Sa nt etersburg

M n ng Un vers t

TO AL SS ES O RAT ONAL SE
O NAT RAL RESO R ES
X II INTERNATIONAL FORUM-CONTEST
OF STUDENTS AND OUNG RESEARCHERS

UNDER THE AUS ICES OF UNESCO

31 Ma -6 une 2021

SC ENT F C CONFERENCE ABSTRACTS

OLUME

SAINT ETERSBURG
2021
 Session 7. GEOMECHANICS AND MINE SURVEYING IN MINING AND
UNDERGROUND CONSTRUCTION

Clement A. Amagu
Field investigation and numerical study of a rock slope deformation: a case study at
Higashi-Shikagoe limestone quarry, Japan………………………………………………... 195
Nikita D. Barsuk
Research of the stress-deformed state of the system “rock massif–anchor–modified
concrete” support of excavation…………………………………………………………... 196
Anna V. Dementeva
Design of yielding support systems in salts……………………………………………….. 198
Franklin V. Gómez S.
Geomechanical components in Sacha Shushufindi corridor wells………………………... 199
Vrezh V. Hovakimyan
In tectonically stressed rock mass the unloading effect on open pit slope stability………. 201
Pavel N. Ivanov
Experimental study of deformation properties of coals of various degrees of tectonic
disturbance by laser-ultrasonic tomography………………………………………………. 203
Maxim D. Klimochenkov
Design of software for assessing the stability of slope structures………………………… 205
Olesya O. Lebedeva
Geomechanical modeling of rock state at Verkhnekamskoe salt deposit as an
exploitation safety measure……………………………………………………………….. 206
Zhiguo Li
Open-pit slope stability analysis based on collaborative monitoring and numerical
simulation…………………………………………………………………………………. 207
Siarhei N. Lapatsin
Omputer-aided modeling of the daylight surface subsidence under the influence of
mining near tectonic irregularities………………………………………………………… 208
Yasmany Media Zaldivar
Slide software for the analysis of slope seismic behavior………………………………… 209
Aleksei G. Medvedev
Geotechnical radar monitoring in wintry conditions……………………………………… 210
Daniil S. Medvedev
Application of big data technology to identify the causes of water seepage in the main
line tunnels of the Moscow subway……………………………………………………….. 211
Nguyen Tai Tien
A procedure for determining the optimal cross-section of sub-rectangular tunnel……….. 213
Irina Otkupschikova
Comparative analysis of methods for predicting the stress-strain state of shaft lining in
salt rocks with considering the time-dependent behaviour………………………………... 215
Stepan V. Shevchuk
A new approach to the interpretation of geodynamic monitoring data at underground gas
storages……………………………………………………………………………………. 216
Ronghua Shu
Comparison of mechanical properties in high temperature and thermal treatment granite 217
Friederike Tiedtke
Hydrothermal coupled fluid flow simulations using 3DEC and DFN.Lab……………….. 219

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frequency of water occurrences along the route of the main line tunnels. An indirect sign of a
violation of the work technique in this case is an increase in the proportion of rings with water
occurrences in the key blocks (type K) to 26.6% of the total number of defective rings. The
reason for this is the lower pressure of the rubber seals in the key block, which reduces the water
resistance of the joint of the key block with the adjoining blocks of the ring.
Considering the results, recommendations have been developed for improving the
technical process of manufacturing high-precision lining blocks. It is aimed at improving the
mechanism for gluing rubber seals to concrete blocks, introducing advanced materials and
concrete compositions, as well as new-generation rubber seals with anchor and hydrophilic
elements. In conclusion, it should be noted that the obtained results demonstrate the possibility
and prospects of using machine learning methods in the field of underground construction. The
algorithms can be further applied in solving similar problems for the widest class of transport
infrastructure objects and mining enterprises.
REFERENCES
[1]. Niklas D. A Complete Guide To The Random Forest Algorithm. BuiltIn. URL:
https://builtin.com/data-science/random-forest-algorithm
[2]. Sunil R. Understanding Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm from examples
(along with code). Analytics Vidhya. URL:
https://www.analyticsvidhya.com/blog/2017/09/understaing-support-vector-machine-example-
code/

NGUYEN TAI TIEN

St. Petersburg Mining University
Dr. Assoc. Prof. M.A. KARASEV
St. Petersburg Mining University

A PROCEDURE FOR DETERMINING THE OPTIMAL CROSS-SECTION OF SUB-

RECTANGULAR TUNNEL

The circular tunnel is the one of most popular tunnels, due to the fact that this shape is the
most stable [1]. On the other hand, circular TBMs have a less complex structure than other TBM
shapes. Nevertheless, the biggest disadvantage of the circular tunnel is the small space utilization
ratio. Today, with the development of machine manufacturing technology and material
technology, TBMs can be used to excavate any tunnel shapes not only circular tunnels and the
lining structure with high bearing capacity. Sub-rectangular cross-section is one of the non-
circular shapes which recently researched by Huang et al. [2], Du et al. [3], Do et al. [4]. A
similar cross-section called quasi-rectangular tunnel shape has also been studied a lot by
experimental test [5,6], numerical and analytical methods. However, this quasi-rectangular
tunnel shape has an interior column in the center that divides into two separate lanes. This cross-
section has a higher space utilization ratio than circular ones. All the above literatures do not
mention how the sub-rectangular tunnels were designed. This study mainly focused on the effect
of geometry parameters of the sub-rectangular cross-section on tunnel lining behavior.
Therefrom, the optimal geometry parameters for the sub-rectangular tunnel are determined.

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 Figure 1 – The construction clearance of double-track and the geometrical configuration of sub-
rectangular tunnel
The algorithm determined sub-rectangular shape follows these steps: (1) The center O2
selection and calculate radius R2: The center O2(x2, y2) of Arch 2 is located on the line segment
bisector of the line A1A2 which is the linear equation: ; (2) Determine the
location of center O1; The center O1 of Arch1 is the intersection between the line and the
horizontal axis, x Therefore, the x1 value is determined by the following equation; 3) Determine
the location of center O3. The center O3 of Arch3 is the intersection between the line and
the vertical axis, y.
R2 = (1)

R1 = (2)

R3 = (3)

Equation (4) presents the relation

between the radius R3 and the max. absolute
bending moment produced in the sub-
rectangular tunnel with the correlation
coefficient R2=0.9827.
y = 0.2848ln(x) + 0.5671 (4)

Figure 2 – The effect of radius R3 on internal forces in the lining and max. normal displacement
Equation (2) presents the relation between the radius R1, R2, R3 and the max. absolute
bending moment induced in the tunnel structure with the correlation coefficient R2=0.98665.
(5)
From two Regression equations (4) and (5), it can be shown that the max. absolute
bending moment is mainly affected by the radius of crown (bottom) part and is slightly
influenced by the radius of shoulder and sidewall part.
REFERENCES
[1]. R. Tatiya, Civil excavations and tunnelling, London: Thomas Telford , 2005.
[2]. X. Huang, Y. Zhua, Z. Zhanga, Y. Zhuc, S. Wang and Q. Zhuang, "Mechanical
behaviour of segmental lining of a sub-rectangular shield tunnel under self-weight," Tunnelling
and Underground Space Technology 74, vol. 74, pp. 131-144, 2018.
[3]. D. Du, D. Dias and N. Do, "Lining performance optimization of sub-rectangular
tunnels using the Hyperstatic Reaction Method," Computers and Geotechnics, vol. 117, 2020.
[4]. N. A. Do, D. Dias, Z. Zhang, X. Huang, T. T. Nguyen, V. V. Pham and O. Nait-
Rabah, "Study on the behavior of squared and sub-rectangular tunnels using the Hyperstatic
Reaction Method," Transportation Geotechnics, vol. 22, 2020.
[5]. X. Liu, Y. Ye, Z. Liu and D. Huang, "Mechanical behavior of Quasi-rectangular
segmental tunnel linings: First results from full-scale ring tests," Tunnelling and Underground
Space Technology 71, vol. 71, p. 440–453, 2018.

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 [6]. X. Liu, Z. Liu, Y. Ye, Y. Bai and Y. Zhu, "Mechanical behavior of quasi-rectangular
segmental tunnel linings: Further insights from full-scale ring tests," Tunnelling and
Underground Space Technology 79, vol. 79, p. 304–318, 2018.

IRINA OTKUPSCHIKOVA
St. Petersburg Mining University
NIKITA BELYAKOV
St. Petersburg Mining University

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF METHODS FOR PREDICTING THE STRESS-

STRAIN STATE OF SHAFT LINING IN SALT ROCKS WITH CONSIDERING THE
TIME-DEPENDENT BEHAVIOUR

During excavation in salt rocks mass there is a risk of stability loss associated with the
manifestation of rheological properties. Due to the continuous creep, the deformations of the
excavation contour and excavation lining loads continue to rise in time, so the design of walling
should include the prediction of the stress-strain state of the “lining-mass” system using various
long term deformation empirical laws. Thus, in order to ensure the normal operation of the mine,
it is necessary to determine the lining load at the time of the end of the excavation service life.
The scientific significance of the research topic is explained by the fact that the existing methods
of prediction of excavation contour displacements are overestimated which leads to the use of
irrational design solutions for excavation lining. The purpose of the study is to compare different
methods for predicting the stress-strain state of the “lining-mass” system.
A solution based on the nonlinear creep theory is considered as the basic analytical
solution, it was developed by Protosenya A.G. Graphical method for solving a system of
equations by constructing an implicitly defined function in the Maple software was used to
obtain the results. It was checked with an iterative calculation.
Alternative solutions were obtained with finite-elements method in Abaqus software. In
the first case, the rock mass properties are set by the Drucker-Prager linear model with creep
module. The creep strains rate time dependence was described by a power law. The creep
properties of salt rocks were determined by approximating the data of long-term tests in the
Origin software. The elastic properties were defined by a linear approximation of the stress-strain
diagram. The parameters of the Drucker-Prager model were defined by the results of triaxial
sample tests.
The second case of numerical solutions was based on the application of the Double
Power Law model defined by the modified Norton creep law. It sets the dependence of the creep
strains rate with respect to equivalent stress and by this way it gives the possibility to set the
creep strains dependence with respect to time indirectly. In scientific work was proposed to
realize this model by binding the temperature parameter to the time and setting the corresponding
change in the temperature field.
To quantify the obtained solutions the modelling was also performed with using the
linear-hereditary creep law model. Method for determining of mechanical properties for this
model was described in scientific work.
In all analyzed cases creep laws describes only the primary and secondary creep stages.
Virtual tests were conducted to verify the parameters of the models. The author estimated
satisfactory convergence of the experimental data for the samples with data obtained as a result
of the modelling. Also, in the scientific work the comparison of predicted by finite-element
method stress-strain state of the “lining-mass” system with experimental data was performed.
For future development of scientific work, it is planned to use a creep model based on the
Empirical Power Law, which allows to include the tertiary creep stage; to perform the modelling
in 3D with taking into account the geometry of individual tubes; to take into account physical
non-linearity of salt rocks plastic behaviour.

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