TYPES OF

EXPERIMENTAL
AND NON-
EXPERIMENTAL
DESIGNS
Presented By
Ronna Tan, Lorie Jean
Quisel Antiquina, Eller
Alesoso, Saromines, shiva
Mae
 EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
DESIGN
The types of research that uses a scientific approach
towards manipulating one or more control variables of
the research subject and measuring the effect of this
manipulation of control variables.

02
3 MAIN TYPES OF

EXPERIMENTAL

RESEARCH

03
 1. PRE-EXPERIMENTAL
RESEARCH
The simplest form of research, and is carried out by observing a
group or groups of dependent variables after the treatment of an
independent variable which is presumed to cause change on the
group. It is further divided into three types.

One-shot case study research

One group pretest-posttest research
Static-group comparison

04
2. QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL
RESEACH
The Quasi type of experimental research is similar to true
experimental research, but uses carefully selected rather than
randomized subjects. the following are examples of quasi-
experimental research:

Time series
No equivalent control group design
Counterbalanced design

05
3. TRUE EXPERIMENTAL
RESEARCH
The most accurate type and may simply be called experimental research. It
manipulates a control group towards a group of randomly selected subjects and
records the effect of this manipulation. True experimental research can be
further classified into the following groups:
The posttest-only control group
The pretest-posttest control group
Solomon four-group Pros of True Experimental Research
Research can be combined with other research methods
The research process is usually well structured
It provides specific conclusions
The result of experimental research can be easily duplicated

06
 1 It high prone to human

Exerting control over extraneous

CONS OF 2 variables may lead to the personal bias

TRUE
of the researcher

EXPERIMEN
3 It is time-consuming

TAL 4 It is expensive

RESEARCH 5
Manipulating control variables may have
ethical implications

6 It produces artificial results

NON-EXPERIMENTAL
RESEARCH DESIGN
describes a phenomenon or a situation
relationships and defferences between variables are studied
does not introduce intervention it is purely descriptive in nature
does not involve the manipulation of control or independent variables.
it measures variables as they naturally occur without any further
manipulation.

07
TYPES OF NON-
EXPERIMENTAL
DESIGNS
1. Cross-sectional research
2. Correlational research
3. Observational research

Back to Agenda 05
 CROSS- SECTIONAL
RESEARCH

involves the comparison of the two or more pre-existing groups of people

under the same criteria.
Use groups that already exist (like comparing men vs. women or different
ethnicities or age groups)
this approach is classified as non-experimental because the groups are
not selected and the independent variables is not manipulated.

08
CORRELATIONAL RESEARCH

use when interested in relationship between continuous (aka

numerical variables
types of research compares statistical relationship between
two variables
it is classified as non-experimental because it does not
manipulate the independent variables

11
OBSERVATIONAL RESEARCH

make observations of behavior without manipulating

anything
focuses on observing the behavior of research subject in
a natural or laboratory setting. It is classified as non-
experimental because it does not involve the
manipulation of independent variables.

12
PROS AND CONS OF
OBSERVATIONAL
RESEARCH
PROS CONS

The research process is very close to
real-life situation
t does not allow for the
manipulation of variables due to
ethical reason
human characteristic are not subject
to experimental manipilation
the groups may be dissimilar and
non homogeneous because they are
not randomly selected, affecting the
authenticity and generalizability of
the study results
the result obtained cannot be
absolutely clear and error free,

13
14