X-Ray

ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES
GROUP 6
DISCUSSION POINTS
01 X-RADIATION

02 CHARACTERISTICS

03 HUMAN HEALTH RISK

04 APPLICATIONS
 X-RADIATION
•X-rays are a form of
electromagnetic radiation
with wavelengths shorter
than ultraviolet light.

They can penetrate various

materials and are commonly
used in medical imaging to
visualize the internal
structures of the body.
COMPARE AND CONTRAST

•X-rays are situated within the electromagne

spectrum (EMS) between ultraviolet (UV)
radiation and gamma rays.
LET'S COMPARE AND CONTRAST X-RAYS WITH ADJACENT
REGIONS IN THE EMS:
Wavelength:
WAVELENGTH
X-rays: Shorter wavelengths than UV rays, ranging from
about 0.01 to 10 nanometers.
UV Radiation: Longer wavelengths than X-rays, typically
between 10 to 400 nanometers.

Frequency:

X-rays: Higher frequency than UV radiation.

UV Radiation: Lower frequency compared to X-rays.

Energy:

X-rays: Higher energy than UV radiation.

UV Radiation: Lower energy compared to X-rays.
HUMAN HEALTH/ X-RAY
EXPOSURE
 HUMAN HEALTH RISKS
FROM X-RAY EXPOSURE:
Main risk

Ionizing Radiation: X-rays carry the risk of ionizing radiation, which can damage or mutate
cells, potentially leading to an increased risk of cancer or other health issues, especially
with prolonged or excessive exposure.
COMMON SOURCE OF EXPOSURE OF OVEREXPOSURE

Medical Imaging: Diagnostic X-rays, CT scans, and

fluoroscopy contribute to significant exposure during
medical procedures.

Occupational Exposure: Healthcare workers, especially

those in radiology departments, may face higher levels of
exposure.

Security Scanning: Airport security scanners use X-rays, but

exposure levels are typically low and considered safe for the
general population
 PROTECTION OR EXPOSURE
REDUCTION MEASURES;
Lead Aprons and Shields: In medical settings, lead aprons
and shields are commonly used to protect areas of the body
not under examination and reduce scattered radiatio

Dosimetry Monitoring: Regular monitoring of radiation

exposure for healthcare professionals to ensure they stay
within safe limit

Optimizing Imaging Protocols: Adjusting imaging

parameters to use the lowest necessary radiation dose for
effective diagnosi

Education and Awareness: Training healthcare professionals

and the public about the risks and benefits of X-ray
exposure, promoting informed decision-making.s.s.n.
 PRODUCTION
Two mechanisms by which the electrons create X-rays.

X-RAY IMAGING

•X-ray imaging involves the

use of x-rays to create internal
images of the body.
 SIMPLIFIED DESCRIPTION OF THE PROCESS:
X-ray source- A machine generates X-rays, which are a form of
electromagnetic radiation.

Patient exposure- The patient is positioned between the X-ray source and
a detector. X-rays pass through the body, and different
tissues absorb varying amounts of radiation.

Detector system- The detector captures the detector captures the X-rays
that pass through the body. Areas with dense tissues, like
bones, absorb more X-rays, resulting in fewer
reaching the detector.

Image formation- The detected X-rays are processed by a computer,

creating a grayscale image. Dense structures
appear white (high X-ray absorption), while
less dense areas appear darker.
Do you
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Thank You!