Psychiatry 2 Midterms

[ Feeding and Eating Disorders 💀Neurocognitive Disorder 💀 Human Sexuality and Sexual Dysfunction 💀
Childhood Disorders 💀 Normal Sleep and Sleeping Disorders ]

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Feeding and Eating Disorders [MD2024]

1. True of pica, EXCEPT: Includes mouthing of objects by infants → False. A

a. Includes mouthing of objects by infants
b. It is identified only when medical
problems such as intestinal obstruction,
intestinal infections, poisonings arise
c. More common among children and
adolescents with autism spectrum
disorder and intellectual disability
minimum of 2 years of age to exclude developmentally
appropriate mouthing of objects by infants that may
accidentally result in ingestion.
It is identified only when medical problems such as
intestinal obstruction, intestinal infections, poisonings
arise → True

E
d. Affect both sexes equally More common among children and adolescents with
autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability →
True

L
Affect both sexes equally → True

SA
2. When the eating of non-nutritive, non-food Anorexia nervosa
substances is primarily used as a means of - Some presentations of anorexia nervosa
weight control in anorexia nervosa, what should include ingestion of nonnutritive, nonfood
substances, such as paper tissues, as a
be the primary diagnosis?
means of attempting to control appetite. In
a. Ruminative disorder such cases, when the eating of nonnutritive,
b. Pica nonfood substances is primarily used as a
c. Bulimia nervosa means of weight control, anorexia nervosa
d. Anorexia nervosa should be the primary diagnosis.
R
Ruminative disorder
- Effortless and painless regurgitation of
partially digested food into the mouth soon
FO

after a meal, which is either swallowed or spit

out.
- In children and adolescents – considered a
functional GI disorder
Pica
- Persistent of nonnutritive substances
- identified only when medical problems such
as intestinal obstruction, intestinal infections,
or poisonings arise.
T

Bulimia nervosa
- The binge eating and inappropriate
compensatory behaviors both occur, on
O

average, at least once a week for 3 months.

N

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[ Feeding and Eating Disorders 💀Neurocognitive Disorder 💀 Human Sexuality and Sexual Dysfunction 💀
Childhood Disorders 💀 Normal Sleep and Sleeping Disorders ]

3. It is considered as a functional GI disorder in Ruminative disorder

children and adolescents. - Effortless and painless regurgitation of
a. Avoidant /Restrictive Food Intake partially digested food into the mouth soon
after a meal, which is either swallowed or spit
disorder
out.
b. Pica - In children and adolescents – considered a
c. Rumination disorder functional GI disorder
d. Anorexia nervosa Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake
- Characterized by a lack of interest in food, or
its avoidance based on the sensory features
of the food or the perceived consequences of
eating.
- Outright food refusal, food selectivity, eating
too little, food avoidance, delayed
self-feeding

E
-
Pica
- Persistent of nonnutritive substances

L
- identified only when medical problems such
as intestinal obstruction, intestinal infections,
or poisonings arise.

SA
Anorexia nervosa
- Self-induced starvation to a significant
degree
- Relentless drive for thinness or a morbid fear
of fatness
- Presence of medical signs and symptoms
resulting from starvation
R
4. There is significant weight loss in the following, Bulimia nervosa - maintains weight within the normal
EXCEPT: range.
a. Rumination disorder
FO

Anorexia nervosa - 70% weight loss

b. Anorexia nervosa
c. Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Rumination disorder - Weight loss and failure to make
disorder expected weight gains are common features in infants.
d. Bulimia nervosa
Avoidant/Restrictive food intake - Significant weight
loss (or failure to achieve expected weight gain or
faltering growth in children).
T

5. The following are trait related, EXCEPT:

a. Serotonin changes in anorexia nervosa AN BN
b. Serotonin changes in bulimia nervosa
O

c. Dopamine changes in anorexia nervosa Serotonin + trait -

d. Dopamine changes in bulimia nervosa
Dopamine + +
N

* AN might have a trait toward imbalance between

5-HT (srotonin) & DA pathways

6. Seen in anorexia nervosa, EXCEPT: Intense fear of gaining weight → DSM criteria b:
a. Intense fear of gaining weight Intense fear of gaining weight, or becoming fat, or
b. Ritualistic exercising persistent behavior that onterferes with weight gain,
even though at a significantly low weight.
c. Sexually active
d. Abuse laxatives Ritualistic exercising → Restricting Type AN

Sexually active → Poor sexual adjustment

Abuse laxatives → Purging type AN

7. Seen in bulimia nervosa: Bulimia nervosa

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[ Feeding and Eating Disorders 💀Neurocognitive Disorder 💀 Human Sexuality and Sexual Dysfunction 💀
Childhood Disorders 💀 Normal Sleep and Sleeping Disorders ]

a. Strict superego
b. Significant weight loss Strict superego → lack superego
c. Describe parents as neglectful and
Significant weight loss → maintains weight within the
rejecting
normal range.
d. Poor sexual adjustment
Describe parents as neglectful and rejecting →Families
of patients with bulimia nervosa are generally less
close and more conflictual than the families of those
with anorexia nervosa.; describe parents as neglectful
and rejecting.

Poor sexual adjustment

8. Benchmark first-line treatment for bulimia Bulimia Nervosa Treatment

E
nervosa: Psychotherapy
a. SSRI
b. Olanzapine

L
COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL Benchmark, first line treatment
THERAPY
c. Dynamic psychotherapy
d. Cognitive behavioral therapy DYNAMIC Limited success

SA
PSYCHOTHERAPY

OTHER > “stepped-care” programs

> Telemedicine
> Internet-based platforms

9. Most common eating disorder Binge eating disorder

a. Pica - Recurrent binge eating during which they eat
R
b. Anorexia nervosa an abnormally large amount of food over a
short time.
c. Binge eating disorder
- Do not compensate (e.g. laxatives,)
d. Rumination disorder - Most common eating disorder
FO

- 50-75% with severe obesity; more common in

females

10. Frequent episode of weight cycling is seen in: Features of Binge Eating Disorders
a. Bulimia nervosa ● Eating more rapidly than normal and to the
b. Binge eating disorder point of being uncomfortably full
● Eating large amounts of food even when not
c. Rumination disorder
T

hungry
d. Avoidant/restrictive food intake ● Eating alone
● Feeling guilty or otherwise upset
O

● Frequent episode of weight cycling

● Associated with insomnia, early menarche,
neck or shoulder and lower back pain, chronic
muscle pain, and metabolic disorders.
N

Feeding and Eating Disorder [MD2022]

1. Intense fear of gaining weight Anorexia nervosa Diagnostic Criteris DSM V

a. Anorexia A. Restriction of energy intake relative to
b. Both requirements, leading to a significantly low
body weight in the context of age, sex,
c. Neither
developmental trajectory, and physical
d. Bulimia health. Significantly low weight is defined as
a weight that is less than minimally normal
for children and adolescents.
B. Intense fear of gaining weight, or becoming
fat, or persistent behavior that interferes with
weight gain, even though at a significantly
low weight.
C. Disturbance in the way in which one’s body

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Childhood Disorders 💀 Normal Sleep and Sleeping Disorders ]

weight or shape is experienced, undue

influence of body weight or shape on
self-evaluation, or persistent lack of
recognition of the seriousness of the current
low body weight.

2. Persistent eating of non-nutritive and Anorexia nervosa

non-food substance:. - Some presentations of anorexia nervosa
a. Neither include ingestion of nonnutritive, nonfood
substances, such as paper tissues, as a
b. Both
means of attempting to control appetite. In
c. Anorexia such cases, when the eating of nonnutritive,
d. Bulimia nonfood substances is primarily used as a
means of weight control, anorexia nervosa
should be the primary diagnosis.

E
Bullimia
- Episodes of binge eating combined with
inappropriate ways of stopping weight gain.

L
- Difficulty in impulse control manifested in
substance abuse, and self-destructive sexual
relationships

SA
3. Binge eating: Probablly both
a. Both Anorexia
b. Anorexia - Subtypes
- Restricting type
c. Bulimia
- Binge eating/Purging Type
d. Neither - Binges usually occur secretly and often at
night and are frequently followed
- by self-induced vomiting
R
Bulimia
- Episodes of binge eating combined with
inappropriate ways of stopping weight gain.
FO

- Difficulty in impulse control manifested in

substance abuse, and self-destructive sexual
relationships

4. Self-induced vomiting: Binge-eating/Purging type AN

a. Bulimia - Binge eating, purging behavior (self-induced
b. Anorexia vomiting, abuse of laxatives, diuretics,
enemas)
c. Neither
- Binges usually occur secretly and often at
d. Both
T

night and are frequently followed by

self-induced vomiting
O

Bulimia
- Episodes of binge eating combined with
inappropriate ways of stopping weight gain.
- Difficulty in impulse control manifested in
N

substance abuse, and self-destructive sexual

relationships
- Sutypes:
- Purging Bulimics
- Engage in self-induced
vomiting, use of laxatives
or diuretics or enemas
- High risk of hypokalemia
from vomiting or laxative
abuse and hypochloremic
alkalosis; gastric and
esophageal tears
- Non-Purging Bulimics

5. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) can be

used in except:

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[ Feeding and Eating Disorders 💀Neurocognitive Disorder 💀 Human Sexuality and Sexual Dysfunction 💀
Childhood Disorders 💀 Normal Sleep and Sleeping Disorders ]

a. Obesity
Cognitive Behavior Therapy
b. Anorexia
c. None of the above Anorexia Monitoring is an essential component
d. Bulimia - food intake, feelings and emotions,
binging and purging behaviors, IPR

Cognitive restructuring

Problem solving

Buliimia Benchmark, first line treatment

6. Repeated regurgitation of food which may be
re-chewed, re-swallowed, or spit out:
a. All of the above
E
Rumination Disorder DSM V
a. Repeated regurgitation of food over a period
of at least 1 month. Regurgitated food may
be re-chewed, re-swallowed, or spit out.

L
b. None of the above
b. The repeated regurgitation is not attributable
c. Bulimia to an associated gastrointestinal or other
d. Anorexia medical condition (e.g., gastroesophageal

SA
e. Obesity reflux, pyloric stenosis).
c. The eating disturbance does not occur
exclusively during the course of anorexia
nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge-eating
disorder, or avoidant/restrictive food intal<e
disorder
d. If the symptoms occur in the context of
another mental disorder (e.g., intellectual
R
disability [Intellectual developmental
disorder] or another neurodevelopmental
disorder), they are sufficiently severe to
warrant additional clinical attention.
FO

7. Eating an amount of food larger than what Binge-eating disorder - Recurrent binge eating during
most people would eat with lack of sense of which they eat an abnormally large amount of
control over eating: food over a short time.
a. None of the above
b. Obesity
c. Binge-eating disorder
d. All of the above
T

8. Intestinal obstruction is caused by, except: Pica

a. Mechanical bowel problems - It is identified only when medical problems
O

b. Concretion such as intestinal obstruction, intestinal

infections, or poisonings arise.
c. Bezoar
- COMPLICATIONS:
d. None of the above - lead poisoning, intestinal parasites,
N

anemia, zinc deficiency, severe iron

deficiency, intestinal obstruction

9. The following are included in the feeding and Obesity is not included in DSM- 5 as a mental disorder
eating disorders, except:
a. All of the above Feeding and Eating Disorders
● Pica
b. PICA
● Rumination disorder
c. Rumination ● Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder
d. Obesity ● Anorexia nervosa
e. None of the above ● Bulimia nervosa
● Binge-eating disorder

10. The following feeding and eating disorders Basta haha

affect the major organ system/s:

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a. Bulimia
b. Anorexia
c. PICA
d. None of the above
e. All of the above

Neurocognitive Disorder [MD2024]

1. Marked by short term confusion and changes Delirium

in cognition - Marked by short term confusion and changes
a. Delirium in cognition.
Dementia
b. Dementia
- Marked by severe impairment in memory,
c. Amnestic disorder judgment, orientation and

E
d. Black out - cognition.

2. Hallmark symptom of delirium Delirium

L
a. Impairment of consciousness - Marked by short term confusion and changes
b. Memory impairment in cognition.
- Hallmark symptom: IMPAIRMENT OF
c. Asterixis

SA
CONSCIOUSNESS
d. Hallucination - Life threatening, potentially reversible
- Abnormalities of mood, perception, and
behavior are common psychiatric symptoms;
tremor, asterixis, nystagmus, incoordination,
and urinary incontinence are common
neurological symptoms

Memory impairment → Amnestic disorder, early

R
Alzheimer’s, Mild cognitive impairment, Klein-Levin
Syndrome

Halluciation → Schizophrenia, Dementia, Narcolepsy

FO

3. Core features of delirium. EXCEPT: Delirium

a. Long duration - Marked by short term confusion and changes
b. Rapid onset in cognition.
Core Features of Delirium
c. Altered consciousness
d. Fluctuations in severity Delirium
T

Core Features Associated Clinical

Features

1. Altered consciousness 1. Disorganization of thought

O

2. Altered attention process

3. Impairment in other realms of
cognitive function
4. Relatively rapid onset (hourrs
to days)
N
2. Perceptual disturbances
3. Psychomotor hypo/hyper
activity
4. Disruption of sleep-wake

5. Brief duration (days to weeks) cycle (fragmented sleep at

6. Often marked, unpredictable night)
fluctuations in severity and 5. Mood alterations
other clinical manifestations 6. Autonomic hyperactivity or
during the course of the day. instability
7. Myoclonic jerking
8. Dysarthria

4. Anatomical structure involved in amnestic Amnestic Disorders

disorder - Defined primarily by impairment in the ability
a. The mamillary bodies to create new memories.
- Amnesia is most commonly found in alcohol
b. Nucleus basalis of Meynert
use disorders and in head
c. Locus ceruleus - injury
d. Reticular formation Major neuroanatomical structures:
● dorsomedial and midline nuclei of the

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thalamus
● Hippocampus
● The mamillary bodies
● the amygdala

5. Word finding difficulty

a. Dementia
Dementia vs. Delirium
b. Delirium
c. Amnestic disorder Features Dementia Delirium
d. Sundowning
Onset Slow Rapid

Duration Months to years Hours to weeks

E
Attention Preserved Fluctuates

Memory Immediate remote Impaired recent and

L
memory immediate memory

SA
Speech Word finding Incoherent (slow or
difficulty rapid)

Sleep-wake Fragmented sleep Frequent disruption

cycle (eg day-night
reversal)

Thoughts impoverish Disorganized

R
Awareness Unchanged Reduced

Alertness Usually normal Hypervigilant or

reduced vigilance
FO

6. The most common type of dementia Dementia of Alzheimer’s is the most common type
a. Alzheimer’s type Second most common in Vascular Dementia
b. Vascular dementia Dementia of the Alzheimer's type: 50 – 60%
c. Pick’s disease dementia Vascular dementia :15 – 30 %
d. HIV dementia Mixed vascular and Alzheimer's dementia: 10 – 15%
T

7. The gene for amyloid precursor protein is Alzheimer’s

Gene for amyloid precursor protein: long arm
O

found in: ●
a. Long arm of chromosome 21 of chromosome 21
23 → sex chromosomes
b. Long arm of chromosome 23
c. Short arm of chromosome 21
N

d. Short arm of chromosome 23

8. Strong indication for Alzheimer’s dementia: Alzheimer’s Dementia

a. Amyloid plaques - Commonly diagnosed in the clinical setting
b. Neurofibrillary tangles after other causes of dementia has been
excluded
c. Carotid bruit
- Amyloid precursors are hallmark
d. Pick’s bodies - MICRO
- Senile plaques – amyloid plaques*;
more strongly indicate Alzheimers
dse
Nurofibrillary tangles → Alzheimer’s dementia but no
unique
Carotid bruit → Vascular dementia
Pick’s bodies → Frontotemporal dementia (Pick’s dse)

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9. Classic choreoathetoid movements are seen in: Huntington’s Disease

a. Huntington’s disease dementia
b. Frontotemporal dementia
c. Parkinson’s disease dementia
d. HIV dementia
Frontotemporal dementia (Pick’s Disease)
- Subcortical type; more motor abnormalities
and fewer language abnormalities
- Psychomotor slowing and difficulty with
complex tasks, but memory,
- language and insight remain intact in the
early and middle stages
- Classic choreoathetoid movements
- High incidence of depression and psychosis
- Neuronal loss, gliosis, and neuronal Pick’s
bodies(cytoskeletal elements)
- Cause is unknown; approx. 5% of irreversible
dementias
- Most common in men, with first degree

E
relatives with the disorder
- Early stages are more often characterized by
personality and behavioral changes, with

L
relative preservation of other cognitive
functions
- Features of Kluver-Bucy syndrome more

SA
common
Parkinson’s disease dementia
- Subcortical type
- 20-30% of patients with Parkinson’s disease
have dementia
- Bradyphrenia: slow movements paralleled in
slow thinking
HIV dementia
- dementia complex or HIV dementia
R
- Annual rate of 14%
- Development of dementia often paralleled by
the appearance of parenchymal
abnormalities in MRI scans.
FO

- Other infectious dementias are caused by

Cryptococcus or Treponema pallidum
- Personality changes: apathy, emotional
lability or behavioral disinhibition

10. Bradyphrenia is seen in: Parkinson’s disease dementia

a. Parkinson’s disease dementia - Subcortical type
b. Alzheimer’s dementia - 20-30% of patients with Parkinson’s disease
T

have dementia
c. HIV dementia
- Bradyphrenia: slow movements paralleled in
d. Vascular dementia slow thinking
O

Human Sexuality and Sexual Dysfunction [MD2024]

1. The following occur during the excitement Male Sexual Cycle (Excitement Phase)
N

phase of the human sexual response, EXCEPT;

a. Erection Erection → in 10 to 30 sec caused by
b. Sexual flush vasocongestion of erectile bodies of corpus
c. Myotonia cavernosa of shaft
d. Testicular descent
Sexual flush → Skin, Sexual flush: maculopapular
rash originates on abdomen

Myotonia → Myotonia: semispastic contractions

of facial, abdominal and intercostal muscles.

Testicular descent → waley

2. Elongation and ballooning of vagina occurs in Excited Vagina

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which phase of female sexual response? - Color change to dark purple; vaginal
a. Resolution transudate appears 10 to 30 seconds
b. Plateau after arousal; elongation and ballooning
c. Orgasmic of vagina; lower 1/3 of vagina constricts
d. Excitement before orgasm

3. The following comprise a persons’ sexual Nurturing instinct → if hindi ito sagot mo di ka
identity. EXCEPT: love ng papa mo haha
a. Nurturing instinct
b. Estrogen
c. Pregnancy
d. Menstruation

E
5. True of Klinefelter’s syndrome No sex hormones → meron, low androgen
a. No sex hormones production
b. Female habitus

L
c. Absence of second female Female habitus → Male habitus
characteristics
d. Usually assigned as male Absence of second female characteristics → May

SA
female type pubic hair pattern, breast
development 30% of cases

Usually assigned as male → Assigned male at

birth. Klinefelter syndrome is a common genetic
condition in which people assigned male at birth
(AMAB) have an additional X chromosome.
R
6. True of male erectile disorder Male Erectile Disorfer
a. Sometimes acquired ● Lifelong
b. Freud theorized the presence of vagina ● Acquired
FO

dentata complex in these men ● Situationa

c. Erectile disorder is the chief complaint of
less than 10% of men treated for sexual
dysfunction
d. These men may perceive sex as sinful

7. Premature ejaculation Considered severe when ejaculation occurs

a. Considered severe when ejaculation within 30 seconds after penetration → false.
T

occurs within 30 seconds after Severe: within approx. 15 to 30 seconds of

penetration penetration
b. No answer text provided
O

c. May be a conditioned behavior

d. More common in less educated men No answer text provided → ???
N

May be a conditioned behavior → true. those

who are physiologically predisposed to climax
quickly because of shorter nerve latency time
and those with a psychogenic or behaviorally
conditioned cause

More common in less educated men → False,

More commonly reported among
college-educated men than among men with
less education

8. May cause severe dryness of vaginal mucosa Drugs that caue vaginal drynes:
a. Both ● Antidepressant MAOIs
b. Neither ● Anticholinergics

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c. Antihistamines
d. Anticholinergics Antihistamines
- Cyproheptadine - block the serotonergic
sexual adverse effects produced by
SSRIs, such as delayed orgasm and
impotence

9. A recurrent or persistent tendency to look at Voyeurism

people engaging in sexual or intimate behavior - A recurrent or persistent tendency to
such as undressing look at people engaging in sexual or
a. Fetishism intimate behaviour such as undressing.
b. Frotteurism - carried out without the observed people
c. Voyeurism being aware, and usually leads to sexual

E
d. Pedophilia excitement and masturbation
- The risk of discovery often adds to the
excitement

L
- Seeking power
- Primal scene
Fetishisms

SA
- Recurrent intent sexual urges, sexually
arousing fantasies, or behaviors that
involve a non-living object, often to the
exclusion of all other stimuli;
Frotteurism
- Involves touching and rubbing against a
non-consenting person
- Almost always male, the person
R
fantasizes during the act that he has a
caring relationship with the victim
Pedophilia
FO

- A sexual preference for children, boys or

girls or both, usually of prepubertal or
early pubertal age
- Child pornography, watching, fondling
- Victims may be male, 2/3 are females
History of abuse

10. Possible abnormalities in the endocrine Sexual Sadism

T

system - Act or thought of physical suffering of

a. Pedophilia victim
b. Fetishism - They imagine they have control over the
O

c. Sexual sadism sexual victim

d. Sexual masochism - Underlying feelings of sexual
inadequacies
N

- Possible abnormalities in the endocrine

system
- Primary treatment is aversion therapy
Pedophilia
- A sexual preference for children, boys or
girls or both, usually of prepubertal or
early pubertal age
- Child pornography, watching, fondling
- Victims may be male, 2/3 are females
History of abuse
Fetishisms
- Recurrent intent sexual urges, sexually
arousing fantasies, or behaviors that
involve a non-living object, often to the

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exclusion of all other stimuli;

Sexual Masochism
- Involving the act or the thought of
being humiliated, beaten, bound or
otherwise made to suffer.
- Begins in childhood; developed through
classical conditioning

Human Sexuality and Sexual Dysfunction [MD2022]

1. Sexual excitement involves the act or thought Sexual Masochism

of being humiliated or made to suffer. - Involving the act or the thought of
a. Voyeurism being humiliated, beaten, bound or

E
b. Fetishism otherwise made to suffer.
c. Exhibitionism - Begins in childhood; developed through
d. All of the above classical conditioning

L
e. None of the above Exhibitionism
- A recurrent or persistent tendency to
expose the genitalia to strangers

SA
(usually of the opposite sex and to
children) without inviting or intending
closer contact.
- There is usually, but not invariably,
sexual excitement at the time of the
exposure and the act is commonly
followed by masturbation.
- Treatment generally includes aversion
R
therapy and masturbatory satiation
- May be combined with orgasmic
reorientation, social skills training and
FO

cognitive behavioral therapy.

2. The ff. increases penile erection: Nitric oxide enhancer that facilitates the inflow
a. All of the above of blood to the penis.
b. None of the above
c. Nitric Oxide
d. GABAR
e. Serotonin
T

3. Pattern of a person's biological and sexual Sexual Identity

characteristics: - Pattern of a person’s biological sexual
O

a. None of the above characteristics: chromosomes, external

b. Sexual Identity genitalia, internal genitalia, hormonal
c. Gender role composition, gonads, and secondary
N

d. Sexual orientation sex characteristics.; leaves a person no

e. All of the above doubt about his or her sex;
Gender Identity
- A person’s sense of maleness or
femaleness
- Conviction of gender ”I am male” or “I
am female” by 23 years of age;
- Person must still develop a sense of
masculinity or femininity
Gender Role
- in society means how we're expected to
act, speak, dress, groom, and conduct
ourselves based upon our assigned sex
Sexual Orientation

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- Describes the object of a person’s sexual

impulses:
- Heterosexual
- Homosexual
- Bisexual

4. Included in the disorders of orgasm are, Orgasm Disorders

except: 1. Female Orgasmic Disorder
a. None of the above 2. Delayed Ejaculation
b. Male orgasmic disorder 3. Premature (early) Ejaculation
c. All of the above
d. Female orgasmic disorder
e. Premature ejaculation

E
5. The risk of discovery often adds to the Voyeurism
excitement. - A recurrent or persistent tendency to

L
a. All of the above look at people engaging in sexual or
b. None of the above intimate behaviour such as undressing.
c. Voyeurism - carried out without the observed people

SA
d. Exhibitionism being aware, and usually leads to sexual
e. Fetishism excitement and masturbation
- The risk of discovery often adds to the
excitement
- Seeking power
- Primal scene

6. The ff. decreases libido: Eme yoko na

R
a. All of the above
b. None of the above
c. Progesterone
FO

d. Prolactin
e. Cortisol

7. There is sexual excitement at the time of Exhibitionism

exposure followed usually by masturbation - A recurrent or persistent tendency to
a. Voyeurism expose the genitalia to strangers
b. Zoophilipia (usually of the opposite sex and to
c. None of the above children) without inviting or intending
T

d. All of the above closer contact.

e. Fetishism - There is usually, but not invariably,
sexual excitement at the time of the
O

exposure and the act is commonly

followed by masturbation.
- Treatment generally includes aversion
N

therapy and masturbatory satiation

- May be combined with orgasmic
reorientation, social skills training and
cognitive behavioral therapy.

8. Includes child pornography: Pedophilia

a. Voyeurism - A sexual preference for children, boys or
b. All of the above girls or both, usually of prepubertal or
c. Pedophilia early pubertal age
d. None of the above - Child pornography, watching, fondling
e. Exhibitionism - Victims may be male, 2/3 are females
History of abuse

9. The object of interest may be extension of the Fetishism

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human body. - Recurrent intent sexual urges, sexually

a. None of the above arousing fantasies, or behaviors that
b. Fetishism involve a non-living object, often to the
c. Exhibitionism exclusion of all other stimuli;
d. Voyeurism - Many fetishes are:
e. All of the above - Extensions of the human body,
such as articles of clothing or
footwear
- Some particular textures such
as rubber, plastic or leather
- Objects In some cases they simply serve
to enhance sexual excitement achieved
in ordinary ways

E
- Sometimes treated with aversion
therapy or imaginal exposure
- Another approach is masturbatory

L
satiation
- Orgasmic reorientation – teach the
individual to respond to more

SA
appropriate sources of sexual
stimulation

10. Characteristics of Turner Syndrome are, Turner’s Syndrome

except: ● Absence of second female sex (XO)
a. Dwarfism ● Webbed neck, dwarfism, cubitus valgus,
b. Webbed neck no sex hormones, infertile
c. Fertility
R
d. None of the above
e. All of the above
FO

Human Sleep and Sleeping Disorders Dr. Umali [MD2022]

1. Narcolepsy Shortening of REM latency is seen in depressive

a. REM Sleep disorders and narcolepsy.
b. NREM Sleep
Narcolepsy
- An abnormality in REM-inhibiting mechanism
T

2. Periodic limb movement syndrome Periodic Limb movement

a. NREM Sleep - Stereotypic, periodic leg movements (every
b. REM Sleep 20 – 60 secs) during NREM sleep;
O

3. Sleep Paralysis Narcolepsy

a. REM Sleep - Characterized by excessive sleepiness, as well
b. NREM Sleep as auxiliary symptoms that represent the
N

intrusion of aspects of REM sleep into the

waking state
- Episodes of irresistible sleepiness,
leading to perhaps 10 to 20 minutes
of sleep, after which the patient
feels refreshed, at least briefly.
- Hypnagogic and hypnopompic
hallucinations, cataplexy, and sleep
paralysis
- Occur in .02 to .16% of adults; with
familial incidence An abnormality in
REM-inhibiting mechanism
- Most common in sleep attack

4. Sleep drunkenness Sleep Drunkeness

- Abnormal form of awakening in which the

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a. NREM Sleep lack of a clear sensorium in the transition

b. REM Sleep from sleep to full wakefulness is prolonged
and exaggerated. Requires the absence of
sleep deprivation.
- when alcohol levels drop later in the night,
you are likely to experience more active REM
sleep

5. Nightmare disorder Nightmare Disorder

a. REM Sleep - Repeated awakenings from the major sleep
b. NREM Sleep period or naps with detailed recall of
extended and extremely frightening dreams,
usually involving threats to survival, security,
or self-esteem. The awakenings generally
occur during the second half of the sleep

E
period.
- On awakening from the frightening dreams,
the person rapidly becomes oriented and

L
alert (in contrast to the confusion and
disorientation seen in sleep terror disorder
and some forms of epilepsy).

SA
- Nightmares are vivid dreams that become
progressively more anxiety producing,
ultimately resulting in an awakening Usually
occurs after a long REM period late in the
night.
- REM suppressants (TCAC’s,), Benzodiazepines

6. Obstructive Sleep Apnea Obstructive Sleep Apnea

- Characterized by periods of functional
R
a. REM Sleep
b. NREM Sleep obstruction of the upper airway during sleep,
resulting in decreases in arterial oxygen
saturation and a transient arousal, after
FO

which respiration (at least briefly) resumes

normally.
- REM is the stage of sleep in which apnea
occur most often – give REM
sleep-suppressing medications

7. Sleep terror disorder Sleep terror disorder

a. REM Sleep - Arousal in the first third of the night during
b. NREM Sleep deep NREM (stages III and IV) sleep
T

8. Somnambulism Sleepwalking Disorder (Somnambulism) gagi ito pala

a. REM Sleep medical term nito hahah
O

b. NREM Sleep - Sequence of complex behaviors that are

initiated in the first third of the night during
deep NREM (stage III and IV) sleep and
frequently, although not always, progress
N

without full consciousness or later memory of

the episode to leaving bed and walking
about.

9. Sleep-related bruxism Sleep-related bruxism

a. REM Sleep - Teeth grinding; occurs throughout the night,
b. NREM Sleep most prominently in Stage 2 sleep (NREM);
Dental bite plate and corrective orthodontic
procedures

10. Jactatio capitis nocturna Jactatio capitis nocturna (Sleep-Related

a. NREM Sleep Headbanging)
b. REM Sleep - Rhythmic to-and-fro head rocking (less
commonly, total body rocking) occurring
just before or during sleep; occurs in

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Childhood Disorders 💀 Normal Sleep and Sleeping Disorders ]

light sleep

REM:
● Narcolepsy
● Obstructive Sleep Apnea
● Hypersomnia
● Nightmare disorder
● Sleep-related Bruxism
*yung wala dito NREM na ganern, eme, echos

Childhood Disorders

Utang ko nalang ito hahaha

L E
SA
R
FO
T
O
N

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