Tirol etal O-DU (OPEN-DISTRIBUTE Rahul Kaundal TAL, ACCESS PROCEDURE Cr rtoee roatelcotech ‘O-DU - Ithas both the functionality of Layer 1 (Higher Physical layer) and Layer 2 (RLC & MAC). Q-DU Layer 4 Layer 1 functional blocks : eer] ‘a. PDCCH - Physical Common Control Channel b. PDSCH - Physical Downlink Shared Channel DL Reference Signals 4. PUCC# Physical Uplink Control Channel . PUSCH ~ Physical Uplink Shared Channel f. UL Reference Signals Downlink 5 itelcotech Physi downlink control channel (PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel - conveys Downlink Control information (OCI). It carries information such as scheduling information and resource grant to UE. The POCCH incitides one or more contro} channel elements (CCE, consists of 6 resource element group) and have different aggregation levels as shown in table. PDCCH use Polar codes, which combine many instances (bits) to get a useful information (noiseless bits) CORESET (Control Resource Set) is a set of physical Treauoney resources within a specific area in Downlink Resource 1 Grid and carry PDCCH (DCN). NR PDCCtis are specifically Cw designed to transmit in a configurable CORSET. cemrreoed PDCCH can also be used to for - + Notifying UES of the slot format + Notifying UEs of the PRB(s) and OFDM symbol(s) where no transmission is intended + Transmission of TPC commands for PUCCH and PUSCH 1 + Transmission of ane or more TPC commands for SRS: \ | transmissions oy one or more UES u ombote + Switening a UE's active bandwidth part ‘Slot wit) CORESET in fst symbol + Initiating a random-access procecure . itelcotech Barowi pat PDSOH URS PoscH POSCH PDSOH DSO POSCH POSOH POSOH MS POSCH POSCHLeake tala Physical downlink shared channel(PDSCH) & Reference Signals Physical Downlink Shared Channel- User bit stream (Transport block or Payload) received from MAC sublayer over transport channels are sent to the L1 PDSCH physical channels and output generated as IQ data (Quadrature signals). crete There are multiple steps performed while processing TBs - oe CCRC - Cyclic redundancy check - error detection eet ‘Segmentation of TBs - two TBs are used in spatial multiplexing 7 LDPC Encoder - error correction (after CRC and parity check) Seer Rate Matching - match radio frame size with TB size (number of code bits to schedule) 7 Scrambler - use of different scrambling codes reduces interference & improve processing gals ems Modulation rapper — transforms block of scrambled bits into sodulation symbols 7 Layer Mapper - distribute modulation symbols across different transmission layers = RE Mapper ~ modulation symbols are transmitted on antenna ports and map to available RES 7 Downlink Reference Signals - The downlink reference signals are used to estimate channel and retrieve data in broadcast, common and shared channels. + Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS) for PDSCH, POCCH and PBCH {to demodulate them) L. + Phase Tracking Reference Signal (PTRS) - phase noise compensatior? (occurs with DMRS) == + Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS) - CSI-RS received by UE is used for “ interference estimation and provide support for beam management and mobility —— 7 Physical uplink control channel & Reference Signals Physical Uplink Control Channel - conveys Uplink Control Information (UCI. PUCCH carries service/UCI Payload such as HARQ/Scheduling Requests/Modulation/PRB allecation/Channel State Information. Uplink Reference Signal - There are three different kind of UL Reference signals in 5G ~ + DMRS - Demodulation reference signal for PUSCH and PUCCH - The DMRS is specific for specific UE and is used to estimate the radio channel, + PTRS - Phase Tracking reference signal - The phase noise of a trarssmitter increases as the frequency of operation increases. The PTRS plays.a crucial role especially at mim Wave frequencies to “vinimize the effect of the oseiliator phase noise on system performance + SRS - Sounding Reference Signal - itis transmitted by the UE to help the gNB obtain the channel state information (CSI) for each user. Channel State Information describes how the NR signal propagates from the UE to the gNB and represents the combined effect of scattering, fading, and power decay with distance, The system Uses the SRS for resource scheduling, link adaptation, Massive MIMO, and beam management. .itelcotech Physical uplink chi d_ chan PUSCH) Physical Uplink Shared Channel - The frequency domain IQ data (Quadrature signals) received by the fronthaul module are sent to the L1 PUSCH processing functions here and the output of the PUSCH is the user bit stream/payload/transport block. separates reference Signal resource GEMM lemons (ORs Re) ERP om user data resource flements for channel ‘There are inultiple steps performed while processing this IQ data - stomatchtheracia HERS omesee wih DSM anspor block ize Ce sefelene channel ending Eades tat allon tranemicsion eros 0 becereced itelcotech RLC Protocol module - These modules handle processing related to SRB and DRB plane. RLC uses the logical channel for data transfer. MAC layer indicates the downlink data notification request for a logical channel along with the desired RUC PDU size. RLC segments optionally) the SDUs deperiding upon the size requested from MAC and sends the FLC PDUs to MAC. RLC layer forms SDUs by reassembling the received PDUs arid transmits SDUs to Upper Layer via F1 interface, Major tasks of RLC layer are ~ + Transfer of upper layer PDUS + Sequence numbering independent of the one in POCP (UM and AM) + Error Correction through ARQ (AM only) + Segmentation (AM and UM) and re-segmentation (AM only) of RLC SDUs Reassembly of SDU (AM and UM) Duplicate Detection (AM only) ALC re-estabisnment Protocal ervor detection (AM only) Three transmission modes supported by RLC are - a. TM Mode - Transparent Mode - For SRBO, paging, broadcast SI bb, UM Mode - Unacknowledged mode - For DBRs c. AM Mode - Acknowledged mode - For other SRBs and DRBs ‘The RLC configuration is per logical channel with ho dependency on numerologies and/or transmission durations, and ARQ can ‘ , item operate on arty numerologies and/or transmission durations the logical channel is configured with, ‘ayer astra DI (Ret SGPPD 10 telcotecitelcotech yer 2 functions - MAC MAC Protocol modules - MAC modules include RACH management, HARQ Management, DL and UL Data, BCCH/PCCHICCCH processing, MAC Transport Block formation, etc. Major tasks are ~ UE and Bearer Context Management: Stores the semi-statc information on a'r interface resources for the UE (QoS info) + HARQ Manageiment: By keeping track of HARQ feedback, timer and prrvide free HARQ processes information to the scheduler + RACH Manager: RACH (Preamble) resource management, CRNTI assignment, Message-2,3 4 resource allocation and handling, + CCCH Manager: Handles the DL and UL CCCH message and corresponding HARO. + Resource Assign: PDCCH, PDSCH, PUCCH and PUSCH Resource Assignment based on resource allocation from the scheduler. + MAC Encoder: It creates MAC Transport biock based on input from the scheduler. it interfaces with RLC to get RLC PDUs. + Demuitiplexer: Demultipiexing UL Transport block containing MAC CE and RLC PDUs + €Si Manager: Configuration of “Channel State information’ and informing the €SI feedback from UE to the scheduler. MAC Scheduler - NR Scheduler functional block has been further expanded into smaller functionsi sub-blocks to capture the scheduler functionality as meittioned below - +“ DUUL Resource Scheduler: This corresisonds to functionality of timé‘domain and frequency domain scheduling in DL and UL, Resouice scheduling is performed per scheduling period and for a single slot or multiple slots It may include functions such as beam selection, selecting of UEs and associated bearers per scheduling period, alocation of radio resources different channels. + DL/UL Link Adaptation (LA): Link Adaptation may be performed based on channel quality reported by UE or estimated at gNB corrected by SLER. LA would return effective MCS to be used for channel allocation to the UE. + ULTx Power Control: Performs Closed loop UL power control for PUSCH, SRS and PUCCH. It may estimate the UL Tx power based on UE feedback (eg: Power Headroom Report) or measured UL channel, + DL/UL MIMO Mode Control: Determines per UE the MIMO mode, in DL and UL, respectively, to be used along with the corresponding precoding matrix. + TAManager: Eating the TA Command for UE based on feedback from.Li using PUSCH, PUCCH and + Performance metrics (Capacity, throughpia etc, willbe dependent on software implementation and underlying hardware. " itelcotech