QuPROBLEMS:

0.1 Exponents:
Use the exponent rules to simplify the following expressions:

1). (-3x⁴y²)²
sol.
= (-3x⁴y²)²
= 9x⁸y⁴ Ans

2). (2³4²)²÷8⁴
Sol.
= (2³4²)²÷8⁴
= 4 Ans

3). (4x²/2y³)²
sol.
= (4x²/2y³)²
= 16x⁴/y⁶ Ans

4). (-x²y⁴/xy‐²)³
sol.
= (-x²y⁴/xy‐²)³
= (-x².x‐¹.y⁴.y²)³
= -x³y¹⁸ Ans

0.2 Scientific Notation and Powers of 10:

Express the following expressions in Scientific notation

5). 475000
sol.
=475000
=4.75×10⁵ Ans

6). 0.00000472
sol.
=0.00000472
=4.72×10‐⁶ Ans

7). 123×10‐⁶
sol.
= 8.3×10⁵/7.8×10²
= 8.3/7.8×10⁵‐²
= 1.01×10³ Ans

8). 8.3×10⁵/7.8×10²
sol
0.3 Algebra:
Solve the following equations using any methods:
9). 4x+6=9x-14
QuestioEsol.
4x+6=9x-14
4x-9x=-14-6
-5x=-20
5x=20
x=4 Ans

10). F=9/5 C+32 ( solve for C)

sol.
F=9/5 C+32
F-32=9/5 C
C=5/9(F-32) Ans
11). 4x²+6=3x²+18
sol.
4x²+6=3x²+18
4x²-3x²=18-6
x²=12
x=2(3)½ Ans

12.-196=9.8t^2
Sol.
-196 = (-98/10)t²
-1960/-98 = t²
t² = 20
√t² = √20
t = 2√5

16).16. 5x 4y 1, 6y 10x 4

Ans;
To solve the simultaneous equations using the substitution method, you can follow these
steps:

1. Solve one of the equations for one of the variables. Let's solve the second equation for y:

6y + 10x = 4
6y = 4 - 10x
y = (4 - 10x)/6
y = (2 - 5x)/3

2. Now that you have y expressed in terms of x, you can substitute this expression into the
first equation:

5x + 4y = 1
5x + 4((2 - 5x)/3) = 1

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3. Solve for x:

5x + (8/3 - (20/3)x) = 1

To get rid of fractions, multiply the entire equation by 3:

15x + 8 - 20x = 3

4. Combine like terms:

-5x + 8 = 3

5. Subtract 8 from both sides:

-5x = 3 - 8
-5x = -5

6. Divide by -5:

x=1

Now that you've found the value of x, you can substitute it back into one of the original
equations to solve for y. Let's use the second equation:

6y + 10x = 4
6y + 10(1) = 4
6y + 10 = 4

Subtract 10 from both sides:

6y = 4 - 10
6y = -6

Divide by 6:

y = -1

So, the solution to the simultaneous equations is x = 1 and y = -1

0.4 Direct, Inverse, and Inverse-Square

Relationships:
18)if x is directly to y,where x is 2 when y=10 what will x if y=8?
Given data:
x1=2, y1=10 y2=8
To Find:
x2=?

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Solution:
x1/y2=x2/y2
2/10=X2/8
x2=2/10*8
x2=8/5
x2=1.6
19).
Given data :
F1 = 80N
x1 = 0.02cm
x2 = 0.05cm
To find :
F2 = ?
Solution :
F1/x1 = F2/x2
F2 = (80×0.05) ÷ 0.02
F2 = 200N. Ans
_ ____________________ _
QUESTION NO 20:
SOLUTION:
GIVEN DATA:
V1=4.0 litres
T1=100 K
T2=300 K
REQUIRED:
V2=?
FORMULA:
according to Charles's law,
"The volume of an ideal gas is directly proportional to the absolute temperature
at constant pressure."
so,

CALCULATIONS:
by putting the values in formula

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 V1/T1=V2/T2
by arranging
V2=V1*T2/T1
so,
V2=4.0*300/100
V2=1200/100
● V2=12 litres. ANSWER
_ __________________ _

21.Amplitude is inversely proportional to distance.

Let A1 be the original amplitude (4.8 x 10^-6 m) and D1 be the original distance (1.0 m). Let
A2 be the new amplitude (which we want to find) and D2 be the new distance (4.0 m).

The inverse proportionality can be expressed as:

A1 * D1 = A2 * D2

Now, plug in the values:

(4.8 x 10-⁶ m) * (1.0 m) = A2 * (4.0 m)

Solving for A2:

A2 = (4.8 x 10-⁶ m) * (1.0 m) / (4.0 m)

A2 = (4.8 x 10-⁶ m) / 4.0

A2 = 1.2 x 10-⁶ m

So, the displacement amplitude of the sound wave at a distance of 4.0 m from the source is
1.2 x 10-⁶
Question
0.5 Logarithmic and Exponential Functions:
Question no 24:
Use the properties of logarithms and write each expression in terms of logarithms of
x,y,z.
(b).log(√x³ y⁷)

Solution:
= ½ log(x³y⁷)
= ½(logx³ +logy⁷)
= ½(3 log x+7log)
= 3/2logx +7/2 logy

Question number 26
β=10 log(I/10-¹²),find “β.”when I=10-⁴

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Solution :
I = 10-⁴
β = 10 log (10-⁴/10-¹²)
Questionqβ = 10 (log 10-⁴ -log 10-¹²)
β = 10{(-4 log 10 -(-12)log 10)}
β = 10 (-4(1)+12(1))
β = 10(8)
β = 80
Question number 31 :
base=30cm
height=?
angle from x axis=36
Solution:
As we know that tan theta = perp/ base
Tan theta=h/30cm
Tan 36×30 cm= h
h= 21.83:
Question number 24(a) :
log(x⁴y²z⁸)
Solution:
=log(x⁴y²z⁸)
=logx⁴+logy²+logz⁸
=4logx+2logy+8logz
Question no.25(a):

4logx+logy-3log(x+y)
=Logx⁴+logy-³log(x+y)³
=Log[x⁴y/(x+y)³]

Question number 22 :
Given data :
I=k/r*r
r1=0.40m
I1=60Iux
r2=1.80m
To find :
I2=?
Using formula :
I1r1^2=I2r2^2
I2=I1r1^2
Solution :
I2=60*(0.40^2)/(1.80^2)
=60*016/3.24
=9.6/3.24
I2=2.95Iux
Question number 13:

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 x^2-5x+6
x^2-3x-2x+6=0
x(x-3)-2(x-3)=0
x-2=0 ,x-3=0
x=2 ,x=3

Question no # 30

A right triangle has a hypotenuse of length 20 cm and another side of length 16 cm.
Determine the third side of triangle and the other two angles of triangle.

Using a pythagorean theorem:

c² =a²+b²

b²=c²-a²

b²=(20)²- (16)²

b²=400-256

b× =144

b= 12cm

So the third side is 12 cm.

The angle opposite the side of 12cm

Sinθ = perpendicular/hypotenuse

Sinθ =12/20

θ = sin^-1(12/20)

θ = 36.86

The right angle is already known that is 90°

So remaining angle can be found from the sum of angles of triangle that is:

θ' = 180-90-θ

θ' = 180-90-36.86

θ' = 53.14

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Question no # 17
x/2+y/3=2
2x-y=1
From equation 2,
2x-y=1
2x-1=y
Put the equation 2 into equation 1,
x/2+2x-⅓=2
3x+(2x-1)(2)/6=2
3x+4x-2/6=2
7x-2\6=2
7x-2=12
7x=14
x=2
Put the value of x into equation 2,
2x-1=y
2(2)-1=y
4-1=y
y=3
So,
x=2,
Y=3

Question no #23

Given data:

F=700N
h=6000km
h=6*10⁶m
R=6.38*10⁶m

Required:

F'=?

Solution:

d=h+R
d=(6*10⁶)+(6.38*10⁶)
d=1.238*10⁷m
Now we calculate Force :

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F=k/d²

F=(700)*(6.38*10⁶)²/ (1.238*10⁷)²

F=186 N