1.

The release of a hormone via the posterior pituitary can have which of the following
effects?

● Reduced uterine muscle contractility

● Increased growth at the epiphyseal plates
● Reduced diuresis
● Increased thyroxine production

2. Which of the following hormones can freely pass through the plasma membrane?

● Testosterone
● Catecholamines
● Insulin
● IGF-1

3. Which of the following hormones are NOT directly involved in metabolism?

● Growth hormone
● Cortisol
● Thyroid Hormone
● Aldosterone

4. Polyuria can be caused by

● Decreased insulin
● Vasopressin
● Catecholamines
● Reduced thyroid hormone

5. How does RANKL promote bone resorption?

● It binds directly to osteocytes

● It inhibits osteoblast differentiation
● Its release is stimulated by PTH
● It enhances the expression of OPG

6. Which of the following does NOT support bone formation?

● Release of IGF-1
● Release of GH
● Release of GHIH
● Release of Calcitriol

7. A signaling pathway that would activate cyclic AMP, would in turn activate:

● protein kinase A.
● G protein.
● adenylyl cyclase.
● diacylglycerol.
8. Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding fluid balance?

● Aldosterone is antagonistic to vasopressin effects on fluid balance

● Vasopressin is antagonistic to atrial natriuretic peptide effects on fluid balance
● Aldosterone is antagonistic to atrial natriuretic peptide effects on fluid balance
● Vasopressin promotes water retention in the body

FORM A

9. Consider the following physiological reactions: an increase in plasma glucose and a

reduction in immune function. Which of the following hormone imbalances is likely?

● Increase in insulin
● Increase in TSH
● Increase in glucagon
● Increase in cortisol

10. Maria is a university student in a lab course that is running late. It is early afternoon, and
she has not eaten anything for many hours. How is her body responding to her hunger?

● Her pancreatic alpha cells are releasing glucagon to raise her blood glucose
● Her pancreatic beta cells are releasing glucagon to lower her blood glucose
● Her pancreatic delta cells are releasing insulin to raise her blood glucose
● Her pancreatic beta cells are releasing insulin to stimulate fat breakdown

11. Damage to the zona glomerulosa that leads to a reduction in endocrine function of that
area may lead to what?

● A rise in blood pressure

● High blood potassium
● Suppressed immune function
● High blood sodium

12. Which of the following can occur as a result of the anterior pituitary secreting excess
hormones?

● Decrease in FSH
● Decrease in TRH
● Decrease in TSH
● Decrease in Cortisol

13. Which of the following is correct regarding insulin?

● Both GIP and GLP-1 can increase insulin release

● Insulin release is not affected at all by plasma amino acid levels, only plasma glucose
levels
● Insulin is released by exocrine pancreatic cells
● Insulin release can decrease glycogenesis

14. Which of the following is correct?

 ● TSH and T3/T4 are all peptide hormones
● Thyroglobulin is an active hormone
● T3/T4 stimulate adenylate cyclase signalling
● TSH G-protein coupled receptors are on the thyroid gland

15. Why do people with hyperthyroidism often lose weight?

● TSH lowers basal metabolic rate.

● Decreased thyroid hormone enhances lipolysis.
● Increased thyroid hormone increases energy mobilization.
● Increased thyroid hormone promotes glycogenesis.

FORM A

16. A 10 year old male is about 15cm taller than his peers and has enlarged hands and feet.
Lab results show GH: 38.4 ng/mL (normal range, 0-5 ng/mL); insulin-like growth factor 1
(IGF-1), 624.0 ng/mL (normal range for age, 220-616 ng/mL) and
T3/T4/TSH/Cortisol/Prolactin were within normal limits. Which of the following is a likely
condition?

● Hyperthyroidism
● Grave’s disease
● Acromegaly
● Gigantism

17. What is the correct statement below?

● GnRH secretion decreases at the onset of puberty.

● Sertoli cells secrete Androgen Binding Protein, which binds testosterone
● FSH secretion promotes both sperm and oocyte development
● Leydig cells secrete FSH for sperm development

18. Which of the following is true regarding serum testosterone levels commonly seen in XY
individuals?

● Testosterone is very high during childhood

● Testosterone is high during fetal life
● Testosterone is low during puberty
● Testosterone is found in a stable, constant amount throughout life

19. Which of the following is true regarding Leydig (interstitial) cells?

● They secrete LH
● They have receptors for FSH
● They function to promote male secondary sex characteristics
● They provide the blood-testis barrier

20. In the female menstrual cycle, the thickest endometrium corresponds to the same time
as:
 ● Corpus albicans production
● High levels of LH
● The follicular phase of the ovarian cycle
● High levels of progesterone

21. Which of the following accompanies degeneration of the corpus luteum?

● Circulating levels of estrogen rapidly increases

● FSH secretion starts to rise
● The endometrium thickens
● hCG is released by the endometrium

22. Which of the following statements is correct regarding the ovarian cycle?

● The development of antral follicles and menstruation both occur during the luteal
phase.
● The secretion of estrogen occurs only during the luteal phase.
● Increased vascularization of the endometrium occurs during the luteal phase.
● Secretion of progesterone occurs during the follicular phase

FORM A

23. In order to build more muscle mass, some males take extra androgenic steroids for
several years. What may happen in response (compared to normal before taking the
androgenic steroids?

● GnRH is low
● LH is low but FSH is high
● Endogenous testosterone is high
● LH and FSH are high

24. Why does a woman’s menstrual cycle (period) usually stop during pregnancy?

● High progesterone by the corpus luteum maintains the endometrium

● High estrogen by the corpus luteum inhibits the secretory phase
● High FSH by the anterior pituitary maintains the uterine lining
● High progesterone by the anterior pituitary maintains the uterine lining

25. Which of the following is FALSE regarding placental hormones?

● They contribute to maternal progesterone levels

● They provide precursors for estrogen
● They stimulate ovarian function for follicle development
● They contribute to mammary gland development

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