MT is depicted in a shadowed box . (Click )

NDB is depicted with Green concentric circle with Filled from inside it depicts
compulsory reporting NDB . Sukkur NDB is an On airway which shown with shadowed
box . (Click )

Off airway nav aids are those from which no route is passing through or originating.
Jacobabad NDB is displayed on Enroute chart without shadowed box on H/ L , Low
and Area charts. (Click )

Another Nav aid is Instrument Landing system at the airport. Charts depict localizers to
indicate its availability at airports. Our destination OPRN is equipped with ILS for
landing . (Click )

While looking on the route Z301 you must have noticed few Altitude restrictions
depicted along side of the route .These are explained now (Click )
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It shows that Minimum Enroute Altitude on our rote Z301 is FL 210. what does it
signifies ? (Click )

The lowest published altitude between radio fixes that meets obstacle clearance
requirements between those fixes and in many countries assures acceptable
navigational signal coverage. The MEA applies to the entire width of the airway,
segment, or route between the radio fixes defining the airway, segment, or route.
(Click) MEA gives 2000 feet clearance in Mountainous areas (Click )

The lowest published altitude in effect between radio fixes on VOR airways, off airway
routes, or route segments which meets obstacle (Click )

clearance requirements for the entire route segment assures acceptable navigational
signal coverage only within 22NM of a VOR. It is depicted with suffix T . MOCA will give
you 1000 ft separation from terrain when terrain is less than 5001 ft and 2000 ft
separation when terrain is more than 5000 ft. (Click )

A published altitude representing the maximum usable altitude or flight level for an
airspace structure or route segment. (Click )

This is an altitude derived by Jeppesen. The MORA provides known obstruction

clearance 10NM either side of the route centerline (Click )

including 10 Nms around the ends of the route. MORA will give you 1000 ft separation
from terrain in non mountainous areas and 2000 ft separation in mountainous areas..
(Click )

While going through chart you must have acknowledged telephone Signs while
Crossing abeam RK VOR . These signs define the boundaries of Air traffic control
services and after that you will be handed over to next Control. (Click)

The frequency and Name of of next control will be depicted with in the telephony
boundaries (Click )

On Route Z301 short of Position Kummi there is a marked boundary depicted on the
Map which depicts the Limit of Karachi FIR . Karachi will hand Over to Lahore FIR short
of position Kummi . (CLICK)

FIR is An airspace of defined dimensions within which Flight Information Service and
Alerting Service are provided. The FIR/UIR boundary name, identifier and airspace
category are depicted on an enroute chart with a barbed line (Click )

The area of airspace over land or water, extending upward from the surface, (Click )
within which the ready identification, the location, and the control of aircraft are required
in the interest of national security. (Click )

International Boundary (Click )

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The Landing Airport OPRN is depicted on the Chart in a blue Circle which depicts
significance with a Localizer Facility available . Are we allowed to land at OPRN ? Until
we know what are the types of Airport (Click )

The segregation Airports is based upon Either IFR OR VFR , Civil or Military . Moreover
we have Airports , Heliport and Seaplane Base. (Click )

Airport Info

Way Forward

Jeppesen website with Account login portals are available for Flight planning and
documentation (Click )

Pakistan Air force has login accounts on Jeppesen E portal where we can access
Enroute Charts as well as Airway Manuals for readily consultation (Click )

(Click ) As we go to Tab Enroute / Area Charts we can access List of Enroute and
AREA Charts for ready use (Click )

Moreover we can also access Jeppesen Airway Manuals for ready reference and study
(Click )

Jeppesen Mobile Flite Deck is an I pad App whose subscriptions are procured by
Pakistan Air force (Click )

and provides pilots an access to Jeppesen electronic charting with immediate, direct
and reliable access to enroute chart data, VFR and IFR terminal charts such as airport
diagrams and ILS procedures, (Click )

as well as Jeppesen’s Airway Manual text . (Click )

Conclusion

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