CHAPTER 9: MATERIAL SELF
of Semiology (the study of objects as
Factors in Determining Material
Goods
Wants. Synonymous with luxuries.
People buy them for reasons that do not
warrant necessity.
Needs. These are importants for
survival. Food, clothing, and shelter are
basic needs so people purchase them
out of necessity.
Process of Acquiring Material Goods
Utility. Concerned with how things
serve a practical purpose.
Significance. Concerned with the
meaning assigned to the object. It is
also concerned with how objects
become powerful symbols or icons of
habit and ritual which can be quite
separate from their primary function.
John Heskett - a British writer and
lecturer on the economic, political,
cultural and human value of industrial
design, design combines “need” and
“desire” in the form of a practical object
that can also reflect the user’s identity
and aspirations through its form and
decoration
Roland Barthes (1915 – 1980) –
• The French theorist, was one of the
first to observe the relationship that
people have with objects, and in
particular looked at the objects as signs
or things which could be decoded to
convey messages beyond their practical
value.
• In the 1950s, he popularized the field
signs).
Signifier – (refers to the physical form)
Signified - (the mental concepts it refers)
Theory of Meaning Of Material
Possession
1. Instrumental functions relate to the
functional properties of a product. For
example, a person bought a pick-up
style car for family and business
functions.
2. Social symbolic function signifies
personal qualities, social standing,
group affiliation and gender role. For
instance buying Iphone instead of other
mobile phones.
3. Categorical functions refers to the
extent to which material possessions
may be used to communicate group
membership or status.
4. Self-expression functions reflect a
person’s unique qualities, values or
attitudes. There are people who may
represent themselves by collecting
objects with a Hello Kitty brand and the
like.
Objects or Materials as Process of
Self-Extension
• Ways of Incorporating Possessions
into the Extended Self
• Contamination
• Maintaining Multiple Levels of Self
Ways of incorporating Possessions
into the Extended Self
• Appropriating and controlling
• Creating
• Knowing
Contamination
• Touching and bodily contact;
• Glancing, looking, and staring;
• Noise pollution;
• Talking to/addressing one
• Bodily excrete.
a. Corporeal excreta (spittle, snot,
perspiration, food particles,
blood, semen, vomit, urine, and fecal
matter-and stains of these);
b. b. Odor (e.g., flatus, tainted breath,
body smells);
c. c. Body heat (e.g., on toilet seats);
d. d. Markings left by the body(e.g.,
plate leavings-leftover food).
The role of Consumer Culture on the
Sense of Self and Identity
Consumer Identity is the pattern of
consumption that describes the
consumer. Brands and products are now
being used by many consumers to
express their identity.
Consumerism is preoccupation with
and an inclination towards the buying of
consumer goods.
The idea that increasing the
consumption of goods and services
purchased in the market is always a
desirable goal and that a person's
wellbeing and happiness depend
fundamentally on obtaining consumer
goods and material possessions.
CHAPTER 10: SPIRITUAL SELF
Religion is a cultural system of
commonly shared beliefs and rituals that
provide a sense of ultimate meaning by
creating an idea of reality that is sacred,
all encompassing and supernatural.
Religion in the Philippines
• Philippines is the only Christian
country in the South East Asia.
• Even before the Spanish colonization,
Filipinos believe in supernatural beings.
• They praise spirits of their ancestors
called “cult ofthe dead”. (e.g.
Manunungul Jar, Larawan/likha
(Tagalog), Diwata (Bisaya) and Bul-
ol(Ifugao).
Polytheism - A belief in many gods,
which was brought by the early Chinese
and Indian merchants.
Priestess
• Also called as “baylan,” “babaylan,” or
“katalona” does the ritual or offering.
• Some of early Filipino’s gods are
Bathala, the Almighty God, Agni, God of
Fire, Mandarangan, God o War, Sidapa,
God of Death, Lalahon, God of Harvest,
and Siginarugan, God of Hell. These
beliefs are passed orally to the next
generation.
Monotheism – A belief in one God
• A belief in only God, which has three
personas, God the Father, God the Son,
and God the Holy Spirit.
• Brought by the Spaniards Colonization
Animism
• One of the oldest beliefs which is taken
from the Latin word Anima meaning
breath or soul.
• Is the belief that everything in nature –
living things like trees, plants, and even
non-living rocks or streams – have their
own spirit or divinity.
Dungan
Indigenous Filipino
• Kaluluwa, Ikararuwa or kararuwa
• It is taken from the root word duwa
which means two.
Ibanags
• The soul is the principle of life in man
Bisayan
• The Dungan may leave the body
voluntarily while the person is asleep a
Rituals
• Ritual traditions of Filipinos are best
understood in terms of their intentions.
• Dance and chants are a very essential
part of their ritual.
Example of Rituals:
Panaynon
• Believes in spirit beings.
• Mara – it (dangerous zone of Panay
Island)
• Siokoy - half-man, half fish sea monster
• Mangingilaw - half man, half monkey man
eating monster
• Lupan-on - spirit beings who live in the
land
• Idalmunan - spirit beings who live
underneath th surface of the earth
• Tubignon - spirit beings who live in water.
• Angry spirits
• Daga (bloodletting)
• Samba (communal fishing rite)
Residents in Zambales
• Pilaton refers to a list of dates,
including the phases of the moon, that
would ensure the success of any major
undertaking or activity of residents in the
province.
Religion came from the Latin word
religio means to respect or care for. It is
generally defined as; “belief in, worship
of, or obedience to a supernatural power
or powers considered to be divine or to
have control of human destiny."
Difference between religiousness and
spiritual
Religiousness - The degree by which
one is affiliated with an organized
religion in terms of the person’s
participation in the prescribed rituals and
practices, connection with its beliefs and
involvement with its community of
believers.
Spiritual - It involves experiencing
something beyond oneself in a
transcendent manner and living in a way
that benefits others and society. It could
be related to a search for the sacred.
Spiritual Identity
• It is the persistent sense of self that
addresses ultimate questions about the
nature, purpose and meaning of life.
• Focuses on the individual construction
of a relationship to the sacred and
ultimate meaning.
• It results in behavior that are
consonant with the individual’s core
values.
Magic (Magician) - It is the ability to use
supernatural forces to make impossible
things happen, such as making people
disappear or controlling events in
nature.
SORCERER
• Greek word: Pharmakos
• being an in born sorcerer with the idea
of medicine, magic potions, drugs, and
poison.
WIZARDS
• Is born an ordinary mortal who is
thought to be acquainted with the
secrets of the unseen world
NECROMANCER
• Is the one who is 'seeking unto the
dead' or the one who attempts to
communicate with departed spirits
Filipino’s Concept of Magic
• Kulam is the Tagalog word for
“voodoo” or “witchcraft”.
• A mangkukulam is a person who uses
black magic or spells on a victim.
• Balang is the Filipino term for a
sorcerer.
• Mambabarang is a person who
practices this specific type of sorcery or
witchcraft.
• Binarang is the target (usually a
person) of sorcery or witchcraft.
• Albulario/mananambal is a Filipino
practitioner of traditional medicine
Victor Frankl - Logotherapy is based on
the premise that the human person is
motivated by a “will to meaning,” an
inner pull to find a meaning in life.
Basic Principles of Logotherapy
• Meaning in Life. Life has meaning
under all circumstances, even the most
miserable ones.
• Will to Meaning. Our main motivation
for living is our will to find meaning in
life.
• Freedom to Will. We have freedom to
find meaning in what we do, and what
we experience, or at least in the stand
we take when faced with a situation of
unchangeable suffering.
Three different ways in discovering
the meaning of life
• By creating a work or doing a deed
• By experiencing something or
encountering someone
• By the attitude we take toward
unavoidable suffering and that
everything can be taken from a man but
one thing: the last of the human
freedoms—to choose one's attitude in
any given set of circumstances
CHAPTER 11: POLITICAL SELF
Politics refers to the actions or activities
concerned with achieving and using
power in a nation or society. It is also
defined as the ways that power is
shared in an organization and the ways
it is affected by personal relationships
between people who work together.
Active citizenship refers to the
structured forms of engagement with
political processes and everyday forms
of participation in society. It is also
defined as the process of sharing
decisions which affect one’s life and the
life of a community in which one lives.
Participation is the fundamental right of
citizenship.
Digital Citizenship - refers to the norms
of appropriate and responsible behavior
towards technology use
Three Principles of Digital Citizenship
1. Respecting
2. Educating
3. Protecting oneself and others
Online Disinhibition - defined as the
lack of restraint one feels when
communicating online in comparison to
communicating in person
Anonimity - serve as an option for
individuals who are naturally shy and
introverted to express their thoughts,
without threat to their self-esteem
Why do we have a Digital Self?
1. We want to meet the expectation of
others.
2. We want to boost our self-esteem.
3. To feel a sense of belonging.
4. Bigger sense of freedom.
5. Striving to be our ideal selves.
CHAPTER 12 : MANAGING & CARING
Goal – desired outcome anticipated by a
person or organization. It may be a long
term vision or short term outcome which
can be achieve through careful planning,
execution and evaluation.
Goal Setting Theory – refers to effects
of setting goal on sebsequent
performance. Researcher Edwin Locke
found that individuals who set specific, • Short temper or increased agitation •
difficult goals performed better than Tension
those who set general, easy gaols. • Headaches
Goal Setting Principle • Tight muscles
- Clarity • Changes in eating habits (e.g., “stress
- Challenge eating”)
- Commitment
• Changes in sleeping habits
- Feedback
- Task Complexity Common Relaxation Techniques to
beat Stress
Rules of Goal Setting
• Breathing Exercises
1. Set goals that motivate you
2. Set smart goals • Progressive Muscle Relaxation
3. Set goals in writing
• Visual (Guided) Imagery
4. Make an action plan
5. Stick with it Mindfulness is about noticing our
thoughts, feelings or bodily sensations
Taking Care of the Self
without judgment. It’s a helpful tool in
Living a Healthy Lifestyle managing stress for those with a mental
illness.
• Stick with a solid sleep schedule
SELF CARE
• Learn to say NO
• Self-care is a vital part of maintaining
• Eat regular meals good health and a vibrant life.
• Find exercise activity you love • Self-care is a way of living that
• Up on Healthy foods incorporates behaviors that help you to
be refreshed, replenish your personal
• Stop procrastinating motivation, and grow as a person.

• Try not to burn out Wellness is an interactive process of

becoming aware of and practicing
Common Stress Indicator
healthy choices to create a more
• Difficulty concentrating successful and balanced lifestyle

• Increased worrying SIX BASIC CONCEPT OF WELLNESS

• Trouble completing assignments on 1.Social Wellness. It involves

time developing friendships, healthy sexual
• Not going to class
behaviors, and the ability to interact
comfortably with others.
2. Intellectual Wellness. Involves the
strong desire to learn from challenges
and experiences.
3. Spiritual Wellness. Involves the
willingness to seek meaning and
purpose in human existence; regardless
of your religious beliefs
4. Emotional Wellness. Involves having
the ability to acknowledge and accept a
wide range of feelings in oneself as well
as in others.
5. Physical Wellness. Involves regular
physical activities, proper nutrition and
health care, such as exercise or sports,
and personal hygiene.
6. Occupational Wellness. Involves the
integration of various components of the
wellness framework into planning for a
healthy future, such as career, family
and future wellness
CHAPTER 13: LEARNING TO BE A
BETTER STUDENT
Learning is a physical process in which
new knowledge is represented by new
brain cell connections. The strength and
formation of these connections are
facilitated by chemicals in the brain
called growth factor.
How the Brain Learns
The brain acts as a dense network of
fiber pathways consisting of
approximately 100 billion neurons.
Through a network of neurons,
sensoryinformation is transmitted by
synapsesalong the neural pathway and
stored temporarily in short-term
memory, a volatile region of the brain
that acts like a receiving center for the
flood of sensory information we
encounter in our daily lives.
BRAIN STEM
• changes in heart rate
• breathing, blood preasure,
Vomiting, swallowing
• digestion
CEREBRUM
• intelligence, learning, judgement
• speech and memory
• sense of hearing, vision, taste and
smell
• skeletal muscle movements
CEREBELLUM
• balance and coordination
• posture
FRONTAL LOBE
• motor control
• problem solving
• speech production
TEMPORAL LOBE
• auditory processing ( hearing)
• language comprehension
• memory / information retrieval
PARIETAL LOBE
• touch perception
• Body orientation and sensory
discriminatiom
OCCIPITAL LOBE
• sight
• visual reception and visual
interpretation
Metacognition is often defined as
“thinking about your own thinking.” In
1979, it was termed by American
developmental psychologist John H.
Flavell. Cognition means thinking while
Meta means beyond so the phrase
means beyond thinking.
Two components of Metacognition
Metacognitive Knowledge - Learners
ability to understand and learn concepts,
and knowledge about one’s learning
strategies.
Metacognitive Regulation - Learner’s
ability to observe one’s method of
thinking, planning, evaluate the
effectiveness of the own learning
strategies and identifying the outcomes.
Three Types of Metacognitive
Knowledge
Declarative Knowledge (Peronal) - It is
the understanding of ones capacities. It
is one’s subjective assessment.
Procedural Knowledge (Task
Knowledge) - It is the person’s
awareness of one’s knowledge and
assessment whether a task is easy or
difficult.
Strategy Knowledge (Conditional
Knowledge) - It is the person’s ability to
use strategies to acquire information,
learn new skills or understand concepts.
It also refers to one’s ability to cope or
adapt other strategies to different
situations.
Self-Regulated Learning Model
Self-regulation has been defined by Dr.
Zimmerman as learners' beliefs about
their capability to engage in appropriate
actions, thoughts, feelings, and
behaviors in order to pursue valuable
academic goals, while self- monitoring
and self-reflecting on their progress
toward goal-completion (Zimmerman,
2000).
Question that Self Regulated Student
Ask Themselves
PHASE 1 : Forethought - Before Task
• When is the best time for me to get the
task done?
• Where is the best place to complete
the task?
• How will I start?
PHASE 2 : Performance Control –
During
• Am I following the plan correctly?
• Am I focused or not?
• What strategies can I use to help me
keep working?

PHASE 3 : Self Reflection – After

• Did I meet the goal?

• Which condition distracted me or

helped me succeed?

• Which strategies are most effective?