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Таблицы ИК.daniyarova i dr (038-048) .ru.en
Таблицы ИК.daniyarova i dr (038-048) .ru.en
com
4.2. Economic, social and administrative-territorial structure of the empire of Genghis Khan
Territory
Farm– extensive cattle
- Between the Orkhon and Kerulen rivers; Capital- Karakorum
breeding
- From the middle of the 12th century. – from
Baikal, Yenisei and Irtysh, to the Gobi Desert
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- necessity - 1211-1215 - - 1210-1211. Jochi: from Irtysh - Mass extermination of people, undermining
in expansion Northern Key under power to Volga, northern economic foundations;
borders and tai; Mongol crossed part of Semirechye, - Decline of cities and urban culture;
pasture - 1218-1219 - ruler Eastern Dasht-i- - Decline of agriculture, destruction
land; peoples of Siberia, Karluks in Koya Kipchak to Nizhny of irrigation systems, trampling of
- increase Yenisei lyke Arslan Khan; Volga region, Khorezm and fields, reduction of cultivated land;
tax Kyrgyz, - 1217g. – western lands;
taxable Uyghur and vassal Mongol Shagatai: Southern - Destabilization and slowdown in the
population, Turfan became a ruler and Southeast process of ethnic unification;
reserve for principalities; Karluk Kazakhstan, - Conservation of other forms of
waging wars; - 1219-1220 - Almalyk region East Turkestan feudalism;
- suppression captured the territory Buzar; and Transoxiana; - The formation of the Kazakh nation has
internal Iran's rhetoric - 1218– in Ögedey: North slowed down;
strife and Afghanistan, led by Zhebe- East End - Decline of spiritual culture;
civil strife Northern In- noyon Semirechye, Western - Increasing the tax burden on the
diy, Caucasus; destroyed the Mongolia, regions conquered population;
- 1223 – battle on manov in Semir- upper Irtysh and - Introducing the idea of
the Kalka River, for whose; Tarbagatay; centralization in the Euro-Asian
grip of the southern - 1218g. - surrendered Tuluy: actually space, encouraging international
outskirts of Rus' without a fight Mongol lands economic and cultural ties;
Balasagun city; - Introduction of postal and mail services;
- September - Preservation of culture (language, customs and
1219 - February traditions) in the conquered lands.
1220g. - siege
Otrara
4.4 Formation of the Golden Horde
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1227g. – election of 1235g. - 1236-1242. - Western
Batu Khan in the Pan-Mongolian Dasht -i- conquered
Jochi ulus kurultai accepts Kipchak, Volga
decision to go to Bulgars, Russians
Europe principalities, Poland,
Hungary, Czech Republic
Golden Horde
Kurultai– general
political meeting
4.6 Political history and reasons for the decline of the Golden Horde
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Uzbek
(1312-1342)
Mohnke(1266-1280) The heyday of the state
Berke(1256-1266) An independent state with stva; Adoptionis-
Finding developed economic relations lamaas a sovereign
independence and (commodity- national religion;
monetary - minting coins) centralization
authorities
Batu
(1227-1256) Zhanibek
Political Golden Horde (1342-1357)
dependence
Political history The period of powerful
pan-Mongolian stva - centralized
go han bathroom state
- founderHorde - from Altai and - khan– title Erzen(1315-1320) - growth of cities, - hikes
Ejen(1226-1280 Irtysh on ruler; trade, crafts; emir
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g.g.) – eldest son east to the Volga - the territory was divided Mubarak Khoja(1320-1344) - Timur and
of Jochi, ruler and the Urals in the west, from to inheritances; official independence from the Tokhtamysh;
Cook Horde; the lower reaches - major titles Golden Horde; - capture
- in the XIV century. lands Syrdarya and nomadic nobilitybeki, - Urus khan(1361-1375) - authorities
of the youngest son northeast emirs, bahadurs; rise of the state dynasty
Jochi – Sheybana parts of the Aral - the population consisted (conquest, expansion of Sheibanids
came under power seas in the south to of Turkic-speaking tribes; territory);
descendants of Ord Ishim river, Tobol, - in settled areas – a - fight with Timur and
Edzhena, state Sarasu in the north; form of conditional Tokhtamysh; Barak khan(
began to be called - Capital land tenure and 1423-1428) - achieving internal
"Ak Orda" Sygnak livestock ownership political stability
Ak decay of the Syrdarya and council of the nobility - military campaigns in the southern regions; in separate parts
Hordes and Aral Sea in the south to - 1446 – conquest of Sygnak, states;
strife the middle reaches people Suzak, Ak-kurgan, Uzgend, - permanent
Dzhuchidov; Tobol and Irtysh in the Arkuk; dynastic feuds and
- founder north; - 1457 – defeat from the Oirats; strife for partition
Abulkhair - capital Cities:Tura - 50s – early 60s. XV century – territories;
(1428-1468) (1428-1430),Horda-Bazar Sultans Janibek and Kerey - discontent
(1430-1446), migrated to Mogulistan; ordinary nomads
Sygnak(1446-1468) - 1468 – Abulkhair died during a oppression, their
military campaign migration to other regions
Nogai Horde (late XIV-XVI centuries)
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Table 20. Nogai Horde
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