Chapter 3 - Valves - 3.2022

Pneumatics & Hydraulics Technology
Chapter 3:
Pneumatic valves
Instructor: Phan Thi Thu Thuy
Higher Engineering Education Alliance Program

Contents
1 Introduction
2 Directional control valves
3 Non-return valves
4 Flow control valves
5 Pressure control valves
6 Shut-off valves
7 Combinational valves
2
Objectives
1. Applying ISO standard, be able to
label correctly the names of 10
popular types of pneumatic valves
concerned in the lecture in 5
minutes.
2. Be able to identify the properly

pneumatic valve ports according to
Symbol to ISO 5599 and Symbol
to ISO 1219 with 100% accuracy
3. Be able to choose the appropriate

valves to control the given actuators
in an appointed particular case
with 100% correctly.
Click the illustrations to start and stop animation 3
1 Introduction
4
Operation of pneumatic actuators
Single acting cylinder - spring return
Double acting cylinder
A B

Pneumatic Circuit Diagram
1.5
Actuator
1.4 A B
Final control
element
S P R
1.3 A
Signal
1.1 A A
processor
1.2
Signal input
P R P R
0.2
0.1 A
P R
Energy supply
(source)
Compressed air
Click the illustrations to start and stop video 6
2 Directional control valves
1. Introduction
2. Valve operators
3. Valve symbol structure
4. 2/2-3/2 way directional control valve
7
Introduction
 The basic function of

directional control valve is
to switch air flow to
control the operation of
actuator.
8
Operators
 An operator is
the mechanism
that causes a Push Shrouded Mushroom Twist
Button Button Button
valve to change
state/position
 They are
classified as
manual, Emergency Key Key
mechanical and Switch Stop Released Operated
electrical
One Way Solenoid

Plunger Roller Trip Air Pilot Pilot
9
Operators
Manual
General manual Lever
Push button Rotary knob
Pull button Pedal
Push/pull button Treadle
10
Operators
Mechanical
Plunger Pressure
Roller Spring
normally as a
return
Uni-direction
or one way
trip Detent in
3 positions
11
Operators
Electrical
Solenoid direct Solenoid pilot

with manual
override and
external pilot
Solenoid pilot
supply
Solenoid pilot When no

with manual integral or
override external pilot
and integral pilot supply is shown
supply it is assumed to
be integral
12
Functional elements
Arrows Straight or sloping 2 ports are

path and flow connected
direction, or motion
Tee Closed path or port 1 port
13
Functional elements
Ports Symbol to ISO 5599 Symbol to ISO 1219
Supplied ports / Inlet 1 P
Working ports / outlet 2, 4, 6, … A, B, C, …
Exhaust ports 3, 5, 7,… R, S, T, …
Pilot signals 12, 14, … X, Y,…
2 A
12 X
1 3 P R
14
Valve symbol structure
 The function of a valve is given by a pair of numerals
separated by a stroke, e.g. 2/2, 3/2, 5/2..
Number of main ports
2
Number of states/positions
(number of blocks)
2/2 – way valve
1
3/2 – way valve

1 3
4 2
5/2 – way valve

5 1 3
Video: How to Read a Spool Valve 15

Valve symbol structure
 The operator for a particular state is illustrated right
next to that state
2
Normal
•Operated state/position
state/position
produced by
produced by a
pushing a button
spring
1 3
A 3/2 valve therefore has 3 ports (normally these are inlet,
outlet and exhaust) and 2 states (the normal state and the
operated state)
3/2-way valve, actuation by pressing, spring return, normally closed
16
Test question: Match names with valves
a. 2/2 valve
 
b. 3/2 valve
c. 4/2 valve
 
d. 4/3 valve
e. 5/2 valve
 
f. 5/3 valve
17
Construction of directional control valves
 The constructional  Designs are categorised as

principle of a follows:
directional control Poppet valves:
valve is an important – Ball seat valve
factor as far as the
service life, switching – Disc seat valve
time, type of Slide valves:
actuation, connection – Longitudinal slide valve
methods and size (spool valve)
are concerned. – Longitudinal flat slide valve
– Plate slide valve
18
Poppet valves
 The connections are opened and
closed by means of balls, discs,
plates or cones.
 The valve seats are usually
sealed simply using flexible
seals. Seat valves have few
parts which are subject to wear
and hence they have a long
service life. They are insensitive
to dirt and are robust.
 The actuating force, however, is
relatively high as it is necessary
to overcome the force of the
built-in reset spring and the air
pressure.
19
Slide valves
 In slide valves, the individual
connections are linked
together or closed by means
of spools, flat slide or
plate slide valves.
 A spool has a number of
major and minor diameters
called lands and valleys
 The lands seal with the
valve bore and the valleys
connect valve ports to
control flow direction
(Spool Types)
20
Disc Seals
A disc seal is a loose fit in

the groove, with the outer
diameter just in contact
with the valve bore.
Dynamic seal type has the
seals on the spool
Glandless type have no
sliding seals
Static seal type has the
seals fixed in the valve
bore
21
2/2 – Way valve
 2 ports 2 positions
 A 2/2 valve is usually

used as a simple on/off
function
 Here the valve is in

essence a plunger or
poppet with a seal
acting against a spring
3/2- way directional control valve
1. 3/2-way roller lever valve, internal pilot, normally closed
2. 3/2-way directional control valve with air pressure pilot
operation
3. 3/2-way directional control valve, normally closed
4. 3/2-way directional control valve, normally closed with disc
seat principle (poppet valve)
5. 3/2-way directional control valve, normally open
6. 3/2-way directional control valve, seat valve, with air pilot
operation
7. 3/2-way directional control valve – spool valve
8. 3/2-way directional control valve, hand slide valve
Video What is a Spool vave Video
23
3/2 - way roller lever valve,
1
internal pilot, normally closed
 Piloted valves require only minimal
actuating forces.
 A small hole connects the pressure
connection 1 and the pilot valve.
 If the roller lever is operated, the pilot valve
opens.
 Compressed air flows to the diaphragm and
actuates the main valve disc. The first effect
is the closing of the path 2 to 3 followed by
the second disc seat opening the airway
from 1 to 2.
 The return position is effected by means of
releasing the roller lever, thereby closing the
pilot valve. The valve is exhausted via the
hollow stem. The pilot piston of the main
valve is returned to its initial position via the
reset spring.
24
3/2 - way roller lever valve,
1
internal pilot, normally closed
3/2 - way roller lever valve, 3/2 - way roller lever valve,
internal pilot, normally internal pilot, normally open
closed
25
3/2-way directional control valve
2
with air pressure pilot operation
 Air applied at the 12 port moves the valve plunger against the reset spring.
The connections 1 and 2 are connected.
 Upon release of the signal at port 12, the pilot spool is returned to the initial
position by the return spring. The disc closes the connection between 1 and
2. The excess air in the working line 2 is exhausted through 3.
26
3/2-way directional control valve,
3
normally closed
 The spring loaded ball shuts off the
flow of compressed air from P to A.
Working line A is connected with
the pusher rod.
 When the pusher rod is actuated,
the ball first shuts off the exhaust
port and then it is lifted off its seat.
 In reverse direction the ball first
shuts off pressure line P before the
exhaust port in the pusher rod is
opened to allow ventilation from A
to R, i.e. ventilation of the valve
does not overlap.
27
4
normally closed with disc seat principle
(poppet valve)
 A characteristic of these valves
is the disc being held in sealing
position by a spring. In addition,
the valve disc is being held by
compressed air.
 Disc valves offer large valve
opening areas with short-
distance operations. They are
not sensitive to dirt and are very
durable. The 3/2-way directional
control valve shuts off P from A
in zero position and air is
exhausted from A to R.
28
5 3/2-way directional control valve,
normally open
 In idle position the 3/2-way
directional control valve with
normally open position opens from
P to A and shuts off exhaust valve
R.
 When the push rod is pressed the
sealing disc shuts off flow of air
from P to A. The second off its seat
by the shoulders of the push rod. A
exhausts to R.
 Used for control of single acting
clamping cylinders. (NO-function).
29
6
seat valve, with air pilot operation
 3/2-way directional control valves are actuated by a
diaphragm. The large effective surface of the diaphragm
offers the possibility to operate the valve with a control
pressure of 120kPa (1.2 bar/17.4psi) against a working
pressure of 600kPa (6 bar/87 psi).
 Interchange connections P and R to operate the valve in
normally open position.
30
3/2-way directional control valve –
7
spool valve
 The 3/2-way directional
control valve with spring
return of the control spool can
be employed as a signal
element to reverse air-
operated impulse valves
(spool valves)
 Unoperated: P closed
A exhausted to R
 Operated: P connected to A
R closed
31
8
hand slide valve
 Valves with hand sliding spool

are used as shut-off (main)
valves in pneumatic devices.
When the outer sleeve is
slided to the left the closed-
circuit type wind tunnel of the
sleeve connects A with R and
pressure is released.
32
Describe the way of using valve ports ?
 A 3 port valve provides the

inlet, outlet and exhaust path
and is the normal choice for
control of a single acting
cylinder
2  In the normal position
12 produced by the spring, the
valve is closed
 In the operated position
1 3 produced by the push button
the valve is open
 The push button must be
held down for as long as the
Actuator control cylinder is outstroked
33
4/2- 4/3 way directional control valve
1. 4/2-way directional control valve, air pilot actuated

2. 4/2-way directional control valve, slide valve
3. 4/2-way directional control valve with roller lever and internal
pilot valve
4. 4/2-way valve, disc seat
5. 4/3-way directional control valve, rotary slide valve
34
air pilot actuated
 Pneumatic 4/2-way directional control
valves have two pilot spools. The
bore of the left-hand control piston
connects A with R. The bore of the
right-hand control piston connects P
with B.
 To operate the valve admit air
through Port Z to hit the diaphragm
piston.
 Release pressure through Z to return
the piston into its initial position. This
is assisted by return springs. The
diaphragms of the control pistons are
lifted past a dead center and snap
into their basic position.
35
slide valve
 Reversal of the valves with flat sliding
spool is effected by a control piston at
control connections Z or Y.
 An additional flat sliding spool
connects working pipes A and B with
exhaust line R. As the sliding spool
wears it is automatically adjusted by
the pressure of a spring and the
existing air pressure. This guarantees
high durability.
 A compression impulse on control port
Y or Z will reverse the valve. The
control piston remains in its present
position when air exhausted from
control pipes.
36
4/2-way directional control valve with
3
roller lever and internal pilot valve
 In the 4/2-way directional
control valves compressed air
flows through the 3/2-way
directional control pilot valve
and hits two diaphragms.
 The working power is 1.8 N

(180p) at 600 kPa (6bar / 87
psi) working pressure as it is
piloted 3/2-way directional
control valves.
37
4 4/2-way valve, disc seat
4/2-way valve, 4/2-way valve,

disc seat, unactuated disc seat, actuated
 A disc-seat 4/2-way valve is similar in construction to the

combination of two 3/2-way valves, one valve normally
closed and the other normally open.
38
4/3-way directional control valve, rotary
5
slide valve
 Directional double disc
valves are usually supplied
with hand or foot control.
 Set the lever in mid position
to exhaust air from all
working pipes. The piston of
a double acting cylinder
connected to this valves is
then in the so-called floating
position, i.e. it can be moved
by outside power.
39
40
spool valve, compressed air actuated
 In slide valves the control member moves transverse to the direction of flow
of the medium to be controlled. This is characteristic off these valves.
 They can be reversed by all possible operations. Control powers simply
have to overcome the friction of the sliding spool respectively the control
piston in the valve body. Pneumatic spool valves offer the possibility of
switching a higher operating pressure at ports Y and Z with comparative low
working pressure.
41
Video
42
Test question: Describe the way of
using valve ports ?
 A five port valve provides
an inlet port 1 that is
switched between two
outlet ports 2 and 4 each
with an exhaust port 3 & 5
4(B) 2(A)  In the normal position
produced by the spring 1 is
X Y connected to 2 with 4 to
exhaust 5
5 (S) 3 (R)
 In the operated position
produced by pushing the
button port 1 is connected
to 4 with 2 to exhaust 3
1(P)
Actuator control
43
Test question: Describe working principle of
2 circuit diagrams?
1.3 1.0 1.3 1.4
1.0
1.1 A B
1.1 A B
1.3 2
S R
P
S R
P 2
1.4
2 2
1.2 1.3 1 3
2 1 3
1.2
1 3 1 3
1 3
(a) (b)
44
Test question: Which valves can be used to
control single/double acting cylinder ?
4/2 valve
4/3 valve
3/2 valve
5/2 valve
5/3 valve
2/2 valve 4/2 valve 5/2 valve 4/3 valve
5/3 valve
3/2 valve
45
Exercise
Your Task: _ +
1. Label correctly the name of the

pneumatic valve A, B and C in
the below circuit. Valve A
2. Label the valve ports and pilot

signals of valve A, B and C Valve B Valve C
according to Symbol to ISO 5599 2
3. Choose another type of direction

control valve which can control
double acting cylinder and draw out
the pneumatic circuit.
46
3 Non-return valves
1. Non-return valves (check valves)

2. Shuttle valve (Logic “OR”)
3. Two-pressure valve (Logic “AND”)
4. Rapid exhaust valve
Animation
47
1 Non-return valves (check valves)
 As a rule non-return valves, permit flow of air in one

direction only and shut off the opposite direction.
 Blocking of the one direction can be effected by
cones, balls, plates or diaphragms.
 The sealing body of spring loaded non-return valves lifts
off its seat if pressure imposed on the spring is greater
than its initial stressing force.
Pneumatics Basic level TP101 Textbook – page 204 48

2 Shuttle valve (Logic “OR”)
 The shuttle valve permits compressed air to flow from

either of the connections 1 and 1(3) to 2
 The ball/shuttle in the valve always shuts off the opposite
connection. Suitable for actuation or control of pneumatic
devices from two positions. (OR-member)

Example 1: Shuttle valve (Logic “OR”)
What happens to the The Problem:
cylinder, if the push  A single-acting
button are pressed cylinder is to
for a very short advance if one of
period and then two push buttons
immediately is operated.
released? 2
 If the push button
1 1(3) is then released,
the cylinder is to
2 2 retract.
1 3 1 3
50
Example 2: The logic OR function
The Problem:
A double-acting cylinder
is to advance if one of
two push buttons is
operated.
If the push button is
then released, the
cylinder is to retract.

Test question: Shuttle valve (Logic “OR”)
 Which of the following applications would use
a shuttle valve like that shown in this Fig ?
a. Quick exhaust
b. Three station control
c. Safety release
d. Pressure relief valve
e. Two station control
52
Exercise: Shuttle valve (Logic “OR”)
 The problem: A double-acting cylinder is used to transfer
parts from a magazine.
 If either a push button or a foot pedal is operated, the cylinder is to extend.

 Once the cylinder is fully advanced, it is to retract to the initial position.
A 3/2-way roller lever valve is to be used to detect the full extension of the
cylinder.

Exercise: Shuttle valve (Logic “OR”)
1. Draw the circuit diagram

for the problem ?
2. Designate the valves

and indicate the
numbering system for the
connections (ports) ?

Solution 1: Shuttle valve (Logic “OR”)
A double pilot valve

should be fitted for the
control of the cylinder.
If the cylinder is to
retract on reaching its
fully extended position,
roller lever valves
should be used as limit
valves to confirm that
this position has been
reached.
55
Solution 1: Shuttle valve (Logic “OR”)
Question:
 What happens to
the cylinder, if the
push button or
pedal are pressed
for a very short
period and then
immediately
released?
 Describe the
operation of the
circuit ?
56
3 Two-pressure valve (Logic “AND”)
 Two-pressure valves have two pressure inlet ports 1 and 1(3).

 To obtain an output signal at 2 or A compressed air must flow
through both inlet ports. This output signal is required to stop flow of air.
 If one of the input signals is delayed it flows to port 2(A). Pressure
gradient results in the lower pressure flowing to port 2(A).

Two-pressure valve (Logic “AND”)
1.0 1.0
1.6 2
A 1.4
X Y
2 2 1 3
1.2 1.4 2
1.2
1 3 1 3
1 3
(a) (b)
58
Test question: Two-pressure valve (Logic “AND”)
 Which of the following statements is true for the

two pressure valve:
a. The output signal requires one input signal
b. The lowest pressure input flows to the outlet.
c. The first pressure
input flows to the
outlet.
d. The valve works the
same as a shuttle
valve
e. The valve checks
reverse flow
59
Example: Two-pressure valve (Logic “AND”)
The Problem:
 The piston rod of a double-
acting cylinder is to
advance when the 3/2-
way roller lever valve 1S2
is actuated and the push
button of the 3/2- way
valve 1S1 is actuated.
 If either of these are
released, then the cylinder
is to return to the initial
position.

Exercise: Two-pressure valve (Logic “AND”)
The Problem:
 The piston rod of the cylinder
1A is to advance only if a
workpiece is inserted in the
workpiece retainer, a guard
has been lowered and the
operator presses the push
button valve.
 Upon the release of the push
button or if the guard is no
longer in its lower position,
the cylinder 1A is to retract to
the initial position.
Exercise: Two-pressure valve (Logic “AND”)
Question:
 What happens to the
cylinder, if the push
button is pressed for a
very short period and
is then immediately
released ?
 Describe the operation

of the circuit ?

4 Rapid exhaust valve
 Rapid exhaust valves are used for fast ventilation of

cylinders and pipes. Particularly with cylinders of great
volume the speed of the piston can be increased multiply.
sealing
sleeve

Rapid exhaust valve
Quick-exhaust valves are used to increase the piston
speed of cylinders.
1.0 1.0
A
A 1.2
1.2
P R
P R
2 1.1 A B
1.1
1 3 S R
P
Animation 3.22
64
Exercise: Rapid exhaust valve
Problem:
 The combined actuation of a manually actuated valve and a roller
lever valve advances a forming tool on an edge-folding device.
 The forming tool is driven by a double-acting cylinder.
 For rapid forward travel, the circuit utilises a quick exhaust valve.
The retracting speed is to be adjustable.
 If either of the two valves are released, the tool returns to its initial
position.
Exercise: Rapid exhaust valve
Question:
 What happens to the cylinder
if the push button is pressed
for a short period and then
released?
 Describe the operation of the
circuit ?

4 Flow control valve
1. Throttle valve, bi-directional

2. Flow control – check valve
(One way flow control valve)
1. Flow control – check Animation
valve with
roller lever
67
1 Throttle valve, bi-directional
screw
nominal
width
 Flow control valves influence the volumetric flow of the compressed air
in both directions. The throttle valve is a flow control valve.
 Throttle valves are normally adjustable and the setting can be locked in
position. Throttle valves are used for speed control of cylinders. Care
must be taken that the throttle valve does not close fully, cutting off air
from the system.
68
Flow control – check valve
2
(One way flow control valve)
screw
nominal spring
width
seat
 In non-return valves compressed air can only flow in one direction

through a port which can be set by a screw. The adjustable port permits
flow control from 0 up to the nominal width of the valve. In opposite
direction the diaphragm lifts off its seat and admits free access to
compressed air.
69
Flow control – check valve
1.0 1.0 1.0
1.2 1.2 1.2
2 2
1.1 1.1
1.3
1 3 1 3
(a) (b)
2
1.1
1 3
(c)
70
Test question
 Assuming the flow controls are set
differently, what effect would reversing
the free – flow checks in both flows
controls have on the circuit ?
a. Reversing both extension and
retraction speed.
b. Meter extension speed only.
c. Meter retraction speed only.
d. No effect
e. Air would bypass both flow controls
71
Example: Memory circuit and speed control of a cylinder
The Problem:
 The piston rod of a double-
acting cylinder is to advance
when a 3/2-way push button
valve is actuated manually.
The cylinder is to remain
advanced until a second valve
is actuated.
 The signal of the second valve

can only take effect after the
first valve has been released.
The cylinder is to then return
to the initial position. The
cylinder is to remain in the
initial position until a new start
signal is given. The speed of
the cylinder is to be adjustable
in both directions.
Example: Memory circuit and speed control of a cylinder
 Solution:
 4/2-way or 5/2-way double pilot valves possess the required
memory function. The valve retains its last switched position until an
opposing signal is received. This characteristic is independent of the
time period, for which the signal is applied to the switching valve.
 The one way flow control valves control the cylinder speed in both
directions and are independently adjustable. Since the displaced air
flow is restricted in each case, this is an exhaust air flow control.

Exercise:
Problem:
 A double-acting cylinder is to be used to transfer parts from a
magazine.
 The cylinder is to advance fully when a push button is operated and
then retract automatically. Full extension is confirmed by a roller
lever valve.
 The cylinder is to continue forward even if the push button is released
before full extension is reached.
 The speed of the cylinder is to be adjustable in both directions of
motion.
Exercise:
 Questions:
1. What is the effect on the piston rod movement, if the
push button remains actuated once the piston rod has
reached the end position?
2. What is the effect on the advance stroke, if the roller

lever valve is fitted at the stroke mid position of the
piston rod?
3. Describe the initial status of the system ?
4. Describe the operation of the circuit ?

5 Pressure control valve
1. Pressure Sequence Valve

2. Pressure regulator with relief port
3. Restrictions
77
1 Pressure Sequence valve
 The principle on which this valve acts is the same as for the pressure
limiting valve. If the pressure exceeds that set on the spring, the valve
opens.
 The flow from 1 to 2 is closed. Outlet 2 is opened only if a preset pressure
has built up in pilot line 12. A pilot spool opens the passage 1 to 2.
78
Pressure Sequence valve
 Pressure
sequence valves
are installed in
pneumatic
controls where a
specific pressure
is required for a
switching
operation
(pressure
dependent
controls).
79
Example: Pressure Sequence valve
Problem:
 A plastic component is embossed using a die driven by a double-acting
cylinder. The die is to advance and emboss the plastic when a push
button is operated. The return of the die is to be effected when a preset
pressure is reached. The embossing pressure is to be adjustable.

81
Question:
 What happens to the
cylinder if the push button
is pressed for a short
period and then released?
 Describe the operation of

the circuit ?
82
Problem:
 A plastic component is embossed using a die powered
by a doubleacting cylinder. The return of the die is to be
effected when the cylinder rod has fully extended to the
embossing position and the preset pressure is reached.
A roller lever valve is to be used to confirm full extension.
 The signal for retracting must only be generated when
the piston rod has reached the embossing position. The
pressure in the piston chamber is indicated by a
pressure gauge.
83
2 Pressure regulator with relief port
 Reduce high input pressure to a low

output pressure. The output
pressure is adjustable and is nearly
kept constant. This system provides
compensation of overload.
 The set screw permits adjustment
of the initial tension in the
diaphgram spring. The diaphgram
presses against the push rod which
is held in position by a spring, and
lifts off the push rod. The push rod
shuts off the exhaust port in the
diaphgram.
84
3 Restrictions
 Reductions of cross section ereas in pipelines and long
pipelines result in resistance to flow of air and possibly
in considerble loss in pressure.
 Each source of loss of this type is a throttle. On the
other hand throttles are installed in pneumatic devices
to obtain a timing behaviour in a control system. In the
latter case precisely defined chockes are used.
85
6 Shut-off valves
1. Shut-off valves, cocks
86
Shut-off valves, cocks
Shut-off valves are used for shutting off pneumatic

devices or pneumatic circuits. Air may flow in both
directions.
87
7 Combinational valves
1. Time delay valve
88
Combinational Valves
 Components of different control groups can be combined into

the body of one unit with the features, characteristics and
construction of a combination of valves. These are referred to
as combinational valves and their symbols represent the
various components that make up the combined unit. The
following units can be defined as combinational valves:
 Time delay valves: for the delay of signals
 Air control blocks: for the execution of individual and oscillating movements
using double-acting cylinders 5/4-way valve: for the stopping of double-acting
cylinders in any position
 Air operated 8-way valve: for the control of feed units
 Pulse generator: for the execution of rapid cylinder movements
 Vacuum generator with ejector: for pick and place applications
 Stepper modules: for sequential control tasks
 Command memory modules: for startup with signal input conditions
89
Time delay valve: normally closed
 The time delay valve is a combined 3/2-way

valve, one way flow control valve and air
reservoir. The 3/2-way valve can be a valve
with normal position open or closed. The
delay time is generally 0-30 seconds for both
types of valves.
By using additional
reservoirs, the time
can be extended.
An accurate
switch-over time is
assured, if the air
is clean and the
pressure relatively
constant.
90
Time delay valve: normally closed
1A S2
4 2
1V1 2 5 3 1V2
1 2
12
12
100% 3
100% 3
1
1
2 2
Start S2
1 3 1 3
91
92
93
Example: Time delay valve
Problem:
 A double-acting cylinder is used to press together glued
components.
 Upon operation of a push button, the clamping cylinder extends.
 Once the fully advanced position is reached, the cylinder is to
remain for a time of T= 6 seconds and then immediately retract to
the initial position.
 The cylinder retraction is to be adjustable. A new start cycle is
only possible after the cylinder has fully retracted.

Example: Time delay valve

Exercise: Time delay valve
 A double-acting cylinder is used to press together glued components.
 Upon operation of a push button, the clamping cylinder slowly advances.
 Once the fully extended position is reached, the cylinder is to remain for a
time of T = 6 seconds and then immediately retract to the initial position.
 A new start cycle is only possible after the cylinder has fully retracted and
after a delay of 5 seconds. During this delay the finished part is manually
removed and replaced with new parts for gluing.
 The retracting speed should be fast, but adjustable.
 Draw the circuit diagram for the problem.

 Designate the valves and indicate the numbering system for the connections
 (ports).
Homework
Pneumatics – Workbook basic level
Pneumatic Control : Festo Didactics (48 min)
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5q7Ya
smwXCs
97
HIGHER ENGINEERI NG EDUC ATION ALLI ANCE PROGRAM
Contact: thuyptt@hcmute.edu.vn

Chapter 3 - Valves - 3.2022

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Pneumatics & Hydraulics Technology

Higher Engineering Education Alliance Program

2 Directional control valves

4 Flow control valves

5 Pressure control valves

2. Be able to identify the properly

3. Be able to choose the appropriate

Single acting cylinder - spring return

Double acting cylinder

Click the illustrations to start and stop animation 5

 The basic function of

One Way Solenoid

General manual Lever

Push button Rotary knob

Pull button Pedal

Push/pull button Treadle

Solenoid direct Solenoid pilot

Solenoid pilot When no

Arrows Straight or sloping 2 ports are

Tee Closed path or port 1 port

3/2 – way valve

5/2 – way valve

Video: How to Read a Spool Valve 15

3/2-way valve, actuation by pressing, spring return, normally closed

 The constructional  Designs are categorised as

A disc seal is a loose fit in

 A 2/2 valve is usually

 Here the valve is in

 Valves with hand sliding spool

 A 3 port valve provides the

1. 4/2-way directional control valve, air pilot actuated

 The working power is 1.8 N

4/2-way valve, 4/2-way valve,

 A disc-seat 4/2-way valve is similar in construction to the

1. Label correctly the name of the

2. Label the valve ports and pilot

3. Choose another type of direction

1. Non-return valves (check valves)

 As a rule non-return valves, permit flow of air in one

Pneumatics Basic level TP101 Textbook – page 204 48

 The shuttle valve permits compressed air to flow from

Pneumatics Basic level TP101 Textbook – page 207 49

Pneumatics Basic level TP101 Textbook – page 81 51

 If either a push button or a foot pedal is operated, the cylinder is to extend.

Pneumatics Basic level TP101 Textbook – page 83 53

1. Draw the circuit diagram

2. Designate the valves

Pneumatics Basic level TP101 Textbook – page 83 54

A double pilot valve

 Two-pressure valves have two pressure inlet ports 1 and 1(3).

Pneumatics Basic level TP101 Textbook – page 205 57

 Which of the following statements is true for the

Pneumatics Basic level TP101 Textbook – page 76 60

 Describe the operation

Pneumatics Basic level TP101 Textbook – page 79 62

 Rapid exhaust valves are used for fast ventilation of

Pneumatics Basic level TP101 Textbook – page 210 63

Pneumatics Basic level TP101 Textbook – page 90 66

1. Throttle valve, bi-directional

 In non-return valves compressed air can only flow in one direction

1.2 1.2 1.2

 The signal of the second valve

Pneumatics Basic level TP101 Textbook – page 85 73