THE STUDY OF THE ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE DIGESTIVE TRACT IN THE DOMESTIC

CAT
GERALDINE ANNE, Dr. drh. Slamet Raharjo, M.P.
Universitas Gadjah Mada, 2022 | Diunduh dari http://etd.repository.ugm.ac.id/

TABLE OF CONTENTS

HALAMAN JUDUL...............................................................................................ii
HALAMAN PENGESAHAN ........................................................................... iii
HALAMAN PERNYATAAN BEBAS PLAGIASI............................................ iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................... v
TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................................................. vi
TABLE OF FIGURES.................................................................................... viii
ABSTRACT..................................................................................................... ix
ABSTRAK........................................................................................................ x
INTRODUCTION............................................................................................. 1
Background ................................................................................................... 1
Purpose of Research ....................................................................................... 3
Benefit of Research ........................................................................................ 3
LITERATURE REVIEW .................................................................................. 4
Characteristics and Classification of the Domestic Cat .................................... 4
Anatomy and Physiology................................................................................ 4
The Digestive Tract of Cat ............................................................................. 6
Stages of Digestive Process ............................................................................ 7
MATERIALS AND METHOD........................................................................ 11
Materials ..................................................................................................... 11
Method ........................................................................................................ 11
Study Time Frame .................................................................................... 11
Type of Study........................................................................................... 11
Strategy of Literature Search..................................................................... 11
Material Collection Method ...................................................................... 12
Data compilation ...................................................................................... 13
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ....................................................................... 14
Mouth.......................................................................................................... 14
Anatomy .................................................................................................. 14
Physiology ............................................................................................... 17
Teeth ........................................................................................................... 19
Anatomy .................................................................................................. 19
Characteristics and Physiology of the Feline Teeth .................................... 22
Feline Age Determination ......................................................................... 23
Tongue ........................................................................................................ 25

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 THE STUDY OF THE ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE DIGESTIVE TRACT IN THE DOMESTIC
CAT
GERALDINE ANNE, Dr. drh. Slamet Raharjo, M.P.
Universitas Gadjah Mada, 2022 | Diunduh dari http://etd.repository.ugm.ac.id/

Anatomy .................................................................................................. 25
Feline Lingual Papillae ............................................................................. 28
Physiology ............................................................................................... 31
Pharynx ....................................................................................................... 31
Anatomy .................................................................................................. 31
Physiology ............................................................................................... 33
Oesophagus ................................................................................................. 34
Anatomy .................................................................................................. 34
Physiology ............................................................................................... 37
Stomach....................................................................................................... 37
Anatomy .................................................................................................. 37
Characteristics.......................................................................................... 40
Microbiota ............................................................................................... 41
Physiology ............................................................................................... 42
Stomach Secretions .................................................................................. 43
Gastric Emptying Time............................................................................. 45
Small Intestine ............................................................................................. 47
Anatomy .................................................................................................. 47
Physiology ............................................................................................... 49
Large Intestine ............................................................................................. 64
Anatomy .................................................................................................. 64
Physiology ............................................................................................... 67
Anus............................................................................................................ 72
Anatomy .................................................................................................. 72
Physiology of Defecation .......................................................................... 74
Salivary Glands............................................................................................ 76
Anatomy .................................................................................................. 76
Physiology ............................................................................................... 79
Liver............................................................................................................ 80
Anatomy .................................................................................................. 80
Physiology ............................................................................................... 84
Gall Bladder ................................................................................................ 95
Anatomy .................................................................................................. 95
Physiology ............................................................................................... 96
Pancreas ...................................................................................................... 97
Anatomy .................................................................................................. 97
Physiology ............................................................................................. 100
CONCLUSION ......................................................................................... 107
SUGGESTIONS ........................................................................................ 107
REFERENCES.............................................................................................. 108

vii
 THE STUDY OF THE ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE DIGESTIVE TRACT IN THE DOMESTIC
CAT
GERALDINE ANNE, Dr. drh. Slamet Raharjo, M.P.
Universitas Gadjah Mada, 2022 | Diunduh dari http://etd.repository.ugm.ac.id/

TABLE OF FIGURES

Figure 1. The digestive tract of the cat................................................................ 7

Figure 2. Open view of the cat mouth ............................................................... 15
Figure 3. Types of oral mucosa in the upper jaw of the cat ................................ 16
Figure 4. Lateral view (A) and ventrodorsal view (B) of the feline skull ............ 17
Figure 5. Lateral and ventral view of masticatory muscles in the cat. ................. 18
Figure 6. Anatomy of a single-rooted tooth....................................................... 19
Figure 7. Deciduous and permanent dentition of the cat. ................................... 24
Figure 8. Papillae on the adult cat tongue.......................................................... 28
Figure 9. Marginal papillae found along the lateral edges of the tip of the tongue
in suckling kittens..................................................................................... 30
Figure 10. The changing of epiglottis positions. ................................................ 34
Figure 11. Cervical, thoracic and abdominal oesophagus of the cat.................... 35
Figure 12. Structure of the feline stomach......................................................... 38
Figure 13. Dorsoventral radiograph of the normal orientation of the feline
stomach.................................................................................................... 39
Figure 14. Mechanism of carbohydrate digestion in the small intestine .............. 54
Figure 15. Mechanism of protein digestion in the small intestine ....................... 57
Figure 16. Mechanism of lipid digestion in the small intestine........................... 58
Figure 17. Intestinal villus microanatomy ......................................................... 59
Figure 18. Anatomy of the cat large intestine and its blood supply..................... 66
Figure 19. Terminal portion of feline gastrointestinal tract ................................ 72
Figure 20. Right and left paranal sacs of the cat ................................................ 73
Figure 21. Major salivary glands in cat............................................................. 77
Figure 22. Anatomy of the parietal surface of the cat liver................................. 82
Figure 23. Anatomy of the visceral surface of the cat liver ................................ 82
Figure 24. Schematic diagram of the cat biliary tract......................................... 84
Figure 25. Pear-shaped gall bladder in the domestic cat..................................... 96
Figure 26. Anatomy of the feline pancreas and pancreatic ducts ........................ 98
Figure 27. Activation of pancreatic proteases.................................................. 103

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