BEU70304

TECHNICAL ASESSMENT REPORT

DEFIBRILLATOR

COORDINATOR:
Dr Sabariah Binti Bohanudin

Mentor:
Mohamad Adlee Bin Nordin

Company /Hospital:
SAZMED CAE TRADING

Sesi 3
 Defibrillator
Mahrus Bawafie bin Mhd Harip
Department of Electrical Engineering
Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah Polytechnic, Selangor Malaysia

Work-based Learning
1-05, Tingkat Atas, Jln Anggerik Perdana 1, Bandar Teknologi Kajang, 43500 Semenyih,
Selangor

Abstract- Defibrillation is a process in which an electronic device sends an electric shock to

the heart to stop an extremely rapid, irregular heartbeat, and restore the normal heart
rhythm. Defibrillator is a device that delivers a therapeutic dose of electrical energy (electric
shock) to the affected heart (fibrillated heart or other shockable rhythm) to force the heart to
produce more normal cardiac rhythm. The objective of the defibrillator is to strengthen the
chain of survival and treat someone in cardiac arrest. The aimed of this study is to carry out
a research work on the types of different model of defibrillator that has been used in Hospital
Serdang. Besides, the collection of data between these two models of defibrillator in the
hospital is conducted in order to gather the information of the machine. Finally, comparison
of data between two models are developed from the data analysis and it can be concluded that
one of defibrillator recorded least of rate of rate of failure during its lifespan.

Keywords- cardiac arrest, defibrillator, heart beat

1.0 Introduction

Defibrillators were first demonstrated in 1899 by Jean-Louis Prévost and Frédéric Batelli, two
physiologists from University of Geneva, Switzerland (Defibrillators A Brief History | Community
Heartbeat Trust, n.d.). They discovered that small electrical shocks could induce ventricular fibrillation
in dogs, and that larger charges would reverse the condition. Defibrillation is a process in which an
electronic device sends an electric shock to the heart to stop an extremely rapid, irregular heartbeat, and
restore the normal heart rhythm (Defibrillation | Medicine | Britannica, n.d.). Defibrillator is a device
that delivers a therapeutic dose of electrical energy (electric shock) to the affected heart (fibrillated heart
or other shockable rhythm) to force the heart to produce more normal cardiac rhythm (Defibrillators |
NHLBI, NIH, n.d.). The purpose of this Technical Assestments Reports (TAR) is to compare Biphasic
Defibrillator Machine with a several brands that have at Hospital Serdang. Comparison between different
all brand with same function, parameter and specification. In this report, comparison that will elaborate
are about maintenance, breakdown of the machine, physical characteristic, and usage of user with
different brand. In conclusion, at the end of this TAR, we can suggest and make decision on which one is
the best model that will be choose. The defibrillator that will be compared are Philips Heartstart XL and
Nihon Kohden TEC-5500 Series.
1.1 Background

Work-Based Learning (WBL) is a process that allows the student to meet the academic standard in a
hands-on and real employee environment. After that, WBL also gives the opportunity to students in
developing communication skills with other people and to build a career. This semester, students must
complete the Technical Assessment Report (TAR). TAR is a technical report based on medical equipment
that had been chosen by students. The purpose of this Technical Assessment Report (TAR) is to make a
comparison between two models of defibrillator machine which is Philips Heartstart XL and Nihon
Kohden TEC-5500 Series. Basically, this assessment report is focused based on the physical
characteristic, breakdown, and user-friendly of the machine. Finally, the aim of this report is to
recommend to the company which brand of the equipment is good and suitable to be as hospital asset.

1.2 Problem Statement

Defibrillator has become a general medical device in a different department in most of the hospital
in Malaysia. Rarely exposure in studies on performing specification differences between Philips
Heartstart XL and Nihon Kohden TEC-5500 Series. After that, slightly of study in proving the
accuracy in choosing which brand or model of defibrillator machine is better and relevant to use.
Last but no least, less concerned about researching the rate of failure between the different brands
of the defibrillator machine. This variety of models has its own advantages and disadvantages. By
using this comparison report, the best unit that has a higher advantage value can be decided
properly.

1.3 Objective

• To compare two models of defibrillator based on their specification

• To analyze the common problem between two models of defibrillator
• To finalize which defibrillator machine is better to use
• To carry out the research about the rate of failure between two models of defibrillator.

1.4 Scope of the Study

A full comparison between these two models of defibrillator machine, Philips Heartstart XL and
Nihon Kohden TEC-5500 Series, is the scope of this Work-Based Learning (WBL) for semester 7.
In addition, the concept, specification, parameters, and breakdown maintenance requests by the
user and defibrillator machines in the hospital are also discussed. There are many types of
defibrillator machine in the industry that have their own advantage and disadvantages at present,
with the rapid growth of medical device technology. That is why we can choose and recommend
better equipment that has greater reliability for users to handle and easy maintenance through
the comparison that we have done.

1.5 Significant of the Study

The Technical Assessment Report (TAR) is conducted to find the best defibrillator machines that
are user and technical friendly, low purchase price as well as low cumulative part cost, easier to
get spare parts for repair, and advanced technology. So, the best brand of medical equipment will
be recommended to the user for purchasing in the future

2.0 Defibrillator

This section explained on general function of defibrillator based on its physical layout. Physical layout of
the defibrillator consists the labelling of each part of the equipment, general specifications of defibrillator
and the procedure how to use defibrillator machine in terms of clinical which is the usage of defibrillator
onto patient.
2.1 Physical Layout of Defibrillator

The Physical layout of Defibrillator equipment can be shown in Error! Reference source not found..
Figure 1 illustrated physical layout of the Defibrillator based on its general specifications and functions.

PADDLE

GEL

ENERGY/ MODE SELECT CONTROL

DISPLAY

SPO2/ CO2 CONNECTOR

ECG CONNECTOR

Figure 1: Physical Layout of Defibrillator Machine

2.2 Type of Defibrillator

1. AUTOMATED EXTERNAL DEFIBRILLATOR (AED)

Portable, life-saving devices designed to treat people experiencing sudden cardiac arrest, a
medical condition in which the heart stops beating suddenly and unexpectedly (Automated
External Defibrillators (AEDs) | FDA, n.d.). Figure 2 below shows the automated external
defibrillator.

Figure 2: Automated External Defibrillator

2. IMPLANTABLE CARDIOVERTER DEFIBRILLATOR (ICD)

Specialized implantable electronic device designed to directly treat a cardiac tachyarrhythmia.
Figure 3 below shows the implantable cardioverter defibrillator (Pacemakers and Implantable
Cardioverter-Defibrillators: Practice Essentials, Overview, Evolution of the ICD, n.d.).

Figure 3: Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator

 3. SEMI AUTOMATED EXTERNAL DEFIBRILLATOR
Analyze the heart's rhythm, and if an abnormal heart rhythm is detected that requires a shock,
then the device prompts the user to press a button to deliver a defibrillation shock.

Figure 4: Semi Automated External Defibrillator

2.3 Paddle Placement

1. Sterno-apical
Place one pad just below the collarbone on the patient/resident’s right chest and the second below
the patient/resident’s left armpit (AED Pad Placement | Where to Put Pads on Adults & Children,
n.d.). Figure 5 illustrates the Sterno-apical Placement of the paddle.

Figure 5: Sterno-apical Placement

2. Anterio-posterior
One paddle is placed on the Anterior chest of a patient and another paddle is placed on the back
of the patient. Figure 6 illustrates the Anterio-posterior placement of the paddle.
 Figure 6: Anterio-posterior Placement

2.4 Principle of Defibrillator

Figure 7 below shows the Defibrillator circuit. From the figure, it shows that there are 3 main components
of Defibrillator : Power Supply, Capacitor and Inductor. For the Power Supply, step up transformer is
used to convert 240VAC to 5000VAC. It is converted to DC by the rectifier. In battery mode, the DC is
converted to AC by the inverter. This AC is amplified and then again rectified to DC. Step transformers
are the transformers that increase the voltage. It allows the doctor to choose among different amounts of
charge. This output voltage is then fed to a capacitor, which stores the high voltage charge. As an
additional energy sources, many defibrillators also have internal rechargeable batteries.
For the Capacitor, it stores a large amount of energy in the form of electrical charge. A capacitor
consists of two parallel conductive plates of opposite charge, with an electric field between them. This set-
up allows a capacitor to store energy as electric potential energy. This stored energy is also released over
a short period of time.
For the Inductors, it produces a magnetic field when the current flows through them, prolong the
duration of current flow. It generates electricity that opposes the motion of current passing through it.
This opposition is called ‘inductance’. Inductors typically have values of microhenries (uH).

Figure 7: Defibrillator Circuit

2.5 Block Diagram

Figure 8 below shows the Defibrillator Circuit. It consists of Display, ECG, Pacer, NIBP, SPO2, Recorder,
High Voltage Capacitor, and Paddles.
 Figure 8: Defibrillator Block Diagram

2.6 Defibrillation Waveform

There are 2 type of Defibrillation Waveform : Monophasic and Biphasic Waveform. Figure 9
below shows both of the waveforms.

Figure 9: Defibrillation Waveform

1. MONOPHASIC WAVEFORM
Monophasic monitors send electrical current along one direction or phase. It typically requires higher
energy settings which is 360J. Generally it is viewed as an outdated technology. Lown Curve is the
example of the Monophasic.

Lown Curve is a particular waveform that is called ‘Lown’ waveform and the pulse width of the waveform
is 10ms.

Figure 10: Lown Curve

Type of Monophasic:
a. Monophasic Damped Sinusoidal Waveform (MDS)
The waveform returns to zero gradually

b. Monophasic Truncated Exponential Waveform (MTE)

Current is abruptly returned to baseline (truncated) to zero current flow.

Figure 11: MDS vs MTE Waveform

Disadvantages:
a. Monophasic damped sinusoidal waveform (MDS)
Disadvantage: High voltage could damage tissue

b. Monophasic truncated exponential waveform (MTE)

Disadvantage: Long duration could cause re-fibrillation

2. BIPHASIC WAVEFORM

It was introduced in 1996. Biphasic monitor sends the electrical current across two directions or phase.
With biphasic shocks, the direction of current flow is reversed at some point near the halfway point of the
electrical defibrillation cycle during the discharge from the defibrillator. Typically require lower energy
settings which is 200J. Current travels towards the +ve paddle and then reverses back. Reversing of
polarity depolarizes all cells- called “burping” response. Seen as the modern approach to defibrillation,
this technology is based off ICD’s and number of biphasic waveform technologies continue to increase.
Figure 12 below shows the BTE and RLB Waveform.

Type of Biphasic:
a. Biphasic Truncated Exponential waveform (BTE)
b. Rectilinear Biphasic waveform (RLB)

Figure 12: BTE and RLB Waveform

Advantage:
 • Less power, less trauma, less battery
• Defibrillation is more effective at low energy
• Fewer burns
• Less myocardial damage
• 1st shock success rate in cardiac arrest due to shockable rhythm-
• Monophasic 60%
• Biphasic increases to 90%

2.7 Related Type and Model of Defibrillator

This subsection will explain types and model of defibrillator that are available and have been sold
which is use for the hospital in Malaysia. There are numerous design and model of defibrillator
machine that can be used to monitor the condition of patient’s cardiac and identify some types of
structural heart disease, and evaluate cardiac efficiency. Table 1 below shows the types and model
of cardiac monitor.

Table 1 : Types and model of cardiac monitor

Model Diagram
Nihon Kohden TEC-5500 Series

Philips Heartstart XL

Mindray Beneheart D3
Zoll M Series
2.8 Specification of Defibrillator
Table 2 : Specification of Two Models of Defibrillator
Nihon Kohden Brand Philips
Nihon Kohden Cardiolife TEC-5500 Series Model Heartstart XL

Picture

• AC power: Class I • AC power: Class I

• Paddle : BF, ECG : CF • Paddle :BF, ECG :CF
• Battery power: Internally powered • Battery power: Internally powered
equipment Type of equipment
• Maximum energy : 270J protection • AC Power: 100-240 VAC ~ 50/60 Hz,
4A max (unit off), 1.5A max (while
charging defibrillator)
• Maximum energy : 200J
• Manual and AED • Manual and AED
Mode

• All parameter with various colour • All parameter with one colour display
display LCD display

• 290 W × 172 H × 335 D mm Dimension • 376 W X 190 H x 346 D mm

• Weight : 6.3 kg (with battery) • Weight: 6.5 kg (with battery)

• Weight : 5.5 kg (without battery) Weight • Weight : 5.85 kg (without battery)
• With fully charged new battery at 20’C • Type: Sealed lead acid
ambient temperature • Cells: 5
• - Minimum 70 discharges at 270J • Operating Time: About 2.5 hours
• -Minimum 150 minutes continuous • Charging Time: About 15 hours
monitoring Battery (100%)
• - Minimum 90 minutes fixed mode • Weight : 0.65 kg
pacing (180 pulse/min,200mA) • Voltage : 12V 2Ah Rechargeable
• Type : Ni-MH
• Voltage : 12V, 2800 mAh
50 or 60 Hz Frequency 50 Hz/60 Hz
RM 27,000.00 Price RM 23,500.00
 3.1 Methodology

In this section, there are two flow of progress to complete the result data and analysis. The first flow chart
is to discuss with a mentor what kind of medical device to choose for the Technical Assessment Report
Title. The second flow is to choose a model and make a comparison between several type of model device
based on specification, maintenance, breakdown of the machine, physical characteristic, and install
based.
Demonstrates the flowchart of the overall progress that are carried out during this studies. There are
three phases that are involved in this research along to the objectives that has been stated earlier.

3.2 Flowchart of Preparing Report

Figure below demonstrates the flowchart of the overall progress that are carried out during this studies.
There are three phases that are involved in this research along to the objectives that has been stated
earlier. Figure 13 below shows the flowchart of preparing report.

Start

Discuss with the mentor

about the TAR title

List all the equipment and

choose only one.

Discuss with the coordinator

Reject
Prepare a proposal
and submit

Accept

Reject
Prepare a report
and submit

Accept

End

Figure 13 : Flowchart of Preparing Report

First, we discuss with the mentor about the Technical Assessment Report title. After that, we list all the
equipment and choose only one. Next, we discuss with the coordinator. Next part is we have to prepare a
proposal and submit. If accepted, we have to prepare a report and submit. If rejected, we have to redo the
proposal. Lastly, We have to prepare a report and submit.

3.3 Flowchart of Report

Figure 14 below shows flowchart process of data analysis in technical assessment report (TAR).
These process is to choose the best model from five models by technical specification based on user
requirement. The next step is choose the model that based on the same parameter which is biphasic
type and external manual defibrillator.

For the first process is start with identify user requirement specification for device. After that,
compare two models of defibrillator by technical specification based on user requirement and
according to physical characteristic, breakdown maintenance and user friendly. If the defibrillator
that 11hosen is not manual external biphasic, the machine will list out. Stage 2 process start with
collecting data for the two models based on After Sale service, Maintenance, Product review, and
Spare part. Then compare and analyse data by using Matrix and Pareto Chart. Lastly, Choose top
of the best model.

Start

List and pick the model of

the Technical Report

Choose model based on

same parameter biphasic,
external manual

Not manual external biphasic

defibrillator machine

Compare 2 models of machine based on the

physical characteristic, breakdown,
maintenance and user friendly

Analyze which is the best model.

End

Figure 14 : Flowchart of Report

This sections will illustrate on the methodology on how to collect data and analyse the data that
obtained from the system for Nihon Kohden TEC-5500 Series and Philips Heartstart XL.
3.3 Data Collection

3.3.1 How The Data Collected

There are several ways the data collected :

• Data is extracted from ASIS
• User and Service Manual
• Interview with a competent and experienced person
• Journals and articles from the internet

Suitable method is constructed to analyze all the information of two different models of defibrillator
machine.

The last phase of the assessment is conducting a technical analysis between both defibrillator
machine by approaching techniques that consists of a comparison between two models in order to
evaluate the best defibrillator model which will be recommended for the hospital use. The research
then continued by performing analysis into graphic view and prepared a full technical assessment
report on these studies.

Figure 15 : ASIS

Figure above represents Asset and Services Information System (ASIS) that has been used in
Government Hospital in Malaysia. This system is monitored under Ministry of Health and this
system is a formal site for medical officer and technical team in hospital. However, this system only
can be access by certified person only as this system stores all the medical equipment data for the
hospital and the data is confidential and security. Hence, the data of Defibrillator in Hospital
Serdang can be accessed by the technical team for this research.

3.3.2 How The Data Analyzed

Data analysis is conducted after collecting the information from the system Figure 5 demonstrates
on the flowchart on how to analyse all the data that have been obtained.

Since every hospital in Malaysia using ASIS system to record the data for all medical equipment,
the process of collecting data can be easier for technical team and engineer to review the condition
of the equipment during their usage.
 Start

Data Tabulation

Comparison between two models of Defibrillator

Record and construct the

data of total breakdown
for 2 models Defibrillator

Recommend which is the best model

End

Figure 16 : Analysis Method Flowchart

Based on the Figure 16, the methodology on how to analyse data consists a few steps and
procedures that reed to follow. Starting with the data tabulation between two types of defibrillator
model, which is Nihon Kohden TEC-5500 Series and Philips Heartstart XL. Table 2 exemplifies on
the data tabulation sample method for this research work.

Table 3 : Data Tabulation

Model Lifespan Buying cost Type of Rate of Maintenance
Years (RM) Failure Failure (%) Cover (RM)
Nihon
Kohden
TEC-5500
Series
Philips
Heartstart
XL

Based on the Table 3, research work then continued with the comparison between two models of
defibrillator to analyse the performance of each model during their lifespan. Along to the table that
has been constructed, equipment performance can be analysed by using comparison method of two
model that consists a few aspects in terms of parameters that will be measured and specifications
of each model of defibrillator.

Table 4 : Performance Analysis between Two Models of Defibrillator

Parameter Philips Heartstat XL Nihon Kohden TEC-5500 Series
Type of Failure
Rate of Failure
Rate of Usage
Downtime Cost

Table 4 shows on how performance of each model is conducted by using comparison method. For
this method parameters based on technical requirement is measured. This method is perform an
analysis on each equipment and to discover pros and cons between the two models in the hospitals.
The significance of constructing all the methodology is to recommend the best defibrillator for
hospital based on technical research on this assessment.

4.0 Result and Analysis

4.1 Introduction

This chapter shown the result from our collected data such as from difference hospital database
and user requirement specification form. The data are analysed and generated graph by using
Microsoft Excel. The result that analysed is discussed in this chapter and aim of this research is to
develop a comparison between several models of defibrillator that use at Hospital Serdang. The
user can get the clearer view which type of model is more suitable for the hospital usage.

Table 5 : Total Machine registered from 2018 to 2021

Model Total Machine Registered
Philips Heartstart XL 14
Nihon Kohden TEC-5500 Series 20
Total 34

TOTAL MACHINE REGISTERED (2018-2021)

Philips
Heartstart XL
41%

Nihon Kohden
TEC-5500 Series
59%

Figure 17 : Pie Chart of Total Machine Registered from 2018 to 2021

From the table 5 above, we can see that the total of machine that registered at Hospital Serdang
from 2018 to 2021. The total of Nihon Kohden TEC-5500 Series that registered is 20 units which
is more than Philips Heartstart XL is 14 units. The total for both machines are 34 units. Even
though Nihon Kohden TEC-5500 Series is more expensive than Philips Heartstart XL, but Nihon
Kohden TEC-5500 Series is friendly user and easy to handle by the user. Philips Heartstart XL is
older than Nihon Kohden TEC-5500 Series.
 Table 6 : Type of Failure and Rate of Failure between Two Models of Defibrillator for 5 Units
Model Type of Failure Total Number of Rate of Failure (%)
Failure
Philips Heartstart XL Battery 3 60
ECG Lead 4 80
Casing 4 80
Motherboard 4 80
Nihon Kohden Battery 2 40
TEC-5500 Series
ECG Lead 3 60
Casing 1 20
Motherboard 2 40

Total Number of Failure between Two

Models of Defibrillator in 2020
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
Philips Heartstart XL Nihon Kohden TEC-5500 Series
Battery ECG Lead Casing Motherboard

Figure 18 : Total Number of Failure between Two Models of Defibrillator in 2020 Graph

Table 6 above shows the type of failure and rate of failure between two brands in 2020. The result
is recorded for 5 units of every model of defibrillator. Figure 18 shows the total number of failure
between two models of defibrillator in 2020 graph. As the result in the table, the most failure
defibrillator among this brand is Philips Heartstart XL. This is because a bit of Philips Heartstart
XL machine that installed in hospital. The comparison that can made is battery. Battery is quite
familiar to be a most failure in medical device. In this case, battery from Nihon Kohden is more
quality than Philips Heartstart XL. As we can see, the rate of failure for Nihon Kohden is 40%
which is lower than Philips Heartstart XL which is 60%.

Besides, the other comparison is motherboard. As we know, motherboard is an important part of

medical device. Motherboard is the main part which is to run the machine. Based on the data,
Philips Heartstart XL is the most device that have so much problem with motherboard. The rate
of failure for Philips Heartstart XL is 80% which is higher than Philips Heartstart XL 40%. This
is because, the version of this Philips Heartstart XL is usually problem with the software. Nihon
Kohden’s motherboard is the latest, it has the less problem because of the Japan Technology and
latest software compared to Philips Heartstart XL.

For Philips Heartstart XL, the higher rate of failure is casing. Casing of this device is easy to broken
due to less rugged. Based on the data, the rate of failure is 80% . The casing is easily broken because
the machine cannot placed directly to sunlight. For Philips Heartstart XL, the casing is the one of
type of failure that always happen. This is because, the casing is not as good as Nihon Kohden. It
is proven that the durability of Japan Technology is excellent. They always take note at the quality
of the product. The keypad also being the one of most type of failure for Philips Heartstart XL.
Such as, the button of shock and discharge not functioning. Beside that, the machine printer is
always not functioning and the paper always stuck in the machine. Lastly, the most common type
of failure for this both device is ECG lead. The rate of failure for ECG lead of Philips Heartstart
XL is 80% compared to Nihon Kohden is 60%. Sometime the ECG lead cannot detected at the
machine even already plug in. Next is the reading of the ECG is high even use the tester.

4.2 Comparison based on User Requirement Specification

The process start by identify user requirement specification for defibrillator on specific ward and
department. After that, list out the all different from two models that have been selected. Then,
Nihon Kohden Brand Philips
Nihon Kohden Cardiolife TEC-5500 Series Model Heartstart XL
• AC power: Class I • AC power: Class I
• Paddle : BF, ECG : CF • Paddle :BF, ECG :CF
Type of
• Battery power: Internally powered • Battery power: Internally powered
protection
equipment equipment
• Maximum energy : 270J • Maximum energy : 200J
• Manual and AED • Manual and AED
Mode

• All parameter with various colour • All parameter with one colour display
display LCD display

• 290 W × 172 H × 335 D mm Dimension • 376 W X 190 H x 346 D mm

• Weight : 6.3 kg (with battery) • Weight: 6.5 kg (with battery)

• Weight : 5.5 kg (without battery) Weight • Weight : 5.85 kg (without battery)
• Type : Ni-MH • Type: Sealed lead acid
• Voltage : 12V, 2800 mAh Battery • Weight : 0.65 kg
• Voltage : 12V 2Ah Rechargeable
50 or 60 Hz Frequency 50 Hz/60 Hz
compare between two models by technical specification based on user requirement.

Table 7 : Comparison Specification

Table 7 above shows the comparison between the two models. The first is the type of protection.
Both models use the same type of protection which is class I and type BF/CF. After that is the mode
of operation. Both machines also have the same mode which is manual and AED mode. Next, LCD
display used. Nihon Kohden TEC-5500 Series has all parameters with various colour display.
Meanwhile, Philips Heartstart XL has all parameters but only one colour display. Then, the
dimension and weight. For Nihon Kohden TEC-5500 Series, the size is smaller and lighter with a
weight of 6.3 kg (with battery) compared to the larger and heavier Philips Heartstart XL with 6.5
kg (with battery). For Battery, Nihon Kohden TEC-5500 Series uses Nickel-metal hydrive battery
with 12V and 2800 mAh compared to Philips Heartstart XL uses Sealed lead acid with 12V and
2Ah. Latly, the frequency use for both machines are 50/60 Hz.
4.3 Comparison based on Spare Part Price

Table 8 : Comparison of Spare Part Price

Model Type of Part Price Price

Failure Number (Original) (Compatible)

Philips Heartstart XL Battery M3516A RM 500.00 RM 107.50

ECG Lead M1669A RM 950.00 RM 141.90

/M1971A
Casing RM 3268.00 -

Motherboard M4735-80202 RM 1956.50 -

Nihon Kohden TEC-5500 Battery NKB-301V RM 1400.00 RM 700

Series
ECG Lead TL201T RM 1400.00 RM 184.90

Casing 6141-900032 RM 3053.00 -

Motherboard VR-0313 RM 4200.00 -

Table 8 above shows the comparison of spare part price between two models of defibrillator. As we
can see there have original and compatible price two models of defibrillator machine. First, the
price for original Philips Heartstart XL battery is RM 500.00 which is cheaper than Nihon Kohden
original TEC-5500 Series battery which RM 1400.00. After that, the price for original Philips
Heartstart XL ECG lead is RM 950.00 which is cheaper than Nihon Kohden original TEC-5500
Series ECG lead which RM 1400.00. Next, the price for original Philips Heartstart XL casing is RM
3268.00 which is more expensive than Nihon Kohden original TEC-5500 Series casing which RM
3053.00. Finally, the price for original Philips Heartstart XL motherboard is RM 1956.50 which is
cheaper than Nihon Kohden original TEC-5500 Series motherboard which RM 4200.00. We can say
that the original spare part price is more expensive than the compatible price. This is because the
quality of original spare part is better than the compatible spare part.

5.0 Conclusion

5.1 Introduction

In this chapter, we will conclude the defibrillator machines that have been analysed. A decision
have to be made if the user asked as to suggest which model of defibrillator machine should be
bought between two models. We have to play roles as a biomedical engineer by recommending
which defibrillator machine that suits the best for the department so that the workflow of the
department is smooth.

5.2 Conclusion

In conclusion, the objective of this technical assessment report is achieved. Two models of
defibrillator based on their specification have been compared. After that, the common problem
between two models of defibrillator have been analyzed. Next, we also decided which defibrillator
machine is better to use. Finally he research about the rate of failure between two models of
defibrillator has been carried out. Based on the results that we have obtained from studies,
discussions, references from the journals and articles, I recommend that Nihon Kohden TEC-5500
Series has more advantages compared to the Philips Heartstart XL. This decision is made
according to the actual situation at Hospital Serdang. According to our mentor, Mr. Mohamad
Adlee bin Nordin, he commented that it is important to consider the situation in the hospital and
maintenance services, in addition to evaluate from other aspects. The results are supported by the
analysis that has been done in the results section. Nihon Kohden TEC-5500 Series has a lower
amount of breakdown, and lower maintenance costs make downtime lower in the first 3 years of
operation compared to the Philips Heartstart XL.

5.3 Recommendation

For the recommendation, I believe the Current Ge Healthcare Carescape B850 is a superior model
for heart monitoring units. However, regardless of the model, the user must use the system
properly and follow standard operating procedures and perform proper cleaning, maintenance and
predetermined time such as chassis cleaning and electrical safety tests. Troubleshooting is as easy
as verifying where the fault lies either internal or external and then repairing it as well as following
the guided line (HEPPM checklist) and replace the genuine part only. All the maintenance should
be followed as plan and proper cleaning will keep the repair calls to a minimum.

REFERENCE
AED Pad Placement | Where to Put Pads on Adults & Children. (n.d.). Retrieved February 7, 2022, from
https://avive.life/guides/aed-pad-placement/
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