RAD Console Operator Manual - UM - 2401587-100 - 2

Technical
Publications
2401587--100
Revision 2
RAD Console
om
Operator Manual
do not duplicate
WARNING
THIS EQUIPMENT IS DANGEROUS TO BOTH PATIENT AND OPERATOR

UNLESS MEASURES OF PROTECTION ARE STRICTLY OBSERVED
Though this equipment is built to the highest standards of electrical and mechanical safety, the useful radiation
beam becomes a source of danger in the hands of the unauthorized or unqualified operator. Excessive
exposure to radiation causes damage to human tissue.
Therefore, adequate precautions must be taken to prevent unauthorized or unqualified persons from
operating this equipment or exposing themselves or others to its radiation.
Before operation, persons qualified and authorized to operate this equipment should be familiar with the
Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection, contained in Annals Number
60 of the ICRP, with applicable National Standards, and should have been trained in use of the equipment.
ENVIRONMENTAL STATEMENT
ON THE LIFE CYCLE OF THE EQUIPMENT OR SYSTEM
This equipment or system contains environmentally dangerous components and materials (such as PCB‘s,
electronic components, used dielectric oil, lead, batteries etc.) which, once the life-cycle of the equipment or
system comes to an end, becomes dangerous and need to be considered as harmful waste according to the
international, domestic and local regulations.
The manufacturer recommends to contact an authorized representative of the manufacturer or an authorized
waste management company once the life-cycle of the equipment or system comes to an end to remove this
equipment or system.
--- MEDICAL EQUIPMENT ---

WITH RESPECT TO ELECTRIC SHOCK,
FIRE AND MECHANICAL HAZARDS
ONLY IN ACCORDANCE WITH
UL 60601---1, CAN/CSA C22.2 NO.601.1
<14NN>
GE Healthcare RAD Console
REV 2 om 2401587--100
ADVISORY SYMBOLS
The following advisory symbols will be used throughout this manual.

Their application and meaning are described below.
DANGERS ADVISE OF CONDITIONS OR SITUATIONS THAT

IF NOT HEEDED OR AVOIDED WILL CAUSE SERIOUS
PERSONAL INJURY OR DEATH.
ADVISE OF CONDITIONS OR SITUATIONS THAT IF NOT

HEEDED OR AVOIDED COULD CAUSE SERIOUS PERSONAL
INJURY, OR CATASTROPHIC DAMAGE OF EQUIPMENT OR
DATA.
Advise of conditions or situations that if not heeded or

avoided could cause personal injury or damage to equipment
or data.
Note . Alert readers to pertinent facts and conditions. Notes represent

information that is important to know but which do not necessarily
relate to possible injury or damage to equipment.
3
REV 2 om 2401587--100
SAFETY SYMBOLS
The following safety symbols will be used in the equipment.

Their meaning are described below.
Attention, consult accompanying documents.
Ionizing radiation.
Type B equipment.
Dangerous voltage.
Ground.
This symbol indicates that the waste of electrical and

electronic equipment must not be disposed as unsorted
municipal waste and must be collected separately. Please
contact an authorized representative of the manufacturer or
an authorized waste management company for information
concerning the decommissioning of your equipment.
4
REV 2 om 2401587--100
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section Page
ADVISORY SYMBOLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
SAFETY SYMBOLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.1 General Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
1.2 Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
1.3 Product Identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
1.4 Certifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
1.5 Classification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2 SAFETY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
2.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
2.2 Responsibilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
2.3 Maximum Permissible Dose (MPD) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
2.4 Radiation Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
2.5 Monitoring of Personnel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
2.6 Protection against Electric Shock Hazards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
3 OPERATING CONTROLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
3.1 Radiography and General Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

3.1.1 Power ON / OFF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
3.1.1.1 Controls Related to Battery Powered Generator . . . . . . . . . . 19
3.1.2 Workstations Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
3.1.3 Focal Spot Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
3.1.4 Radiographic Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
3.1.5 Self-diagnostics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
3.2 Automatic Exposure Control (AEC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
3.3 Anatomical Programmer (APR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
5
REV 2 om 2401587--100
Section Page
3.4 Tube-Aligning Fail Safe Circuit (Optional) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
3.5 Rapid Termination (Optional) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
3.6 Exposure Controls and Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
3.7 Heat Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
3.8 X-Ray Tube Power Limit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
3.9 Exposure Counters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
3.10 Error Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
4 OPERATING SEQUENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
4.1 Start-up Routine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
4.2 X-Ray Tube Warm-up Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
4.3 Radiographic Operation Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
4.4 Radiographic Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
4.5 AEC Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
4.6 APR Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
4.7 Tomographic Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
5 PERIODIC MAINTENANCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
5.1 Operator Tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

5.1.1 Batteries Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
5.1.2 Periodic Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
5.2 Service Tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
6 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
6.1 Factors of Line Powered Generator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
6.2 Factors of Battery Powered Generator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
6.3 Factors of Capacitor Discharge Generator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
6.4 Physical Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
SERVICE OFFICES OF GE HEALTHCARE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
REVISION HISTORY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
6
REV 2 om 2401587--100
SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION
This manual contains all the information necessary to understand and operate
the High Frequency Generators with the RAD Console. It provides a general
description, safety and regulatory information, operating instructions and
specifications concerning the equipment.
This high frequency X-ray Generator is designed for general radiography. It

provides all the advantages of high frequency waveform Generators including
lower patient dose, shorter exposure times as well as greater accuracy and
consistency.
The Generator is controlled by multiple microprocessors which provide

increased exposure consistency, efficient operation and extended Tube life. A
high level of self-diagnosis greatly increases serviceability and reduces down
time.
All functions, displays and controls are logically arranged, easily accessible
and identified to prevent confusion. Technique factors and functions are
selected by touch sensitive push-buttons and displayed on the Control
Console.
Illustration 1
RAD Console
GE Healthcare
7
REV 2 om 2401587--100
The Generator consists of the following essential parts:
• Control Console, operator controls and displays for radiographic

operations. The Console is designed for ease of operation. It is the
interface with the Power Cabinet and other related X-ray systems.
• Generator Cabinet. Depending on the Generator model, it can be

powered directly from Power Line, through a Battery Module, through a
Capacitor Module. The Generator comprises:
G Power Module, which contains the power and control

components.
G High Voltage Transformer.
G Battery Module, with the batteries and a charge / control

components for Battery Powered Generators.
G Capacitor Module, with the capacitors and a charge / control

components for Capacitor Discharge Generators.
1.1 GENERAL FEATURES
The main features of this Generator are:
• Constant potential high frequency.
• Three point control by selecting kVp, mA and Exposure Time, or two

point control by selecting kVp and mAs, or one point control by selecting
kVp with AEC operations.
• Two Buckys can be directly connected to the Generator (standard).
• Self-diagnosis indicators identify malfunctions in the system.
• Tube protection circuitry prolongs Tube life and increases system

performance.
• Equipped with closed loop control of X-ray Tube current, kVp and
filaments, which minimize potential errors and the need for
readjustments.
• Automatic line compensation due to closed loop operation of X-ray Tube

current and kVp.
• Independent Heat Unit storage for each X-ray Tube, even after turning
On / Off the equipment.
8
REV 2 om 2401587--100
• Features applicable to Battery Powered Generator:
G Standard electrical outlet operation with single-phase line from

100 to 240 ¦10% VAC. Automatic line voltage compensation.
G Independent operation without mains connection (Stand-Alone).
G Under normal operating conditions, the Battery Charger keeps the

batteries fully charged with an equalized level as long as the
Generator is connected to the mains (charging).
• Features applicable to Capacitor Discharge Generator:
G Standard electrical outlet operation with single-phase line at 100 /

110 / 120 / 208 / 230 / 240 ¦10% VAC. Automatic line voltage
detection during the power-on sequence. Line Voltage Automatic
Compensation.
G Under normal operating conditions, the Storage Capacitors are

kept in an optimum charge level. For that, the Capacitors Charger
controls the level and performs charges periodically.
The Capacitors Module is under charging process in the following

conditions (a whistle is emitted during charging inside the
Generator).
-- When the Generator is turned ON and makes the first charge.

The total charge time depends on the input voltage of mains
where the Unit is plugged and the initial level of charge of the
Capacitors (maximum 4 seconds for a line of 230 VAC with
selection of 20 A in the Generator; or maximum 40 seconds
for a line of 110 VAC with selection of 8 A in the Generator).
-- During X-ray exposures.
-- During periodic charges with the Generator turned ON (in

stand-by), approximately every 150 seconds.
Note . For the Capacitor Discharge Generator, the mAs value is limited
depending on the selected kVp and mA values. The higher mAs
values are obtained when selecting low kVp and mA values.
9
REV 2 om 2401587--100
1.2 OPTIONS
In addition to the general features, the Generator can be configured with the
following options:
• Anatomical Programmer (APR) for six patient sizes (three adults and
three children), with pre-programmed anatomical views for automatic
selection. The operator may introduce modifications manually in all the
original APR techniques and store them for later use.
• Automatic Exposure Control (AEC), which accommodates most popular
exposure detectors. A total of up to four detectors (Ionization or Solid
State types) can be installed on the system. Each one can be
independently calibrated.
• Tube Aligning Fail-Safe Circuit.
• Rapid Termination.
• Third / Fourth Bucky, this option allows to connect of up to four Buckys
to the Generator.
• Tomography, an adaptation to interface with the Tomo device.
• Second X-ray Tube, which extends the system for using two X-ray
Tubes.
• High Speed Rotor Controller, an optional digital controller consisting of
a module which is fitted within the Power Cabinet.
1.3 PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION
The major items in the Generator have some identification labels attached to
them which provide the following manufacturer and product information.
• Product.
• Model.
• Volts (V), Line Phases, Frequency (Hz), and Power (kVA, kW).
• Date of manufacture.
• Serial number.
• Reference.
• Manufacturer.
• Place of manufacture
• Certification.
10
REV 2 om 2401587--100
1.4 CERTIFICATIONS
The equipment covered by this Operation Manual is authorized to be marked

with CE MARKING in accordance with the provisions of the Council Directive
93 / 42 / EEC concerning Medical Devices.
CE 120 -- Manufactured by Sedecal, distributed by GE Healthcare.
1.5 CLASSIFICATION
The X-ray Generator covered by this Operation Manual is classified as:
• Protection against Electric Shock: Class I -- Type B applied parts.
• Protection against Harmful Ingress of Water: Ordinary.
• Degree of Safety in the presence of Flammable Anesthetics Mixture with

air or with oxygen or with nitrous oxide: Not suitable for use in the
presence of Flammable Anesthetics Mixture with air or with oxygen or
with nitrous oxide.
• Mode of Operation: Continuous.
• Permanently Installed Equipment.
11
REV 2 om 2401587--100
This page intentionally left blank.
12
REV 2 om 2401587--100
SECTION 2 SAFETY
2.1 GENERAL
Keep this Operating Manual with the equipment at all times and periodically
review the Operating and Safety instructions.
For continue safe use of this equipment follow the

instructions in this Operating Manual. Study this manual
carefully before using the equipment and keep it at hand for
quick reference.
THE EQUIPMENT DESCRIBED IN THIS MANUAL MUST BE

ONLY HANDLE BY QUALIFIED PERSONNEL PREVIOUSLY
TRAINED IN IT.
X-RAY EQUIPMENT IS DANGEROUS TO BOTH PATIENT

AND OPERATOR UNLESS PROTECTION MEASURES ARE
STRICTLY OBSERVED.
IT IS VITALLY IMPORTANT THAT EVERYONE ASSOCIATED

WITH X-RAY RADIATION IS FAMILIAR WITH THE SAFETY
AND REGULATORY INSTRUCTIONS CONTAINED WITHIN
THIS MANUAL, IN PARTICULAR, THE STATEMENT AT THE
BEGINNING OF THIS MANUAL ENTITLED “IMPORTANT!...
X-RAY PROTECTION”.
THESE INSTRUCTIONS SHOULD BE THOROUGHLY READ

AND UNDERSTOOD BEFORE ATTEMPTING TO PLACE THIS
EQUIPMENT IN OPERATION.
Although X-radiation can be hazardous, X-ray equipment does not pose any
danger when it is properly used. Please ensure that all service and operating
personnel are properly trained and informed on the hazards of radiation. Those
responsible for the system must understand the safety requirements for X-ray
operation. Please study this manual and the manuals for each system
component to be fully aware of all the safety and operational requirements.
13
REV 2 om 2401587--100
2.2 RESPONSIBILITIES
ENSURE THAT ALL PERSONNEL AUTHORIZED TO USE THE

EQUIPMENT ARE AWARE OF THE DANGER OF EXCESSIVE
EXPOSURE TO X-RAY RADIATION.
THE EQUIPMENT HEREIN DESCRIBED IS SOLD WITH

THE UNDERSTANDING THAT GENERAL ELECTRIC
HEALTHCARE AS DISTRIBUTOR AND SEDECAL AS
MANUFACTURER, ITS AGENTS, AND REPRESENTATIVES
ARE NOT LIABLE FOR INJURY OR DAMAGE WHICH MAY
RESULT FROM OVEREXPOSURE OF PATIENTS OR
PERSONNEL TO X-RAY RADIATION.
GENERAL ELECTRIC HEALTHCARE AS DISTRIBUTOR AND

SEDECAL AS MANUFACTURER DO NOT ACCEPT ANY
RESPONSIBILITY FOR OVEREXPOSURE OF PATIENTS OR
PERSONNEL TO X-RAY RADIATION GENERATED BY THIS
EQUIPMENT WHICH IS A RESULT OF POOR OPERATING
TECHNIQUES OR PROCEDURES.
NO RESPONSIBILITY WILL BE ASSUMED FOR ANY

EQUIPMENT THAT HAS NOT BEEN SERVICED AND
MAINTAINED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE
MANUFACTURER INSTRUCTIONS, OR WHICH HAS BEEN
MODIFIED OR TAMPERED WITH IN ANYWAY.
IT IS THE RESPONSIBILITY OF THE OPERATOR TO ENSURE

THE SAFETY OF THE PATIENT WHILE THE X-RAY
EQUIPMENT IS IN OPERATION BY VISUAL OBSERVATION,
PROPER PATIENT POSITIONING, AND USE OF THE
DEVICES THAT ARE INTENDED TO PREVENT PATIENT
INJURY.
ALWAYS WATCH ALL PARTS OF THE SYSTEM TO VERIFY

THAT THERE IS NO INTERFERENCE AND NO POSSIBILITY
OF COLLISION WITH THE PATIENT OR WITH OTHER
EQUIPMENTS.
SHOULD ANY INTERFERENCE (EMC) BE DETECTED WITH

OTHER EQUIPMENT, PLEASE POSITION OTHER
EQUIPMENT AWAY FROM THIS ONE.
14
REV 2 om 2401587--100
2.3 MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE DOSE (MPD)
Before operation, persons qualified and authorized to operate this equipment

should be familiar with the Recommendations of the International Commission
on Radiological Protection, contained in Annals Number 60 of the ICRP, with
applicable National Standards, and should have been trained in use of the
equipment.
2.4 RADIATION PROTECTION
Because exposure to X-ray radiation may be damaging to health, use great

care to provide protection against exposure to the primary beam. Some of the
effects of X-ray radiation are cumulative and may extend over a period of
months or years. The best safety rule for X-ray operator is “Avoid exposure
to the primary beam at all times”.
Any object in the path of the primary beam produces secondary (scattered)
radiation. The intensity of the secondary radiation is dependent upon the
energy and intensity of the primary beam and the atomic number for the object
material struck by the primary beam. Secondary radiation may be of greater
intensity than that of the radiation reaching the film. Take protective measures
to safeguard against it.
An effective protective measure is the use of lead shielding. To minimize

dangerous exposure, use such items as lead screens, lead impregnated
gloves, aprons, thyroid collars, etc. The lead screen should contain a minimum
of 2.0 mm of lead or equivalent and personal protective devices (aprons,
gloves, etc.) must contain a minimum of 0.25 mm of lead or equivalent. For
confirmation of the local requirements at your site, please refer to your “Local
Radiation Protection Rules” as provided by your Radiation Protection Advisor.
WHILE OPERATING OR SERVICING X-RAY EQUIPMENT,

ALWAYS KEEP A DISTANCE NOT LESS THAN 2 METERS
FROM THE FOCAL SPOT AND X-RAY BEAM, PROTECT
BODY AND DO NOT EXPOSE HANDS, WRISTS, ARMS OR
OTHER PARTS OF THE BODY TO THE PRIMARY BEAM.
15
REV 2 om 2401587--100
2.5 MONITORING OF PERSONNEL
Monitoring of personnel to determine the amount of radiation to which they have

been exposed provides a valuable cross check to determine whether or not
safety measures are adequate. It may reveal inadequate or improper radiation
protection practices and potentially serious radiation exposure situations.
The most effective method of determining whether or not the existing protective
measures are adequate is the use of instruments to measure the exposure.
These measurements should be taken at all locations where the operator, or
any portion of the body may be exposed. Exposure must never exceed the
accepted tolerable dose.
A frequently used, but less accurate, method of determining the amount of
exposure is the placement of film at strategic locations. After a specified period
of time, develop the film to determine the amount of radiation.
A common method of determining whether personnel have been exposed to
excessive radiation is the use of personal radiation dosimeters. These consist
of X-ray sensitive film or thermoluminescent material enclosed within a holder
that may be worn on the body. Even though this device only measures the
radiation which reaches the area of the body on which they are worn, they do
provide a reasonable indication of the amount of radiation received.
2.6 PROTECTION AGAINST ELECTRIC SHOCK HAZARDS
This X-ray Unit has been classified type-B ( ) in accordance with IEC 60601-1.
This equipment meet the following Safety Standards: IEC 60601-1,
IEC 60601-2-7.
ACCORDING TO MDD/93/42/CEE, THIS UNIT IS EQUIPPED

WITH EMC FILTERS. THE LACK OF THE PROPER
GROUNDING MAY PRODUCE ELECTRICAL SHOCK TO THE
USER.
16
REV 2 om 2401587--100
SECTION 3 OPERATING CONTROLS
All controls, indicators and displays located on the Control Console are
positioned depending upon their functions.
Note . Use the operating controls as described in this manual, any other
no-indicated combination may cause an incorrect operation of the
equipment.
Illustration 2
Rad Console
12 10
11
1 8
3 4
2 7
5 6
13
14 9
GE Healthcare
1. Power On 8. Film / Screen Combination
2. Power Off 9. AEC Reset
3. Workstations Selection 10. Patient Size Selection (APR)
4. Focal Spots Indicators 11. Body Regions / Anatomical View Selection (APR)
5. Radiographic Values 12 APR Display Selectors
6. AEC Density Values 13 Self-Diagnosis Indicator
7. AEC Field Selection 14. Exposure Indicators
17
REV 2 om 2401587--100
3.1 RADIOGRAPHY AND GENERAL CONTROLS
3.1.1 POWER ON / OFF
ON: The Generator is turned ON by pressing this push-button. This starts a

power-up routine which is shown on the Console. After the power-up routine,
the last workstation used will be automatically selected.
Note . Capacitor Discharge Generators are equipped with an Automatic

Line Voltage Detection System that detects the facility power line
to be used during operation. This system is automatically
activated every time the unit is turned “ON”.
OFF: The Generator is turned OFF by pressing this push-button.
For Generators equipped with “High Speed Rotor Controller”, if the X-ray Tube
is rotating when pressing the “OFF” push-button, the Generator will stop the
anode immediately and then the unit will be turned off (approx. 3 seconds). The
equipment only turns off if “Preparation” is not activated.
IN THE EVENT OF AN EMERGENCY, ISOLATE THE X-RAY

GENERATOR FROM THE MAINS POWER BY FORCIBLY
DEPRESSING THE X-RAY ROOM “EMERGENCY OFF
SWITCH” (USUALLY A RED MUSHROOM-SHAPED SWITCH).
THIS SWITCH SHOULD BE LOCATED ON OR NEAR TO THE

X-RAY ROOM MAINS POWER PANEL, USUALLY PLACED
NEAR TO THE GENERATOR CONTROL CONSOLE. MORE
THAN ONE OF THESE SWITCHES MAY BE PLACED
AROUND THE ROOM FOR GREATER ACCESSIBILITY.
18
REV 2 om 2401587--100
3.1.1.1 CONTROLS RELATED TO BATTERY POWERED GENERATOR
The Battery Powered Generator is provided with two external lamps:
• Line, indicates that the AC line is present and the batteries are being
charged by the Battery Charger.
• Battery, indicates that the Generator is ready for operation, the energy
stored in the batteries (level) is enough to make the X-ray exposures.
Status of these lamps can be:
CONDITION LINE PRESENT GENERATOR READY
AC Line is present, the Generator is operative in Normal mode.

Illuminated --
Stand-Alone mode is not ready or this option is not installed.
AC Line is present, the Generator is operative in Normal mode and

Illuminated Illuminated
Stand-Alone mode is ready.
AC Line is not present, the Generator is operative in Stand-Alone

mode. Voltage is directly supplied from Batteries and AC line is not -- Illuminated
necessary for working.
Press and hold both the “ON” and “AEC Density Increase” push-buttons to read
the Battery Charge Level which is shown on the kVp Display as “Pxx”. “P99”
AEC means the Battery Charge evel is at 100%. The kVp Display reverts to its
normal function after releasing both push-buttons.
19
REV 2 om 2401587--100
3.1.2 WORKSTATIONS SELECTION
Each Workstation is associated to one of the X-ray Tubes configured as

“Tube-1” (T1) or “Tube-2” (T2) during the installation procedure.
The Workstations are available depending on the system configuration. When

one of the configured Workstation is selected (push-button lit), the others are
automatically deselected. If during the system installation some Workstation (or
Tube) has not been configured, the respective push-button can not be selected
during operation.
TUBE-1 (T1) TUBE-2 (T2)
Workstation
Selection No Bucky Table Bucky Wall Bucky Tomo No Bucky Table Bucky Wall Bucky Special
The Workstations are selected:
• All Workstations are directly selected by pressing the respective

push-button.
• Tomo activated at the Generator Console. In this mode, the Console

deselects the AEC Module, and selects 5 seconds and 25 mA by default.
If the backup Tomo Time is sent from the Table, the Generator Console
selects automatically the exposure Time and 25 mA, in this case, the
exposure Time can not be modified, but the mA value can be adjusted
by the operator in order to obtain a correct Tomo examination.
Exposures are made from the Console Handswitch.
20
REV 2 om 2401587--100
3.1.3 FOCAL SPOT INDICATORS
SMALL FOCAL SPOT: Indicates that the “Small Focal Spot” of the X-ray Tube
has been selected.
LARGE FOCAL SPOT: Indicates that the “Large Focal Spot” of the X-ray Tube
has been selected.
Note . The Focal Spot is automatically selected according to the mA

station. The mA station set for the Focal Spot change is configured
by the field engineer during the installation.
The Focal Spot may also be selected (keeping kV and mAs constant) pressing:
• “ON” + “mA or mAs Increase” push-buttons to select Large Focal Spot.
• “ON” + “mA or mAs Decrease” push-buttons to select Small Focal Spot.
Constant mAs set the maximum mA available and the minimum exposure time.
Note . The Focal Spot change can be done whenever the present
conditions of the X-ray Tube allow it.
3.1.4 RADIOGRAPHIC PARAMETERS
kV DISPLAY can show:
• The radiographic kV value selected for the technique.
• The actual X-ray Tube heat unit value after pressing the “On”
push-button (Refer to Section 3.7).
• The error messages during a system fault, preceded by the letter “E”
(a.e., E02) (Refer to Section 3.10).
mAs DISPLAY can show:
• The radiographic mAs value selected for the technique.
• When an exposure is made with AEC, it shows the actual mAs at the end
of the exposure whenever the “Prep” push-button has not been released.
• If an exposure is aborted by releasing the “Exp” push-button during the

exposure, it shows the actual mAs value until the “AEC Reset”
push-button is pressed to reset the error condition.
• The X-ray Tube power limit, showing the percentage after pressing the
“On” push-button (refer to Section 3.8).
21
REV 2 om 2401587--100
mA DISPLAY: Shows the radiographic mA value selected for the technique.
Time DISPLAY can show:
• The Time value (in seconds) selected for the radiographic technique.
• When an exposure is made with AEC, it shows the back-up time during
the exposure and the actual Time at the end of the exposure whenever
the “Prep” push-button has not been released.
• If an exposure is aborted by releasing the “Exp” push-button during the

exposure, it shows the actual Time until the “AEC Reset” push-button is
pressed to reset the error condition.
RAD Displays can also show:
• The actual Time, the calculated mAs, and the selected kVp and mA
radiographic parameters of the last exposure, with or without AEC, after
pressing the “AEC Reset” push-button (values flashing).
• The exposure counters (Refer to Section 3.9).
INCREASE / DECREASE: Radiographic technique values are increased or

decreased by pressing the respective push-buttons. The values increase or
decrease step-by-step each time the corresponding push-button is pressed,
and changes faster when either of them is pressed continuously.
• kV: Selects the X-ray Tube voltage.
• mAs: Selects the exposure in mAs.
• mA: Selects the X-ray Tube current.
• s: Selects the exposure time in seconds.
(Refer to Section 6 for Factor ranges)
22
REV 2 om 2401587--100
Note . If after pressing any of these buttons the technique value is blocked, it could
mean that:
Radiographic Parameters Blockage. When any of the maximum or minimum

radiographic parameter limits are reached, its related Display flashes
accompanied by an information message.
Generator Power Limit. If the Generator power limit (kVp x mA) is reached,
the kVp and mA Displays flash accompanied of an information message.
Except in “3-Points” Working Mode, if the Generator power limit is reached by

increasing the mA up to a maximum possible value, kVp could be increased up
to its maximum value while mA value may automatically decrease, as long as
mAs value is kept constant.
Space Charge. If a variation of the kVp or mA values means that the space
charge limit will be reached in the selected Tube, the parameter is blocked, the
kVp and mA Displays flash accompanied by an information message.
Maximum Energy (60 kJ). Only in AEC mode, if a variation of the parameters
means that the maximum energy (60 kJ) will be exceeded, the parameter is
blocked, the kVp and mAs Displays flash accompanied by an information
message.
Instantaneous Power. If a technique reaches the instantaneous power limit

of the X-ray Tube (ratings limit or the X-ray Tube is momentarily overheated),
some techniques cannot be selected. The kVp, mA and Time Displays flash
accompanied by an information message.
Selected Power over the Percentage Limit. The X-ray Tube power limit is set
during configuration to 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% or 100% (not limited).
Except in “3P” Working Mode (it does not apply), an information message
appears in the Console when the configured X-ray Tube power limit is reached.
This situation does not block any parameter and permits to increase or
decrease the values.
Tomo Mode. When the Tomo Table selects the Exposure Time, the Tomo Time
value appears on the Console. If the operator tries to change the selected time,
the Console shows the information message “Tomo Mode”.
23
REV 2 om 2401587--100
3.1.5 SELF-DIAGNOSTICS
Self-Diagnosis indicators identify a malfunction in the system and alert the

operator to an error existence that inhibits exposure. During normal operation
of the system, these indicators are directly shown on the Console or as an error
code on the kV Display. (Also refer to Section 3.10).
TUBE HOUSING PROTECTION: Indicates that the security thermostat /

pressurestat of the X-ray Tube is open due to overheating of the Tube housing
(housing is too hot, wait for the housing to cool) or to a thermostat / pressurestat
mal-function (housing is cool). Heat units may raise to any value.
DOOR OPEN: Indicates the X-ray room door is open when the X-ray equipment
is in use.
TUBE OVERLOAD: Indicates that either the technique selected is beyond the
X-ray Tube ratings or present conditions of the X-ray Tube inhibit the exposure
(anode overheated). Parameters for next exposure may be temporally limited
by the Generator (change the exposure values or wait for the X-ray Tube to
cool).
Check that the Heat Units available are lower than the calculated for the next
exposure (heat units close to zero). Reduce exposure factors or wait for the
X-ray Tube to cool. (To display the Heat Units refer to Section 3.7).
ROTOR ERROR: Indicates that the X-ray Tube anode is not rotating while the
“Prep” is active, then exposures are inhibited.
TECHNIQUE ERROR: If activates during exposure it means that:
The exposure has been interrupted by the “Security Timer”

because of a system failure. Call Field Service.
This error might also be shown after an APR technique selection to advise that
exposure parameters displayed on the Console are not the values stored for
this APR technique. Exposure parameters are adapted by the Generator to
enable other values.
24
REV 2 om 2401587--100
3.2 AUTOMATIC EXPOSURE CONTROL (AEC)
Automatic Exposure Control (AEC) produces consistent film density with

excellent contrast regardless of the radiographic technique selected. The AEC
module comprises the controls for the selection of the Exposure Detector Fields
(Ion Chamber), the Film/Screen Combination, Film Density Compensation and
AEC Reset.
The AEC mode is activated by pressing any of the three AEC Field
push-buttons. To deactivate the AEC mode, press all the illuminated AEC Field
push-buttons until none are lit.
In AEC mode the back-up mAs (or back-up time) can be modified manually by
the operator using the Console controls.
Note . When AEC is activated, the mAs value is automatically multiplied

by 10 or set to the maximum available mAs value for the Focal
Spot selected. When the AEC is deactivated, the mAs value is
automatically divided by 10.
FILM / SCREEN COMBINATION: Each of these push-buttons allows

adjustment of the mAs in relation to a programmed Film / Screen combination
that may be in use slow “S”, medium “M”, or fast “F” respectively (200, 400,
800). Each time a Film / Screen push-button is selected (lit), the others are
automatically deselected.
FIELD SELECTION: Each push-button indicates its related physical location

on the selected field of the AEC Exposure Detector (Ion Chamber), and it may
be selected or deselected by pressing it. Any combination of fields can be
selected and the push-buttons illuminate when active.
DENSITY: These push-buttons are used to adjust the radiographic film density.
Normal film density (0) is the automatic default value when AEC is selected.
Film density can be increased or decreased in four steps. The selected value
is shown on the Density Display. The variation percentage density between
steps is logarithmic and can be changed during the equipment calibration by the
engineer according to customer preferences (the percentage by default is
25%).
25
REV 2 om 2401587--100
AEC RESET: If the exposure is aborted by the AEC back-up timer, the indicator
on the “AEC Reset” push-button blinks accompanied by an audible alarm. Next
exposure is inhibited until the AEC function is reset by pressing the “AEC Reset”
push-button. When the Generator is in “Prep” mode, the AEC function can not
be reset.
The “AEC Reset” push-button may blink when the kVp value, AEC Density and
Film/Screen Combination select a technique that is out of the operative range
with AEC, it inhibits the next exposure. Change any parameter (kVp value, AEC
Density or Film / Screen Combination) in order to obtain a technique enabled
for AEC.
3.3 ANATOMICAL PROGRAMMER (APR)
Anatomical Programmer (APR) module is comprised of the controls which

select the Patient Size, Body Region, Anatomical View and Display Selectors.
The process is shown on the APR Display.
The APR techniques are factory pre-programmed according to different

standard technique sets in a X-Y matrix format that combines eight Body
Regions (Y-axis) with eight Anatomical Views (X-axis). Besides the
radiographic parameters, selections of the workstation or AEC can be assigned
to the APR techniques. These selections will always be common for all the
patient sizes of each Anatomical View. These techniques may be modified and
stored anew into non-volatile memory by the operator.
The APR techniques are intended as a guide line only. Accurate exposure
factors depend, among other things, on Bucky grid factors, table top absorption,
screen film combinations and film processing.
APR is activated when one of the three Patient Size (small, medium or large
size) is selected (push-button lit) and it is deactivated when all of them are
deselected.
Note . APR language may be changed, just after selecting one of the
patient size (APR activation), pressing the “Power ON”
push-button. The language selected remains stored even after the
equipment is turned Off. (Only for Generators equipped with this
option).
Note . If an APR technique is to be stored with AEC parameters, a

suitable back-up Time (or mAs) MUST be stored in the program
by the operator.
26
REV 2 om 2401587--100
APR DISPLAY: Shows the different Body Regions and Anatomical Views
available for each APR technique, and the final APR selection.
Because each area of the APR Display is limited in length to eight characters,
some regions and views are abbreviated.
PATIENT SIZE: These push-buttons are used to adapt the APR technique
chosen according to patient size. Six patient sizes are available. The three
right-hand push-buttons select Small, Medium and Large adults sizes (one only
illuminated when selected). The left-hand paediatric push-button changes the
function of the right-hand three push-buttons from adult patient size to
paediatric patient size. (In this mode, the paediatric push-button and one of the
other three buttons may be illuminated at the same time).
BODY REGION: After pressing this push-button, the APR Display shows the
following Body Regions: “Skull”, “Facial”, “Upper Trunk”, “Lower Trunk”,
“Chest”, “Extremity on Bucky”, “Extremity on Table Top” and “Special”. When
a Body Region has been selected, APR Display immediately shows all its
respective Anatomical Views.
ANATOMICAL VIEW: This push-button is used to show on the APR Display

all the Anatomical Views corresponding to one Body Region. After selecting an
Anatomical View the APR Display may show the final APR selection (Body
Region and View) or, in some cases, a sub-menu of the selected Anatomical
Views.
DISPLAY SELECTORS: Each push-button is related to the nearest area of the

. . . APR Display and they are used to select one of the displayed Regions or Views.
27
REV 2 om 2401587--100
Table 1
APR Matrix (English)
ANATOMICAL VIEWS
BODY REGIONS
View-1 View-2 View-3 View-4 View-5 View-6 View-7 View-8
TEMPORO- SELLA SELLA

MASTOID
SKULL AP / PA LATERAL TOWNEES MASTOID MANDIBULAR TURCICA TURCICA
LATERAL
JOINT AP LATERAL
ZYGOMA OPTIC MANDIBLE

FACIAL AP / PA LATERAL WATERS STENVERS LAW’S
ARCH FORAMINA LATERAL
CERVICAL CERVICAL THORACIC THORACIC THORACIC SCAPULA

UPPER TRUNK SHOULDER CLAVICLE
AP LATERAL AP LATERAL SWIMMER LATERAL
LUMBAR LUMBAR PELVIS SACRUM SACRUM ABDOMEN ABDOMEN

LOWER TRUNK PELVIMETRY
AP LATERAL AP AP LATERAL AP LATERAL
UPPER LOWER STERNUM

CHEST AP / PA LATERAL 60” CART STERNUM LORDOTIC
RIBS RIBS LATERAL
HUMERUS
KNEE KNEE KNEE
EXTREM BUCKY HIP AP HIP FROG FEMUR HUMERUS TRANS-
AP LATERAL AXIAL
THORACIC
EXTREM TBL TOP HAND WRIST FOREARM ELBOW FOOT ANKLE TIBIA KNEE
CHANGER CHANGER
SPECIAL TOMO AUX USER-1 USER-2 USER-3 CONTRAST
1 2
ANATOMICAL VIEWS
SUB-MENU OF EXTREM
TBL TOP
HAND PA LATERAL OBLIQUE FINGERS -- -- -- --
WRIST PA LATERAL OBLIQUE -- -- -- -- --
FOREARM PA LATERAL OBLIQUE -- -- -- -- --
ELBOW PA LATERAL AXIAL -- -- -- -- --
FOOT PA LATERAL OBLIQUE TOES -- -- -- --
ANKLE PA LATERAL OBLIQUE -- -- -- -- --
TIBIA PA LATERAL OBLIQUE -- -- -- -- --
KNEE PA LATERAL AXIAL -- -- -- -- --
ANATOMICAL VIEWS
SUB MENU OF SPECIAL
SUB-MENU
GALL STOMACH STOMACH AIR

CONTRAST COLON IVP ESOPH 40 ESOPH 72
BLADDER AP LATERAL CONTRAST
28
REV 2 om 2401587--100
Table 2
APR Matrix (French)
VUES ANATOMIQUES
REGIONS ANATOMIQUES
Vue-1 Vue-2 Vue-3 Vue-4 Vue-5 Vue-6 Vue-7 Vue-8
MASTOID SELLE--T SELLE--T

CRANE AP / PA LATERAL TOWNES MASTOID CONDYLE
LATERAL AP LATERAL
ARCADE FOR MANDIBLE

M OPTIQUE LATERAL
CERVIC CERVIC THORAC THORAC THORAC SCAPULA

TRONC SUPERIEUR EPAULE CLAVICULE
AP LATERAL AP LATERAL N LATERAL
LOMB LOMB BASSIN SACRUM SACRUM ABDOMEN ABDOMEN

TRONC INFERIEUR PELVIMETRIE
COTES COTES STERNUM

POITRINE AP / PA LATERAL 60” CART STERNUM LORDOTIQUE
SUP INF LATERAL
GENOU GENOU GENOU HUMERUS

EXTREMITES BUCKY HANCHE AP HANCHE O FEMUR HUMERUS
AP LATERAL AXIAL THOR
DESSUS TBL TOP MAIN POIGNET AV BRAS COUDE PIED CHEVILLE TIBIA GENOU
CHANGER CHANGER
SPECIAL TOMO AUX UTIL-1 UTIL-2 UTIL-3 CONTRAST
1 2
VUES ANATOMIQUES
SOUS-MENU EXTREMITE
DOSSIER DE TABLE
MAIN PA LATERAL OBLIQUE DOIGTS -- -- -- --
POIGNET PA LATERAL OBLIQUE -- -- -- -- --
AV BRAS PA LATERAL OBLIQUE -- -- -- -- --
COUDE PA LATERAL AXIAL -- -- -- -- --
PIED PA LATERAL OBLIQUE ORTEILS -- -- -- --
CHEVILLE PA LATERAL OBLIQUE -- -- -- -- --
TIBIA PA LATERAL OBLIQUE -- -- -- -- --
GENOU PA LATERAL AXIAL -- -- -- -- --
VUES ANATOMIQUES
SOUS - MENU SPECIAL
SOUS-
ESTOM
CONTRASTE VES BIL ESTOM AP COLON CONT AIR IVP OESPH 40 OESPH 72
LATERAL
29
REV 2 om 2401587--100
Table 3
APR Matrix (Spanish)
VISTAS ANATOMICAS
REGIONES DEL CUERPO
Vista-1 Vista-2 Vista-3 Vista-4 Vista-5 Vista-6 Vista-7 Vista-8
ARTICULAC. SILLA SILLA

MASTOIDES
CRANEO AP / PA LATERAL TOWNES MASTOIDES TEMPORO- TURCA TURCA
LATERAL
MANDIBULAR AP LATERAL
SENOS ARCO AGUJEROS MANDIBULA

CARA AP / PA LATERAL STENVERS LAW’S
WATERS CIGOMATICO OPTICOS LATERAL
TRONCO CERVICAL CERVICAL DORSAL DORSAL CERVICO-- ESCAPULA

HOMBRO CLAVICULA
SUPERIOR AP LATERAL AP LATERAL DORSAL LATERAL
TRONCO LUMBAR LUMBAR PELVIS SACRO SACRO ABDOMEN ABDOMEN

PELVIMETRIA
INFERIOR AP LATERAL AP AP LATERAL AP LATERAL
COSTILLAS COSTILLAS ESTERNON

PECHO AP / PA LATERAL 60” CART ESTERNON LORDOTIC
SUPERIOR INFERIOR LATERAL
HUMERO
EXTREMIDADES CADERA CADERA RODILLA RODILLA RODILLA
FEMUR HUMERO TRANS-
SOBRE BUCKY AP FROG AP LATERAL AXIAL
TORACICA
EXTREMIDADES
MANO MUÑECA ANTEBRAZO CODO PIE TOBILLO TIBIA RODILLA
SOBRE TABLERO
CAMBIADOR CAMBIADOR
ESPECIAL TOMO AUXILIAR USUARIO-1 USUARIO-2 USUARIO-3 CONTRASTE
1 2
VISTAS ANATOMICAS
SUB-MENU EXTREMIDAD
SOBRE TABLERO
MANO PA LATERAL OBLICUO DEDOS -- -- -- --
MUÑECA PA LATERAL OBLICUO -- -- -- -- --
ANTEBRAZO PA LATERAL OBLICUO -- -- -- -- --
CODO PA LATERAL AXIAL -- -- -- -- --
PIE PA LATERAL OBLICUO DEDOS -- -- -- --
TOBILLO PA LATERAL OBLICUO -- -- -- -- --
TIBIA PA LATERAL OBLICUO -- -- -- -- --
RODILLA PA LATERAL AXIAL -- -- -- -- --
VISTAS ANATOMICAS
SUB MENU ESPECIAL
SUB-MENU
VESICULA ESTOMAGO ESTOMAGO ESOFAGO ESOFAGO

CONTRASTE COLON CONTRASTE IVP
BILIAR AP LATERAL 40” 72”
30
REV 2 om 2401587--100
Table 4
APR Matrix (German)
ANATOMISCHE ANSICHTEN
KÖRPER BEREICHE
KÖRPER-BEREICHE
Ansicht-1 Ansicht-2 Ansicht-3 Ansicht-4 Ansicht-5 Ansicht-6 Ansicht-7 Ansicht-8
MASTOID SELLA SELLA

SCHÄDEL AP / PA LATERAL HEMI AP MATOID AP KIEFERGELENKE
LATERAL AP LATERAL
UNTERKIEFER NASENBEIN
GESICHTSSCHÄDEL AP / PA LATERAL NNH ORBITA JOCHBEIN STENVERS
LATERAL LATERAL
HWS HWS BWS BWS BWS SCHULTERBLATT SCHULTER

OBERER RUMPF CLAVICULA
AP LATERAL AP LATERAL SCHWIMMER SEITLICH AP
LWS LWS BECKENÜBER- STEIßBEIN STEIßBEIN ABDOMEN ABDOMEN I.V.

UNTERER RUMPF
AP LATERAL SICHT AP LATERAL AP LSL UROGRAMM
OBEREN UNTEREN STERNUM STERNUM

THORAX AP / PA LATERAL SCHRÄG LORDOSE
RIPPEN RIPPEN PA LATERAL
UNTERE HÜFTE HÜFTE KNIE KNIE KNIE

OS AP US AP US SCHRÄG
EXTREMITÄTEN AP LAUENSTEIN AP LATERAL AXIAL
HAND--
OBERE EXTREMITÄTEN HAND UNTERARM ELLBOGEN FUß OSG US KNIE
GELENK
WECHSLER WECHSLER
SPEZIALAUFNAHMEN TOMOGRAPHIE AUX BENUTZER-1 BENUTZER-2 BENUTZER-3 KONTRAST
1 2
OBERTISCHAUFNAH-
MEN-- UNTERMENÜ
Ansicht-1 Ansicht-2 Ansicht-3 Ansicht-4 Ansicht-5 Ansicht-6 Ansicht-7 Ansicht-8
HAND HAND
HAND HAND PA FINGER -- -- -- --
LATERAL SCHRÄG
HANDGELENK HANDGELENK HANDGELENK

HANDGELENK -- -- -- -- --
PA SEITL SCHRÄG
UNTERARM UNTERARM UNTERARM

UNTERARM -- -- -- -- --
AP LATERAL SCHRÄG
ELLBOGEN ELLBOGEN ELLBOGEN

ELLBOGEN -- -- -- -- --
PA LATERAL AXIAL
FUSS FUSS
FUß FUSS PA ZEHEN -- -- -- --
LATERAL SCHRÄG
OSG AP LATERAL SCHRÄG -- -- -- -- --
US AP LATERAL SCHRÄG -- -- -- -- --
KNIE KNIE PA KNIE SEITL KNIE AXIAL -- -- -- -- --
SPEZIALAUFNAHMEN
Ansicht-1 Ansicht-2 Ansicht-- 3 Ansicht-4 Ansicht-5 Ansicht-6 Ansicht-7 Ansicht-8
GALLEN-- MAGEN MAGEN DOPPEL--

KONTRAST KOLON IVP SPEISE40 SPEISE72
BLASE AP LATERAL KONTRAST
31
REV 2 om 2401587--100
Table 5
APR Matrix (Italian)
PROIEZIONE RADIOGRAFICA
REGIONE ANATOMICA
Incidenza-1 Incidenza-2 Incidenza-3 Incidenza-4 Incidenza-5 Incidenza-6 Incidenza-7 Incidenza-8
ARTICOLAZIONE SELLA SELLA

LATERALE PROIEZIONE MASTOIDE
CRANIO AP / PA MASTOIDE TEMPORO-- TIURCICA TURCICA
LL TOWNES LL
MANDIBOLARE AP LL
P. OCCIPITO
LATERALE SENI ARCATA CANALI MANDIBOLE PROIEZIONE
MASSICCIO FACCIALE AP / PA ZIGOMATICA
LL PARANASALI ZIGOMATICA OTTICI LL DI LAW
DI STENVERS
CERVICALE CERVICALE TORACE TORACE ARTO SCAPOLA

TRONCO SUPERIORE SPALLA CLAVICOLA
AP LL AP LL ADDOMINALE LL
LOMBARE LOMBARE BACINO SACRO SACRO ADDOME ADDOME

TRONCO INFERIORE PELVIMETRIA
AP LL AP AP LL AP LL
COSTE COSTE
LATERALE STERNO
TORACE AP / PA 60” CART SOPRADIAFR SOTTODIAFR STERNO LORDOTICO
LL LL
AMMATICHE AMMATICHE
OMERO
ANCA ASSIALE GINOCCHIO GINOCCHIO ASSIALE
ESTREMITA’ IN POTTER FEMORE OMERO TRANS-
AP ANCA AP LL GINOCCHIO
TORACICO
ESTREMITA’ FUORI
MANO POLSO AVAMBRACCIO GOMITO PIEDE CAVIGLIA TIBIA GINOCCHIO
POTTER
CHANGER CHANGER OPERATORE OPERATORE OPERATORE

SPECIALE TOMO AUX CONTRASTO
1 2 1 2 3
SOTTO-MENU
SOTTO MENU PER PROIEZIONE RADIOGRAFICA
LE ESTREMITA’ FUORI
POTTER Incidenza-1 Incidenza-2 Incidenza-3 Incidenza-4 Incidenza-5 Incidenza-6 Incidenza-7 Incidenza-8
MANO AP LATERALE OBLIQUA DITA -- -- -- --
POLSO AP LATERALE OBLIQUA -- -- -- -- --
AVAMBRACCIO AP LATERALE OBLIQUA -- -- -- -- --
GOMITO AP LATERALE ASSIALE -- -- -- -- --
DITA DEI
PIEDI AP LATERALE OBLIQUA -- -- -- --
PIEDE
CAVIGLIA AP LATERALE OBLIQUA -- -- -- -- --
TIBAI AP LATERALE OBLIQUA -- -- -- -- --
GINOCCHIO AP LATERALE ASSIALE -- -- -- -- --
PROIEZIONE RADIOGRAFICA
SOTTO-MENU SPECIALE
Incidenza-1 Incidenza-2 Incidenza-3 Incidenza-4 Incidenza-5 Incidenza-6 Incidenza-7 Incidenza-8
GALL STOMACH STOMACH AIR

CONTRASTO COLON IVP ESOPH 40 ESOPH 72
BLADDER AP LATERAL CONTRAST
32
REV 2 om 2401587--100
Table 6
APR Matrix (Portuguese)
VISTAS ANATÔMICAS
REGIÕES DO CORPO
Vista 1 Vista 2 Vista 3 Vista 4 Vista 5 Vista 6 Vista 7 Vista 8
ARTICULAÇÃO SELA SELA

MASTÓIDE
CRÂNIO AP / PA LATERAL TOWNES MASTÓIDE TEMPORO TURCA TURCA
LATERAL
MANDIBULAR AP LATERAL
ARCO FORAMES MANDÍBULA

ZIGOMÁTICO ÓPTICOS LATERAL
CERVICAL CERVICAL TORÁCICO TORÁCICO TORÁCICO ESCÁPULA

TRONCO SUPERIOR OMBRO CLAVÍCULA
AP LATERAL AP LATERAL NADADOR LATERAL
LOMBAR LOMBAR PELVE SACRO SACRO ABDÔMEN ABDÔMEN

TRONCO INFERIOR PELVIMETRIA
COSTELAS COSTELAS ESTERNO

TÓRAX AP / PA LATERAL CART 60” ESTERNO LORDÓTICO
SUPER. INFER. LATERAL
ÚMERO
EXTREMIDADE NO QUADRIL JOELHO JOELHO JOELHO
QUADRIL AP FÊMUR ÚMERO TRANS-
BUCKY POS. RÃ AP LATERAL AXIAL
TORÁCICO
EXTREMIDADE NO
MÃO PUNHO ANTEBRAÇO COTOVELO PÉ TORNOZELO TÍBIA JOELHO
TAMPO DA MESA
TROCADOR TROCADOR
ESPECIAL TOMO AUX USUÁRIO 1 USUÁRIO 2 USUÁRIO 3 CONTRASTE
1 2
SUB-- MENU
SUB VISTAS ANATÔMICAS
DE EXTREMIDADE
NO TAMPO DA MESA Vista 1 Vista 2 Vista 3 Vista 4 Vista 5 Vista 6 Vista 7 Vista 8
MÃO PA LATERAL OBLIQUA DEDOS -- -- -- --
PUNHO PA LATERAL OBLIQUA -- -- -- -- --
ANTEBRAÇO PA LATERAL OBLIQUA -- -- -- -- --
COTOVELO PA LATERAL AXIAL -- -- -- -- --
PÉ PA LATERAL OBLIQUA DEDOS -- -- -- --
TORNOZELO PA LATERAL OBLIQUA -- -- -- -- --
TÍBIA PA LATERAL OBLIQUA -- -- -- -- --
JOELHO PA LATERAL AXIAL -- -- -- -- --
VISTAS ANATÔMICAS
SUB-- MENU
DE ESPECIAL
Vista 1 Vista 2 Vista 3 Vista 4 Vista 5 Vista 6 Vista 7 Vista 8
VESÍCULA ESTÔMAGO ESTÔMAGO CONTRASTE

CONTRASTE CÓLON IVP ESÔFAGO 40 ESÔFAGO 72
BILIAR AP LATERAL DE AR
33
REV 2 om 2401587--100
APR TECHNIQUE CHANGES
The APR techniques are factory pre-programmed to standard technique sets.

All parameters of the APR techniques may be manually modified by the
operator and stored in the non-volatile memory for later use.
If the operator determines that some factors in an APR technique should be

re-programmed, use the following procedure:
1. Select an APR technique and modify the factors and selections of

Workstations or AEC which require to be re-programmed.
2. Verify that all factors of the technique are at the required values.
3. Simultaneously press the push-buttons numbers “5” and “8” of the APR
Display to store the new technique. (Refer to Illustration 3.)
The newly selected technique is now stored in memory and can be

recalled for future examinations.
Note . This procedure only changes the technique values of the selected
patient size, repeat the procedure for other patient sizes.
Illustration 3
APR Storage Push-buttons
APR Storage Push-buttons
34
REV 2 om 2401587--100
3.4 TUBE-ALIGNING FAIL-SAFE CIRCUIT (OPTIONAL)
The Tube-Aligning Fail-Safe Circuit inhibits X-ray exposures when the

Workstation selected by the Operator is not the Workstation (Table or Wall
Stand) to which the X-ray Tube is aligned.
After the “Preparation” button is pressed, one of the following error codes (EL0,
EL1 or EL2) appear on the Console accopanied by an alarm:
• EL1: The X-ray Tube is not correctly directed toward the Workstation
designated as WS Interlock 1.
• EL2: The X-ray Tube is not correctly directed toward the Workstation
designated as WS Interlock 2.
• EL0: Tube-Aligning Fail-Safe Circuit device not functioning correctly.
Refer to Error Codes -- Table 7 for more information.
3.5 RAPID TERMINATION (OPTIONAL)
This safety device terminates the X-ray exposure when no radiation is detected
in the Ion Chamber or the selected parameters (short backup time/mAs) are not
appropriate for an exposure with AEC.
AEC Rapid Termination compares the AEC ramp with a 25% of the final value
at the 30% of the Backup Time. It is activated after 30% of the exposure backup
time and after 10 ms of exposure, both conditions have to be fulfilled.
Whenever the AEC is ON, it is recommended to select an exposure back-up

time higher than 100 ms for improved operation of Rapid Termination.
The Error Code related to the Rapid Termination is E95 (Refer to Error Codes
-- Table 7 for more information).
35
REV 2 om 2401587--100
3.6 EXPOSURE CONTROLS AND INDICATORS
OFF Radiographic exposures from the Control Console are made with the “Prep”
Prep (preparation) and “Expose” (X-ray exposure) Handswitch. The status of the
Exp exposure is indicated by the “Ready” and “X-ray On” indicators for the duration
of the exposure. Before making a new exposure, it is required to fully release
the Handswitch button.
Tomographic exposures controlled from the Generator are also performed with
the Handswitch.
PREP: Press the handswitch half-way (”Prep” position) to prepare the selected
X-ray Tube for exposure. The “Ready” indicator on the Console will light when
the X-ray Tube is prepared and there are no interlock failure or system faults.
After pressing this push-button, the following functions are activated:
• Anode rotation.
• Filament current switches from stand-by to the selected mA.
Note . Press “Prep” only when the technique is selected on the Console
and the Patient is ready for the exposure. The High Speed
Generators can be configured so that the anode remains running
for approximately one minute when “Prep” is pressed three
consecutive times in intervals shorter than 30 seconds.
EXP: After the “Ready” indicator is illuminated,fully press the handswitch to

start an X-ray exposure. If the button is released before the Generator
completes the selected time or the AEC time, the exposure will be prematurely
terminated and the actual mAs and Exposure Time will be displayed.
The “X-ray On” indicator remains illuminated during the length of exposure.
READY: Indicates that the technique selected is properly set, there are no
interlock failures or system faults, the anode is rotating and the X-ray Tube is
ready for exposure.
X-RAY ON: Indicates that the X-ray exposure is in progress. At the same time
that radiographic exposures are being made, an audible signal sounds.
36
REV 2 om 2401587--100
3.7 HEAT UNITS
This X-ray Generator is equipped with a Heat Unit Calculator. During

exposures, the Heat Units are calculated and totalled.
To view the remaining Heat Units, press the “On” push-button. The kVp Display
shows the percentage of Heat Units that remain preceded by the letter “H”. For
example, a display of “H75” would indicate that 75% of Heat Units capacity of
the X-ray Tube remains. “H -- -- ” indicates that all the capacity remains. The kVp
Display reverts to its normal function after releasing the “On” push-button.
3.8 X-RAY TUBE POWER LIMIT
The X-ray Tube power can be limited for working at 80% or 100%.
To read and select this limit, press the “On” push-button. The value indicated
on the mAs Display is the percentage of the X-ray Tube power selected for
operating, and it can be changed by pressing the “kVp Increase / Decrease”
push-button.
Note . The X-ray Tube power is auto-limited to the last selected limit (80%
or 100%) each time the Generator is powered ON.
37
REV 2 om 2401587--100
3.9 EXPOSURE COUNTERS
The operator can read the number of exposures made by the Generator, as
indicated below:
RAD EXPOSURES
Press and hold and press once
IN TUBE-1
RAD EXPOSURES
Press and hold and press once
IN TUBE-2
The number of exposures is shown on the kVp and mAs Displays, up to a

maximum of 999,999 exposures.
= 123.456 exposures
kV mAs
3.10 ERROR CODES
Error codes indicate the potential cause of a system failure. Error codes are
shown on the kVp Display at the same time an audio signal is emitted. Correct
the error cause and keep pressed the “AEC Reset” push-button till the Console
indication disappears. (Refer to Table 7).
All these error codes are preceded by the letter “E” (i.e., E01) and they will
enable the operator to indirectly convey the possible source of error to service
personnel. This may prevent the need for a service call or enable service
personnel to anticipate corrective actions prior to arriving on site.
38
REV 2 om 2401587--100
Table 7
Error Codes
ERROR DESCRIPTION WHAT TO DO
System failure. This indication may appear together with an

-- -- -- -- -- -- Turn the Generator OFF and ON.
error on the Console, and indicates that the error is not
on Display If the equipment remains inoperative, turn it OFF and call Field Service.
correctable unless the equipment is turned OFF.
Turn the Generator OFF, check the proper external cable connections
E01, E02 Communication error. and then turn the Generator ON. If the equipment remains inoperative,
turn it OFF and call Field Service.
E03 System failure.

Turn the
T th Generator
G t OFF and d ON.
ON
The Power Cabinet has activated “Preparation” without a If the equipment remains inoperative, turn it OFF and call Field Service.
E04
Console command intervention.
Release any external exposure device or push-buttons.

E05 External exposure activated during power-up. Turn the Generator OFF and ON.
If the equipment remains inoperative, turn it OFF and call Field Service.
Release all the controls.

“Exposure” or/and “Preparation” orders are activated during
E06 Turn the Generator OFF and ON.
power-up.
Press the “AEC Reset” push-button.

E07, E08 X-ray Tube configuration error. If the error code persists, turn the Generator OFF and ON.
Generator Overload error. The exposure has been

interrupted because during the exposure an arcing or
malfunction has occured on the HV circuitry (X-ray Tube, This error does not require to press the “AEC Reset” push-button, its
HV Transformer and/or HV Cables) or a failure of the IGBT indication disappears automatically.
E09 modulehas been detected (overheated or defective IGBTs). If the error code persists, turn the Generator OFF and wait 30 minutes
before turning it ON again.
It can also appear when making a high powered and lengthy If the equipment remains inoperative, turn it OFF and call Field Service.
exposure with the X-ray tube cool (X-ray Tube has not been
warmed-up).

E10, E11 System failure. If the error code persists, turn the Generator OFF and ON.
E12 No mA during exposure or mA value is out of range. Press the “AEC Reset” push-button.
Repeat with same technique values, If the error code persists try with
another combinations of kV and mA values.
E13 No kV during exposure or kV value is out of range. If the equipment remains inoperative, turn it OFF and call Field Service.

E14, E15 System failure. If the error code persists, turn the Generator OFF and ON again.
Decrease kV, mA or both. Press the “AEC Reset” push-button.

E16 Invalid value of: kV, mA or kW. If the error code persists, turn the Generator OFF and ON.
Turn the Generator OFF and ON.

E17 Communication error or system failure.
This error does not require to press the “AEC Reset” push-button, its
Rotor error. The X-ray tube anode is not rotating while
indication disappears automatically.
E18 “Prep” is active, then exposures are inhibited, or the X-ray
If the error code persists, turn the Generator OFF and ON.
tube anode is rotating without console command.
Turn the Generator OFF and ON.

E19, E20 System failure.

E21, E22 Incorrect selection of the X-ray Tube. If the error code persists, turn the Generator OFF and ON.
39
REV 2 om 2401587--100
Table 7 (cont.)
Error Codes
E23 System failure. Press the “AEC Reset” ppush-button.

If the
h error code
d persists,
i turn the
h Generator
G OFF and
d ON.
ON
E24 Bucky not ready for an exposure. If the equipment remains inoperative, turn it OFF and call Field Service.

Battery Fault. The batteries charge level is momentarily low,
Wait 5 minutes before making a new exposure.
E25 or some batteries are discharged or damaged. (Only in
Generators working with batteries).

E26, E27 System failure. If the error code persists, turn the Generator OFF and ON.

Check that communication cable between Generator and console is
E33 Serial Communication error. properly connected.
Technique error. If it activates during exposure it means

that the exposure has been interrupted by the “Security
Timer” because of a system failure. Call Field Service.
This error can also be shown:
-- after an APR technique selection to advise that exposure
E34
parameters displayed on the console are not the values
stored for this APR technique. Exposure parameters are
adapted by the Generator to another enable values.
-- after the “ABC” push-button selection, when ABC is not
enable.
Door Open error. The X-ray room door is open when the
E35
X-ray equipment is in use. These errors do not require to press the “AEC Reset” push-button, theirs
i di ti
indications disappear
di automatically.
t ti ll
Heat Units error. The X-ray Tube thermostat / pressurestat If the error code persists, turn the Generator OFF and ON.
is open due to the tube housing is overheated (housing is If the equipment remains inoperative, turn it OFF and call Field Service.
E36 too hot, wait for the housing to cool) or a thermostat /
pressurestat mal-function (housing is cool). Heat units may
raise to any value.
Tube Overload error. The technique selected is beyond the

X-ray tube ratings or present conditions of the X-ray tube
inhibit the exposure (anode overheated). Parameters for
next exposure may be temporally limited by the Generator
E37
(change the exposure values or wait for the X-ray tube to
cool). Check that heat units available are lower than the
calculated for the next exposure (heat units close to zero).
Reduce exposure factors or wait for the X-ray tube to cool.

E41 to E46 System failure related to Dosimeter. If the error code persists, turn the Generator OFF and ON.
40
REV 2 om 2401587--100
Table 7 (cont.)
Error Codes

Capacitors are not charged when “Prep” control is activated. Wait one minute for Capacitor charging before activating “Prep” control.
E47
The exposure is inhibited until the Capacitors are charged. If the error code persists, turn the Generator OFF and ON.
Collimator Error. A failure on the Automatic Collimator has

E48 been detected (blades are full open or in movement during
exposure, etc. ) Press the “AEC Reset” p push-button.
If the error code persists,
persists turn the Generator OFF and ON.ON
E50 Exposure has been aborted by the Operator. If the equipment
q p remains inoperative,
p , turn it OFF and call Field Service.
E51 to E93 System failure related to High Speed Rotor Controller.
Press the “AEC Reset” push-button. Select the correct Ion Chamber or
E95 Exposure aborted by the AEC Rapid Termination. modify parameters. Repeat the exposure.

System failure related to Capacitor charge (only for
E96, E97 If the error code persists, turn the Generator OFF and ON.
Capacitor Powered Generator).
Press the “AEC Reset” push-button and call Field Service. This error
E98 Service Mode Active.
does not inhibit normal operation.
Press the “AEC Reset” button until the error indication disappears on
the Console. Turn the Generator OFF and ON.
EL0 More than one WS Interlock are active at the same time.
If the equipment remains inoperative, call Field Service.
In this case, the Generator can still work in “Direct” mode.
WS Interlock 1. The X-ray Tube orientation is incorrect for Press the “AEC Reset” button until the error indication disappears on
EL1 the selected Workstation (configured for Alignment the Console and correct the X-ray Tube orientation.
Interlock-1, usually the Table).
WS Interlock 2. The X-ray Tube orientation is incorrect for If the equipment remains inoperative, call Field Service.
EL2 the selected Workstation (configured for Alignment In this case, the Generator can still work in “Direct” mode and with the
Interlock-2, usually the Wall Stand). other Workstation.
41
REV 2 om 2401587--100
42
REV 2 om 2401587--100
SECTION 4 OPERATING SEQUENCES
4.1 START-UP ROUTINE
System power is applied by pressing the “Power On” push-button on the Control
Console. The Generator will go through a start-up routine conducting an
automatic self-test that will show on the RAD kV Display information usable only
by service personnel.
After the power-up has been completed the Console should display normal
radiographic factors. If there is a malfunction, error messages will be displayed
on the RAD kV Display specifying the fault.
Note . Some indicators on the Console are used to provide service

information during the start-up process. These indicators should
be ignored by the operator until the unit has completed its
power-up sequence.
4.2 X-RAY TUBE WARM-UP PROCEDURE
Before effecting X-ray exposures ensure that the Tube is

properly warmed-up. Make sure that no persons will be
inadvertently exposed to unnecessary X-rays during this
procedure.
Routine exposures should not be effected unless the Tube is previously

warmed-up, this prolongs X-ray Tube life.
It is recommended that the following procedure will be performed for X-ray Tube
warm-up, at the start of each day and when the Tube selected has not been in
use for approximately one hour.
This warm-up procedure is used for a typical X-ray Tube.

Consult the X-ray Tube manufacturer instructions for the
actual Tube in use, comparing its recommendations with
this procedure. If there is conflict with this procedure,
comply with the Tube manufacturer’s instructions.
43
REV 2 om 2401587--100
Perform X-ray Tube warm-up as follows:
• Close the collimator blades fully.
• Select 70 kV, 100 mAs, 200 mA and 500 ms exposure.
• Insure that no one will be exposed.
• Make a total of three exposures, 15 seconds apart.
Excessive filament evaporation shortens X-ray Tube life.

Minimize evaporation by keeping Exposure “Preparation”
time to an absolute minimum.
4.3 RADIOGRAPHIC OPERATION MODES
RAD operation can be performed in the following modes:
• Anatomical Programs (APR).
• One point control by selecting kVp with AEC operations.
• Three point control by selecting kVp, mA and Exposure Time

independently.
• Two point control by selecting kVp and mAs independently. mAs

selection sets the maximum mA available for the selected Focal Spot
and the respective Exposure Time. In this control mode, when kVp value
is increased, the Generator will automatically look for the adequate
combination of mA and Exposure Time factors to avoid the “Tube
Overload” warning, keeping constant mAs.
Note . Operation at Three or Two Point control mode depends on the

push-buttons pressed for the technique selection. Activate the
Three Point mode by pressing on the mA or Exposure Time
push-buttons, or activate the Two Point mode by pressing on the
mAs push-buttons.
44
REV 2 om 2401587--100
4.4 RADIOGRAPHIC OPERATION
A typical RAD examination sequence is as indicated below:
1. Make sure that the X-ray Tube to be used is properly warmed-up.
2. Position the patient for the examination.
3. Select the proper “workstation” (Direct, Table Bucky, Wall Bucky, etc.)
and the technique parameters using the controls on the Console.
4. Instruct patient to maintain the required position. Prepare the X-ray Tube
by pressing the Handswitch button to the “Prep” position and maintain
it until the “Ready” indicator is illuminated.
5. Instruct patient to remain still and to hold his breath as required, then
make the X-ray exposure by pressing the Handswitch button fully to the
“Exp” position and maintain it throughout the exposure. The “X-ray On”
indicator will light and an audible signal will sound during the exposure.
6. When the exposure is finished, release the Handswitch button.
7. Repeat the procedure if additional exposures are desired.
45
REV 2 om 2401587--100
4.5 AEC OPERATION
The proper use of AEC requires accurate patient positioning. For examination
using AEC, the operator will need to select the desired AEC parameters at the
Generator Console, as follows:
3. Select the proper “workstation” and enter in AEC mode by selecting at

least one Area Detector “Field” on the Console.
4. Adjust the “Film Density” setting (“0” is the normal setting).
5. If required, choose another “Film Screen Combination”.
6. Select the technique parameters using the controls on the Generator

Console. Because the exposure will be finished by the AEC, make sure
that a suitable back-up time is set.
7. Continue with the normal procedure for a typical radiographic operation.

(Refer to Section 4.4 -- step 4.)
46
REV 2 om 2401587--100
4.6 APR OPERATION
An examination using an APR technique could consist of the following:
3. Select the “Patient Size” corresponding to the patient’s anatomy. This

operation activate the APR mode. Select the “Pediatric” push-button if
the patient is not an adult.
4. Select a general “Body Region” and an “Anatomical View” of the

indicated on the APR Display.
5. The technique parameters, Workstation information, Focal Spot, AEC

selections, etc... corresponding to the APR selection are displayed and
indicated on the Generator Console. If needed, the parameters and
selections can be directly modified by the operator.
6. Make sure that the selected “workstation” is in accordance with the

examination in process.
7. Continue with the normal procedure for a typical radiographic operation.

(Refer to Section 4.4 -- step 4.)
47
REV 2 om 2401587--100
4.7 TOMOGRAPHIC OPERATION
A typical Tomographic examination sequence is as indicated below:
3. Select the proper “workstation” configured on the Console to perform

Tomographic examinations controlled by the Generator.
4. Select the technique parameters on the Generator Console. If the

exposure time is sent from the Table the Generator Console selects
automatically this time and 25 mA. In this case, the exposure time can
not be modified, but the mA value must to be adjusted by the operator
in order to obtain a correct Tomographic examination.
5. Tomographic operation disables operation with AEC.
6. Make sure that other Tomographic selections on the Table are correct.
7. Instruct patient to maintain in the required position. Prepare the X-ray

Tube and make the exposures by using the Handswitch of the Generator
Console.
8. The “X-ray On” indicator will light and an audible signal will sound during
the exposure.
9. When the exposure are finished, release the Handswitch button.
10. Repeat the procedure if additional Tomographic examinations are

desired.
48
REV 2 om 2401587--100
SECTION 5 PERIODIC MAINTENANCE
In order to assure continued safe performance of the X-ray generator, a periodic

maintenance program must be established. It is the owner’s responsibility to
supply or arrange for this service.
There are two levels of maintenance, the first consists of tasks which are
performed by the user/operator, and the second are those tasks to be
performed by qualified X-ray service personnel.
The first periodic maintenance service should be performed six (6) months after
installation, and the subsequent services at twelve (12) month intervals.
The manufacturer undertakes to have available spare parts for this equipment
at least for five (5) years after the unit manufacturing.
5.1 OPERATOR TASKS
5.1.1 BATTERIES MAINTENANCE (ONLY FOR GENERATORS WITH BATTERIES)
Tasks for a proper batteries maintenance:
• Recharge the batteries for at least 30 minutes at the beginning of the day
before using the unit.
• Recharge the batteries for at least 30 minutes at the end of the day after
using the unit.
• Fully recharge the batteries (8 hours) when the unit is going to be

disconnected for more than 3 weeks.
• Fully recharge the batteries (8 hours) when the unit has been
disconnected for more than 3 weeks.
• Keep the unit connected to the mains whenever possible to maintain the
batteries at the floating (maintenance) level. This will increase the
batteries lifetime.
• Do not allow the batteries to be deeply discharged because they will

loose storage capacity and will never be able to recover the 100% of the
original capacity.
Note . The Control Console of the unit does not need to be switched ON
to recharge the batteries. It is enough to keep plugged the unit
to the mains with the emergency switch deactivated (red
mushroom-shaped switch).
49
REV 2 om 2401587--100
5.1.2 PERIODIC MAINTENANCE
The tasks of this periodic maintenance shall include the following items:
DO NOT REMOVE ANY COVER, DISASSEMBLE OR

MANIPULATE INTERNAL COMPONENTS IN THE UNIT.
THESE ACTIONS COULD CAUSE SERIOUS PERSONAL
INJURIES AND / OR EQUIPMENT DAMAGE.
NEVER ATTEMPT TO CLEAN ANY PART OF THE UNIT WHEN

IT IS SWITCHED ON. ALWAYS SWITCH OFF THE
EQUIPMENT AND ISOLATE THE MAINS ELECTRICAL
SUPPLY BEFORE CLEANING.
1. Switch the Generator OFF.
2. Externally, check the proper cable connections between each major

component in the X-ray system.
3. Clean the equipment frequently, particularly if corroding chemicals are

present. Clean external covers and surfaces, especially parts in contact
with patients, with a cloth moistened in warm water with mild soap. Wipe
with a cloth moistened in clean water. Do not use cleaners or solvents
of any kind.
5.2 SERVICE TASKS
Only service personnel specifically trained on this medical X-ray equipment

should work on service tasks or maintenance of the equipment. (Refer to
“Maintenance” document.)
50
REV 2 om 2401587--100
SECTION 6 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
6.1 FACTORS OF LINE POWERED GENERATOR
Maximum Power kW
32 kW 50 kW
(Refer to Identification Label)
kVp Range 40 kV to 125 kV in 1 kV steps. 40 kV to 150 kV in 1 kV steps.
Product of mA x Time values from 0.1 mAs to 500 mAs

mAs
A RRange
-- (640 mAs on request)
10 to 400 mA 10 to 640 mA
mA Range From 10 mA to 400 or 640 mA through the following mA stations:

10, 12.5, 16, 20, 25, 32, 40, 50, 64, 80, 100, 125, 160, 200, 250, 320, 400, 500, 640.
(Depending on the Generator model)
From 1 millisecond to 10 seconds through the following Time stations:

Milliseconds: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 16, 20, 25, 32, 40, 50, 64, 80,
Exposure Time Range
100, 125, 160, 200, 250, 320, 400, 500, 640, 800.
Seconds: 1, 1.25, 1.6, 2, 2.5, 3.2, 4, 5, 6.4, 8, 10.
mAs: 0.1 mAs to 500 mAs

AEC
Exposure Time: Nominal shortest irradiation Time = 1 ms
150 kVp @ 320 mA

125 kVp @ 250 mA 125 kVp @ 250 mA
125 kVp @ 400 mA
Power Output (@ 0,1s) 100 kVp @ 320 mA 100 kVp @ 320 mA
100 kVp @ 500 mA
80 kVp @ 400 mA 80 kVp @ 400 mA
78 kVp @ 640 mA
The Duty Cycle is continuos, but limits depends on the capacity of the X-ray Tube
D t Cycle
Duty C l
Maximum leakage radiation depends on the type of X-ray Tube
230 / 240 VAC 400 / 415 / 440 / 480 VAC 400 / 415 / 440 / 480 VAC
Single-Phase , 50 / 60 Hz Three-Phase , 50 / 60 Hz Three-Phase , 50 / 60 Hz
Power Line Operation Line Voltage Automatic Compensation ¦10% VAC
NOTE: For lines at 210 VAC or below an auxiliary boost transformer

is required to adequate the line voltage to the Generator input.
Temperature range of 10oC to 40oC

Operating
Relative Humidity (non--condensing) range of 30% to 75%
Environmental Conditions
Atmospheric Pressure range of 700 hPa to 1060 hPa
51
REV 2 om 2401587--100
6.2 FACTORS OF BATTERY POWERED GENERATOR
Maximum Power kW
32 kW
kVp Range From 40 kV to 125 kV in 1 kV steps.
mAs Range Product of mA x Time values from 0.1 mAs to 500 mAs
10 to 400 mA
mA Range
From 10 mA to 320 mA through the following mA stations:
10, 12.5, 16, 20, 25, 32, 40, 50, 64, 80, 100, 125, 160, 200, 250, 320, 400.

Milliseconds: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 16, 20, 25, 32, 40, 50, 64, 80,
Exposure Time Range
100, 125, 160, 200, 250, 320, 400, 500, 640, 800.
Seconds: 1, 1.25, 1.6, 2, 2.5, 3.2, 4, 5, 6.4, 8, 10.

AEC
125 kVp @ 250 mA

Power Output (@ 0,1s) 100 kVp @ 320 mA
80 kVp @ 400 mA
D t Cycle
Duty C l
110 / 208 / 230 / 240 VAC -- Single-Phase, 50 / 60 Hz

Connection to standard outlets with GND that accomplishes local regulations
Maximum Input Power 1 kVA
Operation independent from

Standard
mains supply (Stand-Alone)
30 Batteries of 9 A/h fully charged float voltage of 420 Volts at nominal 360 Volts.
Batteries Capacity Maximum charge after 8 hours
Storage Capacity: 67.500 mAs @ 100 kVp

Operating (Battery Powered Generators: for a longer battery life cycle, a temperature around 22 oC is recommended)
Environmental Conditions Relative Humidity (non--condensing) range of 30% to 75%
52
REV 2 om 2401587--100
6.3 FACTORS OF CAPACITOR DISCHARGE GENERATOR
Maximum Power kW
32 kW 50 kW
kVp Range From 40 kV to 150 kV in 1 kV steps.
mAs Range Product of mA x Time values from 0.1 mAs to 500 mAs
10 to 400 mA 10 to 500 mA
mA Range From 10 mA to 400 or 500 mA through the following mA stations:

10, 12.5, 16, 20, 25, 32, 40, 50, 64, 80, 100, 125, 160, 200, 250, 320, 400, 500.
(Depending on the Generator model)

Milliseconds: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 16, 20, 25, 32, 40, 50, 64, 80,
Exposure Time Range
100, 125, 160, 200, 250, 320, 400, 500, 640, 800.
Seconds: 1, 1.25, 1.6, 2, 2.5, 3.2, 4, 5, 6.4, 8, 10.

AEC
150 kVp @ 200 mA

150 kVp @ 320 mA
128 kVp @ 250 mA
Power Output (@ 0,1s) 125 kVp @ 400 mA
100 kVp @ 320 mA
100 kVp @ 500 mA
80 kVp @ 400 mA
D t Cycle
Duty C l
100 / 110 / 120 / 208 / 230 / 240 VAC -- Single-Phase , 50 / 60 Hz

Automatic Line Voltage Detection System
Power Line Adaptation for local conditions from 8 to 20 A
Connection to standard outlets with GND that accomplishes local regulations
Energy Storage Capacity 14000 Joules
Energy Storage Capacitors are automatically discharged below 50 V

Storage Capacitors Discharge
in less than 150 minutes after turning Off the Generator and unplugging it from mains.

Operating
Relative Humidity (non--condensing) range of 30% to 75%
Environmental Conditions
53
REV 2 om 2401587--100
6.4 PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS
PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS
DIMENSIONS
COMPONENT WEIGHT
Length Width Height
LINE POWERED GENERATOR
Compact Generator Cabinet

445 mm 360 mm 568 mm 72 kg
(for only 1 Tube (LSS))

592 mm 360 mm 690 mm 95 kg
(for 1 or 2 Tubes (LSS or HSS))
BATTERY POWERED GENERATOR
Compact--ESM Generator Cabinet

813 mm 436 mm 948 mm 235 kg
with Batteries Module
CAPACITOR DISCHARGE GENERATOR

500 mm 360 mm 790 mm 108 kg
with Capacitors Module
CONTROL CONSOLE
Control Console with Pedestal 433 mm 412 mm 1005 mm 11.4 kg
54
REV 2 om 2401587--100
Illustration 4
Dimensions
LINE POWERED
568
GENERATOR
(For only 1 Tube LSS)
790
CAPACITOR
DISCHARGE
LINE POWERED GENERATOR
690
GENERATOR
(For 1 or 2 Tubes
LSS or HSS)
RAD CONSOLE
1005
948
PEDESTAL
BATTERY
POWERED
GENERATOR
55
REV 2 om 2401587--100
56
REV 2 om 2401587--100
SERVICE OFFICES of GE HEALTHCARE
For service issues, contact the Service Office for your country.
AMERICAS
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

GE Healthcare Headquarters Tel: +1--414--544--3011
3000 North Grandview Blvd.
WAUKESHA, WI 53188
Mail:P.O. Box 414
MILWAUKEE, WI 53201
LATIN AMERICA
GE Healthcare Tel: +1--305--497--1200
Latin America Headquarters
5101 NW 21st Avenue, Suite 350
FORT LAUDERDALE, FL 33309
USA
ASIA
NIPPON (Japan)
GEMSA Headquarters Tel: +81--426--560007
GE Healthcare Asia
4--7--127 Asahigaoka, Hino--shi
TOKYO, JAPAN 191
REST OF ASIA
GE Pacific Pte. Ltd (GEMS Asia) Tel: +65--291--8528
South East Asia Pacific Operations (SEAPO) Fax: +65--291--7006
298 Tiong Bahru Road
#15--01/06 Tiong Bahru Plaza
SINGAPORE 0316
57
REV 2 om 2401587--100
EUROPE
BELGIE/BELGIQUE (Belgium)
GE Healthcare Benelux NV/SA (NL) Tel: +32 2 644 09 38
Manhattan Center (F) Tel: +32 2 644 08 42
Bolwerklaan 21 b 9 Avenue du Boulevard (LUX) Tel: 0800 2973
B--1210 BRUSSEL/BRUXELLES Fax: +32 2 207 73 33
DANMARK (Denmark)
GE Healthcare Danmark Tel: +45 45 51 00 55
Skovlytoften 4 Fax: +45 42 42 59 89
DK--2840 HOLTE
DEUTSCHLAND (Germany)
GE Healthcare Deutschland GmbH & Tel: 0130 4367 (gebührenfrei)
Co. KG Fax: +49 69 7682 237
Praunheimer Landstrasse 50 Tlx: 412002 GEGF D
D--60488 FRANKFURT AM MAIN
ESPAÑA (Spain)
GE Healthcare España Tel: +34 1 663 25 00
Avda. de Europa 22 Fax: +34 1 663 25 01
Parque Empresarial la Moraleja
E--28100 ALCOBENDAS
FRANCE (France)
GE Healthcare Tel: +33 (0)1 30 70 40 40
283 rue de la Minière
BP34
F--78533 BUC CEDEX
HELLAS (Greece)
GE Healthcare Hellas Tel: +30 1 93 24 582
41 Nikolaou Plastira Street Fax: +30 1 93 58 414
GR--171 21 NEA SMYRNI
ITALIA (Italy)
GE Healthcare Italia Tel: +39 39 20 881
Via Monte Albenza 9 Fax: +39 39 73 37 86
I--20052 MONZA Tlx: 3333 28
NEDERLAND (Netherlands)
GE Healthcare Nederland B.V. Tel: +31 73 6 457 457
Hambakenwetering 1 Fax: +31 73 6 441 233
NL--5231 DD S HERTOGENBOSCH
ÖSTERREICH (Austria)
GE GesmbH Healthcare Austria Tel: 0660 8651 (gebührenfrei)
Prinz Eugen Strasse 8/8 Fax: +43 1 505 38 74
A--1140 WIEN Tlx: 136314
POLSKA (Poland)
GE Healthcare Polska
Krzywickiego 34 Tel: +48 2 625 59 62
P--02--078 WARSZAWA Fax: +48 2 615 59 66
PORTUGAL (Portugal)
GE Healthcare Portuguesa S.A.
Rua Sa da Bandeira, 585 Tel: +351 2 2007696/97
Apartado 4094 Fax: +351 2 2084494
P--4002 PORTO CODEX Tlx: 22804
58
REV 2 om 2401587--100
ROSSIYA (Russia)
GE Healthcare Tel: +7 095 935 72 41
Kosmodamianskaya nab. 52, Bldg 1, 6th Floor Fax: +7 095 935 73 46 and 48
113054 MOSCOW Tel (satellite): +7 502 220 30 39
Fax (satellite): +7 502 220 32 59
Tlx: 613020 GEMED SU
SVERIGE (Sweden)
GE Healthcare Tel: +46 8 457 95 20
Box 6768 Fax: +46 8 457 95 47
St. Eriksgatan 117 Tlx: 12228 CGRSWES
S--113 85 STOCKHOLM
SCHWEIZ/SUISSE (Switzerland)
GE Healthcare (Schweiz) AG Tel: 155 6958 (gebührenfrei)
Sternmattweg 1 Fax: +41 41 421859
CH--6010 KRIENS
TÜRKIYE (Turkey)
GE Healthcare Turkiye A.S. Tel: +90 212 75 5552
Mevluk Pehliran Sodak Fax: +90 212 211 2571
Yilmaz Han, No 24 Kat 1
Gayretteppe
ISTANBUL
UNITED KINGDOM
GE Healthcare
Coolidge House Tel: +44 753 874000
352 Buckingham Avenue Fax: +44 753 696067
SLOUGH
Berkshire SL1 4ER
59
REV 2 om 2401587--100
60
REV 2 om 2401587--100
REVISION HISTORY
REV DATE REASON FOR CHANGE PAGES
1 DEC 28, 2004 First edition. 60
2 APR 09, 2008 Quality Department remarks. 62
This Document is the English original version, edited and supplied by the manufacturer.
The Revision state of this Document is indicated in the code number shown at the bottom of this page.
NUMBER SIZE REVISION
2401587--100R2 A4 2
61
REV 2 om 2401587--100
Manufactured by SEDECAL for GE Healthcare
62

RAD Console Operator Manual - UM - 2401587-100 - 2

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

RAD Console Operator Manual - UM - 2401587-100 - 2

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Technical

THIS EQUIPMENT IS DANGEROUS TO BOTH PATIENT AND OPERATOR

--- MEDICAL EQUIPMENT ---

The following advisory symbols will be used throughout this manual.

DANGERS ADVISE OF CONDITIONS OR SITUATIONS THAT

ADVISE OF CONDITIONS OR SITUATIONS THAT IF NOT

Advise of conditions or situations that if not heeded or

Note . Alert readers to pertinent facts and conditions. Notes represent

The following safety symbols will be used in the equipment.

Attention, consult accompanying documents.

This symbol indicates that the waste of electrical and

1.1 General Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

1.3 Product Identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

2.3 Maximum Permissible Dose (MPD) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

2.4 Radiation Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

2.5 Monitoring of Personnel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

2.6 Protection against Electric Shock Hazards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

3.1 Radiography and General Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

3.2 Automatic Exposure Control (AEC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

3.3 Anatomical Programmer (APR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

3.5 Rapid Termination (Optional) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

3.6 Exposure Controls and Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

3.7 Heat Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

3.8 X-Ray Tube Power Limit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

3.9 Exposure Counters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

3.10 Error Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

4.1 Start-up Routine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

4.2 X-Ray Tube Warm-up Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

4.3 Radiographic Operation Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

4.4 Radiographic Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

4.5 AEC Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

4.6 APR Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

4.7 Tomographic Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

5.1 Operator Tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

6.1 Factors of Line Powered Generator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

6.2 Factors of Battery Powered Generator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

6.3 Factors of Capacitor Discharge Generator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

6.4 Physical Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

SERVICE OFFICES OF GE HEALTHCARE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

This high frequency X-ray Generator is designed for general radiography. It

The Generator is controlled by multiple microprocessors which provide

The Generator consists of the following essential parts:

• Control Console, operator controls and displays for radiographic

• Generator Cabinet. Depending on the Generator model, it can be

G Power Module, which contains the power and control

G High Voltage Transformer.

G Battery Module, with the batteries and a charge / control

G Capacitor Module, with the capacitors and a charge / control

1.1 GENERAL FEATURES

The main features of this Generator are:

• Constant potential high frequency.

• Three point control by selecting kVp, mA and Exposure Time, or two

• Two Buckys can be directly connected to the Generator (standard).

• Self-diagnosis indicators identify malfunctions in the system.

• Tube protection circuitry prolongs Tube life and increases system

• Automatic line compensation due to closed loop operation of X-ray Tube

• Features applicable to Battery Powered Generator:

G Standard electrical outlet operation with single-phase line from

G Independent operation without mains connection (Stand-Alone).

G Under normal operating conditions, the Battery Charger keeps the

• Features applicable to Capacitor Discharge Generator:

G Standard electrical outlet operation with single-phase line at 100 /