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UNDERSTANDING THE SELF

(UNDSELF)

Lesson 5:
THE SUPERNATURAL SELF AND THE
MATERIAL SELF

Lecturer:
Marjon D. Enriquez

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 TOPIC
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• Religion
• Super Natural Being and
Power
• Buying Motives
• Purchasing Behavior
 RELIGION
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• the belief of the supernatural, is one

of the dominant social institutions in
every society. Sociologically, there
are many reasons why religion is
everywhere in the world. Religion or
a spiritual belief offers answers and
explanations to many ultimate
questions regarding human
existence
RELIGION
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 WHAT IS RELIGION?
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The term derived from the Latin word

RELIGARE which means “the bond
between God and man”. One such
definition given by John F. Cuber who
stated that “religion is culturally
entrenched pattern of behavior
composed of sacred beliefs, emotional
feeling accompanying the belief and
overt conduct implementing the beliefs
and feelings”
 THREE ASPECTS OF RELIGION
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1. BELIEF attempt to explain the nature

of and the origin of sacred things
2. EMOTIONAL FEELINGS, sacred
beliefs usually aroused strong feelings
of fear, awe, reverence, love, humility,
hate, admiration. Serenity and similar
emotions
3. PROPITIATION, every religion has a
set of behavior patterns constituting
proper religious conduct
 RELIGION
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ANIMISM
Perhaps the oldest form of religion in
the world is animism. It is the belief that
physical objects are sacred and
inhabited by spirits, With this, animistic
people perform rituals, customs and
ceremonies that celebrate their sacred
objects to summon, aid, or pacify spirits
through the help of the shaman or the
person considered to have the ability to
communicate with spirits.
 RELIGION
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POLYTHEISM
The belief of many deities is
called polytheism, unlike
animism, the deities in
polytheism are recognizable and
have personalities and histories,
Rituals and ceremonies are also
done in worshipping the deities
in polytheist religions.
 RELIGION
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ATHEISM
Refers to the belief that
supernatural beings (God,
deities etc) do not exist, Atheists
do not believe in the concepts of
heaven and hell, salvation and
resurrection
 RELIGION
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AGNOSTICISM
Is the gray line between belief
and nonbelief, Agnostics are the
ones who suppose that the
concept of supernatural beliefs
and religions cannot be totally
known or explained
 RELIGION
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APATHEISM
Is the total apathy towards the
concept of supernatural belief,
Apatheists do not involve
themselves in debates of
atheists, theists, agnostics
because believing in
supernatural being is the least of
their concerns.
SUPERNATURAL BEINGS AND POWER
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• Gods and Goddesses – great and

remote beings who control the
universe e.g. Zeus
• Ancestral Spirits – belief in
ancestral spirits is consistent with
the wide spread notion that human
beings are made up of two closely
intertwined partners; physical
retain an active interests and even
membership in society.
 RELIGIOUS SPECIALISTS
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Individuals who guide and

supplement the religious
practices. They are highly skilled
people utilizing supernatural
forces. They even undergo
special training to perform their
tasks
RELIGIOUS SPECIALISTS
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PRIESTS AND PRIESTESS

full time religious specialist
formally recognized for their skills
in guiding the religious practices
of others and for contracting and
influencing the supernatural
forces e.g., priest, Babaylan,
Bayot, minister, imam, rabbi
RELIGIOUS SPECIALISTS
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SHAMANS
a person who enters an altered
state of consciousness to contact
and utilize an ordinarily hidden
reality in order to acquire
knowledge, power and help
others e.g. traditional healers
RITUALS AND CEREMONIES
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Religious rituals are the ways

which people relate to the
supernatural, Rituals serve to
relieve social tensions and
reinforce group solidarity, they
even lessen the social disruption
and individuals suffering like
crisis or death
THE MATERIAL AND ECONOMIC SELF
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WHY PEOPLE BUY?

The needs and wants that
prompt consumers to buy as
distinguished from the motives
that include other forms of man
activity may be correctly
termed as buying motives.
Buying motives may be classified as
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1. Primary or biological motives

Consumers buy products
primarily because they want to
satisfy their biological needs.
The basic needs like food and
drinks have to be bought to
satisfy one’s biological or
physiological need
Buying motives may be classified as
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2. Socio psychological motives

Induced to buy by reason of “follow-
the-crowd” mentality, Purchasing
behavior is also influenced by
socioeconomic contact, A consumer
is stimulated by another consumer to
buy when he is in contact with a
person who is capable of inducing
him to consume a new commodity
Buying motives may be classified as
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3. Personal or ego integrative

motives
This is strong among the
majority of the Filipino youth. It
is the desire not only to be
noticed but also to be looked up
to with awe and admiration; this
is the desire for distinction
 BOARD
THE PURCHASING BEHAVIOR OF A FILIPINO
• Except in department stores where
prices are absolutely fixed, the Filipino
consumer is accustomed to “tawad”
(bargaining or asking for much lower
prices). He has to look for his “suki”
(seller regularly patronized by the buyer)
• Another purchasing behavior of a Filipino
consumer is an apparent bid to trick the
vendor into giving the commodity at his
desired price by pretending to leave and
to look for another vendor
 BOARD
THE PURCHASING BEHAVIOR OF A FILIPINO
• Still another purchasing behavior of a
Filipino consumer is the “hingi” “dagdag”
habit
• The Filipino consumer is conscious of his
standing in his particular group. He
responds to “status symbol” products in
an attempt to protect his “amor propio”
and to save him from embarrassment,
When he cannot afford to pay in cash
because it is expensive, he resorts to
“hulugan” or “paiyakan” (instalment
plan) system
 References
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• PERSONALITY BOOK
 Next Session
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• LEARNING THEORY
• CLASSICAL CONDITIONING
• OPERANT CONDITIONING
• SOCIAL LEARNING
• COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT