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Dr. M. Medraj Mech. Eng. Dept. - Concordia University Mech 221 lecture 10/1 Dr. M. Medraj Mech. Eng. Dept. - Concordia University Mech 221 lecture 10/2
Where:
squeezing/ sliding twisting l = instantaneous length
Pulling/ squashing
lo = initial length
Stretching
A typical standard tensile Strain is a dimensionless quantity (or, can
Different tests measure different types of loading conditions test specimen be reported as m/m or in./in.)
Dr. M. Medraj Mech. Eng. Dept. - Concordia University Mech 221 lecture 10/3 Dr. M. Medraj Mech. Eng. Dept. - Concordia University Mech 221 lecture 10/4
Engineering Strain Tensile Test
bonds
stretch
return to
initial
F F F
t s
Ao Ao
original area Elastic means reversible!
before loading
Stress has units: N/m2 or lb/in2
Dr. M. Medraj Mech. Eng. Dept. - Concordia University Mech 221 lecture 10/7 Dr. M. Medraj Mech. Eng. Dept. - Concordia University Mech 221 lecture 10/8
Stress-Strain Behaviour - Elastic Response Stress-Strain Behaviour - Elastic Response
Initially, stress and strain are directly proportional to each other
In the elastic region a material returns
• Rationale: atoms can be thought of as masses connected to each other
through a network of springs. to its original dimensions when load
is released, and we can write
According to Hooke’s law, the extension of a
spring, x, and the applied force, F, are related or
by the spring contant, k:
Example:
F = - kx
A steel wire with a cross sectional area of
The constant of proportionality, Young’s 0.55 mm2 and length of 10 m is extended elastically 1.68 mm by a force
modulus or modulus of elasticity, is a measure of 17.24 N. What is the modulus of elasticity for this steel specimen?
of the material’s stiffness.
Dr. M. Medraj Mech. Eng. Dept. - Concordia University Mech 221 lecture 10/13 Dr. M. Medraj Mech. Eng. Dept. - Concordia University Mech 221 lecture 10/14