PR2/ RESEARCH DESIGN/ GROUP 2

QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH DESIGN
GROUP 2
September 18, 2023
CONTENTS 1 Non-Experimental Research
Survey Research
 Cross-Sectional Study
 Longitudinal Study

Correlational Research
Comparative Research

2 Experimental Research
True Experimental Design
Quasi-experimental Design
01
Non-experimental
Research
 Non-experimental Research
Definition

01 02 03
Describes a
Relationships and Does not involve
differences manipulation of
phenomenon or
between variables an independent
a situation are studied
variable

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 Non-experimental Research
Definition

We can’t reasonably
manipulate an 01 We are just exploring
independent variable

Used
02 when:
04
We are not interested We are only
in causation 03 interested in one
variable
Types of Non-
Experimental
Research
 Non-experimental Research
Types of Non-experimental Research

Survey Research

Survey is a research design used to provide a

quantitative or numeric description of trends,
attitudes or options of a population by
studying a sample of that population
(Creswell, 2003)
 Non-experimental Research
Types of Survey Research

Cross-Sectional Examples

• Gathering data from a • A survey of college students to

population or sample at a learn about their current

academic goals and challenges.
single point in time
• A survey of adults to learn about
their attitudes towards a
• Used to make comparisons
particular political candidate.
across different types of
• A survey of patients to learn
respondents or about their satisfaction with the
participants healthcare they received.
 Non-experimental Research
Types of Survey Research

Longitudinal Examples

• Tracking changes by
• A study of children who were
collecting data from the same
born prematurely to track
group of individuals or
their development over time
participants over an extended
period. • A study of adults who smoke

• Starting with the present and to investigate the long-term

going into the future for effects of smoking on health

comparisons across time

 Non-experimental Research
Types of Non-experimental Research

Correlational Research

Research that measures the two variables of interest

with little or no attempt to control extraneous variables
and then assesses the relationship between them
 Non-experimental Research
Types of Non-experimental Research

01 02 03
A study that finds a A study that finds a A study that finds a
positive correlation negative correlation positive correlation
between academic between screen time between social
achievement and and obesity. support and mental
parental education. health.
 Non-experimental Research
Types of Non-experimental Research

COMPARATIVE RESEARCH
Compares two or more groups on one or more
variables. It is used to identify differences between
groups, and to investigate the possible causes of
those differences
 Non-experimental Research
Types of Non-experimental Research

A study that compares the

crime rates of different
neighborhoods.

01 02 03

A study that compares the A study that compares the

academic achievement of health outcomes of people
students from different who live in different
socioeconomic backgrounds. countries.
02
Experimental
Research
 Experimental Research
Definition

01 02 03
Involves Analyzes the results
manipulation or Deals with cause derived from
control of variables and effect control and
to achieve desired relationships experimental
conditions groups

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 Experimental Research
Definition

CONTROL GROUP EXPERIMENTAL GROUP

constant that is
a group that
used to measure
researchers
the differences of
administer
the experimental
treatments
group
Types of
Experimental
Research
 Experimental Research
Types of Experimental Research

 The researcher has control over the

TRUE variables, treatment/intervention and the
EXPERIMENTAL subjects
 There is experimental and control group
DESIGN
 Subjects are randomly assigned to groups
 Experimental Research
Types of True Experimental Research

Subjects are assigned to groups

Posttest
Experimental group receives the treatment
Only
Control
Control group does not receive the treatment
Group
Posttest is given to both groups
 Experimental Research
Types of True Experimental Research

EXAMPLE
Peer Tutoring: Its Effects on Reading Fluency of Senior High
School Students

GROUP A (EXPERIMENTAL) GROUP B (CONTROL)

Has NO Pretest Has NO Pretest

Has Intervention: Peer Tutoring Has NO Intervention

Has a Posttest on Reading Fluency Has a Posttest on Reading Fluency

 Experimental Research
Types of True Experimental Research

Subjects are assigned to groups

Pretest is given to both groups

Pretest-
Posttest Experimental group receives the treatment
Control
Group Control group does not receive the treatment

Posttest is given to both groups

 Experimental Research
Types of True Experimental Research

EXAMPLE
Peer Tutoring: Its Effects on Reading Fluency of Senior High
School Students

GROUP A (EXPERIMENTAL) GROUP B (CONTROL)

Has a Pretest on Reading Fluency Has a Pretest on Reading Fluency

Has Intervention: Peer Tutoring Has NO Intervention

Has a Posttest on Reading Fluency Has a Posttest on Reading Fluency

 Experimental Research
Types of True Experimental Research

Subjects are assigned to one or four groups

Pretest is given to two groups

Solomon
Four-Group
The other two groups receive/do not receive
Design the treatment

Posttest is given to all four groups

 Experimental Research
Types of True Experimental Research

EXAMPLE
Peer Tutoring: Its Effects on Reading Fluency of Senior High
School Students

GROUP A (EXPERIMENTAL) GROUP B (CONTROL)

Has a Pretest on Reading Fluency Has a Pretest on Reading Fluency

Has Intervention: Peer Tutoring Has NO Intervention

Has a Posttest on Reading Fluency Has a Posttest on Reading Fluency

 Experimental Research
Types of True Experimental Research

EXAMPLE
Peer Tutoring: Its Effects on Reading Fluency of Senior High
School Students

GROUP C (EXPERIMENTAL) GROUP D (CONTROL)

Has NO Pretest Has NO Pretest

Has Intervention: Peer Tutoring Has NO Intervention

Has a Posttest on Reading Fluency Has a Posttest on Reading Fluency

 Experimental Research
Types of Experimental Research

 Aims to determine causal relationships

among variables
QUASI-  It has no randomization, involves pretest
EXPERIMENTAL and posttest and control group is optional
DESIGN compare to true experimental design
 Conducted to evaluate the effectiveness
of a treatment/intervention
 Experimental Research
Types of True Experimental Research

This type of design compares

Non- two or more groups that are
Equivalent not equivalent in all other
Control aspects except for the
Group exposure to the independent
variable.
 Experimental Research
Types of True Experimental Research

This type of design measures

Pretest- the dependent variable
Posttest before and after the
exposure to the independent
Design
variable, but there is no
control group.
 Experimental Research
Types of True Experimental Research

This type of design measures

the dependent variable
Interrupted
repeatedly over time, both
Time Series before and after the
Design exposure to the independent
variable.
PR2/ RESEARCH DESIGN/ GROUP 2

QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH DESIGN
GROUP 2
September 18, 2023