NAME: ____________________________ DATE:__________________

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Lesson title: Measurement in Chemistry

1. To be familiarize about the SI units and understand
the application of Conversion of units
2. To execute the procedure in scientific notation and
conversion of unit

The International System of Unit

In 1960, a group of scientists from many fields and many countries agreed upon a set of metric units
that would serve as a standard for scientific communication. This standard set of units is known as the
International System of Units and is abbreviated SI (the abbreviation is derived from the French spelling le
System International d’ Unites). Seven quantities are the foundation for SI, and each has a base unit in which
that quantity is expressed. Table 1 lists the base units for length, mass, volume, temperature, time and
chemical amount, along with their abbreviations and their relationships to common United States units.

Seven fundamental units in the SI system. All other units can be decomposed to these units

Metric Prefixes
To further simplify the expression of measured quantities, scientists use prefixes with metric units to
represent powers of ten. The following Tables list metric prefixes with a range of 25 orders of magnitude and
those frequently used in chemistry. Notice that each prefix has an abbreviation and an equivalent power of
ten. You should know those prefixes in bold face italics and their associated powers of ten listed in Table 3.
You may need to memorize them if you can't remember them.

Scientific Notation

Procedures:

Scientific notation is a method of writing really large or really small numbers in a more concise form
that removes all of the extraneous zeroes. For example, 0.0000000072 becomes 7.2 × 10-9 and 14,000,000
becomes 1.4 × 107.

But first, we need to remind ourselves how exponents work. Exponents indicate that a number has
been multiplied by itself. For example, we could write 7 × 7 × 7 as 73. The superscript 3 indicates that 7
was multiplied by itself three times. We call this “seven to the third power” or “seven cubed”. If you divide
by the same number multiple times, like 1/4 × 1/4 × 1/4, then the exponent is 4-3. The negative sign shows
that you divided by 4 three times.

In scientific notation, we use the basic format D.DD × 10n. D.DD is called the coefficient and
represents the significant digits in a number. This is multiplied by the base, which is scientific notation is
always 10. So when converting a number in “standard” or “decimal” notation to scientific, there are two
basic steps.

Step 1. Put the decimal after the first significant digit.

Step 2. Indicate how many places the decimal moved by the power of 10.

– A positive power of 10 indicates the decimal moved to the left.

For example, 300,000,000 m/s becomes 3 × 108 m/s

– A negative power of 10 indicates the decimal moved to the right.

For example, 0.000000140 m becomes 1.40 × 10-7 m

Conversion of Unit (Weight and Volume)

To convert units, there’s only one other thing you need to bear in mind: You can multiply anything by 1 and
not change its value.

Let me illustrate with an example. I’ll deliberately pick an easy one, one you could probably do in your head,
so that I can show the steps excruciatingly clearly.

Suppose you want to convert four and a half hours to minutes. Of course you know 60 minutes = 1 hour
that

Now divide both sides by 1 hour. (Remember you can do this because you treat the
unit “hour” just like a variable. If you had 60x = 1y, you could certainly divide both 60 minutes
sides by 1y.) After dividing, you have
---------- = 1

1 hour

Why did I do that? Because if (60 min)/(1 hr) = 1, then I can multiply any
measurement by that fraction and not change its value. (I’ll explain a little later why 4.5 hr × 1
I divided through by 1 hr and not 60 min.) So go back to the 4½ hours that we
wanted to convert to minutes. To do the conversion, simply multiply by that well-
chosen form of 1:

which is the same as

60 min

4.5 hr × ------

1 hr

Now, x times y/z is the same as xy/z, so our units expression is the same as
4.5 hr × 60 min

---------------

1 hr

Notice that you have hours (hr) in both top and bottom. Just as you would divide
through by x when x was in both top and bottom, so you can divide through by the 4.5 × 60 × min
“variable” hr:
--------------

which multiplies out to

270 min

Summary: to convert units, construct a fraction that is equal to 1, multiply the original measurement by that
fraction, and simplify.

For Better understanding Please scan this QR Code

Activity 1
FOR BETTER UNDERSTANDING

Before we proceed to the activity please scan the code using your smartphone. Watch the video then answer
the question below

Question Number 1.

Given Answer

1. 0.00125

2. 2,000,000,000

3. 796,000

4. 872

5. 90

6. 27 103

7. 281 102

8. 0.00179

9. 0.0000763

10. 367 10 3

Subject Teacher: To check the answer please scan the QR code below.
Activity 2.

1. Why is it important to apply scientific notation in some laboratory activity?

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2. How will you define scientific notation OPERATIONALLY?
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Activity 3.

Given Answer

1. 33.4 L Convert to ml

2. 345 g Convert to kilogram

3. 0.400 L Convert to ml

4. 6.35 g Convert to mg

5. 0.30 m Convert to mm