Hes D6501-03 General Test Methods For Coating

Date of Issue 2003/08/26
Product HES Office

HES
HES
D 6501-03
C REV2
GENERAL TEST METHODS FOR COATING
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. SCOPE
2. GENERAL CONDITIONS OF TESTS

2.1 Test Environment
2.2 Materials, Equipment, and Reagents for Tests
2.3 Preparation of Test Pieces and Test Panels
2.4 Pretreatment of Test Panels
2.5 Timing of Tests
2.6 Conditioning of Test Panels
3. TEST OF COATING FILM PROPERTIES

3.1 Appearance of Coating Film
3.2 Coating Film Thickness
3.3 Gloss
3.4 Color
3.5 Pencil Scratch Hardness Test
3.6 Adhesion Test
3.7 Recoat Performance Test
3.8 Impact Resistance Test
3.9 Low Temperature Impact Test
3.10 Bending Resistance Test
3.11 Low Temperature Bending Test
3.12 Print Resistance Test
3.13 Sanding Performance Test
3.14 Polishing Performance Test
3.15 Salt Spray Test
3.16 Filiform Corrosion Test
3.17 Paste Resistance Test
3.18 Water Resistance Test (Water Immersion Resistance Test)
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3.19 Humidity Resistance Test
3.20 Heat Resistance Test
3.21 Volatile Solution Resistance Test
3.22 Xylene Resistance Test
3.23 Oil Resistance Test
3.24 Alkali Resistance Test
3.25 Acid Resistance Test
3.26 Synthetic Sweat Resistance Test
3.27 Detergent Resistance Test
3.28 Spot Resistance Test
3.29 Thermal-Cycle Test
3.30 Weather Resistance Test
3.31 Color Retention Test
3.32 Wear Resistance Test
3.33 Chipping Resistance Test
3.34 Light Permeability
3.35 Water Abrasion Resistance Test
3.36 Solvent Resistance Test
3.37 Boiling Water Resistance Test
1. SCOPE
This standard specifies the general test methods (*1) for coating film performance.
Note (*1): The test methods shall not apply to automobile bodies.
Remarks: The units and numerical values in this standard are specified values in accordance with the
International System of Units (SI), and those in { } are specified values based on customary units.
2. GENERAL CONDITIONS OF TESTS

2.1 Test Environment
All tests shall be conducted at 23 + 5 oC, between 40 to 80 % relative humidity, away from direct sunlight,
in the absence of any substances that may negatively affect the test, such as gas, vapor or dust, and in a
draught free area.
2.2 Materials, Equipment, and Reagents for Tests
Test materials, equipment, and reagents not specified in this standard shall conform to JIS K 5600-1-1
[Testing methods for paints - Part 1: General rule - Section 1: General test methods (conditions and
methods)].
2.3 Preparation of Test Pieces and Test Panels
Test panels shall be prepared as materials and sizes specified in Sections 2.3.1 to 2.3.7 listed below. The
methods of pretreatment, painting, and drying shall be agreed among the parties concerned. The materials
and sizes of test panels shall conform to those of each test.
2.3.1 Mild steel panel
The material of test panels shall be SPCC (*2) in a standard size conforming to Table 1 and Fig. 1, and all
edges of the panel and the ends and edges of holes for hanging etc. shall be filed smooth. In addition,
when the test is conducted in a test room, the panel shall be degreased using isopropyl alcohol (*3) and
checked its cleanliness according to Section 2.3.8. When the test is conducted on mass-production line, it
shall be conducted under the specified line conditions, and the details shall be agreed upon among the
parties concerned.

Notes:
(*2) SPCC shall conform to JIS G 3141 (Cold-reduced carbon steel sheets and strip).
(*3) Isopropyl alcohol shall conform to JIS K 8839 (2-Propanol).
Table 1
Unit: mm
Type Dimension Application
Type 1 150 x 70 x 0.8 General test
Type 2 300 x 100 x 0.8 Outdoor exposure test
Type 3 150 x 45 x 0.8 Bending resistance
test
Type 4 105 x 105 x 0.8 or 105 x Wear resistance test
0.8
Type 5 300 x 200 x 0.8 Color inspection
Type 6 200 x 70 x 0.8 Color standard panel
Unit: mm
Type 1 Type 2 Type 3 Type 6
150
300
150
200
70 100 45
70
Type 5 Type 4
105
105
7 7
300
105 105
200
Fig. 1

Remarks:
1. Test pieces with dimensions other than those above shall be specified separately.
2. The panel thickness for tests except for chipping, bending and impact are for reference only.
3. Size and location of a mounting hole are optional when the test result is not affected by the hole.
2.3.2 Aluminum, zinc, and magnesium
As a rule, cut out test panels from the intended parts with dimensions as stated in Section 2.3.1. If panels
of this size cannot be obtained, cut out panels with dimensions as close to these specifications as possible,
from a flat portion.
2.3.3 Stainless steel panels
As a rule, stainless steel panels shall be the same material as the parts. The size, hole location, etc. of the
test panels shall conform to Section 2.3.1.
2.3.4 Plated panels
As a rule, plated test panels shall conform to Section 3.3 [Test Samples (Parts or test pieces to be used for
tests)] of HES D 6001 (GENERAL TEST METHODS FOR PLATING). The size of the test panels shall
conform to Section 2.3.1. If panels of this size can not be obtained, they may be cut from a flat portion.
2.3.5 Resin panels
As a rule, resin panels shall be prepared from the resin of the same grade as that used for the intended part.
When cutting out a panel from the part, cut out with the size shown in Table 2 (Standard dimensions of
test panels). If panels of this size can not be obtained, cut out from a flat portion. When the test is
conducted on mass-production line, it shall be conducted under the specified line conditions, and the
details shall be agreed upon among the parties concerned.
Table 2
Unit: mm
Type Dimension Application
Type 1 150 x 90 (70) x 3.0 General test
Type 2 300 x 100 x 3.0 Outdoor exposure test
Type 3 150 x 45 (15, 35) x 2.0 Bending resistance test
Type 4 48 x 3.0, 48 x 2.0 Impact resistance test
Type 5 105 x 105 x 3.0 or 105 x 3.0 Wear resistance test
Unit : mm

150 Type 1 Type 2 Type 3
150
300
90 (70) 100 45 (15, 35)
Type 5
Type 4
48
105
7 7
105 29
Fig. 2
Remarks:
1. Type 2 may be prepared by extrusion molding.
2. Types 3 and 4 test panels may be cut out with the specified sizes from type 1 panel which is already
coated.
3. When the test panels cut out from parts have different panel thickness from those specified above, the
thickness shall be indicated.
4. Test panels with sizes other than the above shall be specified separately. (When materials other than
those of the parts are used as test panels, it shall be noted.)
5. Size and location of a mounting hole are optional when the test result is not affected by the hole.
2.3.6 When completed parts are used as test pieces
When completed parts are used as test pieces or test pieces are cut out from completed parts, dust and oil
(*4) on the coating surfaces shall be completely removed. Cut out test pieces from the flattest surface to
make the size as close as possible to the standard size specified in Sections 2.3.1 to 2.3.5.
Note (*4): Oil shall be removed with isopropyl alcohol.
2.3.7 Materials other than those in Sections 2.31 to 2.3.5
Use of materials other than those specified in Sections 2.3.1 to 2.3.5 (surface treated steel panel, cast iron,
rubber, etc.) shall be agreed upon among the parties concerned.
2.3.8 Check of cleanliness of mild steel panel
Wash, dry and then hang up the mild steel panel. Spray water all over the surface and allow the excess to
drain off. If the whole surface is wet and covered with a continuous, thin film of water, the surface shall be
judged clean. After the check, dip the panel into two beakers filled with ethyl alcohol (*5) from one to
another, hang and dry quickly in a dryer, and then put the panel into a desiccator (*6). If the panel can't be

put into a desiccator, clean it by flushing with alcohol and then dry it by keeping it standing to protect
from dust. The use of materials other than mild steel panel shall be agreed upon among the parties
concerned.
Notes:
(*5) Ethyl alcohol shall conform to JIS K 8101 Ethanol (99.5).
(*6) Use a desiccator containing silica gel for drying.
2.4 Pretreatment of Test Panels
2.4.1 When pretreatment is conducted in the mass production process
Conduct the same pretreatment as that of the mass production line. The details of the treatment conditions
shall be agreed upon among the parties concerned.
2.4.2 When pretreatment is conducted in a laboratory
As a rule, it is recommended that the same materials are to be used and pre-treated under the same
conditions as the line.
2.5 Timing of Tests
As a rule, timing of the coating surface check and coating film performance test shall be conducted after
the aging time specified for each type as specified in Table 3. Items to be checked on the line (*7),
however, may be checked immediately.
Table 3
Paint Type Timing of test
Baking type At least 24 hours after specified baking drying.
Solvent evaporation dry type At least 48 hours after coating.
Room temperature reaction type and At least 72 hours after coating and forced drying.
forced reaction type
Note (*7): Dry state of coating, condition of finish (gloss, irregular paint, etc.), etc.
2.6 Conditioning of Test Panels
Stains and contamination, such as oil and finger prints, on the coated surface of the test panels, shall be
removed completely prior to testing. However, take care not to damage the coated surface by strong
rubbing or solvent, etc.
3. TEST OF COATING FILM PROPERTIES

3.1 Appearance of Coating Film
Only panels prepared according to Section 2.3 shall be used as test pieces. Compare the coating of the test
piece with naked eyes against the master sample or approved panel in diffused daylight (*8). Check for
color difference, degree of irregular color, gloss variations, irregular gloss, irregular thickness, flatness,
brush marks, orange peel, wrinkles, graining, dents, holes, flow marks, pock marks, bubbles, blisters,
cracks, irregular aluminum, aluminum rise and whitening.
Note (*8): Diffused daylight is defined as the light entering through a window facing north between
three hours after sunrise and three hours before sunset avoiding direct radiation. However, standard light
D65 or C specified in Section 3.4.3 may be used instead of diffused light. In addition, direct sunlight may
be used with the agreement made among the parties concerned.
3.2 Coating Film Thickness
3.2.1 Coating film thickness measurement by external micrometer
Determine three measuring points 50 mm apart from one another on each test panel and mark the points

on the back of the panel. Measure the thickness at the measuring points with an external micrometer (*9).
Measure the thickness at the same points after the coating is applied, and then calculate the thickness of
the coating film. The coating film thickness of the test panel shall be the average of the three measuring
points.
Note (*9): External micrometer shall conform to JIS B 7502 (Micrometer callipers).
3.2.2 Thickness measurement with an electromagnetic thickness meter
Use an electromagnetic thickness meter (*10) calibrated against a standard panel with thickness already
known and take measurements at three or more points at least 50 mm apart from one another near the
center of the test panel, to calculate the average coating film thickness.
Note (*10): Eddy-current thickness tester shall be used for non-metallic materials.
3.2.3 Measurement of coating film thickness by cutting
Cut a coated test piece, work the cut section flat, and measure the coating thickness with a microscope.
Take measurements at three or more points. The average is the coating film thickness of the panel.
3.3 Gloss
Test panels prepared in accordance with Section 2.3 shall be used as test pieces. On a specular gloss
measuring instrument (*11), radiate luminous flux with a specified open angle and a specified incidence
angle to the test piece surface, and measure the luminous flux reflected with a light receiver in a specified
open angle toward the specular reflection direction (*12). The aperture of the light source, S1, shall be
located at the position of the focal point of lens L1, so that an image of S1 is clearly seen at the center of
aperture S2 of the light receiver when a mirror is placed at the position of the test piece T. The angle of
incidence is the angle between the line connecting the centers of aperture, S1 and of lens L1 (the
principal point of the lens) and the line normal to the test piece T. The receiving angle ' is the angle
between the line connecting the centers of aperture S2 and of lens L2 (the principal point of the lens) and
the line normal to the test piece T. The open angle 1 shall be the angle between the two lines
spreading from the center of lens L1 to the edges of the aperture, S1, and 2 shall be the angle between
the two lines spreading from the center of lens L2, to the edges of the aperture S2. The optical axes of
the incident side and the receiving side shall meet on the test piece surface. The aperture S1 may be
replaced with a light source filament at the same position. When the coating surface to be tested has
isotropy such as brush marks, take two measurements at the same point from two directions perpendicular
to each other. The average of the two results shall be taken as the gloss of the point. Measurements shall
be taken at five different points and the average of the results shall be reported as specular gloss. If the
measured value is fifteen or larger, the value of specular gloss shall be rounded to the nearest 1, and if the
value is less than fifteen, it shall be rounded to the nearest 0.1. (*13)
Note (*11): The conceptual diagram of the specular gloss measuring instrument shall conform to Fig. 3.

Light source Light receiver
'
1 2
S1 S2
2
1
L1 L2
1 2
Ｔ
O
Fig. 3
Note (*12): As a rule, the methods for measuring specular gloss shall conform to Table 4.
Table 4
Method Application
Specular gloss at 20o Surface having gloss exceeding 70 at 60o. Result
of 60o measurement shall be reported for reference.
Specular gloss at 60o Surface having gloss of 70 or less.
Note (*13): Conform to JIS Z 8401 (Guide of the rounding of numbers).

3.3.1 Measuring Conditions
The light source for measuring glossiness shall have no polarization, and the light source and receiver
shall, as a rule, be equivalent to the combination of standard light C (*14) and spectral luminous efficiency
(*15). The indicated value on the instrument for measuring reflecting luminous flux shall be proportional
to the luminous flux coming into the light receiver within 1% of maximum scale value. The width of test
piece illuminated by the light source vertical to the incidence surface shall be, as a rule, at least 10 mm.
Conditions for the measuring instrument shall conform to Table 5.
Table 5
o o
Condition Method 60 Specular Gloss 20 Specular Gloss
o o
Symbol for specular gloss Gs (60 ） Gs (20 ）
o o
Incidence angle ( ) 60 + 0.2 20 + 0.5
o o
Receiving angle + 0.1 + 0.1
o
Inside incident surface ( 1) 0.75 + 0.25
Opening angle
of light source o
Inside vertical surface ( 1) 2.5 + 0.5
o o
Inside incident surface ( 2) 4.4 + 0.1 1.80 + 0.05
Opening angle
of light receiver o o
Inside vertical surface ( 2) 11.7 + 0.2 3.60 + 0.1

Notes:
(*14) The standard light C shall conform to Section 3.4.3.
(*15) The spectral luminous efficiency shall conform to JIS Z 8701 (Color specification-The CIE 1931
standard colorimetric system and the CIE1964 supplementary standard colorimetric system).
3.3.2 Reference for specular gloss
The reference for specular gloss shall be the following reference, primary standard, or practical standard
surfaces.
a) Reference surface
The specular gloss of glass with a refractive index of 1.567 at the specified incidence angle shall be used
as a reference, and be defined as 100 (%).
b) Primary standard surface for specular gloss
The primary standard surface for specular gloss shall be a flat and smooth surface of clear or black glass
of a known refractive index.
c) Practical standard surface for specular gloss
The practical standard surface for specular gloss shall be a glossy white tile surface or equivalent surface
to test sample suitable for each test. The practical standard surface shall be calibrated against primary
standard surface.
3.4 Color
3.4.1 Indications of color
Colors shall be indicated using one of the following four systems: tristimulus values (*16), three
attributes (*17), L*a*b* color system (*18), and Lab color system (*19).
Notes:
(*16) Indications using tristimulus values shall follow the XYZ color system and the details shall
conform to JIS Z 8701.
(*17) Indications using three attributes (Color indication with Munsell symbol) shall conform to JIS Z
8721 (Colour specification--Specification according to their three attributes).
(*18) Indications using L*a*b* color system shall conform to JIS Z 8729 (Colour specification--CIE
LAB and CIE LUV colour spaces).
(*19) Indications using Lab color system shall conform to JIS Z 8730 (Colour specification--Colur
differences of object colours).
3.4.2 Color measuring method
Color measuring methods shall be spectrophotometric colorimetry (*20) and photoelectric tristimulus
colorimetry (*20).
Note (*20): Unless otherwise specified, the method shall conform to JIS Z 8722 (Methods of colour
measurement--Reflecting and transmitting objects).
Remarks: Standard light for measurement shall conform to Section 3.4.3.
a) Spectrophotometric colorimetry
1) Measuring method for reflective objects
A test panel prepared according to Section 2.3 shall be used as a test piece.
Measure color of this test piece with either one of the geometrical conditions a to d of light and light
receiver specified in JIS Z 8722.
2) Measuring method for transmitting objects
Measure color of this test piece.
b) Photoelectric tristimulus colorimetry

Measure color of this test piece. (*21)
Note (*21): Geometrical conditions of light and light receiver shall be the same as Section 3.4.2 a).
c) Report of test results
Measured values shall be reported according to JIS Z 8722.
3.4.3 Color difference
Color difference is indicated with following three types: visual inspection, L*a*b color system, and
Hunter color system. The L*a*b color system shall be used if there is no problem.
a) Color difference by visual inspection
Place a test surface and a standard surface adjacent to each other with the same flat background (*22).
Using the standard light (*23), standard light which has passed through a color conversion filter, or natural
light (*24) other than direct sunlight (with an illuminance of 500 lx min.) (*25), observe the test surface
covered with a mask (*26) from a vertical direction. Divide the observation field into columns vertically.
With regard to the borderlines, a width no larger than a visual angle of 1 arc-minute is recommended.
Notes:
(*22) The background shall be the surface behind the test surface and the standard surface, which act as
an ambient visual field.
(*23) Standard light shall be either A, C, or D65 type light with a spectral distribution as specified by
CIE. Unless otherwise specified, standard light D65 or C shall be used. Details shall conform to JIS Z
8720 (Standard illuminants and sources for colorimetry).
(*24) Natural light shall be the sunlight radiated between three hours after sunrise and three hours before
sunset. If agreement can be made among the parties concerned, direct sunlight may be used as natural
light.
(*25) The illuminance necessary on the surface for color comparison shall be at least 500 lx, but a
uniform illuminance of 1000 lx or over is recommended.
(*26) A mask to cover the sample surface and the standard surface shall be achromatic without gloss to
fix the ambient visual field, and shall have a rectangular, square, or circular aperture with an angle of view
of at least 2 degrees. A mask with a slightly lower lightness than the sample surface is recommended.
b) Color difference using L*a*b* color system
Measure the tristimulus values of the standard panel and the sample according to Section 3.4.2. Calculate
the color difference ( E*ab) (*27) from these values.
Note (*27): The color difference ( E*ab) shall be calculated according to Section 7 (Calculation
method for color difference) of JIS Z 8730 and the result shall be rounded to the first decimal place.
c) Color difference using Hunter Color System
Measure the tristimulus values of the standard panel and the sample according to Section 3.4.2. Calculate
the color difference ( EH) (*28) from these values.
Note (*28): The color difference ( EH) shall be calculated according to Appendix 2 of JIS Z 8730 and
the result shall be rounded to the first decimal place.
3.5 Pencil Scratch Hardness Test
Use a test panel prepared according to Section 2.3 or a part as a test piece. Use a pencil inspected and sold
by the Japan Paint Inspection Association or a Mitsubishi Drawing Pencil UNI (*29). Expose
approximately 3 mm of lead without reducing the original lead diameter and sharpen to have a flat tip with
a sharp edge using abrasive paper (*30) numbered greater than 400. As shown in Fig. 4, hold the pencil at
45 degrees to the surface of the paint film and push the pencil forward at a rate of approximately 3 mm/sec.
with maximum force but without breaking lead. Repeat this operation at five different points, drawing
lines approximately 10 mm long. Clean the black lead with an eraser or a piece of soft cloth to inspect the
coating. When four or five out of the five lines show no tears or flaws (*31), the coating shall be regarded

as scratch resistant to the pencil hardness tested. The edge of the pencil which has been used and has
become worn due to testing shall not be reused for more tests. The pencil hardness are as follows, with the
hardest being 9H and the softest 6B.
Hardness symbols: 9H, 8H, 7H, 6H, 5H, 4H, 3H, 2H, H, F, HB, B, 2B, 3B, 4B, 5B, 6B.
m
m
3
Lead diameter
Approx. 45o
10 mm
Fig. 4
Notes:
(*29) Pencils other than specified may be used by the agreement among the parties concerned.
(*30) The abrasive paper shall conform to JIS R 6252 (Abrasive papers).
(*31) Flaws are slightly cut into coating surface. Concave of coating by pressure shall be excluded.
Remove powder of carbon with eraser without scratching tested area of coating, and visually inspect the
test piece at 45 degree to it and vertical to the drawn direction. Inspected flaws by visual inspection are
pickings.
3.6 Adhesion Test
Use a test panel prepared according to Section 2.3 or a part as a test piece. Hold a retractable knife (*32) at
an angle of approximately 30 to 45 degrees against the effective coating surface as shown in Fig. 5, and
draw 11 equally spaced (*33) parallel lines penetrating down to the base material. Draw another set of 11
equally spaced parallel lines at right angles to the previous lines to make one hundred squares. Perform a
peel test (*34) on this area and count the number of squares with peeling greater than 50% by area
respectively. Use the formula 100 - x / 100, where the number of squares peeled is x.
Unit: mm
Approx. 9.1
Approx. 80 0.38
+1o 7
58o 0o 7
22o + 2o
Grooves for braking off
Fig. 5

Notes:
(*32) The knife shall be made of SK2 as specified in JIS G 4401 (Carbon tool steels) with the hardness
of HV820 30. The knife tip shall always be new.
(*33) The distance between the parallel lines shall be 1 mm for a single coating. For double or multiple
coatings, or for single coatings with a thickness exceeding 35 m, draw lines 2 mm apart.
(*34) When performing the peel test, pay attention not to include air bubbles between the adhesive
cellophane tape (*35) and the surface of the coated test piece. (Apply the adhesive cellophane tape using
only finger pressure. Do not push with finger nails.) As shown in Fig. 6, hold one end of the tape at
approximately 45 degrees to the test piece and peel the tape off rapidly in this direction.
Adhesive cellophane tape

Test piece
Fig. 6
Note (*35): The adhesive cellophane tape shall be 12 mm or 24 mm wide specified in JIS Z 1522
(Pressure sensitive adhesive cellophane tapes). Nichiban adhesive cellophane tape is recommended to
avoid dispersion of the adhesion.
3.7 Recoat Performance Test
Sand half of the test piece prepared according to Section 2.3 with abrasive papers (*36) of numbers 600,
800 or 1200. Then clean the surface and apply the same paint by the same method as used for the test
piece. Check the surface for wrinkle, craters, cracks, bleed, and pinholes. Test the adhesion condition
(*37) between the two coatings to check for peeling between the paint layers and between the paint layer
and the base.
Notes:
(*36) The abrasive papers shall conform to JIS R 6252. The abrasive paper number to be used shall
conform to the agreement among the parties concerned.
(*37) Adhesion test shall conform to Section 3.6 and other items shall conform to the agreement among
the parties concerned..
3.8 Impact Resistance Test
3.8.1 Du Pont impact test
Use test panels prepared according to Section 2.3 as test pieces. Place the test pieces on the base of the Du
Pont impact tester (*38) with the coated surface upwards. Put an impactor with a hemispherical tip of
radius 6.35 0.03 mm on the coated surface, and drop a weight of specified mass from a specified height.
Drop the weight once on each of the three test pieces. When two or more test pieces do not show any
cracks or peeling of coating film at the dent or surrounding area, the coating surface shall be regarded as
resistant to the impact.
Note (*38): The Du Pont impact tester shall conform to Section 6 of JIS K 5600-5-5:99 (Testing
methods for paints--Part 5: Mechanical property of film--Section 3: Falling-weight test).

3.8.2 Modified Du Pont impact test (Resin test panels)
Use test panels prepared according to Type 4 in Section 2.3.5 as test pieces. Cut the test pieces into circles
with a diameter of 48 1 mm. Place the test pieces with the coated surface upwards on the base of the
Du Pont impact tester (*39). Put an impactor with a hemispherical tip of radius 6.35 0.03 mm on the
coated surface, and drop a weight of specified mass from a specified height. (*40) Drop the weight once
on each of the five test pieces. When three or more test pieces do not show any cracks or peeling of
coating film at the dent or surrounding area, the coating surface shall be regarded as resistant to the impact.
Impact test may be performed to the other side of the coating surface as necessary, and the impact energy J
{kgf m} (Load-Height) shall be indicated when the strength of the base material after coating is required.
In this case, the thickness of the material shall be clearly specified.
Notes:
(*39) The modified Du Pont impact tester shall conform to Section 3.2 (Modified Du Pont Impact
Strength Test) of HES D 2500 (GENERAL TEST METHODS OF RESIN MATERIALS FOR
VEHICLES).
(*40) Check the flatness of the test piece and be sure of placing the test piece at the center of the
sample-holding base before starting the test.
3.9 Low Temperature Impact Test
3.9.1 Du Pont impact test
Use a test panel prepared according to Section 2.3 as a test piece. Place the test piece and Du Pont impact
tester in a constant temperature chamber adjusted at a specified temperature (*41) for at least three hours
and then conduct the test according to the method (*42) in Section 3.8.1. Drop a weight having a specified
mass from a specified height once on each of three test pieces. When two or more test pieces do not show
any cracks or peeling of coating film at the dent or surrounding area, the coating surface shall be regarded
as resistant to the impact.
Notes:
(*41) Unless otherwise specified, the temperatures shall be set as follows: for automobiles: -20 oC, for
motorcycles and power equipment: -15 oC, and for ATV: -30 oC.
(*42) Check the flatness of the test piece and be sure to hold it by hand when dropping the weight.
However, be careful not to transfer heat from hand by holding the test piece too long.
3.9.2 Modified Du Pont impact test (Resin test pieces)
Use a test panel prepared according to Type 4 in Section 2.3.5 as a test piece. Cut the test piece into a
circle with a diameter of 48 1 mm. The test piece and a modified Du Pont impact tester shall be placed
in a cryostat adjusted at a specified temperature (*41) for at least three hours and then conduct the test
according to the method (*42) in Section 3.8.2.
3.10 Bending Resistance Test
3.10.1 Metal panel
Use a test panel prepared according to Section 2.3 as a test piece. With the coated surface facing outwards,
bend the test piece 180 degrees within approximately one second along a core or a cylinder with a
specified curvature. When two or more test pieces out of three do not show any coating cracks or peeling
in the bent areas, excluding approximately 5 mm from both ends, the coating shall be regarded as resistant
to this condition.

3.10.2 Resin test panel
Use a test panel prepared according to Section 2.3 as a test piece. With the coated surface facing outwards,
bend the test piece along a bending jig (*43) to a critical angle. When no coating cracks or peeling is
observed, the coating shall be regarded as resistant to this condition.
Note (*43): The bending jig shall have a shape as shown in Fig. 7 and made of material which is
difficult to corrode or deform. The relationship between the radius of the jig and the critical bending strain
is shown in Table 6.
R
Fig. 7
Table 6
Radius of Jig (cm)
Critical Bending Strain
Thickness: 2 mm constant Thickness: 3 mm constant
-3
35×10 29 41
-3
30×10 33 49
-3
25×10 40 59
-3
20×10 50 74
-3
15×10 67 99
-3
10×10 100 149
-3
5×10 200 299
t : critical bending strain
( 2R
) R: radius of jig (mm)
t : thickness (mm)
3.11 Low Temperature Bending Test

Leave the test panels prepared according to Section 3.10 and a tester or jig in a constant temperature
chamber maintained at a specified temperature (*44) for more than two hours. Then conduct the test
immediately after removing it according to Section 3.10 to check for coating cracks and peelings.
Note (*44): Unless otherwise specified, the temperatures shall be set as follows: For automobiles: -20
oC, motorcycles and power equipment: -15 oC, ATV: -30 oC.

3.12 Print Resistant Test
Prepare a sample panel and a test panel according to Section 2.3 and use the test panel as a test piece.
Place the test piece horizontally in a constant temperature chamber maintained at a specified temperature
with the coated surface facing upward. Place five layers of 50-mm square gauze (pharmacopoeia) in the
center of the coated surface and then place on the center of the gauze a cylindrical weight (*45) of 40 mm
in diameter and 500 g in mass with a flat bottom. After leaving them for a specified period, remove the
test panel and remove the layers of gauze from the coated surface to check the degree of adhesion between
the coated surface and the gauze as well as the fabric print on the coated surface. Use the sample panel for
comparison.
Note (*45): The gauze and the weight shall be kept in a constant temperature chamber maintained at the
test temperature for at least two hours prior to the test.
3.13 Sanding Performance Test
Use a test panel prepared according to Section 2.3 or a part as a test piece.
3.13.1 Wet sanding performance
Apply waterproof abrasive paper (*46) numbers 1200 to 1500 to rubber pads or hold four or five papers in
layers, and rub the coated surface of the test piece under running water. Judge the condition according to
Table 7.
Table 7
Symbol Condition
A No sanding defect observed.
B Coating film moves to abrasive paper
C Abrasive paper is filled with coating film.
D Paint surface is too hard to sand.
E Abraded surface is not flat.
Note (*46): Waterproof abrasive paper shall conform to JIS R 6253 (Waterproof abrasive papers).
3.13.2 Dry sanding performance
Rub the coated surface of the test piece with abrasive papers (*47) numbers 1200 to 1500 and judge the
condition in the same way as the wet sanding performance specified in Section 3.13.1.
Note (*47): Abrasive papers shall conform to JIS R 6252. Abrasive paper numbers shall conform to
the agreement among the parties concerned.
3.14 Polishing Performance Test
Use a test panel prepared according to Section 2.3 or a part as a test piece. Lightly wipe the coated surface
of the test piece with a piece of gauze (pharmacopoeia) dipped in a specified polishing agent (*48)
specified times reciprocationally by hand. Then wipe the coated surface with a clean gauze to compare its
color, gloss, and general appearance against a master sample (or with the initial condition).
Note (*48): The polishing agent shall conform to the agreement among the parties concerned.

3.15 Salt Spray Test
3.15.1 With X-cut
As a rule, use a test panel prepared according to Section 2.3 or a part as a test piece with its edges sealed at
approximately 5 mm wide. Do not seal the edges for electrodeposition coating when the coating condition
of the edges has to be tested. Before testing, draw X-cut (*49) on the coating with a new retractable knife
(as specified in Section 3.6) cutting down to the base material. Mount the test piece in a salt spray tester
(*50) at an angle of 15 to 30 degrees from the vertical and conduct the spray test (*52) with a salt solution
(*51). After testing the specified duration, rinse the coating surface with clean running water, leave the
panel to stand upright in a room for two hours, and then conduct the adhesive tape peeling test on the
X-cut area. If there is any blister, peeling or rust, measure the width of the defect from the X-cut. Exclude
the area 10 mm from the edges (including mounting hole) from the observation.
Notes:
(*49) X-cut shall cross at approximate 30o.
(*50) Salt spray tester shall conform to JIS Z 2371 Methods of salt spray testing.
(*51) Salt solution 5 + 0.5 % NaCl aqueous solution
(*52) Test operation Continuous
Temperature of testing chamber 35 + 1oC
Temperature of air saturator 47 + 1oC
Relative humidity of testing chamber 95 to 98 %
Spray pressure 68.6 to 177 kPa {0.7 to 1.8
kgf/cm }2
Volume of solution obtained by collecting mist
0.85 to 2.0 ml/h for 80 cm 2
Spray sample solution pH 6.5 to 7.2 (33 to
35oC)
Other detailed conditions shall conform to JIS Z 2371.
3.15.2 Without X-cut
approximately 5 mm wide. Do not seal the edges for electrodeposition coating when the coating condition
of the edges has to be tested. Conduct the spray test of Section 3.15.1 on the test piece (without drawing
X-cut). Then rinse the surface of the paint film with clean running water, and check for corrosion, blister,
peeling and other defect on coating.
3.16 Filiform Corrosion Test
approximately 5 mm. Test these panels under the following conditions to measure the length of filiform
corrosion from the X-cut with callipers, etc. The area 10 mm from the edges (including mounting hole)
of test piece shall be excluded from the observation.
3.16.1 Condition 1
a) Apply X-cut reaching the base material of the test piece.
b) Conduct a 24-hour salt spray test according to Section 3.15.
c) Fix a test piece at an angle of 15 to 30 degrees from the vertical and leave it to stand in a
thermo-hygrostat at a temperature of 40 1oC and a relative humidity of 80 to 85 % for a specified
period of time.

3.16.2 Condition 2 (motorcycles and power equipment on aluminum base)
a) Apply X-cut reaching the base material of the test piece.
b) Conduct a 24-hour salt spray test according to Section 3.15.
c) Fix a test piece at an angle of 15 to 30 degrees from the vertical and leave it to stand in a desiccator
filled with a supersaturated solution of sodium sulfate (salt with 10 hydrates) (Na2SO4 10H2O) and
test at 40 1 oC for a specified period of time.
3.17 Paste Resistance Test
Use a test panel prepared according to Section 2.3 or a part as test pieces. Apply the test solution (paste)
(*53) 2 to 3 mm thick on the coating surface of a test piece, and leave it to stand in a thermo-hygrostat at a
temperature of 50 + 2 oC and relative humidity of 95 % or more for 24 hours. Then remove and rinse the
test piece with water and check the surface for rust, blister, peeling, or other coating defects.
Note (*53): Test solution composition:
Lead chloride (PbCl2) 20 g
* (PbCl2 may be omitted by an agreement among the parties concerned.)
Ferric chloride (FeCl3 6H2O) 7g
Active carbon (C) 50 g
Water (H2O) 30 g
3.18 Water Resistance Test (Water Immersion Resistance Test)
approximately 5 mm wide. Fill a constant temperature water bath with distilled water or deionized water
(*54) and maintain it at 40 oC. Immerse 1/2 to 2/3 of the test piece, as vertically as possible, into the water.
When two test pieces are to be tested simultaneously, they should be suspended at least 15 mm apart from
each other so as not to come into contact during the test. After a specified test period, remove the test
piece from the water bath and gently wipe off any contaminants, if any, with a soft cloth. Check the
coating surface for wrinkle, cracks, blisters, peeling, gloss deterioration, or color changes. For certain
specified paint series, it may sometimes be necessary to leave the test piece at room temperature for two
hours after the above test before conducting the adhesion test according to Section 3.6. The area 10 mm
from the edges (including mounting hole) of the test piece shall be excluded from the observation.
Note (*54): Distilled water or deionized water shall be changed for each test. When the total surface
area of test pieces exceeds 200 cm2 for each one liter of distilled water or deionized water contained in the
bath, the water shall be changed every 120 hours of the testing. If it is 200 cm2 or less, change the water
every 240 hours. Further, the deionized water shall basically have electric conductance of 0.1 ms/m and
under (at 25 oC).
3.19 Humidity Resistance Test
approximately 5 mm wide. Fix it at an angle of 15 to 30 degrees from the vertical and leave to stand in a
thermo-hygrostat at a temperature of 50 + 2 oC and a relative humidity of 95 % or more, for a specified
period of time for testing. Then check the coating surface for wrinkle, cracks, blisters, peeling, rust, gloss
deterioration, or color change. The area 10 mm from the edges (including mounting hole) of the test piece
shall be excluded from the observation. For certain specified paint series, it may sometimes be necessary
to leave the test piece at room temperature for two hours after the above test before conducting the
adhesion test according to Section 3.6.

3.20 Heat Resistance Test
3.20.1 Heat durability test
Use a test panel prepared according to Section 2.3 or a part as a test piece. Place the test piece in a
constant temperature bath maintained at a specified temperature. After heating for a specified period of
time, remove and place the panel in a room for one hour to check the coating surface for bubbles, cracks,
blisters, peeling, gloss deterioration, or color changes. Perform the following specified tests (*55) to check
whether the results fall within the standard limits.
Note (*55):
Adhesion Conform to Section 3.6 (Adhesion Test).
Impact resistance Conform to Section 3.8 (Impact Resistance Test).
Corrosion resistance Conform to Section 3.15 (Salt Spray Test).
Paste resistance Conform to Section 3.17 (Paste Resistance Test).
Gasoline resistance Conform to Section 3.21 (Gasoline Resistance Test).
Wear resistance Conform to Section 3.32 (Wear Resistance Test).
Remarks: To be satisfied in all temperature range at or below the maximum temperature. For mass
production control, tests only at the maximum temperature shall be accepted by the agreement among the
parties concerned.
3.20.2 Rapid water cooling test
Use a test panel prepared according to Section 2.3 or a part as a test piece. Place the test piece in a
constant temperature chamber maintained at a specified temperature, heat for three hours, and then
remove and rapidly cool it in water. Regarding the above procedure as one cycle, conduct specified cycles
and examine the coating surface for bubbles, cracks, blisters, peeling, deterioration of gloss, and color
changes. Also check for defects after conducting the adhesion test according to Section 3.6.
3.21 Volatile Solution Resistance Test
Use a test panel prepared according to Section 2.3 or a part as a test piece. As a rule, immerse 1/2 to 2/3 of
a test piece as vertically as possible in the volatile solution (*56) in a glass container at a temperature of
20 + 5 oC. After a specified period of immersion, remove the test panel and immediately check for color,
turbidity of the test solution, and the condition of the surface of the paint film. If the surface has no
wrinkles, cracks, blisters, or peeling, leave it at room temperature for two hours to check the coating
surface again for wrinkles, cracks, blisters, and peeling. If none of them is present, compare gloss change,
color change, increase of stickiness or hardness change with the area not dipped in the volatile solution.
Exclude the area within 10 mm from the edges (including mounting hole) from the observation.
Note (*56): Composition (volume) ratio of volatile solution for testing shall conform to Table 8. The
reagents to be used shall conform to the agreement among the parties concerned.
Table 8 Composition Ratio of Volatile Solution used in Testing (Ratio by volume)

Reagent Contained Number 3 FUEL C FUEL
Petroleum Benzine (Reagent) (Grade 1) (*57) 8 -
Toluene (Reagent) (Grade 1) (*58) 2 -
5
Isooctane
-
Gasoline (*59) - 10
Notes:
(*57) Petroleum benzine shall conform to JIS K 8594 (Petroleum benzine).
(*58) Toluene shall conform to JIS K 8680 (Toluene).
(*59) Gasoline specified in Section 3.28.4.

3.22 Xylene Resistance Test
Use a test panel prepared according to Section 2.3 or a part as a test piece. Place ten layers of gauze
(pharmacopoeia) dipped in xylene (*60) on the surface of paint film, and rub eight reciprocating strokes
while applying a load of 9.8 N {1 kgf }. Check the surface for flaws, deterioration of gloss, or coloring on
the gauze.
Note (*60): Xylene shall conform to JIS K 2435 (BenzeneTylueneXylene).
3.23 Oil Resistance Test
Use a test panel prepared according to Section 2.3 or a part as a test piece. Immerse 1/2 to 2/3 of a test
piece as vertically as possible in oil (*61) for testing in a glass container at a specified temperature. After
soaking for a specified period of time, remove the panel and wipe oil with absorbent cotton dipped in ethyl
alcohol (*62) and check the coating surface. After leaving the test piece for two hours, check the coating
for blisters, peeling, cloudiness, changes of gloss and color, or softening. Exclude the area 10 mm from the
edges (including mounting hole) on the test piece from the observation.
Notes:
(*61) The type of oil shall conform to the agreement among the parties concerned.
(*62) Ethyl alcohol shall conform to JIS K 8101.
3.24 Alkali Resistance Test
As a rule, use a test panel prepared according to Section 2.3 or a part with its edges sealed at
approximately 5 mm wide. Immerse 1/2 to 2/3 of a test piece in 1/10 mol/L sodium hydroxide solution
(*63) at 20 + 5 oC. After immersing for a specified period of time, remove and rinse the test piece with
clean running water. After leaving the test piece to stand vertically at room temperature for two hours,
check the surface of paint film for cracks, blisters, peeling, holes, or gloss and color changes. The area 10
mm from the edges (including mounting hole) on the test piece shall be excluded from the observation.
Note (*63): 1/10 mol/L sodium hydroxide solution shall conform to JIS K 8576 (Sodium hydroxide).
3.25 Acid Resistance Test
As a rule, use a test panel prepared according to Section 2.3 or a part with its edges sealed at
approximately 5 mm wide. Immerse 1/2 to 2/3 of a test piece in 1/20 mol/L of sulfuric acid solution (*64)
at 20 + 5 oC, as a rule. After soaking for a specified period of time, remove and rinse the test piece with
clean running water. Then leave the test piece standing vertically at a room temperature for two hours and
check the surface of paint film for cracks, blisters, peeling, holes, or gloss and color changes. The area 10
mm from the edges (including mounting hole) on the test piece shall be excluded from the observation.
Note (*64): 1/20 mol/L sulfuric acid solution shall conform to JIS K 8951 (Sulfuric acid).
3.26 Synthetic Sweat Resistance Test
3.26.1 Coatings on general materials (mild steel, resin, etc.)
Use a test panel prepared according to Section 2.3 or a part as a test piece. Immerse the test piece in
synthetic sweat (*65) in a beaker, leave it in a constant temperature bath set at temperature 40 1 oC for
four hours, remove, and dry it. Check the coating surface for color change or fading, swelling, softening,
or other defects of the coating.
Note (*65): Preparation of synthetic sweat
Dissolve 8.0 g disodium phosphate (12 hydrate), 8.0 g sodium chloride and 5.0 g acetic acid in distilled
water to produce one liter of solution (approximately pH 4.5).

3.26.2 Coatings on soft materials (foamed solid PVC, foamed solid urethane, soft polyester, etc.)
Use a test panel prepared according to Section 2.3 or a part as a test piece. Rub the surface of the test piece
with ten layers of gauze (pharmacopoeia) soaked in synthetic sweat for specified number of times while
applying the load of about 29 N {3 kgf}. Check the coating surface for flaws or deterioration of gloss and
coloring on the gauze.
3.27 Detergent Resistance Test
3.27.1 Coatings on general materials (mild steel, resin, etc.)
Use a test panel prepared according to Section 2.3 or a part as a test piece. Immerse the test piece in
detergent solution (*66) in a beaker, leave it in a constant temperature bath set at temperature 40 1 oC
for four hours, remove, and dry it. Check the coating surface for color change or fading, swelling,
softening, or other defects of the coating.
Note (*66): Detergent shall be weak alkaline Type 1 as specified in JIS K 3371 (Synthetic detergents for
home laundering).
(pH 9.0 to 10.6 (25 oC), anionic surface active agent)
3.27.2 Coatings on soft materials (foamed solid PVC, foamed solid urethane, soft polyester, etc.)
Use a test panel prepared according to Section 2.3 or a part as a test piece. Rub the surface of the test piece
for specified number of times with ten layers of gauze (pharmacopoeia) soaked in the detergent noted
above while applying a load of about 29 N {3 kgf}. Check the coating surface for flaws or deterioration of
gloss and coloring on the gauze.
3.28 Spot Resistance test
Use a test panel prepared according to Section 2.3 or a part as a test piece.
3.28.1 Water discoloration resistance test
Place a polyethylene cylinder of 25 mm in inner diameter and 15 mm in height on the coated surface of a
test piece noted above and secure it tightly by rubber bands or some other appropriate application device.
Drop 2 mL of distilled or deionized water (*67) on the test piece surrounded by the cylinder and place the
test device in an electrically-heated oven set at 55 oC for four hours until the solution completely
evaporates. After the test, rinse the test piece with water, air-dry, and then polish (*68) to check for color
difference or corrosion of the spot. The ring mark shall be excluded from judgment.
Notes:
(*67) Basically the deionized water shall have electric conductance of 0.1 ms/m or less (at 25 oC).
(*68) Polish means to wipe gently four or five times with a gauze soaked in soap solution.
3.28.2 Alkali discoloration resistance test
Conduct this test according to the color change resistance test to water in Section 3.28.1. Use 1/10 mol/L
sodium hydroxide solution (*69) as the test solution.
Note (*69): 1/10 mol/L sodium hydroxide solution shall conform to JIS K 8576.
3.28.3 Acid discoloration resistance test
Conduct this test according to the color change resistance test to water in Section 3.28.1. Use 1/10 mol/L
sulfuric acid solution (*70) as the test solution and leave it for 24 hours at a room temperature.
Note (*70): 1/10 mol/L sulfuric acid solution shall conform to JIS K 8951.

3.28.4 Gasoline discoloration resistance test
a) Method A (Motorcycles and power equipment)
Place and secure a polyethylene cylinder on the test piece in an equivalent method to the color change
resistance test to water in Section 3.28.1. Drop 0.3 to 0.5 mL of gasoline (*71) onto the test piece
surrounded by the cylinder and place the test device in an electrically-heated oven set at 55 oC for 15
minutes to let the solution evaporate. Then radiate with an ultraviolet lamp (*72) for 15 minutes.
Regarding this as one cycle, repeat the cycle ten times. Gently wipe the test piece with a soft gauze
(pharmacopoeia) and polish the piece. Check for color differences and corrosion on the spot. Exclude the
ring mark from judgment.
Notes:
(*71) The gasoline shall be or be equivalent to No. 1 gasoline as specified in JIS K 2202 (Motor
gasoline) or Idemitsu high octane gasoline.
(*72) Use one 15 W ultraviolet lamp.
Example: Mitsubishi germicidal lamp (15W)
Remark: For fear of fire due to the nature of the test, prepare fully before conducting the test.
b) Method B (Automobiles)
Place the test piece in a constant temperature chamber set to a specified temperature. When the
temperature of the test piece is equal to the specified temperature, remove the test piece from the bath. Lay
the test piece flat, drop 0.1 mL of regular gasoline (unleaded) onto the test piece. After two or three
minutes, wipe gently with a soft cloth to remove the gasoline. Visually check the color and gloss change,
swelling, etc. For areas which may frequently be exposed to gasoline, repeat this test ten times before
making judgment.
3.29 Thermal-Cycle Resistance Test
3.29.1 Method A
Use a test panel prepared according to Section 2.3 or a part as a test piece. After soaking the test piece in
water at a temperature of 80 1 oC for ten minutes, remove and dry it by air. Then cool the test panel
rapidly in -30 oC ambient temperature for ten minutes, and remove and leave it in room temperature for
ten minutes. Regarding this as one cycle, repeat it 20 times in total to check for blisters, peeling, cracks,
and other defects after each cycle.
Remarks:
1. Test pieces cut after coating and baking shall not be used as test pieces.
2. Test pieces shall be handled with care not to damage the surface of the paint film.
3. Test pieces shall be transferred quickly between the test devices.
3.29.2 Method B
Use a test panel prepared according to Section 2.3 or a part as a test piece. Place the test piece in a cooler
set at -30 + 2 oC for two hours. Remove and leave the test piece for 0.5 hour at room temperature before
placing it in a constant temperature chamber set at 80 + 2 oC for two hours. Remove and leave the test
piece at room temperature for 0.5 hour. Regarding this as one cycle, repeat it the specified number of
times to check for color changes, deterioration of gloss, cracks, blisters, and other defects on the coating.

3.30 Weather Resistance Test
3.30.1 Accelerated weather resistance test
a) Normal test
approximately 5 mm wide.
1) For exterior
After exposing the test piece to a sunshine carbon-arc light-and-water-exposure apparatus (*73) for a
specified period of time, remove and leave it in room temperature for one hour to check all the judgment
items.
2) For interior
After exposing the test piece to a sunshine carbon-arc light-exposure apparatus (*73) for a specified period
of time, remove and leave it in room temperature for one hour to check all the judgment items.
Note (*73): Sunshine carbon-arc light-exposure and light-and-water-exposure apparatus shall conform to
JIS B 7753 (Light-exposure and light-and water-exposure apparatus (Open-flame sunshine carbon-arc
type).
Remarks: Detailed conditions for the test shall be referred to the test methods WAN-1S (for direct
radiation) and WAL-1S (for radiation through glass) specified in JIS D 0205. Further, length of carbon
electrode in JIS D 0205 (Test method of weatherability for automotive parts) shall be considered as
reference. Temperature of WAN-1S shall be controlled at 63 + 3 oC by black panel thermometer. That of
WAL-1S shall be controlled at 83 + 3 oC (and 85 + 3 oC for seat covering of automobiles).
b) Clear coating crack cycle test
Use the following method to test the resistance (to cracking and peeling) of clear coating such as those
used with metallic coating. Expose a test piece prepared in the same way as a), as a rule, to a sunshine
carbon-arc light-exposure apparatus to radiate for 600 hours. Remove the test piece and fix it at an angle
of 15 to 30 degrees from the vertical and leave it to stand for 72 hours in a sealed box at a temperature of
49 + 1 oC and a relative humidity of at least 97 %. Regarding this as one cycle, repeat this cycle the
specified number of times. Check the coated surface for cracks, blisters, and peeling. Conduct the
adhesion test to check for peeling between the layers.
3.30.2 Outdoor exposure test
approximately 5 mm wide. Stand the test piece on a test bench for a specified period of outdoor exposure
and check for chalking and rust on the coated surface. Also rinse any contamination off of the surface,
using clean running water, and check the condition of coating, specular reflection ratio, color difference,
and the other secondary physical properties. If any coating defect is observed during the specified testing
period, the test can be stopped.
Remarks: The apparatus, location and the method used for the outdoor exposure test shall conform to JIS
K 5600-7-6 (Testing method for paints--Part 7: Long-period performance of film--Section 6: Natural
weathering.)
3.30.3 Check items in weather resistance test
a) General appearance
After a specified period of time or after the specified test, the coating surface shall be checked for the
degree of chalking and rust. Also, rinse any contamination off of the surface, using clean running water,
and check for color fading, cracks, blisters, peeling, and wrinkles.

b) Gloss retention (Gloss retention ratio)
Obtain specular gloss ratio before and after the test according to the method in Section 3.3. Measure the
gloss after the test on the coating surface after it has been washed with water and dried. Then polish it with
wax and measure the gloss again. Evaluate the gloss retention (gloss retention ratio, %) on the surface
polished with wax.
Specular gloss after test
Gloss retention (%) = x 100
Specular gloss before test
Report the gloss retention ratio (%) on the non-waxed surface for reference.
c) Color difference ( E*ab)
Measure the color difference ( E*ab) before and after the specified period of testing (or the specified
duration) according to Section 3.4. The results shall be rounded to the first decimal place. Measure
colors after the test on the coating surface after it has been washed with water and dried. Then polish it
with wax and measure the color again. Report the color difference measured on the surface polished with
wax. Report the color difference on the non-waxed surface for reference.
d) Impact resistance
Conduct the impact resistance test according to Section 3.8 after completing the specified weather
resistance test to check for cracks and peeling.
e) Bending resistance
Conduct bending resistance test according to Section 3.10 after completing the specified weather
resistance test to check for cracks.
f) Adhesion
Conduct adhesion test according to Section 3.6 after completing the specified weather resistance test.
Results shall be reported by 100 - x / 100, where the number of squares peeled is x.
3.31 Color Retention Test
3.31.1 Color difference by number of baking
Prepare two test pieces in accordance with Section 2.3 and bake one piece once and the other piece twice
(*74). Check the two test pieces for the color difference and specular gloss.
Note (*74): To bake a panel twice means bake once, then leave it to cool to 20 + 5 oC , and bake one
more time as specified. Baking temperature and duration shall conform to the agreement among the
parties concerned.
Remarks: State of a test piece between baked once and twice may be compared.
3.31.2 Color difference by temperature
Use two test panels prepared according to Section 2.3 as test pieces. Leave one test panel at room
temperature and heat the other to 80oC. Immediately after removing the heated panel, compare the color
difference of both panels visually.
3.32 Wear Resistance Test
3.32.1 Method A (Taber's abrasion resistance test)
Use a test panel prepared according to Section 2.3 as a test piece. Mount the test piece on the sample
holder of a Taber's abrasion tester (*75). Subject the test piece to abrasion with a specified number of
revolutions while applying a load of 4.9 N {500 gf} using a specified abrasion disc (*76). Measure the
change in mass of the test piece.
Notes:
(*75) Use a Taber's abrasion tester as specified in JIS K 6902 (Testing method for laminated
thermosetting high-pressure decorative sheets).
(*76) Truck wheel shall be CS-10 unless otherwise specified.

3.32.2 Method B (Reciprocating abrasion test)
Use a test panel prepared according to Section 2.3 or a part as a test piece. Place ten layers of gauze
(pharmacopoeia) on the surface of the test piece and rub it specified times in reciprocating motions while
applying a load of approximately 29 N {3 kgf} to check the changes on coating surface. Check coloring
on the gauze and coating surface for flaws or change in gloss.
3.33 Chipping Resistance Test
Use a test panel prepared according to Section 2.3 or a part as a test piece. Install the test piece in a
gravelometer (*77) set at a condition stated in a) with the coated surface facing to a specified direction.
Hit the surface with specified stones at a specified pressure, and report the condition of flaws according to
the evaluation method stated in 3).
Note (*77): Use a gravelometer specified in JASO M 104 (Testing Method for Automobile Brake Tube)
or SAE J400 (TEST FOR CHIP RESISTANCE OF SURFACE COATINGS).
a) Test condition
1) Leave a test piece at room temperature for at least 72 hours after it has been prepared. Adjust the
coating film thickness of each layer within 10 % of the specified thickness.
2) Operating conditions
2.1) Air pressure for injection 0.392 0.019 MPa {4 0.2 kgf/cm2} on the pressure gauge
of the tester.
2.2) Air flow 40 to 50 L/sec.
2.3) Impactor (stone) #6 or #7 crushed stones (*78)
Remarks: Change the stones periodically because their shapes change or they become crushed with
repeated use.
2.4) Total amount used 500 10 g (#6), 50 1 g (#7)
2.5) Installation of test piece Distance from injection opening and the panel surface shall be 35
o
cm. Angle shall be 90 to injection opening.
2.6) Test temperature Test at a specified temperature. (For the test at 0 oC or
lower, cool the test piece in a cooler or equivalent device and test immediately after taking it out.)
Note (*78): Crushed stones shall conform to JIS A 5001 (Crushed stone for road construction). Selection
of #6 or #7 shall conform to the agreement among the parties concerned.
3) Evaluation (Indication) of corrosion
Remove pieces of stone, dust, etc. from the coating surface of the test pieces which have been subjected to
the chipping resistance test. Conduct the corrosion resistance test for a specified duration according to
Section 3.15. After a specified duration of testing, remove the test piece, wash the coating surface with
clean running water, leave in it a room for two hours, and then conduct the peeling test with adhesive tape
on the whole coating surface. By peeled area, evaluation is classified into five types based on the master
sample (*79). The evaluation number having the nearest peeled area shall be indicated.
Note (*79): Master sample for evaluation of corrosion is shown in Table 9.

Table 9
3.34 Light Transmittancy

Use a spectrophotometer to measure the transmittancy of a test piece which is prepared for measurement
according to Section 3.34.1. From the integral value of the measured wave length (spectral transmittancy),
draw a film thickness-transmittancy line (curve). Then read the transmittancy of a specified film thickness
to report as a light transmittancy of the film thickness.
3.34.1 Preparation of test panels for measurement
Apply a coating (*81) on a glass panel (*80). Film thickness levels shall normally be four levels with
target thickness of 10, 20, 30, 40 m respectively.
Notes:
(*80) Use a 1-mm thick soda-lime glass panel having a transmittancy of at least 90 % for wavelengths of
300 to 400 nm and 400 to 700 nm. Use glass panel of size fit to the spectrophotometer.
(*81) When applying coating, attach the glass panel to an iron panel and such with masking tape to
prevent spraying on the back side of the glass panel.
Apply coating on an iron panel at the same time to measure coating thickness and to identify it with that of
a glass panel.
3.34.2 Measurement of spectral transmittancy
a) Measure spectral transmittancy of glass panels with different coating thickness respectively using a

spectrophotometer. The same glass panel as that used for test panel shall be inserted in the course of the
ray as a reference object.
b) From the chart obtained, read integral of transmittancy for wavelengths of 300 to 400 nm and 400 to
700 nm to report as the transmittancy of the coating film thickness.
c) Prepare calibration curve showing relation of coating thickness and transmittancy, and read
transmittancy at 10 m coating thickness. The value shall be the transmittancy of the coating.
3.35 Water Abrasion Resistance Test
Heat the test piece for five hours at a specified temperature, cool, and immerse it in water of normal
temperature for 240 hours. Then, abrade the coating surface with ten layers of wet gauze by pressing hard
with fingers. Apply 50 reciprocating abrasions with a load of 29 N {3 kgf}.
3.36 Solvent Resistance Test
piece as vertically as possible in the test solvent (*82) kept at specified temperature in a glass container.
After soaking for the specified time, remove the panel and check immediately for the color, turbidity of
the test solution, and the condition of the coating surface. If the coating surface has no wrinkles, cracks,
blisters, or peeling, leave the test panel for two hours in a room and then check the coating surface again
for wrinkles, cracks, blisters, and peeling. If none of them is present, compare gloss change, color change,
increase of stickiness, and change in hardness with the area not soaked in the solvent. Exclude the area
within 10 mm from the edges from the observation.
Notes:
(*82) Solvent for the test shall be the gasoline for automobile specified in Section 3.28.4 with an
addition of 10 % ethanol (*83).
(*83) Ethanol shall conform to JIS K 8101.
3.37 Boiling Water Resistance Test
piece as vertically as possible in deionized water (*84) in a beaker. A few boiling stones shall be put in it
beforehand. Boil (*85) for the specified period of time, take out the test piece after ten minutes, and check
the condition of the coating surface. Then shake off the water on the test piece, leave for two hours in a
room, and check the coating surface for wrinkles, cracks, blisters, peeling, gloss change, color change,
increase of stickiness, and hardness change.
Notes:
(*84) Basically the deionized water shall have electric conductance of 0.1 ms/m or less (at 25 oC).
(*85) Keep boiling to produce a few small bubbles per second.
Applicable standards
HES D 2500-99A GENERAL TEST METHODS FOR RESIN MATERIALS FOR VEHICLES
HES D 6001-99 GENERAL TEST METHODS FOR PLATING
JIS A 5001 : 95 Crushed stone for road construction
JIS B 7502 : 94 Micrometer calipers
JIS B 7753 : 93 Light-exposure and light-and-water-exposure apparatus (Open-flame sunshine
carbon-arc type)
JIS D 0205 : 87 Test method of weatherability for automotive parts
JIS G 3141 : 96 Cold-reduced carbon steel sheets and strip
JIS G 4401 : 00 Carbon tool steels
JIS K 2202 : 99 Motor gasoline
JIS K 2435 : 92 BenzeneTolueneXylene
JIS K 3371 : 94 Synthetic detergents for home laundering

JIS K 5600-1-1 : 99 Testing methods for paints-Part 1: General rule-Section 1: general test methods
(conditions and methods)
JIS K 5600-5-3 : 99 Testing methods for paints-Part 5: Mechanical property of film-Section 3:
Falling-weight test
JIS K 5600-7-6 : 02 Testing methods for paints-Part 7: Long-period performance of film-Section 6:
Natural weathering test
JIS K 6902 : 98 Testing method for laminated thermosetting high-pressure decorative sheets
JIS K 8101 : 94 Ethanol (99.5)
JIS K 8576 : 94 Sodium hydroxide
JIS K 8594 : 96 Petroleum benzine
JIS K 8680 : 96 Toluene
JIS K 8839 : 95 2-Propanol
JIS K 8951 : 95 Sulfuric acid
JIS R 6252 : 99 Abrasive papers
JIS R 6253 : 99 Waterproof abrasive papers
JIS Z 1522 : 94 Pressure sensitive adhesive cellophane tapes
JIS Z 2371 : 00 Methods of salt spray testing
JIS Z 8401 : 99 Guide to the rounding of numbers
JIS Z 8701 : 99 Colour specification - The CIE 1931 standard colorimetric system and the CIE
1964 supplementary standard colorimetric system
JIS Z 8720 : 00 Standard illuminants and sources for colorimetry
JIS Z 8721 : 93 Colour specification - Specification according to their three attributes
JIS Z 8722 : 00 Methods of colour measurement - Reflecting and transmitting objects
JIS Z 8729 : 94 Colour specification - CIE LAB and CIE LUV colour spaces
JIS Z 8730 : 02 Colour specification - Colour differences of object colours
JASO M 104-86 Testing methods for automobile brake tube
SAE J400 NOV02 TEST FOR CHIP RESISTANCE OF SURFACE COATINGS
Related standards
When applying the following related standards, an agreement shall be made among the parties concerned.
ASTM B 117-02 Standard Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog) Apparatus
ASTM D 523-89 (1999) Standard Test Method for Specular Gloss
ASTM D 822-01 Standard Practice for Filtered Open-Flame Carbon-Arc Exposures of Paint
and Related Coatings
ASTM D 1193-91el Standard Specification for Reagent Water
ASTM D 2244-02 Standard Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances and Color Differences
from Instrumentally Measured Color Coordinates
ASTM D 2247-02 Standard Practice for Testing Water Resistance of Coatings in 100%
Relative Humidity
ASTM D 3363-00 Standard Test Method for Film Hardness by Pencil Test
ASTM D 4060-01 Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Organic Coatings by the
Taber Abraser
ASTM G 7-97 Standard Practice for Atmospheric Environmental Exposure Testing of
Nonmetallic Materials

Revision Record
Year Rec Issue NewsNo Prep Conf Appvl Remarks
96 EST 96/12/26 96025 Tashiro Shimada Morizumi
97 REV1 97/11/10 97028 Tashiro Shimada Morizumi
99 Correctio 99/08/07 99011 Kobayashi Naya Tomino Correction of errors
n
99A Correctio 99/12/24 99017 Kimura Naya Tomino Correction of errors
n
03 REV2 03/08/26 03013 Okada Tomino Suganuma Addition of specification for medium
temperature range of heat durability test

Hes D6501-03 General Test Methods For Coating

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Date of Issue 2003/08/26

Product HES Office

2. GENERAL CONDITIONS OF TESTS

3. TEST OF COATING FILM PROPERTIES

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2. GENERAL CONDITIONS OF TESTS

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90 (70) 100 45 (15, 35)

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3. TEST OF COATING FILM PROPERTIES

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Note (*13): Conform to JIS Z 8401 (Guide of the rounding of numbers).

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Adhesive cellophane tape

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3.11 Low Temperature Bending Test

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Table 8 Composition Ratio of Volatile Solution used in Testing (Ratio by volume)

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3.34 Light Transmittancy

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