Section A: Cell Biology

Which of the following is the basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms?

a) Molecule

b) Cell

c) Tissue

d) Organ

What is the function of the mitochondria in a cell?

a) Photosynthesis

b) Cellular respiration

c) Protein synthesis

d) Storage of genetic information

Which organelle is responsible for protein synthesis in a cell?

a) Golgi apparatus

b) Nucleus

c) Endoplasmic reticulum

d) Lysosome

What is the function of the cell membrane?

a) Energy production

b) Protection and support

c) Control of cell activities

d) Storage of water

Section B: Genetics and Heredity

The passing of traits from parents to offspring is known as:

a) Evolution

b) Genetics
c) Heredity

d) Natural selection

Which of the following represents the genetic makeup of an individual?

a) Phenotype

b) Dominant traits

c) Genotype

d) Alleles

If a heterozygous tall pea plant (Tt) is crossed with a short pea plant (tt), what is the probability that
their offspring will be tall?

a) 25%

b) 50%

c) 75%

d) 100%

Section C: Ecology and Ecosystems

The study of the interactions between living organisms and their environment is called:

a) Genetics

b) Ecology

c) Microbiology

d) Anatomy

Which of the following terms refers to a group of organisms of the same species living in the same
area?

a) Community

b) Ecosystem

c) Population

d) Habitat

What is the primary source of energy for most ecosystems on Earth?

a) Soil

b) Sunlight

c) Air

d) Water

Section D: Human Biology

Which organ is responsible for filtering waste products from the blood and producing urine?

a) Liver

b) Lungs

c) Kidneys

d) Stomach

What is the function of the red blood cells in the human body?

a) Carrying oxygen to body cells

b) Digesting food

c) Producing hormones

d) Fighting infections

Which of the following is a function of the respiratory system?

a) Pumping blood

b) Breaking down food

c) Exchanging gases with the environment

d) Regulating body temperature

Section E: Plant Biology

In which part of a plant does photosynthesis primarily occur?

a) Roots

b) Leaves

c) Stems
d) Flowers

What is the function of the roots in a plant?

a) Absorbing water and nutrients from the soil

b) Carrying out photosynthesis

c) Producing flowers

d) Storing energy

Section F: Miscellaneous

Which of the following is a non-renewable resource?

a) Wind energy

b) Solar energy

c) Fossil fuels

d) Hydroelectric power

What is the term for a sudden and widespread outbreak of a disease within a specific population or
area?

a) Pandemic

b) Epidemic

c) Endemic

d) Outbreak

What is the chemical symbol for water?

a) H2O

b) CO2

c) O2

d) NaCl

Section G: Short Answer Questions

Explain the process of photosynthesis in plants.

Describe the differences between mitosis and meiosis in cell division.

Section H: Bonus Question (Extra Credit)

Who is considered the father of modern genetics and is known for his work with pea plants
to establish the principles of heredity