USMANU DANFODIYO UNIVERSITY, SOKOTO

C.O.E MINNA CAMPUS

DEPARTMENT OF GUIDANCE AND COUNSELLING

COURSE TITLE: ISSUES AND TREND IN BUSINESS EDUCATION

COURSE CODE: BUS 408

ASSIGNMENT

HAJI GIMBA NDAKO

19151405020
400 LEVEL

QUESTION
HISTORY OF BUSINESS EDUCATION IN NIGERIA, USA, CHINA,
INDIA AND BRITAIN.

MAY, 2023
Business education in Nigeria:

Business education in Nigeria can be traced back to the establishment of the Yaba Higher
College in 1932, which offered courses in commerce. However, it was not until the 1960s
that business education gained significant momentum. In 1962, the University of Lagos
established the Faculty of Business Administration, becoming the first institution in Nigeria
to offer a degree program in business administration. Since then, numerous universities and
institutions have introduced business-related courses and programs, focusing on various areas
such as finance, marketing, and entrepreneurship.

The history of business education in Nigeria can be traced back to the early 20th century,
although significant development and expansion occurred in subsequent decades. Here is an
extensive discussion of the history of business education in Nigeria:

1. Early Developments: The foundation of business education in Nigeria can be attributed

to the establishment of the Yaba Higher College in 1932. This institution offered courses
in commerce, which laid the groundwork for future business education initiatives.
However, business education was still in its infancy during this period, and there were
limited opportunities for formal training in business-related disciplines.

2. Expansion and Diversification: In the following decades, business education in Nigeria

experienced significant expansion and diversification. Several universities and
polytechnics across the country introduced business-related courses and programs,
catering to the growing demand for skilled business professionals. The University of Ife
(now Obafemi Awolowo University) and the University of Benin were among the
institutions that established business schools during this period.

3. Professional Associations and Accreditation: The establishment of professional

associations and accreditation bodies played a crucial role in shaping the quality and
standards of business education in Nigeria. The Nigerian Institute of Management (NIM)
was founded in 1961, and it has since played a significant role in promoting management
education and professional development. The National Universities Commission (NUC)
and the National Board for Technical Education (NBTE) were established as regulatory
bodies to ensure quality standards in business education.

4. Introduction of MBA Programs: In the 1980s and 1990s, Master of Business

Administration (MBA) programs gained prominence in Nigeria. These programs, often
offered by prestigious institutions, provided advanced business education and became
highly sought after by professionals looking to enhance their managerial skills.
Institutions such as the Lagos Business School, the University of Nigeria, Nsukka, and
the Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, introduced MBA programs during this period.
 5. Emphasis on Entrepreneurship: With the recognition of entrepreneurship as a catalyst
for economic growth and job creation, there has been a growing emphasis on
entrepreneurship education in Nigeria. Business schools and institutions have introduced
entrepreneurship courses and programs to nurture and develop entrepreneurial skills
among students. The entrepreneurship ecosystem has also expanded with the
establishment of incubators, accelerators, and entrepreneurship development centers
across the country.

HISTORY Business education in USA:

The history of business education in the United States dates back to the late 19th century
when business schools emerged to meet the demand for professional training in commerce
and industry. The Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania is considered the first
collegiate business school, founded in 1881. Over the years, business education in the US
expanded rapidly, with many universities offering specialized business programs, including
Harvard Business School and the Stanford Graduate School of Business. The development of
case-based teaching methods and the emphasis on practical skills have been notable features
of business education in the US.

The history of business education in the United States is rich and diverse, with a long
tradition of academic excellence and innovation. Let's explore the extensive history of
business education in the USA:

1. Early Beginnings: The origins of business education in the United States can be traced
back to the late 19th century, during a period of rapid industrialization and economic
growth. Business schools emerged to meet the demand for professional training in
commerce and industry. One notable institution from this era is the Wharton School of
the University of Pennsylvania, which was founded in 1881 as the first collegiate
business school in the world.

2. Rise of University-Based Business Schools: In the early 20th century, university-based

business schools gained prominence across the United States. These institutions sought to
combine academic rigor with practical business skills. Harvard Business School,
established in 1908, became a pioneer in this movement, introducing the case-based
teaching method and emphasizing the application of theory to real-world business
problems.

3. Development of Academic Disciplines: During the early to mid-20th century, business

education underwent further development in terms of academic disciplines. Specialized
fields such as finance, marketing, accounting, and management began to emerge,
reflecting the growing complexity of business operations. Business schools expanded
their curricula to incorporate these disciplines, offering specialized courses and degree
programs.
 4. Growth of MBA Programs: In the mid-20th century, Master of Business Administration
(MBA) programs gained popularity as a sought-after degree for aspiring business leaders.
These programs provided a comprehensive understanding of various business disciplines
and offered networking opportunities. Prominent business schools such as Stanford
Graduate School of Business, Columbia Business School, and Kellogg School of
Management played a crucial role in shaping the MBA landscape.

5. Expansion of Business Education: Business education continued to expand in the latter

half of the 20th century, with the establishment of new business schools and the
diversification of programs. Universities across the country introduced undergraduate
business degrees, executive education programs, and specialized master's degrees in
fields like finance, marketing, and entrepreneurship.

Business education in China:

Business education in China has experienced significant growth and transformation in recent
decades. Following the economic reforms initiated in the late 1970s, China recognized the
importance of business education to foster economic development. In 1984, the China
Europe International Business School (CEIBS) became the first institution to offer an MBA
program in China, in collaboration with the European Foundation for Management
Development. Since then, numerous business schools have emerged across China, offering
programs that cater to both domestic and international students. Today, business education in
China focuses on areas such as finance, international business, and entrepreneurship.

Business education in China has undergone significant development and transformation over
the years. The history of business education in China can be divided into several distinct
phases, each characterized by different approaches, policies, and influences. Let's explore
these phases in detail:

1. Early Beginnings (Late 19th to Early 20th Century): Business education in China can
be traced back to the late 19th and early 20th centuries when Western ideas and
educational systems started to influence China. Christian missionaries played a
significant role in introducing modern business concepts to Chinese society. They
established schools that included business courses, primarily focused on accounting,
bookkeeping, and trade.

2. Establishment of Modern Business Education (Early to Mid-20th Century): The

establishment of modern business education in China can be attributed to the efforts of
key educational institutions and intellectuals. In 1903, Shiwu Shuyuan (Fudan
University's predecessor) founded the first modern business school, offering courses such
as economics, finance, and commerce. In 1917, Peking University established the
Department of Commerce, which later evolved into the Guanghua School of
 Management. These institutions laid the foundation for formal business education in
China.

3. Influence of Soviet-Style Education (1949-1978): Following the establishment of the

People's Republic of China in 1949, China adopted a planned economy and looked to the
Soviet Union as a model for education. Soviet-style education heavily emphasized
engineering and technical disciplines, while business and management education took a
backseat. Business education was largely incorporated into economics programs within
universities.

4. Economic Reforms and Opening Up (Late 1970s onwards): With the launch of
economic reforms in the late 1970s, China shifted its focus towards market-oriented
reforms and opened up to global influences. This period marked the resurgence of
business education. In 1979, the first MBA program in China was launched at the
Shanghai Jiao Tong University. The government encouraged collaborations with foreign
universities to import business education models and attract foreign investment.

5. Rapid Growth and Diversification (1990s to Present): Since the 1990s, business
education in China has experienced rapid growth and diversification. Numerous
universities established business schools and MBA programs, both in collaboration with
international partners and independently. The Chinese government promoted
entrepreneurship and innovation, leading to a surge in specialized programs in areas such
as finance, marketing, international business, and entrepreneurship. Many Chinese
universities also attained international accreditation and gained recognition on the global
stage.

Business education in India:

Business education in India has a long history, with roots dating back to the establishment of
the Indian Institute of Management (IIM) in Calcutta in 1961. IIM Calcutta was the first
management institute in the country and served as a model for the subsequent establishment
of IIMs in other cities. These institutions played a crucial role in shaping business education
in India, emphasizing case-based learning and management principles. Today, India has a
wide range of business schools and management institutes offering various programs,
including the prestigious Indian Institutes of Management and other reputed institutions like
the Indian School of Business.

The history of business education in India is a fascinating journey that showcases the
country's evolution in response to economic and societal changes. Let's delve into the various
phases and developments in the history of business education in India:

1. Early Beginnings (Pre-Independence): Business education in India has its roots in the
colonial era. The first business school, Sydenham College of Commerce and Economics,
 was established in Mumbai in 1913. During this period, business education primarily
focused on commerce and accounting, catering to the needs of the colonial administration
and mercantile class.

2. Post-Independence Era (1950s-1980s): After India gained independence in 1947, the

country adopted a socialist economic model, which had a profound impact on business
education. The government emphasized engineering and technical education, with
business education taking a backseat. However, a few universities and institutes
continued to offer commerce and management programs. The Indian Institutes of
Management (IIMs) were established during this period, with the first IIM being set up in
Calcutta in 1961.

3. Liberalization and Globalization (1990s onwards): The liberalization and globalization

reforms initiated in 1991 marked a turning point for business education in India. The
government opened up the economy, paving the way for increased foreign investment
and collaborations. This led to a significant expansion and diversification of business
education. Foreign universities and business schools entered into partnerships with Indian
institutions, bringing global standards and pedagogical approaches to the country.

4. Proliferation of Business Schools and Programs: The 1990s witnessed a surge in the
establishment of business schools and programs across India. Both public and private
universities introduced management programs at undergraduate and postgraduate levels.
The Indian School of Business (ISB) in Hyderabad, established in 2001, emerged as a
premier institution offering a world-class MBA program.

5. Specializations and Industry Focus: As the Indian economy diversified and matured,
business education in India responded by offering specialized programs in various fields
such as finance, marketing, human resources, operations, and entrepreneurship. Business
schools also developed industry-specific programs to cater to sectors like healthcare,
retail, information technology, and hospitality.

Business education in Britain:

Business education in Britain has a rich heritage, influenced by the country's industrial and
colonial history. The roots of business education can be traced back to the 18th century with
the establishment of institutions like the London School of Economics and Political Science
(LSE) in 1895 and the University of Cambridge Judge Business School in 1990. In the post-
World War II era, business education expanded further with the establishment of business
schools like the London Business School and the Cranfield School of Management. The
British business education system is known for its rigorous academic approach and the
emphasis on research-based learning.
The history of business education in Britain is long and rich, with the country being one of
the pioneers in establishing formal business education programs. Let's explore the key phases
and developments in the history of business education in Britain:

1. Development of Business and Management Programs: In the early 20th century,

business education expanded beyond economics and commerce to include management-
focused programs. In 1916, the University of Manchester established the Manchester
Business School, which became one of the first institutions in Britain to offer a
specialized degree in business administration.

2. Influence of American Business Schools: The establishment of American business

schools and their influence on management education had a significant impact on Britain.
The Harvard Business School, founded in 1908, pioneered the case study method, which
gained popularity in British business education as well. British institutions drew
inspiration from American business schools' curriculum, pedagogy, and research,
incorporating elements of the American model into their programs.

3. Post-War Expansion and Global Recognition: After World War II, business education
in Britain experienced significant expansion. Several universities and colleges introduced
business and management programs to meet the rising demand for skilled professionals.
In 1964, the Association of Business Schools (ABS) was established to promote
excellence in business education and facilitate collaboration among institutions. British
business schools gained global recognition for their academic rigor and research
contributions.

4. Emergence of MBA Programs: The Master of Business Administration (MBA) degree

gained prominence in Britain in the 1960s and 1970s. The University of Bradford
launched the UK's first full-time MBA program in 1963, followed by the University of
Edinburgh and London Business School. The MBA became a sought-after qualification
for aspiring business leaders, blending theoretical knowledge with practical skills.

5. Diversification and Specializations: In recent decades, British business schools have

diversified their offerings and introduced specialized programs catering to different
industries and disciplines. Programs in finance, marketing, entrepreneurship, international
business, and sustainability have gained prominence. Institutions like the University of
Cambridge's Judge Business School and the Said Business School at the University of
Oxford have gained international recognition for their specialized programs and research.