A.

C ROTATING MACHINE
POLYPHASE TRANSFORMER -1

VPMP POLYTECHNIC
HIREN M PATEL
 Short Question

1. 3 Phase transformer is superior compared with 3 single phase transformer.

2. Explain function of breather.
3. Explain function of Explosion vent.
4. Write specifications of 3-phase Transformer.
5. Delta star transformer is preferred for distribution.
6. State reason why the transformer winding is immersed in mineral oil.
7. Locate the point where the transformer has minimum point of explosion.
8. Explain use of oil in transformer.
9. Why transformer rating in KVA?
10. The full load copper loss of transformer is 800 watt, then calculate the value of copper loss at half load?

Long Question

1. Explain construction of a 3-phase transformer.

2. State and explain different types of losses in transformer
3. Draw the transformer accessories.
4. Explain construction and working of buchholz relay.
5. Draw connection and vector diagram of Dd6 ,Yd11, Dy1, Dd0, Yy6, Dy11
6. State the different types of cooling and explain any one in detail with figure.
7. Explain oil forced Air Forced- OFAF cooling system intransformer.
8. Which are essential condition for parallel operation of 3-phase transformer.
9. Write the specification on name plate of transformer.

Short Question
1. 3 Phase transformer is superior compared with 3 single phase transformer.

1. Continuity of supply
In case of single unit of three phase transformer, if any one three phases become faulty, then
whole transformer is required to be removed from service for repair work. So, continuity of supply is
disturbed.
But in case of a bank of three unit of single phase transformer, if one of transformer is faulty
then system operation can be retained with open delta connection.
2. Installation cost
The installation of a bank of single phase transformer is less over a single unit of three phase
transformer.
3. Easy transportation
It is more convenient to transport single phase transformer than three phase transformer.
4. Stand by function
In a bank of three single phase transformers, only one single phase transformer is to be kept as
spare rather than to keep a whole three phase unit, which is expensive. Thus requirement of standby is
less in case of bank of three phase transformer.
5. Saving in iron material
A single unit of three phase transformers requires less material of iron for construction of core.
6. Small size
Due less core material the overall size of single unit of three phase transformer is reduced.
7. Less transformer oil
Also single unit of three phase transformer require less oil as compare to a bank of three phase
transformer.
8. Higher efficiency
Due to les core material the overall iron losses will be reduced which increase the overall
efficiency.

2. Explain function of breather.

The moisture will reduce the dielectric strength and insulation property of the transformer oil.
So it is necessary to remove the moisture from the oil. The equipment require for this purpose is known
as breather. It is connected with conservator tank.
The breather is made up from glass, in which the silica gel is to be stored.
The fresh silica gel has a white color.
The main function of the breather is to be absorbing the moisture from the oil.
When color change from white bluest pink, it is replaced by new silica gel.
3. Explain the function of explosion vent
A major fault inside the transformer causes the instantaneous decomposition of oil, leading to
rapid buildup of gaseous pressure.
If this pressure is not relived within a few milliseconds, the transformer tank get ruptured,
spilling oil over a wide area. The consequent damage and fire hazard possibilities are obvious.
An explosion vent provides the instantaneous relieving of dangerous pressure.
 4. Write specifications of 3-phase Transformer.

Sr.No. Description of data to be given Specification

1 Manufacturer name ABB
2 Serial number 12345
3 Type of transformer Power
transformer
4 Year 2018
5 No. of phase 3
6 Rated power 1 MVA=1000
KVA
7 Rated frequency 50 Hz
8 Rated voltage 66 KV / 11 KV
9 Rated current 100 A
10 Vector group symbol DY1
11 Types of cooling ONAF
12 Total weight 1500 KG

LONG QUESTION

1. Explain construction of a 3-phase transformer.

There are two types of three phases transformer.

1. Core type transformer

2. Shell type transformer
 1. Core type transformer

There are two main parts of core type transformer

1. Core
2. Winding

1. Core

 Figure shows the construction of core of three phase transformer

 The core consist of three limbs with the magnetic circuit completed through two yokes one at
the top and other at the bottom.
 Each limb has primary and secondary winding arranged concentrically.
 The core type transformer is usually wound with circular cylindrical coils.

2. Winding

 Generally each winding is wound on different limbs, but due to leakage flux, it is necessary that
the both the winding should be very close to each other to have high mutual inductance.
 The two winding called LV and HV winding are split into no of coil and are wound adjacent to
each other on the same limb.
 A very commonly used winding for the core type transformer is cylindrical coil is shown in fig.
 There are three type of cylindrical concentric winding.
1. Helical winding
2. Crossover winding
3. Disc type winding
2. State and explain different types of losses in transformer

There are two types of losses

1. Iron losses or constant losses

2. Copper losses

1. Iron losses:

Iron losses have two types

1. Hysteresis losses
2. Eddy current losses
1. Hysteresis losses:

Hysteresis losses understand by following equation

Wh =

Were =steinznmein constant

= maximum flux density (Wb/m2)

= Supply frequency (Hz)

= Volume of core (m3)

For any transformer and is always constant

So that Wh

To reduce hysteresis loss

1. To use of quality of magnetic material

2. To use less maximum flux density

2. Eddy current losses:

Eddy current losses understand by following equation

Were Constant

Maximum flux density (Wb/m2)

Supply frequency (Hz)

Thickness of lamination (m)

For any transformer & is always constant

So that
 To reduce eddy current losses

1. To reduce thickness of lamination

2. To use less maximum flux density

3. Copper loss

3.Draw the transformer accessories (diagram)

4. Explain construction and working of buchholz relay.

Construction
1. Buchholz relay are placed between main tank and conservator tank.
2. Two mercury switches are kept on aluminum float
3. In healthy condition both the floats are so tilted that the both the switches are open.
4. So that both alarm and trip circuit are in OPEN condition.
5. One release cock is installed at top of the buchholz relay.
6. Buchholz are provides as a protection against like winding short circuit, short circuit
between phases, puncture of bushing.
Working

1. In the case minor faults the decomposition of oil occurs due to the arc produce in the
transformer tank.
2. The product of decomposition of oil contains more than 70% of hydrogen gases.
3. These gases is light in a weight which try to rises upwards and try to go in conservation
tank.
4. So the gas gets collected at the top at the buchholz relay.
5. Hence the oil level is drop down.
6. The float no.1 change the own position become a straight make a contact and alarm
circuit is closed.
7. When the serious short circuit fault occur in the transformer the oil pressure in the
transformer tank will increase.
8. Hence float no.2 in buchholz relay gets pressed by rushing oil and the mercury switch
attached to float no.2 gets closed.
9. Which close the TRIP circuit which removes the transformer from the load.

5.Draw connection and vector diagram of Dd6 ,Yd11, Dy1, Dd0, Yy6, Dy11
6. State the different types of cooling and explain any one in detail with figure.
7. Explain oil forced Air Forced- OFAF cooling system in transformer.

The various cooling methods used for the transformer are described below.

1. Air Natural cooling (AN)

2. Air Forced cooling (AF)
3. Oil Natural (ON)
4. Oil Natural Air Forced (ONAF)
5. Oil Natural Water Natural (ONWN)
6. Oil Forced Air Natural (OFAN)
7. Oil Forced Air Forced (OFAF)
8. Oil Forced Water Forced (OFWF)
8. Which is essential condition for parallel operation of 3-phase transformer?

Following condition are fulfilled for parallel operation of three phase transformer.

1. The value of supply voltage and frequency are according to the primary winding.
2. Polarity of the both transformers should be same
3. Phase sequence of the both transformers should be same
4. Phase difference between primary and secondary should be same.
5. Construction of transformers should be same.
6. Voltage ratio of primary and secondary winding should be same.
7. The value of percentage impedance should be same.