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Modeling of a two-phase synchronous reluctance motor

Article in PRZEGLĄD ELEKTROTECHNICZNY · January 2008

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 Tine MARČIČ1, Bojan ŠTUMBERGER2,1, Gorazd ŠTUMBERGER2,1, Miralem HADŽISELIMOVIĆ2,1,
Peter VIRTIČ1, Janko HORVAT1, Drago DOLINAR2, Ivan ZAGRADIŠNIK2,1
TECES, Research and Development Centre for Electric Machines (1),
University of Maribor, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (2)

Modeling of a two-phase synchronous reluctance motor

Abstract. The paper presents the usage of a two-phase stator winding (i.e. a winding layout with two symmetric and orthogonal phase-windings) in a
synchronous reluctance motor (SRM) drive. A magnetically linear two-phase SRM model written in the d-q reference frame is presented. The model
parameters are determined experimentally for a manufactured two-phase SRM prototype. With such a winding the SRM’s currents can be measured
and independently controlled. Also, the SRM’s inductances can be determined by measurements directly on the motor terminals.

Streszczenie. Artykuł prezentuje wykorzystanie stojana silnika dwufazowego w napędzie z synchronicznym silnikiem reluktancyjnym Magnetycznie
liniowy dwufazowy model silnika reluktancyjnego (SRM) zapisany jest we współrzędnych d-q. Parametry modelu wyznaczane są eksperymentalnie
na bazie rzeczywistego silnika dwufazowego. Mając taki model uzwojenia można obliczyć prądy w silniku i sterować nim niezależnie. Można też
mierzyć indukcyjności w silniku. (Modelowanie synchronicznego dwufazowego silnika reluktancyjnego)

Keywords: synchronous reluctance motor drive, two-phase winding, modeling.

Słowa kluczowe: napęd z silnikiem synchronicznym reluktancyjnym, dwufazowe uzwojenie.

Introduction
Standard synchronous motors used in closed-loop
controlled drives have symmetric wye-connected three-
phase stator windings. Consequently, the winding currents
are linearly dependent and cannot be used as independent
state variables in the control design. Therefore, their three-
phase model in the stator natural reference frame is usually
firstly transformed into a stationary reference frame, where
the stator excitation is represented with orthogonal model
windings (Fig. 1) [1-4].
The aforementioned transformation is not needed if the
converter fed motor has a stator winding layout with two
symmetric and orthogonal phase-windings (in the following
text referred as: a two-phase winding), where the currents
can be measured and independently controlled (Fig. 2).
This paper presents the advantages and disadvantages of
Fig.1. Schematical presentation of a three-phase synchronous
using a two-phase stator winding in a synchronous
reluctance motor
reluctance motor (SRM) drive.
The voltage balance in the stator windings of the finally
Lumped parameter dynamic model of the two-phase
derived two-phase SRM dynamic model is described by
SRM
equations (1) and (2). They represent the electrical
The used magnetically linear lumped parameter two- subsystem of the SRM. The mechanical subsystem is
phase SRM dynamic model was derived by using the well described by the torque equation (3) and equation (4)
established modeling procedure for electric rotating describing motion.
machines [5,6]. The iron core permeability was considered
as infinite; therefore the entire magneto-motive force drop
was considered to be in the air-gap. The stator phase
windings’ magnetic axes were spatially displaced by 90
electrical degrees. Stator windings were symmetrical.
Therefore, the phase-winding ohmic resistances, number of
turns and leakage inductances have the same value,
respectively. Rotor saliency was accounted for by
considering different inductances in d- and q-axis. The
voltage balance equations and the equations for magnetic
flux linkages were firstly written in the stator natural
reference frame. The magnetic flux linkages were then
expressed by currents and inductances. These currents and
inductances were used in the voltage equations describing
voltage balance in each winding. The torque equation was
derived by considering the motion induced voltages, which
are involved in the electromechanical energy conversion. Fig.2. Schematical presentation of a two-phase synchronous
The two-phase SRM dynamic model written in the natural reluctance motor
reference frame was then transformed into the d-q
reference frame in order to be used in the control design. The subscripts d and q denote variables in the d- and q-
The d- and q-axis are aligned with the direction of the axis, respectively; u denotes voltages, i denotes currents, R
lowest and highest reluctance, respectively (Fig. 2). is the stator phase-winding resistance, L are the stator self-

PRZEGLĄD ELEKTROTECHNICZNY, ISSN 0033-2097, R. 84 NR 12/2008 207

inductances, θ is the electrical rotor position, J is the
1
moment of inertia, te is the electromagnetic torque, p is the
number of pole pairs, tl is the load torque, f is the coefficient 0.8

of viscose friction and TC is the Coulomb friction torque. 0.6

did dθ 0.4
(1) ud = Rid + Ld − Lq iq
dt dt 0.2

ψ [Vs]
diq dθ 0

(2) uq = Riq + Lq + Ld id -0.2

dt dt
te = p ( Ld − Lq ) id iq
-0.4
(3)
-0.6

J d 2θ f dθ
(4) 2
= te − tl − − TC -0.8

p dt p dt -1
-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6
i [A]

Experimental determination of two-phase SRM model

Fig.3. Current dependant magnetic flux linkage characteristic of
parameters phase a winding, i.e. the d-axis
The parameters of the aforementioned dynamic model
were determined experimentally for a manufactured two-
phase SRM prototype. Mechanical parameters J, f and TC 0.5

were determined by experimental methods described in [6]. 0.4

The stator resistance R was measured on the SRM
0.3
terminals.
The inductances Ld and Lq were determined from current 0.2

dependant magnetic flux linkage characteristics [2-4,7-9] at 0.1

locked rotor of the SRM. When the SRM rotor is locked, the
ψ [Vs]

0
time derivative of the electrical rotor position equals zero
and equations (1) and (2) have the form of (5) and (6), -0.1

respectively. -0.2

did dψ d -0.3
(5) dθ dt = 0 ⇒ ud = Rid + Ld = Rid +
dt dt -0.4

diq dψ q -0.5
-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6
(6) dθ dt = 0 ⇒ uq = Riq + Lq = Riq + i [A]
dt dt
Fig.4. Current dependant magnetic flux linkage characteristic of
The flux linkages ψd and ψq in (5) and (6) can be phase b winding, i.e. the q-axis
therefore determined from measurement of voltage and
current. These were measured in a position where the d- 1
axis was aligned with the magnetic axis of the phase a ψ arated
winding. In this position the flux linkage characteristic of the
two-phase SRM model d-axis equaled the flux linkage 0.8
characteristic of the phase a winding; and the flux linkage ψ a(ia)
characteristic of the model q-axis equaled the flux linkage
Flux linkage ψ [Vs]

0.6
characteristic of the phase b winding. Both flux linkage
characteristics in d- and q-axis can therefore be determined ψ brated
from measurements directly at the two-phase SRM 0.4
terminals, by using (7) and (8).
t
(7) ψ d ( t ) = ψ a ( t ) = ∫ ( ua (τ ) − Ria (τ ) )dτ 0.2
ψ b(ib) irated
0
t
ψ q ( t ) = ψ b ( t ) = ∫ ( ub (τ ) − Rib (τ ) )dτ
0
(8) 0 1 2 3 4 5
Winding current i [A]
0
Fig.5. Phase a winding ψa(ia) and phase b winding ψb(ib) unique flux
Figs. 3 and 4 present by the abovementioned method
linkage characteristics, when the d-axis was aligned with the
determined current dependant magnetic flux linkage magnetic axis of the phase a winding
characteristic in form of hysteresis loops for the d- and q-
axis, respectively. Inverter topology
The model inductances in d- and q-axis were then easily The only drawback of using a two-phase SRM is that the
calculated from the two winding flux linkages ψarated and drive requires the usage of a two-phase inverter, which is
ψbrated at the winding rated current irated (9), which is constructed of two single-phase inverters; one for the
presented in Fig. 5. supply of each of the two orthogonal SRM phase-windings.
Therefore the two-phase inverter requires the usage of
ψ arated ψ brated eight transistors (Fig. 6). Standard inverters used for
(9) Ld = ; Lq =
irated irated supplying standard wye-connected three-phase SRMs
require the usage of only six transistors.

208 PRZEGLĄD ELEKTROTECHNICZNY, ISSN 0033-2097, R. 84 NR 12/2008


Fig.6. Schematical presentation of a two-phase inverter
Conclusion
The paper presented the advantages and
disadvantages of using a two-phase stator winding in a
SRM drive based on the comparison to the usage of a
three-phase stator winding. The derivation of the two-phase
SRM lumped parameter dynamic model and the
experimental determination of the model parameters were
presented. The two-phase SRM is distinguished by
independent stator phase-currents, which can be measured
and independently controlled. Furthermore, the two-phase
SRM inductances can be easily determined by
measurements directly on the terminals. On the other hand,
the facts that the two-phase SRM is not an of-the-shelf
motor and that the two-phase inverter requires higher
number of transistors may be disadvantageous when
compared to the standard three-phase SRM drive.
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Authors: Dr. Tine Marčič, TECES, Pobreška cesta 20, SI-2000
Maribor, Slovenia, E-mail: tine.marcic@teces.si; Assist. Prof. Dr.
Bojan Štumberger, University of Maribor, Faculty of Electrical
Engineering and Computer Science, Smetanova ulica 17, SI-2000
Maribor, Slovenia, E-mail: bojan.stumberger@uni-mb.si; Full Prof.
Dr. Gorazd Štumberger, University of Maribor, Faculty of Electrical
Engineering and Computer Science, Smetanova ulica 17, SI-2000
Maribor, Slovenia, E-mail: gorazd.stumberger@uni-mb.si; Assit.
Prof. Dr. Miralem Hadžiselimović, University of Maribor, Faculty of
Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Smetanova ulica 17,
SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia, E-mail: miralem.h@uni-mb.si; Peter
Virtič, TECES, Pobreška cesta 20, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia, E-
mail: peter.virtic@teces.si; Janko Horvat, TECES, Pobreška cesta
20, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia, E-mail: janko.horvat@teces.si; Full
Prof. Dr. Drago Dolinar, University of Maribor, Faculty of Electrical
Engineering and Computer Science, Smetanova ulica 17, SI-2000
Maribor, Slovenia, E-mail: dolinar@uni-mb.si; Full Prof. Dr. Ivan
Zagradišnik, University of Maribor, Faculty of Electrical Engineering
and Computer Science, Smetanova ulica 17, SI-2000 Maribor,
Slovenia, E-mail: ivan.zagradisnik@uni-mb.si.
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