LIFELINES OF NATIONAL ECONOMY TRO a RC = ‘Avamber frais were but uingthe Mughal ue. Sher Shah Sur bul he Gand Trak Road {rom chitagong now n Bandas! nthe easto Peshawar now n Pakston nthe west fonds are cna acdeay bth conc fe wt) Foals ne use short ‘neonaructen and ictoreswahtrms stars, Boh fr asseges omen ‘anep nprowang oo ogee Se =, pn ee! ‘eehiheays econstuced Commetthe Comectibe. | areconsuced feel soon Sinaniew Ss Sermon Seman w regain order Stroy” Sow eee Saeclne | SE Sen ratcbnanen (Pwo) Teyion ‘Eevee Tee oro ae Semrctie ° Toa Sac awe Seousy, pen ieoct moaned sate imartanesty” —Pexdguytes the Zin, — teem "ter places Parte patcwote — Gtawdatet qe ny —— —y 254 xamidea social Seence-xinet10. " 12, as ‘Transportation: The action of transporting someone or something from one place to another. ‘Consumer: A person who purchases goods end services for personal use Communication: The imparting or exchanging of information by speaking. writing, or using some other medium, ‘Topography: The arrangement of the natural and artificial physical features of an area. Super Highways: A highway designed for travel at high speeds, having more than ‘one lane for each direction of traffic, a safety strip dividing the two directions, and cloverleaves to route the traffic on and off the highway. Sea orts: A port harbour, ortown accessible toa seacoast and providing accommodation for seagoing vessels, ‘Tourism: The commercial organization and operation of holidays and visits to places of interest. State Highways are usually roads that link important cities, towns and district headquarters within the state and connect them with National Highways or highways of neighbouring states. National Highways: Network of India is a network of highways that is managed and maintained by agencies of the Government of India.” ‘A Border Road Organisation (BRO) develops and maintains road networks in India’s border areas and friendly neighbouring countries Railway Network: Ral transport is a means of conveyance to passengers and goods on ‘wheeled vehicles running on rails, also known as tracks. It is also commonly referred to as train transport. ‘Trade: The action of buying and selling goods and services. hoice Questions Choose and write the correct option. ‘The main type of water transport is (@) ocean (@) inland waterways (@) both (a)and(b) (@) none of these Countries like Nepal and Bhutan are called (@) coastal countries (6) landlocked countries (gulf countries (d) none ofthese Air transport was nationalised in the year (@) 1948 © 1953, © 1970 @) 1960 ‘What is the major objective ofthe Super Highways? (@) To reduce time and distance between mega cies (©) To break imter-sae barriers (6) To compete with the railways in India (@) None of these (256 Xam ides Social Science-x5. The highway projects are being implemented by (@) Central Public Works Department (©) State Public Works Department (6) National Highway Authority of India (@) Both (a) and (e) 6 Which two of the following extreme locations are conmected by the East-West Corridors? (o) Srinagar and Kanyakumari (6) Sileher and Porbandar (@) Mumbai and Kolkata (@) Nagpur and Siligudi 7. What locations are connected by the longest National Highway-7? (@) Delhi and Kanyakumari (6) Dethiand Mumbs (6) Jabalpur and Madurai (@) Varanasi and Kanyakumari 8 Which one of the following isthe eastern terminal of East-West Corridor? (a) Shillong 0) Sivassa (© Silchar @ Singrauli 8. Which one of the following ports was developed to relieve the pressure on Kolkata pert? (a) Haka 0) Paradip (©) Vishakhapatnam (4) Navashera 6o 2 8 8w Fill in the Blanks Complete the following statements with appropriate word(s) “The National Highway links parts ofthe country. 2 The first port developed soon alter independence is 3. With the development in and ‘transport, expanded far and wide, 4 connec: the district headquarters with other places ofthe district. 5. Under the government scheme of every villege of the country i Hinked to a ‘major town in the country by a motorable road. are the cheapest means of transport. L@ 26 3 4 KO the area of influence of trade and | extreme 2 Kandla 8. science, technology 4. Districts roads | Te Lato same onarabe aa] Read the following statements carefully and state whether the following statements are true or false. 1 Pawanhans Helicopters Ltd. provides helicopter services to oiland Natural Gas Corporation in its offshore operations to inaccesible areas. Air travel is within a reach ofthe common people Extreme south-eastern por of Taticorn isin Kerala Marmagao port isthe premier iron ore exporting port of the county. The Gi tional Waterway No. ga river between Allahabad and Haldia i 6a ny ‘Geography: Contemporary rains! 257 weerVery Short Answer Questions jy OTOH Each of the following questions are of ! mark and hove tobe answered in one word or ane sentence. Q. 1. Why do we need transportation? ‘Ans. Goods and services do not move from their sappy locations to demand locations on their own, The movementof these youdsand servies necesskatesthe need for transport. Q.2. Why is an efficient means of transport considered as a pre-requisite for fast development? ‘Ans. The pace of development ofa country depends upon the production of goods and services a well as their movement over space Q.3. Whatis the extent of North-South Corridor of India? Ans. North-South Corridor links Srinagar (Jammu and Kashmir) to Kanyakumari (Tamil Nadu) Q.4, Name the southern terminal station of the ‘North South Corridor: (CASE Daths 2017) dns. Kanyakumari Q.5. Name the river whieh is related to National Waterways? No. L. [CASE Delhi 2017) ‘Ans. Ganga Q.6. How is East-West Corridor connected? ‘Ans. East-West Corridor is connecting Silchar (Assam) inthe East to Porbandar (Gujarat) in the west Q.7. Whatdo you know shout Golden Quadrilateral? ‘Ans. The government haslaunched a major road development project linking Delhi-Kolkats, Chennai Mumbai and Delhi by six lane super highway. Its boked after by National Highway Authority of Indi {Q.8. Who looks after the National Highways of India? ‘Ans. Central Pubic Works Department (CPWD). {Q.9. What do you know about National Highway 1? Ans. The historical Sher Shah Suri Margis caled National Highway 1. {tis located between Delhi and Q.10, Which places are linked by National Highway 2 and 3? ‘Ans. National Highway 2 links Delhi to Kolkata and National Highway 8 links Gwalior to Jhansi Q.11. Whatdo you know shout National Highway 7? ‘Ans. National Highway 7is the longest and traverses 2369 kms between Varanasi and Kanyakumari via Jabalpur, Nagpur, Hyderatud, Bangalore and Madurai Q. 12, How is Mumbai and Dethi connected by road? ‘Ans. Delhi and Mumbai is well connected by National Highway 8 (Q-13. What do you know about National Highway 152 ‘Ans. National Highway 15 covers most ofthe Rajasthan. Q.14. Who looks after State Highways of India? ‘Ans. State Public Works Depariment (PWD) in states and union territories Q.15, Name the river related to National Waterways No.2. [case (ay 2017) The river related to National Watervay No.2 is River ‘Brahmaputra ‘What do you know about District Roads? Distria Roads connect the district headquarters wi ‘maintained by Zila Parishad. Q.17. What docs Road Density’ mean? ‘Ans. The length of road per 100 sq, kms of area is known as density of roads other places of the district. These roads are (258 Xam idea Social Science-X(Q. 18, When was the first train in India launched? ‘Ans. The first train steamed off from Mumbai to"Thane in 1853, covering distance of 8 kms Q. 19. What isa new arrival on the transportation map of India? [CBSE Semple Paper 2015] “Ans. Pipeline ransport network isa new arrval on the transportation map of India to transpor liquids as well assoidsin hurry fr Q. 20. What isthe significance of waterways? ‘Ams. Waterways are the cheapest means of transportation and good for carrying heavy goods. Is fuel efficient and environment friendly mode of transport Q.21, How many ports do we have in India? ‘Ans. With a long coastline of 7516.6 kms, India i dotted with 12 major and 181 buy wives and minor por. 22, Name the first sea port developed after independence on the western coast of India. [ease 2017) ‘Ans, Kandla (Q. 23. Name the State related to National Waterways No. 3. lease (#2017) ‘Ans, State related to National Waterways No is Kerala Q. 24, Name the port and state which caters o the export of Iros-ore of Kudremukh river. ‘Ans. New Mangalore Port in Kartsitak, Q. 25. Where is Kochi port located? ‘Ans. At the entrance of alageon with a natural harbor in Kerala, Q. 26, Which isthe oldest artificial Fort of India? ‘Ans. Chennai 27, Which is the deepest landlocked port of India? “Ans. Vishakhapatnam, (Q. 28. Which isthe Inland port of India? ‘Ans. Kolkata ‘Q. 29, Name the Sea ports of Eastern Coast in descending order. ‘Ans. Haldia and Kolkata Ports, Vishakhapatnam Port, Chennai Port, T Q. 30. Write the name ofthe international airport of Mumbsi. (cBSE (F) 2017) "Ans, Chhatarpati Shivaji Airport Q.31. What do you know about Indian postal network? ‘Ans. The Indian postal network isthe largestin the world. It hanes parcels as well as personal letters Q, 32, What does ‘Mass Communication’ mean? ‘Ans, Mass communication provides entertainment and creates awareness among people about various ‘national programmes and policies. Q. 53. What do you mean by ‘rade’? ‘Ans. The exchange of goods among people, states and countries is referred to as trade, (Q. 34. What is “International Trade’? ‘Ans. Trade between two or more countries is called International Trade. Q, 35, What does ‘balance of trade’ mean? ‘Ans. The balance of rade of 3 country i the difference between its exports and imports Q. 36. What is favourable balance of trade? ‘Ans. When the value of exports exceeds the value of import, itis called a favourable balance of trade, (Q.57. What does unfavourable balance of trade mean? Geography: Cntemporaryindiast 259)|Ans. Ifthe value of imports exceeds the value of exports, itis termed as unfavourable balance of trade (Q. 38. Is it rue that India’s trade has been superseded by Information and Technology? ‘Ans. India has emerged as a software giant at the international level and it i earning large foreign exchange through the export of information technology. Q.39, What are the benefits of tourism? ‘Ans. Tourism promotes national integration, provides support to local handicralts and. cultural jpurmits. It ako helps in the development of international understanding about our culture heritage (Q.40, What types of tourisms attract tourists to India? ‘Ans. (1) Heritage tourism (2) Ecotourisin (8) Adventure tourism (4) Culural tourism (5) Medicaltourism (6) Business tourism Q.41. Which states are important destinations of foreign touriats? ‘Ans. Rajasthan, Goa, Jammu and Kashmir and temple owns atract foreign tourist in India (Q.42. Handling of exports and imports on a large scale is done conveniently from the Kandla port. ‘Why? [CBSE Sample Paper 2017), ‘Ans. Kandla isa tidal port, hence large ship can enter and leave the port exsily Short Answer Questions Each ofthe following questions are of S marks and have to be answered in about 80 words. Q.1. “Tourism industry in India has grown substantially over the last three decades.” Support the statement (CBSE (AD) 2017) ‘Ans. Tourism industry in India has grown substantially over the last three decades (Foreign tourism arival in the country had seen an increase contributing Rs 21,828 crore of forewgn exchan Gi) More than 15 million people are directly engaged in turism industry. (i) Over 26 milion foreign tours vst Inia every year. (iv) Tourism alo promotes national integration and provides support to local handerats Q.2. “The advancementof international trade of: country san index ofits economic development” Jusity the statement. {CHB (40) 2017) ‘Ans. “The advancement of international rade of «country isan index ofits economic development () isconsidered as the economic barometer ofa country (i) Asthe resources are space bound, no country can survive withou (ii) favourable balance of trade of a country indicates economic development (iv) International trade helps in exchange f surplus goods with those of dfick countries. (0) Exchange of commodities and goods have heen superseded by the exchange of information and knowledge. Q.5. What are the problems faced by the Indian railways? ‘Ant. The Indian railways faces the following protlems: (i) Many passengers uavel without tickets “Thefts and damage of railway property has not yet stopped complete People stop thetrairs and pall he chain unnecessary: Tis causes heavy damage tothe railway ternational trade, From Salaya in Gujarat to Jalandhar in Pun via Viramgam, Mathura, Delhi and Sonipat Gas pipeline from Hazira in Gujarat connects Jagdishpur in Utar Pradesh via Vijupur in Madhya Pradesh. (250 ram idea Social SconceQ. 5. What are the advantages of waterways? sways are the cheapest means of transport. “They are mos suitable for carrying heavy and bulky goods. They are fueLetficient and ako environment-triendly mode of transport . 6. How does India account for the largest telecom network in India? ‘Ans. (i) More than two-thirds ofthe villages in India have already been covered with the Subseriber ‘Trunk Daalling (STD) teephone facility. i)_In order to strengthen the flow of information from the grassroot to the higher level, the government has made special provision to extend twenty-four hours STD facility 0 every village in the country (ii) There sa uniform rate of STD faites all over India, {thas been made possibleby integratingthe development in spacetechology with communication technology. Q. 7. What are the advantages of using pipelines? Ans. (@) Pipelines are used for transporting crude of, petroleum products and natural gas from oit and natural gs fields to refineries, fertilizer factories and big thermal plants. (i). Solids can also be transported through pipelines when converted into slurry. com of laying a pipelines high but subsequent running costs are minimal It rules out nent loses or delays (G8. What is pipeline transportation? Write two merits and demerits of the same, [CBSE Saaple Paper 2016) ‘Ans. Pipeline transport network is the new mode of transport these days. In the past pipelines were used to transport water to cies and industries. Now, these are used for transporting crude ol, petroleum products and natural gas from oiland natural gas fields to refineries, fertilizer factories And big thermal power plants Solids can also be wansported through pipeline when converted intoshurry: Merits: Useful in transporting liquids and solid slurry from far away locations (ii) Subsequent running coss after laying down the network are minimal (ii) Te rules out transshipment leses or delays. Demerite: (© Initial cos of laying pipelines is high (i) Pipelines can burst or can have leakage leading to wastage of valuable resource like water, mineral el, ete (Q. 9. Why is air travel economical in north-eastern regions? ‘Ans. (i) Airways can cover very ficult terrains like high mountains, dreary deserts, dense forests ‘and long oceanic stretches with great ease (i) North-eastern part ofthe country is marked with the presence ofbig vers dissected relies, ‘deme forests and frequent showers and floods and international frontiers, te (ii)_Air travel has made access easier to these undulating north-eastern sates of India Q.10. Give three advantages of personal communication. ‘Ans. @) Ie keeps you in touch with your near and deat one (i) Long distance communication is abo easier without physical movement ofthe communicator (ii) Tehelps in ails. eg Geography: Contemporary indian 261T. It's the communication between person to I's the communication among masses, person. Zt provides necessary communication | i provides entertainment as well as creates between two people making man a socal | awareness among the masses. animal 3. We have leters, emails, SMS, tekephone |i indudes radio, television, newspapers, and mobile phone facilities which ako | magizines, books, films, e. include STD anal ISD services. Q.12. Which three highways ar included in Super Highways of Inia? ‘Ans. () Golden Quadrilateral: The government of India has launched a major road development projet linking Deli, Kolkata, Cheanat, Mura and Deth by #sx-ane superhighway. ) The North-South Corridor: In the north, it links Srinagar of Jammu & Kashmir to Kanyakumari in Tamil Nadu. ‘The East West Corridor: It connects Silchar of Assam in the west Q.13. Whatare the major objectives ofthese Super Highways? ‘Ana. The major objective ofthese Super Highways i to reduce the time and diance between mega sities of India. These projects have also helped in the economic development ofthe country ‘These highway profes are being implemetted by the National Highway Authority of india (stan. Q.14. Whatis the strategic importance of New Mangalore and Kochi ports? ‘Ans (New Mangalore: This port is located in Kamnataha and caters 1 the export f irom ore concentrates fem Kudeemukh mines ()_ochi: Kochi isthe extreme South-Western port, located atthe entrance of Lago with 3 satura harbour This ports having the biggest ship building yard (Q.15. What hind of port is Port of Tuticorin? ‘Ans. Moving along the east coast, we can se the extreme South Eastern Port of Tuticorin. This port ‘asa natural harbour and rich hinterland. It has a ourshing trae handlings ofa large varity «fcangoes to even cur neighbouring counties like Si Lanka, Maldives, et. and the coastal regions of tia. (Q.16, Name the major international airports of India. ‘Ans. (@) Delhi: Indira Gandhi International Airport (3) Ammen Raja Sanat (Gi) Kolkata: Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose International Aiport (iv) Mumbai: Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport (0) Chenaas Mecnambakam tnternatonal Airport (i) Thiruvananthapuram: Nedimbacherry International Axport Q.17. Whatis India's status in the making of feature films? ‘Ana, Indinis the largest producer of featire films inthe world. I produces short films, video fnture fms and video shor fins. The Central Board of Film Certification isthe authority to certify both Indian and foreign ts Q.18, What commodities re exported by India? ‘Ans. Cominxlies exported from India ate: agriculture and li 262. xam idea Social Scence-X 9 eat t6 Porbandar of Gujarat in ternational Airport products, ores and minerals, gemsand jewellery, chemical and allied products, engineering goods and petroleum products. India thas emerged as a software giant’ at the international level and iti caring foreign exchange through the export of information technology. 18, Why dothe movement of goods and services from one place to another require fastand efficient ‘means of transport? Explain with examples. (CBSE Desi 2017) ‘Ans, Requirement of efficient means of transport: (@) Weuse different materials and services in aur daily Be. Some ofthese ate available in ou immediate surroundings, while ether requirements are met by bringing things from other places. (ii) Goods and services do not move from supply locales to demand lociles on their own. The movement of these goods and services from their supply locations to demand locations necessitates the need for transpo. (ii) The products come to the consumers by transpertation, (iv) The pace of development ofa country depends upon the production of goods and services as well as their movement over space. (Q. 20. Evaluate any three features of ‘Golden Quadrilateral’ Super Highways. [CISE (A) 2017) "Ane. Three features of Golden quadrilateral Super Highwa (), Ikis the government project of major road development linking Delhi, Kolkata, Chennai, Mumbaiand Delhi Gis six ane super highways, (ii) Te has the objective to reduce the ime and distance between the mega cities of Indi (jv)_Ttisimplemented by the NHAI for quick andcomiortable movement of goods and pasengers in India Q. 21. “Information and Communication technology has played a major rolein spreading out production ‘of sericea cro countries.” Justify the statement with examples, [ens (7) 2010} ‘Ans. Technology stimulated the globalization proces: (@) Improved transportation technology has made much faster delivery of goods across long distance at lover cot. (ii). Goods are placed in the containers that can be loaded intact onto ships, railways, planes and trucks, (ii) “Technology in the areas of telecommunication, computers, and internet has been changing rapidly iv) "Telecommunication uclties are used to contact one another around the world Q. 22. “Airways isthe most preferred mode of transport in North-Eastern states of Indi.” Give three reasons to prove this preference. [CBSE Sample Paper 2017 oR Why is air travel more popular in the North-Eastern states of India? Explain. [CASE (F) 20161 ‘Ans. Air travel is more popular ia the north eastern states of India hecause: (The north-catern part ofthe country is marked with the presence of big rivers, dissected ief and dense forests hene, its dificult w coastruet roads and alway lines there. ) ‘There are frequent floods and international frontiers, which require immediate and quick attention from the government authorities. Floods also damage roads and railway lines. ‘Air travel has made access to north-eastern part of the country easier and quicker ‘ Q. 28, How are transport, communication and trade complimentary to each other? Ans. (i) Fora long time, trade and transport were restricted toa limited space, (ii) Today the world has been converted into a large village with the help of efficient andl fast ‘moving transport. ‘Geography: Contemporary india-t! 263(Gi) “Transport has been able to achieve this with the help of equally developed communication Q.24, What has contributed o the socio-economic progress of India? ‘Ans. i) Today, India is well inked with the rest of the world despite Ws vast size diversity and linguistic and socio-cultural plrality. Gi) Railways, airways, waterways, newspaper, radio tele ‘contributing to es socio-economic progress in many ways (Q.25. Classify roads on the bass of their capacity. cinema, internet, et, have been ‘Ans. i) North South Corridors (i) East west Corridors (ii) Golden Quadeilateral (Gv) National Highways (©) Sate Highways (i) Distiet Roads (i) Rural Roads (wii) Border Roads Q.26. What role docs Pawanhans Helicopter Ltd. play? ‘Ans. Pawanhans Helicopter Ltd, provides helicopter service to Oiland Natural Gas Commission in its «af shore operations o inaccessible areas and difficult terrains like the North-Easern States and the imerior parts of Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh and Unaranchal Long Answer Questions ji TTT] Ishi eign set es baa Oe ae ole es en at ea cae cence, etoeent tema pene =r st ee perked eifwn oie deisel eaecnare ce wicadiemue nae epetaae Serene ether i perish qeniehonpeneperenennrerra rer Sates cee aaa ae Pola ge cuper ner rpenkeecsigeeeten nna tees ie es et aks SE oe Pippa fercerpicermer norma nh ee ea dai terpertciyr erin Siete gamut neces geatrecgs - State any four merits of railways. ‘Ans. (i). Railways isthe principal mode of transportation for freight and passengers in India. Gi) Railways ako makes it possible to conduct a number of activities lke busines, sightseeing pilgrimage along with transportation of goods over long distances (ai) Apart from being a means of transport, che Indian railways has been a gieat integrating force for more than 150 years. 264 xan idea Social Seienee-x(iv). Railways in India binds the economic life of the country by developing industry and agriculure through transportation, The Indian railways is the largest public sector undertaking in India, Q-4. Classify roads of India on the basis oftheir capacity. ‘Ans. ()) Golden Quadrilateral Super Highways: These projects are implemented by the National Highway Authority of India (NHAD. There are three major Super Highways. Golden Quadrilateral starts from Delhi, moves to Mumbai, Chennai, Kolkata and back to Delhi. ‘The North-South Corridor stars from Srinagar to Kanyakumari, The East West Corridor connects Silchar to Porbandar (i) National Highways: ‘These reads are laid and maimained by Central Pubke Works Department (CPWD).A number of major National Highways ran in North-South and East West directions, ¢g., Sher Shah Suri Margis called National Highway No.1 (Gi) Saxe Highways: Koods linking a sate capital with different district headquarters are Iknownas state highways. These roads are constructed and maintained by States and Union “Territories, District Roads: These roads connect the district headquarters with other places of the dlstriet. These roads are maintained by the Zila Parishad, (9) Raral Roads: These roads link rural areas and villages with towns These roads are ‘constructed under the Pradhan Mantri Grameen Sadak Yojana, Q.5. What do you know about Kandla Port? ‘Ans. Kandla in Kachchh was the fist port developed soon after Independence toease the volume of trade on the Mumbai port. Itis the only important port of Gujarat as ater partition, the Karachi port had become a part of Pakistan. It isa tidal port. I eaters to the convenient handling of ‘exports and imports of highly productive granary and industrial belt stretching across the states ‘of Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan and Gujarat. ‘Q.6. What isthe contribution of Mumbai and Goa ports in the economy of India? ‘Ans. Mumbai isthe biggest port with a spacious, natural and wellsheltered harbor. The Jawaharlal Nehru port was planned with a view to decongest the Mambsi port and serve as « hub port for this region. “Marmagao port of Goa is the premier iron ore exporting port ofthe country. Ths port accounts for about filly per cent of India’s iron ore export. (Q.7. What isthe role played by the Eastern coastal port of India in trade? ‘Ans. () Chennai: Its one ofthe oklest atic ports ofthe country: Itis ranked nextto Mumbai terms of volume of trade and cargo. Vishakhapainam: Its the deepest landocked and well-protected port. This port was ‘originally conceived as an outlet for iron ore export (iii) Paradip Port: It's located in Odisha and specialises in the export of iron ore (Gy) Kolkata: Its an inland riverine por. This port serves a very large and rich hinterland of Ganga-Brahmapatra basin, Being a dal port, it requires constant dredging of Hoogly. (9) Haldia Port It was developed as a subsidiary port, in order to relieve growing pressure on, the Kolkata port. Q.8. What are the advantages of airways? ‘Ams. Today, air travel the fastest, most comfortable and the prestigious mode of transport. Itcan cover very difficult terrains lke high mountains, dreary deserts, dense forests and also Jong oceanic streiches with grea ease «In north-eastern part of India, there are big rivers, dissected relief, deme forests and frequent floods and international frontiers. In such situations, air transport is considered, tobe the best option. Government of India has made special provisions to make air travel pecket friendly to north-eastern states of India, i ‘Geography: Contemporary inda-t! 265Q.9. Which tourisms atract foreigners to India? ‘Ane. Foreign touriats visi India for heritage tourit, ecotoutiom, adventure tourien, cubiraltouriam, ‘medica tourism and business tourism. Agra (UP), Rajasthan, Goa, Jammu & Kashmir and temple towns of South India are important destinations of foreign tourists, There ta vast potential of tourism development in the north-eastern states and the interior parts of Himalayas, but due two strategic reasons, these have not been encouraged so far. However, there les a bright Future ahead for thi upcoming industry. Q. 10. Compare and contrast the merits and demerits of Roadways with those of Railways. [CBSE Sample Paper 2010) ‘Ans. Roadways vis Railways () Construction cost of roads is much lower than that of railway lines and construction time is alto comparatively less (ii) Reads can traverse comparatively more disseced and undulating topography which isa limitation in ease of railways. Reads can negotiate higher gradients of slopes and as such can traverse mountains like the Himalayas, whereas the mountainous regons are unfavourable for the construction ‘of railway Tines due to high rele, sparse population and lack of economic opportuni Likewise, itis dificult to lay railway lines on the sindy plains in the deserts, swampy or forested tracks (Gv) Read transport iseconomiaa in transportation of few persons and relatively smaller ammount ‘of goods over short distances whereas railways are suitable for transportation oflarge number ‘of people and goods in bull, especially overlong distances. (6). Readways provide door-todoor service, thus the cost of loading and unloading is mach lower but railways have not reached everywhere, ail there ate places which are yet to be ‘connected with the raiways. (vi) Read wansport isalso used as a feeder to other modes of transport such as they provide a link between railway sation, air and sea ports. On the other hand, railways work as a life ine for the economic growih of a country as they carry raw materials and produced goods from one part of the nation to another om a large scale. Q. 11, What is trade? Explain the importance of intemational trade, [CBSE Det 2016) "Ans. Trade: The exchange of goods among people, states and countries s referred to as trade. Importince: (i), International trade of a country isan index to its economic prosperity (ii) Ttis considered the economic barometer fora county. Aathe resources are space bound, no country can survive without internation trade (iv) Countries have trade relations with the major trading blocks (©) Exchange of commodities and goods have been superseded by the exchange ef information and knowledge. Q. 12. “Dense and efficient network of transport isa prerequisite for trade.” Examine the statement. [CRSE (F) 2017) ‘Ans. Dense and efficient network of transport isa prerequisite for trade because: (i) They provide trade and connectivity filties. (i). Railway, airways, water ways, ec: have been contributing to ts socioeconomic progres in many ways. (ii) The trades from local to international levels have added tothe vitality fits economy. (iv), Tehas enriched our lives (¥)_Tthas added subsiantially to growing amenities and facilites forthe comirts of lif (98) The world has been converted into a large village with the help of efficient and fast moving transport. 266. Xam cea Sacat ScienceQs. Ans, “Roadways still have an edge over railways in India.” Support the statement with arguments. (CBSE: (Compa) 2017, CBSE Delhi 2017, CBSE (AD 2016, 2019 32/1/1} OR How do roadways score over railways in India? Roadways still have an edge over railways in India: (@ Construction cos of roadways is much lower than that of railways. Its maintianance is cheap (i) Roadscan traverse comparatively more dissecting and undulating plains. Gi) Roadscan negotiate higher gradients of sopes and can traverse mountains like Himalayas (iv) Road transport is economical in transportation of few persons and small amount of goods ‘over short distances. () also provides door to door services (i) Cost ofloading and unloading is much lower. (vi) Road transport is also used asa feeder to other modes of transport such as they provide link between railway station, airports and sea ports, (vii) tis useful for transport of perishable commodities. Qu. ‘Ans. Qs, 5. The definition of tour Explain any five major problems faced by road transport in India. [CASE (F) 2017, CASE (a1) 2016) Five major problems faced by road transport in India are (Keeping in view the volume of traffic and passengers, the road networks inadequate. Gi) About 50% of the roads are unmetalled. (id) This mits their sage during the rainy season, (iv) The National highways are also inadequate. (9) Moreover, the raads are highly congested in cies (0) Most ofthe bridges and culverts are old and narrow. Define the term ‘tourism’. Why is tourism known asa trade? Explain. [ease (F) 2016) cal visits to places of interest The cultural, recreational and comm ina country is knowns tourist” “Tourism is known as trade, (Foreign tourist arrivals in the country contributing 864,880/- crore of foreign exch 2010, (Mote than 15 milion people are directly engaged in the tourism industry Gi) Tourism provides support to local handicrafts (io) Foreign tourists visit India for medica tourism and business tourism. (@) Helps in the growth of national income and integrity HOTS [Higher Order Thinking Skills) Qn Ans. “Transport routes are called the basic arteries of our economy.” Support this statement with: - | Weuuse different materials and services in our daily life, | Some of these are available in our immediate surroundings, while other requirements are ‘met by bringing things from other places. ‘* Goods and services do not move from supply locales to demand locales on thetr own, ‘# The movement of these goods and services from their supply locations to demand locations necessitates the need for transport. ‘+ Roads are very significant in carrying goods from one place to another and serve for local, national and intemational trade Geoyraph: Contemporary inda-tt 267+ Railways are the principal mode of transportation for freight and passengers in India. Railways bind the economic life of the country as well as accelerate the development of industry and agriculture. «+ Pipeline transportation was used for water transportation only. Now these are used for transporting crude oil, petroleum products and natural gas fromoil and natural gas felds to refineries, fertiliser factories and big thermal plants. ‘+ Waterways are the cheapest mode of transport. They are most suitable for carrying heavy and bulky goods. «+ Airtravel today i the fastest, mest comforable and prestigious mode of transport, Pawan Hans helicopters Ld. provides helicopter services to ofl and natural gas commission in ts ‘offshore operations to inaccessibie areas and difficult terrains lke the Northeastern states ‘and interior parts of Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh and Uttrakhand, (Q.2. “Transport, communication and trade are complementary to each other’. Explain with two camples. ‘Ans, The pace of development ofa country depends upon the production of goods and services as well, as their movement over space. Therefore, efficient means of transport is a prerequisite for fast development. * Fora long time, trade and transport were restricted to a limited space. ‘ With the development in science and technology the area of influence of trade and transport ‘expanded farand wide. + Today the world has been converted into alarge village with the help of efficent and fast ‘moving transport. + Transport hat been able to achieve this with the help of equally developed communication system, + Therefore, transport, communication and trade are complementary to each other. Q.5. Why isthe distribution of roads not uniform in India? Explain with examples. or ‘What problems are we facing with roadways in India? ‘Ane. Distribution of roads is not uniform in the county: {@)_ Density ofall roads varies from only 10 kins in Jammu and Kashmir to 552 kms in UP with, nal average of 125 kms. i). Keeping in view the volume of twafficand passengers, the road network is inadequate (ii) About half of the roads are unmettled and this imitstheir usage during the rainy season. (iv) The roadways are highly congested i cities anel mostof the bridgesand culverts are old and Q.4. “The distribution pattern of Indian Railway network is influenced by the physiographic factors” Examine the statement. oR How do physiographic, economic and administrative factors influence the railway network in India? {CBSE (Compe) 2017) oR ‘Analyse the physiographic and economic factors that have influenced the distribution pattern of the railway network in our country. (CBSE, 2015} oR Explain with examples the conditions responsible for uneven distribution patter of the railway networkin India. [CBSE ) 2016} ‘Ans. Physical and economic factors have influenced the distribution pattern of the Indian Railways Network: 268 Xam ideo Socia Sience-x() Northern Plains : Level land , high population density and rich agricultural resources provided the development of Railways in these plains. However a large number of rivers quiring construction of bridges across their wide banks posed some obstaces i) Peninsular region and the Himalayan region : The railway tracts ae lad through low ills, ‘gaps or tunnels The Himalayan mountainous regions are unfavourable for the construction, ‘of raihvay lines due to high relief, sparse population and lackof economic opportunities. (it) Desert of Rajasthan: It was difficut to lay railway lines on the sandy plain of western Rajasthan which has hindered the development of railways . (iv) Swamps of Gujarat, forested tracks of Madhya Pradesh, Chattisgarh, Odisha and tharkhand ate also not suitable for the development of railways. (©) The contiguous stretch of sahyadri could be crossed only thraugh gaps or passes. Although the development of Konkan railway along the west coast has facilitated the movement of passengers and goods in the most important economic region of india. It has also faced a ‘numberof problems such as sinking f track in some stretches and landslides. (vi) Peninsular plateau rich in minerals promotes industrial development, encourage the railway ‘racks. @.5. Describe the measures taken for the quick delivery of mails in cities and large towns. or How is classification of mails done by the postal networks of India? ‘Ans. The Indian postal network is the largest inthe world. It handles parcels as well as personal written communication. ‘« Cards and envelops are co both land and air. ‘¢ To facilitate quick delivery of mails in lage town and cities, sx main channels have been {introduced recently. They are called: (1) Rajdhani Channel, (2) Netro Channel, (3) Green Channel, (4) Business Channel, (5) Bulk Mail Channel & (6) Periodical Channel. Q.6. "No country can survive without international trade in the present Global world” Explain the statement. ‘Ans. As the resources are space bound, no country can survive without international trde. ‘= Export andimpert are the components of rade. ‘International rade helps in exchange of surplus goods with those of deficit countries through foreign trade ‘+ International trade helped India in inereasing its productivity and improving quality ofits ‘products and then exporting the manufactured goods. ‘International trade had also helped India to import recent technology to improve its productivity and the quality ofthe product. ‘¢ Government's policy of globalisation and liberalisation had helped fout folds in making its place in the Glotal World. Q.7. Why is tourism considered a trade as well as an industry? ‘Ans. Tourism in India has grown substantially over the last three decades (©) Foreign tourists’ arrival inthe country had seen an increase, contributing & 64,889 crore of foreign exchange. (i) More than 15 million people ae directly engaged in tourism industry. (Gi) Tourism also promotes national integration and provides support to local handicrafts. a fered first class mail and are airlifted between stations covering (Foreign tourists visit India for heritage tourism, ecotourism, adventure tourism, cultural tourism, medical tourism and business tourism. Geograph: Contemporary India-tt 269)(8) Rojasthan, Agra (UP), Goa, Jammu & Kashmir and temple towns of South India are important destinations of foreign tourists in India. (Q.8. Meansof transportation and communication called the lifelines ofa nation andits economy. Why? oR “Bficient means of transport are pre-requisites for the fast development.” Express your views in favour of this statement. CBSE Delhi 2016) ‘Ans. () Movement of goods and services from their supply locations to demand locations necessitates the need for transport. (id) The pace of a country depends upon the production of goods and services as well as their ‘movement over space. Gi) Therefore, efficient means of transport and communication are prerequisites for fast development. “Therefore, modem means of transport and communication serve a lifelines of ournation and its ‘modern economy, tions Q.1. Locateand lat the following features on the outline map of Ins ixses (@) Tuticorin Port [case 2019) (©) Rajiv Gandhi Airport (6) National Highway-2 ‘Ans. (a) Tuscorin Port (Tamilnady) {nse 2019) (b) Rajiv Gandhi Airport (Hyderabad, Telangana) {() Marked in bold black line 270 xomisea Socia Scence-xQ.2. Identify and mark the following om the given outline map of fndia: axs=s) (a) Two international Airports (with names) (b) Golden quadrilateral ‘Ans, (a) (i) Indira Gandhi International Airport (Delhi) (i) Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport (Mumbai) (b) Marked in bold blackline ‘Geography: Contemporary Int 271Q.3. Identify and mark the following on the given outline map of India: (@) Salem - Iron and Steel Centre (b) Kandla ~ Major Sea Port (©) Hyderabad ~ Software Technology Park ‘Ans. (a) Selam (Tamilnadu) (b) Kandla (Gujara) (6) Hyderabad (Telangana) 272 xam idea Social Seiece-XSERRE, 00 Cone: REET Answers to NCERT Questions Q.1. Multiple Choice Questions: (i) Which ofthe following extreme locations are connected by the east-west corridor? (2) Mombai-Nagpur (6) Mumbai and Kolkata (6) Silehar and Porbandar (@) Nagpur and Sitigudi ‘Aas, (¢) Silchar and Porbandar. ‘Which mode of transport reduces trana-shipment losses and delay? (@) Railways () Roadways (6) Pipetines (@) Waterways ‘Ans. (c)Pipetines. (ii) Which one of the following States is not connected by HLN.J. pipeline? (a) Madhya Pradesh (b) Maharashtra (©) Gujarat (@ Utar Pradesh ‘Ans. (b) Maharashtra (Gx) Which one ofthe following port is the deepest land-locked and well protected port along the (a) Chennai () Pandip () Tuticorin (@ Vishakhapatnam ‘Ams, (4) Vishakhapatnam. (©) Which one of the following is the most important mode af transportation in In (@) Pipetine () Railways (6) Roadways (@) Airways ‘Am. (¢) Roadways (si) Which one of the following terms is used to describe trade between two oF more countries? (©) International trade (@) Local trade Q. 2. Answer the following questions in about 30 words, ) State any three merits of roadways. ‘Ans. The three merits of rosdways are (@)_ Roadways provide connectivity o the extreme parts of the country, eren to such areas ‘nhere railways and other modes of transportation are not available. They can be formed on dlfiering topographies also, suchas in jungles, over rivers, mountains, et. (©) Cost of construction and maintenance is much lower than other modes of transportation. This allows different ies of government and private operators make roads ad maintain them as per their needs, (© Roads provide door to door service and is therefore is used as a means of access to other ‘modes of transport such as link to railway stations, airports, ports ete ‘Where and why isthe rail transport the most convenient means of transportation? ‘Ans. Railways are the most convenient means of transport in the Northern Plains of India. The fat m has eased the construction of ral tracks while dense population, agricultural and industrial Geography Contemporary indi! 273,‘ade has favoured the gronth of railwaysin thic region. Rail ransportis considered a convenient mode of transportation as railways can tansport lager number of goods and passengers over Tong distances at economical cost and comfort “What isthe significance of the horder roads? ‘Ans. The Border Roads provide a link tothe border frontiers and towns of our country. These roads are required by armed forces toaccess and protect India's border. The Borddet Road Organisation under the Government of India constructs and maintains these roads (iv) What is meant by trade? What isthe difference between international and local trade? ‘Ana. Exchange of goods, commeditie or tervies between people, states or countries is termed astride, “The exchange of commodities between two of more countries is termed as international trade. Local trade is carried between des, towns or villages within a particular region of a country. Answer the following questions in about 120 words. {@) Why are the means of transportation and communication called the lifeline of anation and its ‘economy? ‘Ans. The means of transportation provide the main link to transfer and exchange goods quickly, ‘especially large goods over long distances. This provides an efficient means to source raw ‘materials and dlstribute finished products, thereby leading to faster trade routes, They also provide a lrger coverage in terms of area, which brings people of diflerent regions within the ‘Country and the world closer toone another. Therefore, the means of transportation alow faster access to large number of producers and consumers, thereby leading to a growth in trade and subsequently development of the economy. i) Writes note on the changing nature ofthe International trade in the ast iteen years. Ans, Trade relations among differen: countries and regions have increased in the past 15 years. Many countries such as China, Brazil, South Arica, India, among others have increased their share of international trade, In India, export of agricultural products, mining products, jewellery, ‘chemicals, etc, while import of petroleum products, gold, engineering products, etc. have increased inthe past decade. There has been a growth of trade of services and human resources inthe global market. India has emerged as an exporter of Information Technology and large semiskilled and skilled labour. Q.4. Quiz Drive @) Northern terminal of the North-south corridor, (Gi) The name of National Highway No. 1 (ii) The headquarter of the southern railway zone. (iv) The nil gauge with a track width of 1 676 m. () The southern terminal ofthe National Highway No. 7. (i) A Riverine Post (vii) Busiest railway junction in Northern India. ‘Ans. (i) Srinagar i) Delhi-Dankuni (near Kolkata) (its the port of the Golden quadrilateral super highways} (i) Chennai central (iv) Broad gauge (9) Tuticorin (oi) Port of Kolkata (vi) Mughal Sarai 274 Xam Wea Social Seterce-xSELF ASSESSMENT TEST ‘Time Allowed: 1 hou Max. Marks: 40, SECTION-A (1. Choose and write the correct answer for each ofthe following. axs=9) (@ feisnotthe national highway: (@) Grand Trunk Road () Agra-Mumbai Road (©) Mathura Road (@) Greater Noida Express vay (i) Gauge isthe term used to state (@) The place where there is provision of loading and unloading of ships () The place om the sea coast (©) The high pedestal built along the coastline (d) The width before the two rails ofthe railway line Gateway isthe name given to (@) Harbour (6) Port (6) Dock (@) Tidal port (Ge) Which of the following locations are joined by the east-west corridor? (@) Mumbai and Nagpur () Mumbai and Kolkata (6) Sileher and Porbandar (@) Nagpur and Sliguéi () "BOT stands for: (@) Bureau of Transport (@) Bureau of Trans-communication (©) Build, Operate and Transfer @ Bureaucracy Official against Terrorists (Q.2. Read the following statements carefully and state whether the following statements are True or False. (4x44) (The exchange of goods among people, states and countries i relerred to.as trade. i) Palam isnot the name of Dehi International Airport (i), Political factors influence the distribution of railway inthe country. (to) Brabmaputra isthe navigation river of India QS. Read the following statements carefully and state whether the following statements are True or False. (4x63) (Genial Government bails a ows = Natural Harbour B_[ Navigational rivers All india Radio ‘G| Means of wansport and communicaton (Ganga ard Brahmapura D__[ Nacional Higways 3._| Feet Communication F [Kochi @._ [Lifelines of the National Economy F [Akashwani SECTION-B (A) Answer the following questions in about 80 words, Ox5=15) QA. Define border reads, Mention its importance. 'Q.5. Mention 3 important networks of pipeline transportation in the country. Geography: Contemporary intial 275,Q.6. Differentiate between personal and mats communication, eR me (Q.7. Where and why is the rail ransport the most convenient means of transportation? (Q.8. Mark the following on the given outline political map of India: ixs=3 (@) Esse West Corridor from Sichar to Porbandar (0) Sea ports on the west coast (0) One International Airport of India ot KS (8) Answer the following questions in about 100 words each. @x3=15) (Q.9. How pipelines have phyed a significant role in the development of the country? Q- 10. Define international wade. Why it is considered as economic barometer of a country? 11. State the importance of tourismas a trade. 276 Xomidea social Science-*