.

CHAPTER 5
CONTINUITY AND DIFFERENTIATION

POINTS TO REMEMBER
 A function f(x) is said to be continuous at x = c iff lim (x) =f (c)
→

60
i.e., lim ( ) = lim ( )= ( )
→ →

E3
 f(x) is continuous in (a, b) iff it is continuous at x = c ∀ c ∈ (a,b).

 f(x) is continuous in [a, b] iff

ID
(i) f(x) is continuous in (a, b)

(ii) lim ( )= ( )
U
→

lim ( )= ( )
YG

(iii)
→

 Modulus functions is Continuous on R

 Trigonometric functions are continuous in their respective domains.

D

 Exponential function is continuous on R

U

 Every polynomial function is continuous on R.

ST

 Greatest integer functions is continuous on all non-integral real numbers

 If f (x) and g (x) are two continuous functions at x = a and c ∈ R then

(i) f (x) ± g (x) are also continuous functions at x = a.

(ii) g (x) . f (x), f (x) + c, cf (x), | f (x)| are also continuous at x = a.

( )
(iii) ( )
is continuous at x = a provided g(a) ≠ 0.

46 [Class XII : Maths]

 f (x) is derivable at x = c in its domain iff

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
lim = lim , and is finite
→ →

The value of above limit is denoted by f ´(c) and is called the derivative
of f(x) at x = c.

 (u. v) = u. + v. (Product Rule)

60
. .
 = (Quotient Rule)

 If y= f(u) and u=g(t) then = ×

E3
= f (u)g (t) (Chain Rule)
ID
 If y =f(u), x=g(u) then,
U
( )
= × =
( )
YG

 Rolle’s theorem: If f (x) is continuous in [ a, b], derivable in (a, b) and

f (a) = f (b) then there exists at least one real number c ∈ (a, b) such that
´ (c) = 0.
D

 Mean Value Theorem: If f (x) is continuous in [a, b] and derivable in

U

(a, b) then there exists at least one real number c ∈ (a, b) such that
ST

( )− ( )
( )=
−

VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (1 MARK)

1. Let f(x) = sin x Cos x. write down the set of points of discontinuity of f (x).

2. Given f (x) = , write down the set of points of discontinuity of f (f(x)).

47 [Class XII : Maths]

 ≠0
3. For what value(s) of n, the function f(x) = ,
0, =0

Is continuous at x = 0.

4. Write the set of points of continuity of

( ) = | − 1| + | + 1|

60
5. Write the number of points of discontinuity of f(x) = [x] in [3, 7].

6. Differentiate Sin ( ) w.r.t. .

E3
( )
7. If = , find . ID
8. If ( ) = ( ) (1) = 6, ( ) = 3, ℎ (1).

9. If = , then find
U
YG

10. If = sin , = cos then find

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (4 MARKS)

D

11. Examine the continuity of the following functions at the indicated points.
U

( )= cos ≠0
(I) at =0
0 =0
ST

( )= −[ ] ≠0
(II) at =1
0 =1

( )= ≠0
(III) at =0
=0
0
( )
≠
( ) √
(IV) ( )= at =
= √
√ √

48 [Class XII : Maths]

12. For what values of constant K, the following functions are continuous at
the indicated points.

√ √
( )= <0
(I) at =0
>0

( )= ≠0
(II) ( ) at =0

60
=0

⎧ <0

E3
(III) ( )= =0 at =0
⎨ √
>0
⎩ √
ID
13. For what values a and b
U
| |
+ < −2
( )= + = −2
YG

+2 > −2
| |

Is continuous at = −2
D

14. Find the values of a, b and c for which the function

U

[( ) ]
⎧ <0
ST

( )= =0
⎨ √ √ >0
⎩

Is continuous at =0

15. ( ) = [ ] + [− ] ≠0
=0

Find the value of λ, f is continuous at =0?

49 [Class XII : Maths]

 ; <
16. Let ( ) = ; =
( )
( ) ; >

If ( ) is continuous at = , find a and b.

60
+3 + ≤1
17. If ( ) =
+2 >1

Is everywhere differentiable, find the value of a and b.

E3
18. For what value of p
ID
( )= sin(1⁄x) ≠0
is derivable at =0
0 =0
U
√
19. Differentiate tan w.r.t cos 2 √1 − where ≠ 0.
YG

20. If = , then find .

D

21. Differentiate ( cos ) + ( sin ) w.r.t. .

U

22. If ( + ) = . then prove that =

ST

23. If ( − ). = , prove that = + =2

24. If = tan log then show that

(1 + ) + (2 − ) =0

50 [Class XII : Maths]

25. If = log prove that = − .

.
26. Differentiate sin w.r.t .
( )

27. If √1 − + 1− = ( − ), prove that

60
=

E3
+1
28. If ( ) = + 1, ( ) = 2+1 and ℎ( ) = 2 − 3 find ℎ ( ) .
ID
29. If sec − cos and = − , then prove that =
U
30. If + + = , then find the value of .
YG

31. If = , = then find

√ √
D

32. If = tan where 0 < < find

√ √
U

33. If + = 1, then show that (1 − ) − − =0

ST

34. Verify Rolle’s theorem for the function

( )= sin 2 0, 2

35. Verify mean value theorem for the function

( )=√ −4 [2,4]

51 [Class XII : Maths]

36. If the Rolle’s theorem holds for the function

1
( )= + + + 5 on [1,3] with = 2+
3

Fin the value of a and b.

37. If = +√ +1 , show that ( + 1) + − = 0.

60
2
3 +4 1−
38. Differentiate sin−1 5
w.r.t .

E3
39. If = , prove that =(
ID )

40. If : [−5,5] → is a differentiable function and ( ) does not vanish

anywhere, then prove that (−5) ≠ (5).
U
YG

ANSWERS
1. { }
D

2. R
U

−5
3. −2,
2
ST

4.

5. Points of discontinuity of ( ) are 4,5,6,7

Note- At = 3, ( ) = [ ] is continuous because lim ( ) = 3 = (3)

→

6.

52 [Class XII : Maths]

7. 5

8. 15

9. (1 + log )

10. – cot

60
11. (I) Continuous

(II) Discontinuous

E3
(III) Not Continuous at =0

(IV) Continuous
ID
12. (I) K = -1
U
(II) K =1 2
YG

(III) K=8

13. = 0, = −1
D

14. = , = − {0}, =
U

15. = −1
ST

16. = , =4

17. = 3, =5

18. P>1

19. −

53 [Class XII : Maths]

20. (1 + log ) log +

1+ − ( )
21. ( cos ) [1 − tan + (log cos )] + ( sin ) 2

26. log 6 [Hint: tan =6 ]

( )

60
28.
√

E3
( )
30. =

31. =
ID
32. −1
U
2
YG

36. = 11, = −6

38.
√
D
U
ST

54 [Class XII : Maths]