Ex.

No:
DEFIBRILLATOR

AIM
To study the operating principle of DC defibrillator with DCD simulator.
APPARATUS REQUIRED

S. No. Apparatus Quantity

1 DC defibrillator (Pamtrons Demo Model) 1
2 Patient Demo Model with ECG simulator 1
3 Metal paddle Electrodes 2
4 Connector wire 3
5 Mains Cord 1

THEORY

Ventricular fibrillation is a serious cardiac emergency resulting from asynchronous

contraction of the heart muscles. Ventricular fibrillation can be converted into a more efficient
rhythm by applying a high energy shock to the heart. This sudden surge across the heart causes all
muscle fibres to contract simultaneously. Possibly, the fibres may then respond to normal
physiological pacemaking pulses. The instrument for administering the shock is called a defibrillator.

The shock can be delivered to the heart by means of electrodes placed on the chest of the
patient (external defibrillation) or the electrodes may be held directly against the heart when the
chest is open (internal defibrillation). Higher voltages are required for external defibrillation than
for internal defibrillation.

In almost all present-day transthoracic defibrillators, an energy storage capacitor is charged

from the AC line by means of a step-up transformer and rectifier arrangement or from a battery and
a DC to DC converter arrangement. During transthoracic defibrillation, the energy stored in the
capacitor is then delivered at a relatively rapid rate (in the order of milliseconds) to the chest of the
subject.

The basic circuit diagram of a DC defibrillator is consisting of a variable auto-transformer T1

forms the primary of a high voltage transformer T2. The output voltage of the transformer is
rectified by a diode rectifier and is connected to a vacuum type high voltage change-over switch. In
position A, the switch is connected to one end of an oil-filled 16 micro-farad capacitor. In this
position, the capacitor charges to a voltage set by the positioning of the auto-transformer. When
the shock is to be delivered to the patient, a foot switch or a push button mounted on the handle
of the electrode is operated. The high voltage switch changes over to position ‘B’ and the capacitor
is discharged across the heart through the electrodes.

PROCEDURE
1. Connect the D.C. Defibrillator to the Mains.
2. Put all control knobs at Zero position and Make the Mains switch ON, Pilot lamp lighted.
3. Connect the Electrodes pads at electrodes socket.
 4. Connect SYNC Connector (both side EP pin) wire to DCD SYNC input to DCD simulator at SYNC
output.
5. Adjust threshold controller of Defibrillator, if SYNC LED is not blinking.
6. Now from DCD Simulator select the arrhythmia (Bradycardia, Tachycardia and Fibrillation)
by pressing the select switch.
7. Selects Mode of defibrillator as Sync.
8. Press Charge and adjust the energy (2 to 350 Jules) by Energy control. The energy meter
shows the energy and press enter, now the electrode is ready to apply.
9. Apply the electrodes on the Demo patient. Press the hand switch. SYNC pulse delivers the
energy to the patient and release the hand switch.
10. Now in ECG Simulator arrhythmia mode return to Normal position. If arrhythmia is not at
normal position, increases the energy level by step by step.
RESULT

Basic circuit diagram of a DC defibrillator

Block Diagram of Pamtrons External defibrillator