DEDAN KIMATHI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS 2021/2022

FOURTH YEAR SUPPLEMENTARY/SPECIAL EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING
EEE4104: ELECTRICAL MACHINES III

DATE: DECEMBER 2021 TIME: 2 HOURS

INSTRUCTIONS: This examination paper contains five questions. Answer Question ONE and
any other TWO Questions. Question one carries 30 marks and all the other questions carry 20
marks each.

QUESTION 1

a) State any two approaches used to supply the DC current to the field circuits of a synchronous
machine. (2 marks)
b) Give two types of Classification of Synchronous Machines on each based on shape of the
field and arrangement of the field and armature windings (4 marks)
c) State any four characteristics of a salient pole rotor construction of a synchronous machine.
(4 marks)
d) For a synchronous generator operating alone, illustrate using a phasor diagram the effect of load
changes on an initially leading load. (4 marks)
e) A 350V, 50Hz, 4 pole synchronous generator has a per phase synchronous reactance of
1.2Ω. Its full load armature current is 50A at 0.8 pf lagging. This generator has friction
and windage losses of 1.2kW and core losses of 0.5kW at 60 Hz full load. Assume the
𝐼 2 𝑅 losses are negligible. The field current has been adjusted so that the terminal voltage
is 350V at n load.
i). Speed of rotation of this generator (2 marks)
ii). What is the efficiency of this generator when it is operating at the rated current
and 0.8 pf lagging. (10 marks)
iii). Calculate the input torque. (4 marks)
QUESTION 2

a) A 3 phase, Y connected round rotor synchronous generator is rated at 10kVA, 250V. It

has a synchronous reactance of 1.2Ω per phase and an armature resistance of 0.5 Ω per
phase.
i). Calculate the voltage regulation with 0.8 pf lagging (3 marks)
ii). Determine the power factor such that the voltage regulation is zero on full load.
( 8 marks)
b) A 80MVA, 11kV, 0.85 pf lagging, 50Hz, 2 pole Y connected synchronous generator has
a per unit synchronous reactance of 1.1 and a per unit armature resistance of 0.02.
i). What is the magnitude of the internal generated voltage, Ea and torque angle at
the rated conditions? (4 marks)
ii). What are the synchronous reactance and armature reactance in Ohms? (5 marks)
QUESTION 3

a) Using a well labelled phasor diagram of a generator for a lagging power factor (neglect
armature resistance) derive and show that the static stability limit is given as (6 marks)
3𝑉∅ 𝐸𝑎
𝑃𝑚𝑎𝑥 =
𝑋𝑠
b) A 12 kV, 9.8 MVA 0.8 PF-lagging Y connected steam turbine generator has a synchronous
reactance of 10 Ohms per phase and armature resistance of 2.0 Ohms per phase. This generator is
operating in parallel with a large power system (infinate bus).
i) What is the magnitude of EA at rated conditions?
ii) What is the torque angle of the generator at rated conditions?
iii) If the field current is constant, what is the maximum power possible out of this generator?
How much reserve power or torque does this generator have at full load?
iv) At the absolute maximum power possible, how much reactive power will this generator
be supplying or consuming? Sketch the corresponding phasor diagram. Assume IF to be
constant.
(14 marks)

QUESTION 4

a) List any four conditions that must be met before connecting generators in parallel (4 marks)
b) Using an equivalent circuit and relevant phasor diagram(s) of a synchronous generator;
i). Derive the complex Real power output of a generator per phase. (10 marks)

ii). Derive and hence show the condition for maximum power output per phase (6 marks)

QUESTION 5

a) Explain the synchronous generator Q-V curve. (5 marks)

b) A three phase star connected alternator is rated at 1200 kVA, 11500V. The armature effective
resistance and synchronous reactance is 2.2 Ω and 25 Ω respectively per phase. Calculate the
percentage regulation for a load of 960 kW at a power factor of (i) 0.8 lagging, (ii) unity and (iii)
0.8 leading. (15 marks)