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JUVENILE DELINQUENCY & CRIME PREVENTION

67. The following, except one, are social circumstances of a child at risk.A. coming from a dysfunctional
or broken family or without a parent or guardianB. being out of schoolC. being a streetchildD. gifted
child

68. Children with I.Q,s from about 25 to about 50, one who belongs to this group shows a mental level
andrate of development which is ¼ to ½ that of the average child, is unable to acquire high academic
skills,but can usually acquire the basic skills for living to a reasonable degree. He can likewise attain a
primarygrade level of education if he receives effective instruction.A. Trainable Group C. Educable
GroupB. Low Normal Group D. Mentally ill

69. Refers to a system dealing with children at risk and children in conflict with the law, which
provideschild-appropriate proceedings, including programs and services for prevention, diversion,
rehabilitation,re-integration and aftercare to ensure their normal growth and development.A. Juvenile
Justice and Welfare System C. Law Enforcement OfficerB. Offense D. Recognizance

70. Aside from the child, who may file a complaint against any violation of R.A. 7610?A. Parents or
guardiansB. Ascendants or collateral relatives within 3rd degree of consanguinity.C. Barangay chairman,
Officer of DSWD or at least any three responsible citizens.D. All of the foregoing

71. Refers to an aggressive teens who resents authority, whether be it parental, school
regulations orordinances and laws passed by the proper legislative authorities. The most common
reasons for suchdislike are focused on anyone who tries to control their conduct.A. Accidental C.
asocialB. Neurotic D. social

72. The members of this classification are only slightly retarded and they can usually get by in
regularclasses if they receive some extra help, guidance and consideration. They have to spend much
more timewith their studies than do most children in order to pass. A.Trainable Group C. Educable
GroupB. Borderline or Low Normal Group D. Mentally ill

73. Refers to the totality of the circumstances and conditions which are most congenial to the
survival,protection and feelings of security of the child and most encouraging to the
child's physical,psychological and emotional development.A. Bail C. best interest of the childB. child
D. children

74. It is one that provides twenty-four resident group care service for the physical, mental,
social andspiritual well-being of nine or more mentally gifted, dependent, abandoned, neglected,
handicapped ordisturbed children, or youthful offenders. A. A child-caring institution C. A detention
house B. A shelter-care institution D. Receiving homes

75. It is one that provided temporary protection and care to children requiring emergency reception as
aresult of fortuitous events, abandonment by parents, dangerous conditions of neglect or cruelty in
thehome, being without adult care because of crisis in the family, or a court order holding them as
materialwitnesses. A. A child-caring institution C. A detention house B. A shelter-care institution D.
Receiving homes

76. This method ascribes the distinction and variation and delinquency pattern to social structures. The
youthmisdeed may be attributed to their learning process cultured in on youth gangs, stigmatizing
contactswith governmental and social control agencies and other similar variables. A. Biogenic C.
Psychogenic B. Sociogenic D. Criminological approach

77. A child fifteen (15) years of age or under at the time of the commission of the
offense shall be____________, and subjected to an intervention program.A. exempt from criminal
liability C. undergo mandatory rehabilitation program B. referred to DSWD D. all of the above

78. The first juvenile court was established in the state of;A. Sacramento C. IllinoisB. Maryland D.
Chicago5

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MULTIPLE CHOICE (100 items) Direction: Select the correct answer from the choices enumerated below
each number. Encircle the letter that corresponds to your answer.
Refers to a system dealing with children at risk and children in conflict with the law, which provides child
appropriate proceedings, including programs and services for prevention, diversion, rehabilitation, re-
integration and aftercare to ensure their normal growth and development. A. Juvenile Justice and
Welfare System C. Law enforcement system B. Offense D. Recognizance

This methodology argues that the critical factors in delinquency are personality problems, to which the
misbehavior is presumed to be the response. This advocates the use of counseling to curtail juvenile
misbehavior. A. biogenic C. sociogenic B. psychogenic D. criminological approach

Delinquency and criminal matters are learned and adopted A. Differential identification theory C.
Imitation and Suggestion theory B. social disorganization theory D. Environmental theory

The exemption from criminal liability of children in conflict with the law does not include exemption
from: A. civil liability B. fine C. imprisonment D. all of these

This method ascribes the distinction and variation and delinquency pattern to social structures. The
youth misdeed may be attributed to their learning process cultured in on youth gangs, stigmatizing
contacts with governmental and social control agencies and other similar variables. A. biogenic C.
sociogenic B. psychogenic D. criminological approach

Refers to a principle which requires a process of resolving conflicts with the maximum involvement of
victim, the offender and the community. A. restorative justice C. status offenses B. Youth detention D.
youth rehabilitation

It seeks to obtain reparation for the victim, reconciliation of the offender, the offended and the
community. A. fine C. katarungang pambarangay B. restorative justice D. bail bond

Growth, learning, maturation are part of the natural development of: A. seniles B. adolescents C. child D.
elderly
The child and youth welfare code was promulgated by virtue of what decree? A. PD 613 B. PD 603 C. PD
916 D. PD 319

Refers to youth behavior which is against norms and regulations of society, which left unchecked would
give rise to criminality. A. criminal behavior B. criminality C. juvenile delinquency D. juvenile welfare

A category of delinquents who are essentially law abiding citizens but happened to be at the wrong
place at the wrong time. A. anti-social B. accidental C. neurotic D. social

A category of delinquents which is a direct result of internal conflict and pre-occupation with his own
emotion and mode. A. accidental B. neurotic C. asocial D. social

A youth behavior disorder which shows disobedience and disrespect for authority. A. Truancy C.
emotional disorder B. anti-social behavior D. lying

Absences without cause for more than 20 days. A. runaway B. truancy C. absent without leave D
absences

Otherwise known as the Juvenile Justice and Welfare Act of 2006 A. RA 9262 B. PD 603 C. RA 9433 D. RA
9344

Totality of circumstances, conditions most congenial to survival, protection, feelings of security of child
& most encouraging to physical, psychological, emotional development. A. Anti-Child Abuse C. Best
Interest of the Child B. Youth and Welfare D. Child Development

Focuses on losses suffered by the victims, holding the youth offenders accountable for the harm they
have caused and building peace within the community. A. Katarungang Pambarangay C. Restorative
Justice B. Mediation D. Conciliation
Vulnerable to commit criminal offenses due to personal, family, social circumstances A. Child in conflict
with the law C. Child at Risk B. Youth Offenders D. poor children

Child who is alleged, accused of or adjudged as having committed an offense under Philippine laws A.
Child in conflict with the law C. child at risk B. youth gang member D. victimology

Who are exempted from criminal responsibility under the Juvenile Justice and Welfare Act of 2006 A. 15
years below C. 12 years below B. 15 + 1 day but with no discernment D. all of these

The mental capacity to know what is right and what is wrong. A. knowledge B. discernment C.
intelligence D. brain drain

The process of determining the responsibility of a child in conflict with the law without resorting to
formal court proceedings A. intervention B. informal hearing C. diversion D. pre-arrange meeting

Refers to a series of activities which are designed to address issues that caused the child to commit an
offense A. Diversion C. Counseling B. Intervention D. Community services

Refers to an undertaking in lieu of a bond assumed by a parent or custodian who shall be responsible for
the appearance in court of the child in conflict with the law, when required. A. Fine C. Recognizance B.
temporary custody D. court appearance

Refers to offenses which discriminate only a child while an adult does not suffer any penalty for
committing similar acts. A. light offenses C. serious offenses B. status offenses D. grave offenses

Refers to offenses where there is no private offended party A. private crimes C. victimless crimes B.
multiple crimes D. crimes against persons

Refers to a 24-hour child-caring institution managed by accredited local government units and licensed
and/or accredited non-government organization providing short term residential care for children in
conflict with the law who are awaiting court disposition of their cases or transfer to other agencies. A.
Youth detention home C. Youth rehabilitation center B. Boys/Girls Home D. GawadKalinga Home

Refers to an institution that receive and rehabilitates youth offenders or other disturbed children A.
Home for Boy/Girls C. Youth rehabilitation center B. Boy town D. Youth detention home

One who is without a parent, guardian or custodian, or one whose parents, guardian desire to be
relieved of his care or custody and is dependent upon the public for support. A. Abandoned child C.
Dependent child B. orphaned D. child in conflict with the law.

One whose basic needs have been deliberately unattended or inadequately attended. A. Abandoned
child B. abused child C. neglected child D. poor child

Those who, although afflicted with insanity or mental defect, are unable to maintain normal social
relation with others due to emotional problems or complexes A. emotionally ill children C. emotionally
disturbed children B. emotionally abused children D. emotionally imbalanced children

Diversion proceedings is available at A. Barangay B. DSWD office C. mayor’s office D. Senate

The following are the officers and agencies who will coordinate with the Council for the Welfare of
Children and Youth in the implementation of laws and programs of child and youth, except: A. DILG B.
DOH C. DAR D. DOJ

What law protects children from child abuse, exploitation and discrimination A. RA 7160 B. RA 7610 C.
RA 7060 D. RA 7601

It is the absence without caused for more than twenty schooldays, not necessarily consecutive. A. Anti-
social behavior C. truancy B. vagrancy D. emotional disorder
Refers to the program that the child in conflict with the law is required to undergo after he/she is found
responsible for an offense without resorting to formal court proceedings. A. Diversion C. Diversion
program B. Initial contact with-the child D. Intervention

Refers to the aggregate of persons working in commercial, industrial, and agricultural establishments or
enterprises, whether belonging to labor or management. A. Youth Associations C. Samahan B. Civic
Association D. None of the above

A child above fifteen (15) years but below eighteen (18) years of age shall likewise be exempt from
criminal liability and be subjected to an intervention program, unless he/she has acted with
____________. A. Discernment C. cruelty B. all of above D. none of these

A child, who’s I, ranges from about 50 to about 75, and the intellectual development is approximately ½
to ¾ of the expected of a normal child of the same chronological age. The degree of success or
accomplishment that they will reach in life depends very much on the quality and type of education they
receive as well as on the treatment at home and in the community. A Group C. Educable Group B. Low
Normal Group D. Mentally ill

Refers to conditions and elements which provoke crimes or factors such as personal problems, curiosity,
ignorance, necessities and diseases. A. Predisposing factor C. Precipitating factor B. multiple factor D.
none of these

Refers to a person under the age of eighteen (18) years. A. Bail C. youth B. child D. delinquent

Refers to a family court or, in places where there are no family courts, any regional trial court. A. Child in
conflict with the law C. Community-based programs B. Court D. Deprivation of liberty

This criminal act comes from loose morals in the home, lack of economic security wherein the parents
are unable to provide for the needs of their children, undisciplined desire for possession and pleasure
seeking and indifference. A. lying C. stealing B. vagrancy D. emotional disorder
Refers to a principle which requires a process of resolving conflicts with the maximum involvement of
the victim, the offender and the community. It seeks to obtain reparation for the victim; reconciliation of
the offender, the offended and the community; and reassurance to the offender that he/she can be
reintegrated into society. It also enhances public safety by activating the offender, the victim and the
community in prevention strategies. A. Restorative justice C. Distributive justice B. Commutative justice
D. Status offenses

It is a twenty-four hour child-caring institution providing short term resident care for youthful offenders
who are waiting court disposition of their cases or transfer to other agencies or jurisdiction. A. A child-
caring institution C. A detention house B. A shelter-care institution D. Receiving homes

Refers to a 24-hour residential care facility managed by the Department of Social Welfare and
Development (DSWD), LGUs, licensed and/or accredited NGOs monitored by the DSWD, which provides
care, treatment and rehabilitation services for children in conflict with the law. A. Restorative justice C.
Status offenses B. Youth detention home D. Youth rehabilitation center

This methodology argues that the critical factors in delinquency are personality problems, to which the
misbehavior is presumed to be the response. This advocates the use of counseling to curtail juvenile
misbehavior. A. Biogenic C. Psychogenic B. Sociogenic D. Criminological approach

The following, except one, are social circumstances of a child at risk. A. coming from a dysfunctional or
broken family or without a parent or guardian B. being out of school C. being a streetchild D. gifted child

Children with I,s from about 25 to about 50, one who belongs to this group shows a mental level and
rate of development which is ¼ to ½ that of the average child, is unable to acquire high academic skills,
but can usually acquire the basic skills for living to a reasonable degree. He can likewise attain a primary
grade level of education if he receives effective instruction. A. Trainable Group C. Educable Group B. Low
Normal Group D. Mentally ill

Refers to a system dealing with children at risk and children in conflict with the law, which provides
child-appropriate proceedings, including programs and services for prevention, diversion, rehabilitation,
re-integration and aftercare to ensure their normal growth and development. A. Juvenile Justice and
Welfare System C. Law Enforcement Officer B. Offense D. Recognizance
Aside from the child, who may file a complaint against any violation of R. 7610? A. Parents or guardians
B. Ascendants or collateral relatives within 3rd degree of consanguinity. C. Barangay chairman, Officer of
DSWD or at least any three responsible citizens. D. All of the foregoing

Refers to an aggressive teens who resents authority, whether be it parental, school regulations or
ordinances and laws passed by the proper legislative authorities. The most common reasons for such
dislike are focused on anyone who tries to control their conduct. A. Accidental C. asocial B. Neurotic D.
social

The members of this classification are only slightly retarded and they can usually get by in regular classes
if they receive some extra help, guidance and consideration. They have to spend much more time with
their studies than do most children in order to pass. A Group C. Educable Group B. Borderline or Low
Normal Group D. Mentally ill

Refers to the totality of the circumstances and conditions which are most congenial to the survival,
protection and feelings of security of the child and most encouraging to the child's physical,
psychological and emotional development. A. Bail C. best interest of the child B. child D. children

It is one that provides twenty-four resident group care service for the physical, mental, social and
spiritual well-being of nine or more mentally gifted, dependent, abandoned, neglected, handicapped or
disturbed children, or youthful offenders. A. A child-caring institution C. A detention house B. A shelter-
care institution D. Receiving homes

It is one that provided temporary protection and care to children requiring emergency reception as a
result of fortuitous events, abandonment by parents, dangerous conditions of neglect or cruelty in the
home, being without adult care because of crisis in the family, or a court order holding them as material
witnesses. A. A child-caring institution C. A detention house B. A shelter-care institution D. Receiving
homes

This method ascribes the distinction and variation and delinquency pattern to social structures. The
youth misdeed may be attributed to their learning process cultured in on youth gangs, stigmatizing
contacts with governmental and social control agencies and other similar variables. A. Biogenic C.
Psychogenic B. Sociogenic D. Criminological approach

A child fifteen (15) years of age or under at the time of the commission of the offense shall be
____________, and subjected to an intervention program. A. exempt from criminal liability C. undergo
mandatory rehabilitation program B. referred to DSWD D. all of the above

The first juvenile court was established in the state of; A. Sacramento C. Illinois B. Maryland D. Chicago

It is an institution or person assuming the care, custody, protection and maintenance of children for
placement in any child-caring institution or home under the care and custody of any person of persons
for purposes of adoption, guardianship or foster care. A. child-placing agency C. Nursery B. maternity
home D. rehabilitation center

These are family-type homes which provides temporary shelter from ten to twenty days for children
who shall during this period be under observation and study for eventual placement by the Department
of Social Welfare. A. A child-caring institution C. A detention house B. A shelter-care institution D.
Receiving home

One of the following may determine the age of a child. A. Baptismal certificate or any other pertinent
documents B. Information from the child himself/herself, C. Testimonies of other persons and the
physical appearance of the child D. All of the above

Refers to a 24-hour child-caring institution managed by accredited local government units (LGUs) and
licensed and/or accredited nongovernment organizations (NGOs) providing short-term residential care
for children in conflict with the law who are waiting court disposition of their cases or transfer to other
agencies or jurisdiction. A. Restorative justice C. Status offenses B. Youth detention home D. Youth
rehabilitation center

They are socially incompetent, that is socially inadequate and occupationally incompetent and unable to
manage their own affairs, mentally subnormal; retarded intellectually from birth or early age; retarded
at maturity; mentally deficient as a result of constitutional origin, through hereditary or disease, and
essentially incurable. A. Physically neglected C. Emotionally neglected B. Psychologically neglected D.
Mentally retarded

Refers to an alternative, child-appropriate process of determining the responsibility and treatment of a

child in conflict with the law on the basis of his/her social, cultural, economic, psychological or
educational background without resorting to formal court proceedings. A. Diversion C. Diversion
program B. Initial contact with-the child D. Intervention

Refers to a series of activities which are designed to address issues that caused the child to commit an
offense. It may take the form of an individualized treatment program which may include counseling,
skills training, education, and other activities that will enhance his/her psychological, emotional and
psycho-social well-being. A. Diversion C. Diversion program B. Initial contact with-the child D.
Intervention

Process of resolving conflicts with maximum involvement of victim, offender, and community. A.
Reconciliation B. Restorative Justice C. Settlement D. Ceasefire

Mental capacity to know what is right and what is wrong. A. Intelligence B. Discernment C. Common
Sense D. Cleverness

Refers to a 24-hour child-caring institution established, funded and managed by local government units
(LGUs) and licensed and/or accredited NGOs providing short-term residential care for CICL who are
above fifteen (15) but below eighteen (18) years of age who are awaiting court disposition of their cases
or transfer to other agencies or jurisdiction. A. Bahay Pag-asa B. Buhay Pag-asa C. Bigay Pag-asa B. Balay
Pag-asa

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determining the responsibility and treatment of a child in conflict with the law on the basis of
higher social, cultural, economic, psychological or educational background without resorting to
formal court proceedings.14. Deprivation of Liberty - refers to any form of detention or
imprisonment, or to the placement of a child in conflictwith the law in a public or private custodial
setting, from whichthe child in conflict with the law is not permitted to leave at willby order of any
judicial or administrative authority.15. Court - refers to a family court or, in places where there are no
family courts, any regional trial court.16. Community-based Programs - refers to the programs provided
in a community setting developed for purposes of intervention and diversion, as well as rehabilitation
of the child in conflict with the law, for reintegration into his/her family and/or community.17. Child in
Conflict with the Law - refers to a child who is alleged as, accused of, or adjudged as, having
committed an offense under Philippine laws.18. Child at Risk - refers to a child who is vulnerable to
and at the risk of committing criminal offenses because of personal, family and social
circumstances.19. Child - refers to a person under the age of eighteen (18) years.

20. Best Interest of the Child - refers to the totality of the circumstances and conditions which are
most congenial to the survival, protection and feelings of security of the child and most encouraging
to the child's physical, psychologicaland emotional development. It also means the least detrimental
available alternative for safeguarding the growth and development of the child.21. Bail - refers to the
security given for the release of theperson in custody of the law, furnished by him/her or a bondsman,
to guarantee his/her appearance before any court. Bail may be given in the form of corporate
security, property bond, cash deposit, or recognizance.22. R.A. No. 9344 - The Act creating the
Juvenile Justice and Welfare Act of 2006.23. Article 40 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights
of the Child - the State recognizes the right of every child alleged as, accused of, adjudged, or
recognized as, having infringed the penal law to be treated in a manner consistent with the
promotion of the child's sense of dignity and worth, taking into account the child's age and
desirability of promoting his/her reintegration.24. R.A. No. 9344 should be construed liberally in favor
of the child in conflict with the law.Juvenile Delinquency Reviewer 4Juvenile Delinquency Definition
of Terms

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Preview text

Juvenile Delinquency Reviewer 1

A Person under the age of 18 years. A. Child B. Teenager C. Adolescent D. Adult

Refers to a Child who is vulnerable to and at the risk of committing criminal offenses because of
personal, family, social circumstances. A. Teenager at Risk B. Minor at Risk C. Child at Risk D. Adolescent
at Risk

Refers to a Child who is alleged as accused of or adjudged as having committed an offense under
Philippine laws. A. Teenager In Conflict with the law B. Minor In Conflict with the law C. Child In Conflict
with the law D. Adolescent In Conflict with the law

Known as the Juvenile Justice Welfare Act of 2006. A. R. No. 7610 B. R. No. 9165 C. R. No. 9344 D. R. No.
8344

Under the Juvenile Justice Welfare Act, Children under the following age are exempted from criminal
responsibility A. 9 yrs. and below as well as over 9 yrs. but below

B. 12 yrs. and below as well as over 12 yrs. but below 15.

C. 15 yrs. and below as well as over 15 yrs. but below 21.

D. 15 yrs. and below as well as over 15 yrs. but below 18.

The Mental Capacity of a child to understand the difference between what is right or wrong and the
consequences of his acts. A. Motive B. Discernment C. Intent D. Knowledge

An Alternative child-appropriate process of determining the responsibility and treatment of a CICL. A.

Diversion B. Parole C. Probation D. Home Detention

Known as the Child and Youth Welfare Code. A. R. No 9344 B. P. No. 603 C. R. No. D. R. No. 8369

Known as the The Special Protection of Children againsts Child abuse, Exploitation, and Discrimination
Act of

A. R. No. 9344 B. R. No. 7610 C. R. No. 8369 D. P. No. 603

An Act establishing family courts which grants family courts exclusive original jurisdiction over cases
involving children. A. R. No. 7610 B. R. No. 8369 C. R. No. 9344 D. P. No. 603

Answer:

person below the age at which ordinary criminal prosecution is possible. A. Juvenile Delinquency B.
Juvenile Delinquent C. Children In Conflict With The Law D. Child Offender

The Age at which the rights and privileges of an adult are legally granted. A. Manhood B. Adolescence C.
Adulthood D. Age Of Majority
An Action that is prohibited only to and most often applied to offenses only committed by minors. A.
Minor Offenses B. City Ordinances C. Status Offenses D. Misdemeanor

The Period following the onset of puberty during which a young person develops from a child into an
adult. A. Adolescence B. Adulthood C. Teenager D. Manhood

The Period during which adolescents reach sexual maturity and become capable of reproduction. A.
Adulthood B. Puberty C. Teenager D. Majority

A Category of Crime that includes among others crimes, Robbery, Theft, Carnapping, Arson, Shoplifting,
and Vandalism. A. Minor Crimes B. Status Offenses

C. Violent Crime D. Property Crimes

A Crime in which the offender uses or threatens to use violent force upon the victim. A. Status Offenses
B. Violent Crimes C. Serious Crimes D. Major Crimes

Any Intentional Unauthorized absence from compulsory schooling. A. Truancy B. Deviancy C. Kickout D.
Dropout

Answer:

A
D

Juvenile Delinquency Reviewer 3

Probable Sources of Board Exam Questions in Juvenile Delinquency

Victimless Crimes - refers to offenses where there is no private offended party.

Youth Rehabilitation Center - refers to a 24-hour residential care

amended.

Law Enforcement Officer - refers to the person in authority or his/her agent as defined in Article 152 of
the Revised Penal Code, including a barangay tanod.

Juvenile Justice and Welfare System - refers to a system dealing with children at risk and children in
conflict with the law, which provides child-appropriate proceedings, including programs and services for
prevention, diversion, rehabilitation, re- integration and aftercare to ensure their normal growth and
development.

Intervention - refers to a series of activities which are designed to address issues that caused the child to
commit an offense. It may take the form of an individualized treatment program which may include
counseling, skills training, education, and other activities that will enhance his/her psychological,
emotional and psycho-social well-being.
Initial Contact With the Child - refers to the apprehension or taking into custody of a child in conflict
with the law by law enforcement officers or private citizens.

Diversion Program - refers to the program that the child in conflict with the law is required to undergo
after he/she is found responsible for an offense without resorting to formal court proceedings.

Diversion - refers to an alternative, child-appropriate process of

determining the responsibility and treatment of a child in conflict with the law on the basis of higher
social, cultural, economic, psychological or educational background without resorting to formal court
proceedings.

Deprivation of Liberty - refers to any form of detention or imprisonment, or to the placement of a child
in conflict with the law in a public or private custodial setting, from which the child in conflict with the
law is not permitted to leave at will by order of any judicial or administrative authority.

Court - refers to a family court or, in places where there are no family courts, any regional trial court.

Community-based Programs - refers to the programs provided in a community setting developed for
purposes of intervention and diversion, as well as rehabilitation of the child in conflict with the law, for
reintegration into his/her family and/or community.

Child in Conflict with the Law - refers to a child who is alleged as, accused of, or adjudged as, having
committed an offense under Philippine laws.

Child at Risk - refers to a child who is vulnerable to and at the risk of committing criminal offenses
because of personal, family and social circumstances.
Child - refers to a person under the age of eighteen (18) years.

Adjudicated delinquent: A youth who has been found by a judge in juvenile court to have committed a
violation of the criminal law, that is, a delinquent act judge can formally adjudicate the youth as an
initial step before imposing a disposition (a sentence or punishment), or the judge can decide not to
adjudicate the youth and instead impose conditions that, if met, will result in dismissal of the charges.

Adjudicatory hearing: The fact finding (trial) phase of a juvenile case in which a judge receives and
weighs evidence before deciding whether a delinquency or status offense has been proven beyond a
reasonable doubt.

Aggravating factors: Factors to be considered that may increase the seriousness of the offense, such as
prior offenses, weapon use, heinous nature of crime, and threats to victims or witnesses.

Arrest: A law enforcement officer charges an offender with a criminal act or violation of law and takes
the offender into custody based on probable cause.

Conflict resolution: Use of communication skills and creative thinking to develop voluntary solutions that
are acceptable to disputants.

Continuum of care: A broad array of juvenile justice programs and services ranging from prevention
programs for young

children and youth at risk of delinquency to intervention programs serving high-risk youth in secure
residential settings.

Curfew: A local ordinance that requires, under specific conditions and exceptions, a specific group of
persons (usually juveniles under a certain age) to refrain from unsupervised activities after a designated
hour within the confines of a selected area, city, or county.
Custody; Taken into custody: Being in the care of a criminal or juvenile justice agency or official or being
taken into custody by a law enforcement officer pursuant to the laws of arrest if the juvenile were an
adult and the offense is criminal in nature.

Delinquency prevention programs: Programs and services designed to keep at-risk youth from entering
the juvenile justice system.

Delinquent act: Any act committed by a youth that would be a criminal violation if committed by an
adult.

Delinquent juvenile: A youth who has been found responsible for having committed a delinquent act--
the equivalent of being found guilty of a criminal offense.

Detention: In custody (secure, non-secure, or home confinement) while awaiting an adjudication

hearing, disposition, or commitment placement.

Detention hearing: A judicial hearing generally required to be

recommended action to be taken in the best interests of the youth, the family, and the community.

Juvenile delinquency program: Any program or activity related to juvenile delinquency prevention,
control, diversion, intervention,treatment, rehabilitation, planning, education, training, and research.

Mediation: A process by which a neutral third person, or mediator, encourages and facilitates the
resolution of a dispute between two or more parties. It is an informal process designed to help the
disputants reach a mutually acceptable and voluntary agreement. Decision making authority rests with
the parties. The role of the mediator includes, but is not limited to, helping the parties identify issues,
fostering joint problem solving, and exploring settlement alternatives.
Mentoring: Generally involves providing support and guidance to and spending time on a regular basis
with a youth. Mentoring activities can include participating in sports, playing games, shopping, taking
hikes, helping with homework, and doing chores.

Protective factors: Factors that help to reduce the impact of risk factors in a young person's life.

Risk factors: Certain problem behaviors present risk factors in a young person's life that may contribute
to later delinquency. A few examples include the availability of drugs and

firearms in the community, family conflict, and friends who engage in problem behaviors.

Status offenses: Non-criminal offenses only applicable to children--for example, being truant, running
away from home, possessing alcohol or cigarettes, or violating curfew.

Truant: A young person who is absent from school without permission or authorization.

Victimization: The result of a planned or accidental act that causes physical or psychological harm.

Violent crime: Crimes of violence include rape, robbery, assault, or murder.

Juvenile Delinquency Definition Of Terms

4 Major Theories That Explain Existence Of Delinquency

Demonological/Pre-Classical – Possessed by spirits – before.

Classical

Positivist

Gotical
Abandoned Child – Is one who has no proper parental care or guardianship or whose parents or
guardians have deserted him for a period of at least 6 continuous months.

Age Of Enlightenment – 18th century.

Borstals – Youth Custody Centers and detention center.

Cesare Lombroso – Father of Criminology.

Common Detected Young Persons Crime

Shoplifting

Idea Of Determination – Any act committed awaits an explanation to the natural world.

Jeremy Bentham – Introduced punishment of imprisonment.

JJS – Juvenile Justice System

Juvenile – person/Minors/Youth whose mental and emotional faculty has not been fully developed.

Juvenile Delinquent – Person commits any act of delinquency.

Juvenile Diversion – Offender is removed from JJS and diverted to other government programs.

Labelling Theory -
Internationalist Perspective – any youth who commits a crime should be left alone

Social Perspective

Neglected Child – is one whose basic needs have been deliberately unattended or inadequately
attended.

Neo-Classical Theory – Modified the classical theory, excepted the child and lunatics from punishment.

Parental Authority/Partia Potestos – Rights and obligations which parents have in relation to the persons
and property of their children until their emancipation and even after this under certain circumstances.

PD 603 – Child and Youth Welfare Code – Approval – Dec,

Effectivity – June 10,

Police – Prime mover of JJS

Backbone of CJS

Poverty – Means the condition of that group whose income is low, therefore, the standard of living is
not enough to maintain normal health and efficiency.

Some Causes of Poverty Which Could Be One Of The Causes Of Crime

Physical Environment

Unfavorable Economic Condition

Social Environment

Defects in Government

Defects in Education
Proponent of Classical Theory

Jeremy Bentham

Cesare Beccaria

Proponents Of Positivist/Italian Theory

Cesare Lombroso

Enrico ferri

Rafael Garofalo

RA 6809 – 18 years old - age of majority.

RA 8669 – Law which created the family court.

Truancy – Frequent Absences

Types Of Delinquents

Occasional Delinquent

The Gang Delinquent

Mal Adjusted delinquent

Welfare Model – Is the positivistic approach which holds that young offenders should be helped rather
than punished.

William Bonger – Social Conflict Theory – society is composed of the ruling class and the ruled class.

Young Offenders Fall Into Two Categories

Juveniles

Young Adults – at least 17

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