𝐃𝐏

Assignment-1

Non-Steroidal Hormones and Related Drugs

1. Hormones of Hypothalamus

: The hypothalamus is a region of the brain that plays a key role in regulating various physiological
functions, including the release of hormones. Some of the hormones produced by the hypothalamus
include:

- Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) - regulates the release of luteinizing hormone (LH) and
follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) from the pituitary gland, which in turn control gonadal function and
reproduction.

- Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) - stimulates the release of adrenocorticotropic hormone

(ACTH) from the pituitary gland, which controls the production and release of cortisol from the adrenal
gland.

- Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) - regulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

from the pituitary gland, which controls the production and release of thyroid hormones from the
thyroid gland.

- Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) and somatostatin - stimulate and inhibit the release of
growth hormone from the pituitary gland, which controls growth and metabolism.

- Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) - regulates pigmentation of the skin and hair through melanin
synthesis

- Oxytocin and vasopressin - regulate the social behavior, stress response, and fluid balance.
 : There are several drugs that can affect hormones produced by the hypothalamus. Some examples
include:

- GnRH agonists, which mimic the action of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and are used to
treat conditions such as endometriosis, infertility, and certain types of breast and prostate cancer

- GnRH antagonists, which block the action of GnRH and are also used to treat infertility and certain
types of breast and prostate cancer

- Dopamine agonists, which mimic the action of dopamine and are used to treat conditions such as
Parkinson's disease and pituitary tumors

These are some examples, but not a comprehensive list. Consult a medical professional for more
information.

2. Pituitary Hormones

𝐑𝐄: Non-steroidal hormones are a class of hormones that do not have a steroid structure.

As for pituitary hormones, they are hormones produced by the pituitary gland, which is located at the
base of the brain. The pituitary gland is often referred to as the "master gland" because it controls and
regulates the function of several other endocrine glands. Examples of pituitary hormones include:

- Growth hormone (GH) which promotes growth and metabolism

- Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) which stimulates the adrenal gland to produce corticosteroids

- Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) which control the reproductive system

- Prolactin (PRL) which regulates lactation

- Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) which regulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones

- Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) which regulates water balance in the body

- Oxytocin which is involved in labor and lactation and also regulates emotional and social behavior

These are some examples of pituitary hormones but not a comprehensive list. It's important to consult
with medical professional for more information.

𝐈𝐁: There are several drugs that are related to pituitary hormones, including:

- Somatropin: a synthetic form of human growth hormone (hGH) that is used to treat growth hormone
deficiency in children and adults.

- Adrenocorticotropin (ACTH): a hormone that stimulates the adrenal gland to release cortisol, which is
used to treat conditions such as Addison's disease and congenital adrenal hyperplasia.

- Thyrotropin (TSH): a hormone that stimulates the thyroid gland to release thyroid hormones, which is
used to treat hypothyroidism and to diagnose thyroid disorders.

- Luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH): these hormones are used to induce
ovulation in women with infertility issues.

- Prolactin: hormone that stimulates milk production and can be used to treat lactation issues

- Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) a hormone that is used to treat infertility in women and also
used in some cases of testosterone deficiency in men.

Some of these drugs are available as brand-name products, while others are available as generic drugs.
It's important to consult with a doctor or a healthcare provider to determine which drug is appropriate
for you.

3.Thyroid hormones and Anti-thyroid drugs

𝐈𝐁: Thyroid hormones and anti-thyroid drugs are non-steroidal hormones and related drugs.

Thyroid hormones:

The thyroid gland produces two main hormones: thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). These
hormones help regulate the body's metabolism and energy levels. Synthetic versions of these hormones,
such as levothyroxine and liothyronine, are used to treat hypothyroidism (an underactive thyroid).

Anti-thyroid drugs:

Anti-thyroid drugs are used to treat hyperthyroidism (an overactive thyroid). These drugs include:

- Methimazole (Tapazole)

- Propylthiouracil (PTU)

- Carbimazole

- Potassium perchlorate

These drugs can inhibit the production of thyroid hormones by the thyroid gland, reduce inflammation,
and prevent the release of the thyroid hormone from the gland. They are usually the first-line treatment
for hyperthyroidism and can take several weeks to several months to start working fully.

4 . Parathyroid hormone, calcitonin and calcium

𝟔𝐄: Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is a hormone produced by the parathyroid glands that regulates calcium
levels in the blood. It increases blood calcium levels by stimulating the bones to release stored calcium,
increasing the absorption of calcium from the gut, and increasing the reabsorption of calcium in the
kidneys.

Calcitonin is a hormone produced by the thyroid gland that decreases blood calcium levels by inhibiting
the bone from releasing stored calcium and decreasing the absorption of calcium in the gut.
Calcium is a mineral that is important for many bodily functions, including muscle and nerve function,
blood clotting, and bone formation. It can be found in food sources such as dairy products, leafy green
vegetables, and fish with edible bones, and can also be taken as a dietary supplement.

.Drugs related to parathyroid hormone and calcitonin and calcium.

𝐘𝟖: Parathyroid hormone: Teriparatide, Burosumab

Calcitonin : Salmon calcitonin, Cibacalcin

Calcium : Calcitriol, Calcium glubionate, Calcium carbonates

5 Pancreatic hormones

𝟎𝟔: Pancreatic hormones play an important role in regulating glucose levels in the body, as well as
controlling metabolism. Examples include insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin. Insulin helps to lower
blood sugar by promoting the uptake of glucose by the cells, while glucagon helps to raise blood sugar
by stimulating the release of glucose from glycogen stores in the liver. Somatostatin can act to inhibit
the release of other hormones, such as insulin and glucagon.

.Drugs related to pancreatic hormones

1. Exenatide

2. Liraglutide

3. Glucagon-Like Peptide (GLP-1)

4. Miglitol

5. Trulicity

6. Saxagliptin

7. Repaglinide

6.Insulin and oral hypoglycemic drugs (antidiabetic drugs)

𝟔𝐍: Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that helps regulate blood glucose levels. It is used to
treat diabetes mellitus, a condition in which the body cannot properly process blood glucose due to a
lack of insulin or an inability to use the hormone efficiently. Insulin can be taken by injection or through
a pump, and is especially important for people with type 1 diabetes who can no longer produce their
own insulin.

Oral hypoglycemic drugs are medications used to treat type 2 diabetes. These medications work by
increasing the amount of insulin released by the pancreas, allowing better control of blood glucose
levels. Examples of oral hypoglycemic drugs include sulfonylureas, thiazolidinediones, alpha-glucosidase
inhibitors, and meglitinides.

𝐑𝐄