(-;!1 WJ.iiMS f L J-.:m:!il•'.td.IiM•fiJ1.

ill•1®-i ~ I3
GROUP IIIA AND GROUP 7. Which is used in the leather industry?
CHAPTER-3 IVA ELEMENTS (SWL) - 14,(GUJ-G2)- 15,(BWP-G2)-18
BBorax (B)Bon c ac,d(C)Bonc ox1de(D)Tetra Bone acid
1111r t n1, •• :J11,: ,., c, t •t•i fi •c,1: tte®fi~ 8. Borax has the chemical formula:
A KN0 3 (B) NaNO .
(BWP-Gl)-17

3.1 GROUP IIIA ELEMENTS Na784O7. l0H2O D Na, CO ; -H , O

I
No MC~' s has been taken from this to e1c , 3.2.2 Bu, 11.. "'-'us
3.1.1 •
1.
•J,;:,; rn ,rna, ;M ,.,_. ri:t·ti i m
The chief ore of aluminum 1s:
1
,, ,i
(GUJ -Gl),(RWP)-14
1
,,, • • 9. Boric acid cannot be used:
Ex.(vii)
(LHR),(BWP)-14
(SGD)-15,(AJK)-16,(FBD)-17,(GU J)-18
(LHR-Gl)-19
Ex.(x) (LHR-G1),(SGD),(BWP),(SGD - G1),(GUJ - G2) - 15
A As antiseptic 1n medicine (B)For washing eyes
( FBD-Gl ) ,( SGD-Gl )-16,( DGK-G2) - 17, ( BWP-Gl ),(SWL)-18
(LHR- G2),(SWL) - 19 In soda bottles D For Enamals and Glazes

(A) Na 1 AI Ft, I
Al 2 0 3 .2H, 0 (C ) Al 2 0 1 (D ) Al ;, O 3.H7 0 3.3 Rl:A\.. I IUN:t UI"' ALUl"UNUPI

.IN
10. Aluminum reacts with nitrogen to form:

m
2. Tincal is a mineral of: (FBD-G2),(MTN - G2),(BWP)-14
( MTN-G2),( LHR - G 1 ),( FBD -G 1 ),(SWL)-16 (LHR-G2)-14

co
Ex.(ix) (BWP-Gl)-17(GUJ -G1),(RWP- G2) - 17, ( D) Al~N 6
(AJK),(SGD-G2)~WP)-19

k.
11. Aluminum oxide is:
(A)AI (B)C (C)S1 ~B Ex.(ii) (LHR)-14,(MTN),(RWP),(BWP) ,( LHR-G2)-15
3. Kaol in is a mineral of: ~(LHR - Gl) - 14 (MTN-G2),(SGD-G1 )-17,(LHR)-18
sp
(A)Carbon ( B) Magn ~s!u m (C)Si11conL~ 1-A:1u_m in ium .(fil Acidic oxide (B ) Barie oxide
4. Chem ical compos1t1on of colemamte 1s. (SJ Amphoteric oxide (D)None of these
te

Ex .(iii) (SGD ) - 14,( BWP-G2)-17,( MTN-G l) - 18 12. Which element forms an ion with charge 3+:
(MTN -Gl) - 19 Ex.(iv) (MTN), (SGD-G2)-15
no

(flca,B6 0 11 . 5H 70 (B) Ca B➔ 0 , .4H 2 0 (DGK-Gl ),( DGK-G2)-19

(C) Na , B.0 ,.4H 7 0 (D) CaNa~~Qq. 8H)O (A) Beryll ium m
Alum inum (C ) Carbon (D) SIiicon
s. Which of the following elements 1s not t,\ese1 '1 13. Which metal is used in the Thermite process
abundantly in earth's crust? because of its reactivity:
Ex.(viii} (LHR-G 1),(LHR-G2),( MTN-Gl) - 17,(SGD)- 18 Ex.(i) (GUJ)-14,(MTN-G2), (DGK-Gl),(RWP)-15

....
(FBD-G2) - 19 (LHR-G1),(DGK-G1),(LHR-G2), (AJK)-16
D Ox en (SGD-G2),(SWL),( DGK-Gl )-17,( MTN-G2),( LHR-G2)-18
(A
~~~~~ ( BWP-G2),( BWP-Gl ) ,( MTN - G 2),( GUJ-G2)-19
3.2 (A Iron B Co er Aluminum D Zinc
Borax 3.4
I
3.2.1 (Sodium TetraborateNa2B4O1.10H2O) 14. Which element among the following belongs to
6. The aqueous solution of Borax: group IV-A of the periodic table:
(SWL)-14,( GUJ-G2)-15,(BWP-G2)- 18 Ex.(vil (LHR-Gl)-16,(RWP-Gl)-17,(FBD -Gl )-19
(A) Acidic [CJ Alkaline (C) Amphotenc (D) Manual (A)barium (8) Iodine Ii Lead (D) Oxyg en

--
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tiIH _______ __ __ __ •·
_ _ _____ • 1ESTION BANK
·
COMPOUNDS OF CARBON AND SILICON
Silicates and their Uses 4. How will you prepare Borax from colemanite and
Boric acid? (RWP) , (DGK -G2} -14
15. Wh ich one of following is used in cosmetics? Ans: Preparation of borax from Colemanite:
(DGK-G2)-15
: • I• I
Ca 2 B6 0 11 + 2Na 2 C0 3 -- --) 2 CaC0 3 , 2NaBO _ · Na _. 8 .0
l Borax )
Na B C) , is rea cted with carbon dioxide to prr pare 11 rL
3.7 USES OF LEAD COMPOUNDS IN PAINTS bo rax along with sod ium carbonate.
16. Chemica ormu a o it arge 1s: · !+ NaBO~ + CO, ➔ Nu~CU, + Nu .8/J .
ii) Preparation of borax from Boric acid:
SHORT QUESTION S (SQs) 4 H3B0 3 + Na 2 C0 3 - -~ > Na 2B40 7 6 H ,t CO

GROUP IIIA ELEMENTS 5. Write chemical formula of:

i) Carnallite ii) Borax (M l N - Gl) -1 4
Ans: i) Carnallite (KCI. MgCl 2 .6H20 )
i 3.1.1

m
ii) Borax ( Nu ,8/ J.. I( II () J

co
1. Give the formulas of different acids of Boron?
OR Write formulas of (SG D-Gl)-15 6. What happens when Borax is he ,ted with NH 4 CI?
Ans : Reaction of Borax with NH 4 fl: (BWP) - 14

k.
(i) Coleman_ite (i_i.)~~oli te
2BN . f 20 ' 4H 0

r
Ans: (SGD-G2)-16 ,( LH ~~}j!18,(LH R-Gl)-19 Na 2B40 7 2 NH.i CI - - 2NaCI
•;us, 11® •,.,,," e+~
I

m, i;,,, rn" ®'+,;.,,

r
sp
■; ,t, ., 1
, 7. W ri te four LJses of Bora:,c _l (GJJ) (DGK ·Gl )- 14

-~~ (MTN-Gl), (DGK- Gl),(GU ~- GJ ) - 15,(D :i K G2) , ( RY. P) - 16

te

Borax or Tincal Na,B~O, .lOH~~ .. (DGK-G2) - 17,(RWP }, (~TN-G2 •- 1 , ,{LHR -Gl) - 19

/ o~:~=~~;: id ca,s~~~~~~ J Ans: Uses of Borax:.

no

i) Borax is used in so -~e ninl of wa ter.

I ii) It is used in met all ur 1icai op ~rations .
f---------t- -- iii) It is used in leather ir du~try for t ann ing an I dyei ng .
Cryolite _Na~AIF~ l _ iv) It is used in making"' ast ing powders.
2. · Write down formulas of. - -- v) It is used in Borax Bt ad Test for he detectio n of
( i) Kaolin (Pottery olay)(ii) Zircon (M TN-G2)- 19 metallic cati ons.
Ans: Kaol in : Al 20 3 . 2Si02 . 2H 20 8. What is chemistry of B•)rax bead te ;t ?
Zircon : ZrSi0 4 OR Give chemistry of B >ra < bead test.
3. Write down the chemical formulae of minerals. OR Write down the ct-en,ical reacti o -1s involved in
a) Ka(!lin (b) Cryol_ite {SDG-G2}-19 Borax beat test.

l
Ans: a) Kaolin:
b) Cryolite:
Ab0 3 . 25102 . 2H20
Na3AIF6
COMPOUN DS OF BORON
( SWL)-14,(DG K-Gl),{GUJ }- 1 - ,(FBD-Gl)-18 , , HWP-G2) - l 'l
Ans : Chemistry of Borax Beao Test:
Bora x, w hen fused, is decomposl ·d into sodium
metaborate and boric an 1yc ide.
Borax (Sodium Tetraborat e 38
.;.,.....;.=a=,_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.,_, 39
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --
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til:.U! i'-i i ~,11 E~ ar:a l•h•11i-•iiJ 4.id•j ~It, ~m t-1: I~ !J ti i:ta ( ll!llll•'.lh51•!'.d1iJl•i•14ill!iIIJ1&.◄
Na_,B4 O 1 > 2 NaBOJ , B7 O 3
13. Justify the 601ubility of borax changes with
The metall ic oxide fo rm ed from the substance, und er temperature. (LHR-G2)-17
exa mination , combines with 870 3 giving the coloured Ans: Borax 1s a wh ite crystal line solid . It ,s sparingly solubl e ,n
metall ic borates . With cupri c oxide, the beads are cold water bu t 1s more solu ble in hot water . 100 grams
colo ured blu e in the oxidizi ng flam e because cupric of water di ssolve 3 gram s of decahydrate at 10cc and
borates are blu e in colour . 99 .3 gram at 100°(.
CuO , B2O 3 > Cu(BO 2 )i 14. What is the action of aqueous solution of borax
on litmus? Ex.0.4 (RWP -Gl) - 17
9. Write the reaction of Borax with H 2SO4? Ans: Aqu eous solution of borax is ba sic due to the reaction :
OR What happens when borax is heated with H2SO 4.
.\ ·u .lJJJ- r- 7 1/ .{} -- ~ 2 \ u - :. ()// - -HI /J()
(LHR-Gl)-14, (RWP)-15
Ans: Reaction of Borax with H2SO4: Due to the forniation of base, the aq ueous solution of
borax t urn s litm us blue.
Na 2B4 O 7 · H2 SO 4 + 5 r.1 2O - - ➔ Na 2SO 4 + 4 H3BO 3
15. Write formulas of colemanite and Bauxite.
10. How borax can be converted to orthoboric acid?

m
(MTN-Gl)-17
OR Write equations to show, how borax can be Ans: Colema nite Ca , BA0 ,, .5 1--1 ,O, Bauxite \ I () ..~II()

co
converted to orthoboric acid by HCI and H2SO4.
OR How H3BO 3 can be prepared from borax? 16. How Borax is used as water softening agent?

k.
{LHR-G2)-14,(MTN-G2)-15,(RWP-G1)-17,(LHR-G1)-18 (FBD-G2),(SG 9 -G1)-19
Ans: Hardness in water is because of Ca 2 - and Mg - . Borax
Ans: Borax - ------ Orthoboric acid: has ability to remove Ca 2 • and Mg 2 - ions fro m wate r as
sp
Na 2B4 O 7 T 2HCl + SH 2 O --4 2NaCI + 4H 3BO 3 calcium tetra bera te and magnes ium tetrabora te .
Ca · · Na 2B 10 7 ➔ CaB 4 O , - 2Na
2
te

Na 2B4 O7 - H2SO 4 + 5 H2O ---➔ Na 2SO 4 -r 4 H3BO 3

Na 2B 4 O 7 ➔ MgB O 7
2
Mg , - 2Na
11. Why aqueQUS solution of Borax is alkaline in 4
no

nature? (AJK),(LHR-Gl)-15, (LHR-G l )-16

17. Give balanced equations to represent the
following reactions:
( DGK-G 1 )-17,(SWL)-18,(DGK-G2 )-19
(a) Borax is heated with Cao
Ans: Aqueous solution of Borax: (b) AhO3 is heated with NaOH solution (BWP-G2)-19
Aqueous solution of Bora x is alkaline in nat ure due to
Ans: (a) Na 2B4 Q7 + Cao ➔ Ca(B0 2 ) .... 2NaB0 2
hydrolysis. i.e.
Na 2B4 O 7 - 7H 2O --4 2 NaOH 4H 3BO 3 (b) Al2C3 + 2NaOH ➔ 2NaAI02 + H20
T
r- -
(strong alkali) (Weak acid)
l J.2.2 Boric Acids .
12. What is Borax Bead Test? (GUJ-Gl)-15 18. How does orthoboric acid react with:
Ans: Borax Bead Test is a test used to identify metallic i) Ethyl alcohol ii) NaOH
cations from the color of heads they from when they Ex.0.7 (LHR-G1)-14,(LHR-G2)-15,( SWL)-16
react with fused borax . This test is based upon the fact (BWP-G2),(LHR-G1)-17,(BWP-G1), (MTN-G2), (GUJ-Gl)-18
that same metal catons from color beads on reacting (SGD-Gl),( LHR-G2),(DGK-G2)-19
with B 0 1 •
Ans: Reactions of Boric acid with C2H5 0H:

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 40 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 41
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 [II: i4~ Iti i;td f llll!Olll!] :.5 i•! •ti i :il•TII] 4-i I (I]~- :fj~(!t (i:14~itii:taf IBa,1:.S i•JitilX •i•Jtiic•j~1:tj~l3
H3B03 ~ 3C2H50H - -- ► (C2Hr, h B03 + 3H20 H3B0 3 ... H20 ►[B(OH) 4 ] • H
( Ethyl bora te)
23. How boric acid can be prepared from colemanite .
Reactions of Boric acid with Na OH: (LHR-G2)-16,(GUJ-G1)-19
Give equation.
4H 380 3 + 2NaOH - - - Na 2 B4 0 7 + 7H 2 0 Ans: Preparatio n of Boric acid from Colemanit e:
Borax
19. Give the formulas of four boric acids with names? Ca2B50 11 .SH20 + 2S02 + 4H20 - ---► 2caS0 3 +- 6H3B03
Ans: (LHR-G2),(DGK-G1)-14,(BWP-G1)-17,(RWP-G1)-18 24. Why boric acid can't be titrated by NaOH?
(SGD-G1), (DGK-G2) ,(DGK-G1) ,(MTN-G2) ,(FBD-G2) -19 . . . (DGK-Gl)-1 6
i) Orthoboric acid (H 3 B0 3 ) ii) Meta boric acid (HB0 2 ) Ans: Bone acid being a weak acid can't be titrated with
alkalies in ~he usual manner. In the presence of glycerol,
iii) Tetraboric acid(H2 B4 0 7 ) iv) Pyroboric acid(H6 B4 0 9 ) however, 1t can be titrated against a standard alkali
using phenolphthalein as an indicator.
20. What is actioEx.Q.n of heat on orthoboric acid,
H3803? ( GUJ-Gl )- :15,(SGD-G 1 )-16 25. Why are borate glazes preferred over silicate
glazes? (LHR-G2)- 19
(SGD-G1),(RWP-G2)-17,(BWP-G2)-18
( MTN-G 1),( FBD-G 1)-19 Ans: Boric Acid is used in pottery as a glaze because borate

m
glazes are more fusible than silicate glazes . Th ey also
Ans: Action of Heat on H 380 3: When heated strongly,

co
posses a higher coefficient of expansion .
H3 B0 3 swells to frothy mass losing water molecules . It is
26. Write down chemical formulae of minerals.
first converted into Metaboric acid then to tetraboric acid (DGK-Gl)-1 9

k.
(i) Emerald (ii) Gibbsite
and finally to boric anhydride. Ans: Emerald: AIF 2 Si04
r - -_ _Gibbsite: Al OH 3 or Al 2 0 3 3H 20
sp
H3B0 3 - - - - HB0 2 + H2 0
100° C ( Metabonc acrd)
3 .3
te

+ H2 0
14-00-c-►
4 HB0 2 -- H2B4 0 7
(Tetrabonc acrd)
27. How Aluminum reacts with aqueous sodium
hydroxide ?
no

OR What happens when Al is dissolved in NaOH?

(DGK-G2)- 14, (BWP)-15, (SGD-Gl)-1 6,(MTN-Gl )-18
(FBD-G2)-1 9
21. What are uses of Boric acid?
Ex.0.17( c) (AJK)-JS,(SWL),(SGD-Gl )- l. 7,(DGK-G1 )-18 Ans: 2 AI + 2NaOH + 6H 2 0 - ---+ 2NaAl(OH) 4 + 3H 2
(BWP-G2),(AJK)-19
28. How Aluminum reacts with H 2 S04?
Ans: i) Boric acid is used in medicines as an antisepti c, e. g.
. (GUJ)-14,(S GD-G1)-16 ,(DGK-G2)- 18
dusting powder, boric ointment and boric solu tion is
(FBD-G2),(AJK)-19
used as an eye-wash.
ii ) It is used in pottery as a glaze because borate glazes are Ans: Reaction of Al with H 2S04:
more fusible than silicate glazes and possess a higher 2Al + 6H 2 SO 4 --► Al 2 (SO 4) 3 + 6H 2 O + 3SO 2
coefficient of expansion.
iii) It is also used in candle industry for stiffening of wicks . 29. Give any four uses of Aluminium .
{MTN-Gl)- 16 (SGD-G2)-1 6,(GUJ)-17 ,{MTN-G2), (GUJ-G l)-18
22. How does H380 3 act as an acid?
Ans: Uses of Aluminium :
Ans: Orth oboric (H 3 B0 3 ) is a very wea k acid and ionizes to a
very limited extent mainly as a monobasic add.
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[ij:]4!JtiJ~td lll!!JaWSI•!•tii W•i•1ii,Ma ;f.ilra ~ [:{ill.··dltd t ~ I] ;!ii•! OCi i ¥ •16~JilllW13
( SGD-G2),(MTN -G2) - 17,(SGD- G1)-18
i) Al umini um is non-magnetic and is thus used in
navigational equ ipm ent. Ans: Carbon behaves differen tly from the rem aining members
of group remaining members of group IVA in th e
1i ) It is good re ducing agent and can thus be used for this
fo ll owing respects.
purpose in the chemic:a l and steel industries .
i) Carbon and sil icon are non -metals Nhtle the other
ii i) It is non -toxic and can be used for making food and members of the family are meta llo1ds or metals .
brewing equipment and in packaging.
ii) Catenation or self-lin kag e ca rb on has a tendency to form
iv) Alumin ium readily forms alloys with other metals like
long chains of identical atoms . The type of linkag e of
copper, magnesium, nickel and zinc.
and 1dent1ca l atoms with each other 1~ called caten ation or
30. How aluminum reacts with dilute
self linkage. The property of ca tenation decre ases on
concentrated sulphuric acid? (LHR-62)-17
ma ny down the group from carbon to lead .
Ans: Alum inum does not react with dilute sulphuric acid but is JS. Give four common properties of elements of
oxidized by strong hot sulphuric acid as follows: group IVA of periodic table. (FBD) -17,( GUJ-Gl) -18
2A I + 61-1 ,SOI ~ A l~(SOIL + 61--1 ,0 + 3SO , Ans: Properties of elements of group IVA :
i) All elements of group IVA show a valency of fou r.
31. Aluminum sheets are said to be corrosion free. They all form hyd rides MH ~
(MTN-62)-17 ii)
Why?

m
ii i) They all form tetra ch lorides MCl-1
Ans: Wh en a piece of aluminum sheet is exposed to moist air

co
iv) T~ all for m dioxi de MO
it a_cqu ires a thin , continuous coat ing of aluminum oxide,
w hich prevents further attack on the metal by : 3 .5 l£•giS•11 B1·fJ•]IJ;i;J:t·BCB 1·lii'ti·BI
k.
atmospheric oxygen and wa ter under normal cond itions. r
Because of this alumin um sheets are said to be 3.5 .1 -,_ ~ .Structure of Oxides of carbon
I
sp
corrosion free . 36 . Write down the structure of CO and CO , ?
32. Aluminium is not found in free state give reason. Ans : i ) Structure of CO: (MTN-G l )-15, ( BWP -G2 )-18
(GUJ-62)-19
te

Carbon monoxide 1s diatom ic molecu le r, a . ...,; ·-;::: e

Ans: Alum inum does not exist in free state because it is bon d between the two atoms. It is very sl1ghtlv cc12r.
highly reactive meta l. It is third most abunda nt element
Electronic Structu re of CO :
no

of earth crust and mostly foun d in the form of alumina

silicates. ·c'' L,---
, ~
33. How and under co hat conditions does aluminium
react with oxygen and hydrogen? (BWP-Gl) - 19 ii) Structure of CO 2 :
Ans: Reaction with oxygen: It has linear, face- cente red cubic struc~ure .
If t he alum inum powder is heated at 800°C and above,
the metal will rea ct with air to form Al 20 3 .
4AI + 30 2 ➔ 2AIH 3
37 . Why CO 2 is acid ic in character?
3.4 GROUP IVA ELE~ENTS Ex .O.l0(b ) ( RWP) -1 5, (DGK- G2)-16,( SGD - G1)- 19
34. In what respects, carbon behaves differently from An s: Acidic character of CO 2 :
other members of group IV-A? It is an ac idic oxide because wnen 1t ,s dissol ved in
OR Give peculiar behaviour of carbon with IV A group water it form carbonic acid as shown below .
elements. Give two points of differences. ► H CO ,
Ex,0.15 (FBD-G2),(GU J)-14,(GUJ-G2 )-15

. -------
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 •l:lh•'! •t\1 W•iil¥,,t,1~ i:fJ~ ~:14!) L"J i ~\'dt llf'fli atJ:Al•! •i.i1 W•iil i·nt•J! i:}jn~1
38 Explain structu re of C0 1 7 (L HR G l ) - 1 5
An .) bond, cJ ,n i '"'9'• d 1 ' , ..,,or, wn1c~ fT1d l-' ~s 1,con d1o x dP
.-1 ' .: , J.-- l" \t~ ,n •nt 9d'-t'OU 'i c.. tatP a•, 11rH ,,. a rdlhrr hdrd '-01 d '.,Jb'..t.-rr,
T'\ ~ , '1(' obst?r\ ed C O bond d,q df1( r IC, I l
S p rr 41 . Wr ite fou r proper ties of v,tre,ous silica.
~ "" dgre-en1t>nl w1tl th1 '"lt1 uLtur1"' c,huwn
Solid r O ( BWP - G 1 )- 17,( DGK
• a, d f~cr u~ntered tub,c c; truct urr· Being linear 1l\ Ans: v itreous silica hat, follON ng ntrr,·rt ,...,~ ,..r0prrt cs· Gl )- 19
J1po P monwnt ,~ Zt'ro ,) High transpar()ncy to 11ght
11 ) Highly refrdc.tory do,~s not so'1Pr bl' rm 1500 1600 C
111 ) Hard , brittle dnd Plastic
0 :· C •• 0 1v) Lav, coefficie nt of therrndl P.<pdr-<, or
42. What is vitreous silica? (L HR -Gl ),( DGK -Gl )- 18
Ans : When crys ta lline c;il1cd s hf'dtPd t rrr_ ·s and viscous
l1 qu1d having a random structurf' s form~ Wnen th is
liquid 1s cooled, 1t dOt'S not cr {Std I ze ·Pad ,y, but
1t
39 . Why CO 2 is non-po lar in nature ? undercools and without having ,.mdergo r-e orPntat1on
Ex .Q.l0(a ) (SGD- G2) - 15,(BW P-G1) - 19
into a regu lar er1stal pa ttern T.., s r 9"' f ~0dercooled
Ans : Non-p olar Nature of CO 2: The bonds may ri gid 11 Ul d IS called vitreous ~1lica or s1l,ca r d SS
have

m
polanty out the molecul e 1s non-po la r because there are 3.5.3

co
2 oxygen atoms of equal electronegativ1ty pu lling
electron density from the carbon at 180 degrees from
43. Write four uses of sodium silicate ?
each other, resultin g in no net d1fferent1a l charge 1n any Ex .O.21( e)(LHR -G 1 ),( FB0 -G2),( DGK · G2)-14 ,{ DGK

k.
-G 2)- 15
d1rect1on 1n this linear symme tri c triatomic molecul e (AJK),( MTN - G2),( LHR-G 1, 2)-16,( MTN-G 2 ),( SGD- G
1 )- 18
Ans: Uses of Sodium Silicate:
sp
0 C 0 i) Sodium Silicate 1s used in textile as a fire proof .
Ind1v1dual d1 ole momen ts are cancelled out. ii) It is used as a filler for soap in soap industrv
te

3.5 .2 iii) It 1s used as furn iture polish .

1v) It 1s also used 1n cal ico printing .
40.
no

Why is CO 2 a gas at room tempe rature ?While Si02

44. What is meant by chemical garden ?
is a solid? (LHR- Gl),(RW P),(MT N - Gl),(SW L)- 14
(LHR-G l) ,(MTN- Gl), (Dt<G·G 1),( LHR-G2 )· 14
Ex .O.11 ( SGD - G 1 ),(SGD- G2) - 15,(AJK ),( FBD- Gl) -
16 (SWL)- 16, (LHR-G l)-17 ,(LHR-G 2) ,( GUJ -G2)- 18
( RWP- G1),(FB D-G1) - 17,(MT N-G2), (LHR- Gl) - 18
(GUJ-G 2),(LHR -G2),(M TN - G2)-19 {LHR·G 1 ),( SWL )- 19
Ans: Chemi cal garden : When crystals of soluble coloure
Ans : CO , a gas at room temper ature due to the differen d
t way salts like nickel chloride , ferrous sulphot e, copper
the carbon and sil icon atoms bond to th e oxygen atoms.
sulphate or coba lt nitrate, etc. are placed 1n a solution
In ca rbon d1ox1de, each carbon atom is bonded to two of
sodium sili cate, they prod uce a very beautifu l growth
oxygen · atoms by double bonds, which results in single
like, plant, wh ich is cal led chem ical garden .
li near molecule of CO2 .
45. What is talc or soapstone? Give its uses?
In stl1con d1ox1de, each si licon atom is bonded by
a (BWP)- 14,(SW L)-19
si ngle covalen t bond to 4 oxygen atoms, each of which
Ans: Definit ion: The magnesium silicate Mg3H2(S
1s covalen tly bonded to anoth er si licon atom ,whi ch forms 10 1)41 s
commo nly known as ta lc or soapstone which 1s greasy
d larg e net of atoms bonded to each to
other. The touch .
Pmp1ri cal formula 1s S10 2 , but th e atom s are covalen
tly Uses of soapst one:
- - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - 46
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 _·- tWI..-,m,w
t~:l:t~-i £MS .· .WW,ilJ.4
~~~-- ~ -- -- -~ I ~t, ~ I!1
--ut•J
(W£afifil'dLLEJll.ili51•! •il iW•i•l ti, t,1~ ■ ;ti~ I3
i) Soapstone ,s used in making cosm_et1cs. j reddishyellow in colour .
k : colour.
') It ,s used ,n mci h.1119 household articles.
~6. How weathering_ of pota_ssium ~eldspar ta es , (i i) H is use? to makeI (ii) It i~ used to make
place? Give chemical equation also. , porcelain and ~hina wares._1 cera_mic articles
. (GUJ)-14,(SW L)-19
3.5.4 Silicones
Ans: weathering of Potassium Feldspar: the
nd h 51. What are silicones? Write their two uses?
The boi ling and free zin g of water in the rocks a
chemical action of water and CO 2 conve_ rt _t e Ex.0.21 (MTN-Gl),(LH R-Gl)-14,(FBO -Gl)-16,(SWL) - 17
compounds conta ining aluminum into potassium (BWP-G1),(BW P-G2)-18,(RWP ),(AJK) · 19
carbonate, sand and cla y, called weathering of Ans: Definition: A polym er conta ini ng silicon - oxygen chai ns
potassium feldspar . and alkyl groups attached to silicon atoms are call ed
Chemical equation: silicones.
Uses of silicones:
K .O.Al ,Oo- 6Si0 2 , C0 3
H_ H20 -- -,
A silicone film covers the surface and repels water like a
· ,-
i)
K,C0 _,_ 4Si0 2 r Al ~0 3 .( Si0 2 h-2H 2 0 grease film.
3
(DGK-Gl)-16 ii) Much of the leak of electricity through the moisture film
What is asbe~tos? Give its uses. (MTN-G l)-19

m
47. on ceramic electrical insulators can be prevented by a

co
Ans. Asbestos is hydrated calcium magnesium silicate silicon film .
· · b ·bl iii) Methyl silicones of high molecular mass resem ble n1 bber
CaMgJ(Sio3).i.
Uses: It is commonly used in making incom ust1 e and are used in wakin g rubber and are used in waking
fabri cs and hardboa_r?, etc. .
48. What is sodium silicate? H_ow it can be prepare?.
?
k. rubber like tu bing and sheets.
52. Liquid silicones are preferred over ordinary
sp
Ans: Sodium silicate: Sod 1u rn sil1 ca te, _i.s a sodium s_al, of organic lubricants why?
metasil icic aci d. Its formu la 1s Na 2.:,10 3 It s also kn own 1
Ex.0.9 (FBD-G2)-14,( MTN-Gl)-17,(R WP) -18
te

as gl ass wateror soluble glass ._ . (BWP-G2) - 19

Preparation of Sodium Silicate : We ca n prepa re Ans : Th e change in viscosity of silicone oil is very small with
no

sod,um si licate by fu sir,g sodium rarbon ate with 1Jure change in temperature as compared to ordina;;y
sand in a furnace called rever-betratory turna nce. The lubricants . If temperature is dropped from 100-0 C,
chemical equation is: viscosity of petroleum increases to 100 fold whi le of
~~1 ,t ·o : t s,o ~--------, 1\ :1 ~sin ~-r- C 0 -
silicone increases to less than 4 folds on ly. Due to th ese
rea sons si licone oils are preferred over ordinary
49. What are Silicates? . . (RW_P)-1 9 lubricants.
Ans: Silicates:The compounds derived from Sil1cic acids are 53. What are silicons, Give an example? (DGK-Gl)- 15
term ed as silicates Ans: Definition: A polymer containing silicon - oxygen chains
Example: Sodium S1l1cate , Aluminum Silicate . and alkyl groups attached to silicon atoms .
SO. How Kaolin differs from ordinary clay? Exam le: Meth I silicones
(SGD-G2)-19
: 3.6
Ans: L_ - -
Kaolin ·:· Clay 54. Which elements and compounds can act as
q~yis _ '{~llQ'0' __or_] semiconductors? (RWP)-14,(LH R-Gl)-18
Kaolinis white in . (i)
Ans: Semiconductors includes the following elements:
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _--"'.""_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48
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 oorn !Ji.r n • 11:r.1111um,!filt«•1iJl.it1•1~-•; t:t:, 3
1) Germani um
Semico nductor s
11) Selenium
include
iii)
the
Silicon
followin g
t~ :J 4! ii., i=':4 lii-i
59.
• •u:tU•! •fj iC•Dfi.fil•l ~ ■; f.i M
What ,s the formula of red lead? Give its prin~jple
compou nds: uses.
1) Lead sulphide ii) Silicon carbide Ans· Formula f d I -
-) . (MTN-Gl)-18
o re ead is Pb1O,i . Its princi pa l uses:
1i1) Cadmium sulphide iv) Lead telluride
v) i_ In the ~anufacturing of storage batteries
Gall ium arsenide vi) Indium antimonide 11) As
55. How semicon ductors are used in Transistors? - a pigment in · paints
· - are applied
which · to steel and
iron to reta rd collision.
Ans: Use of semicon ductors is transist ors: (BWP)-14 iii) As an ingredient in manufacturing Aint glass matches
Sem iconductors when joined to different materials which and ceramic glazes.
may be a metal or different semiconductorsa boundary '
60. Writ~ an~ two point of importanc.e of oxides of
wh ich allows electricit y to pass more properly and are lead m pamts. (BWP-G2)-18,(FGD-Gl)-19
used in transi stors . Ans:
i) PbO (Litharge) is used in preparing oil s and varn ishes.
3.7
56. Discuss use of PbCrO4 in paints?(GUJ),(LHR-G2)-14
11) Pb3O4 (Red Lead ) is used as pigment in paints fo r steel
and_ iron to prevent corrosion.

m
Ans: Use of Lead Chroma te (PbCrO4) in paints:
61. Wnte formula of white lead and Write its one use.

co
It is used as a pigment under the name of chrome
yell ow. Orange or red basic lead chromates are formed Ans: Formula: 2PbCa3.Pb(OH )2 {BWP-Gl)-19
wh en lead chromat e is boiled with dilute alkal i hydroxide

k.
Uses:
and are used as pigments. The stable yellow vV_hite lead _has _a g<?od covering power.
mod ification of lead chromat e is monoclinic. Mixture of Mixes read1I with linseed oil.
sp
lead chromat e wi th lead sulphate or barium su lphate is

' Lu,~u ~u.:;::u ION (LQs)

te

also used as yellow pigment.

57. Why white lead is not suitable for use as a good 1
--
3. 1 GROUP IIIA ELEMENTS
pigmen t?
no

(RW_ P)-16
Ans: White lead is not suitabl e for use as a good pigment
since it is darkened by the hydrogen su lphide which is
frequent ly present in the atmosphere.
58. Write the names of four oxides of lead used as
~ -_1.2
1.
3.2
. . . . . . . . ..
.
Peculiar Behavi our of Boron
.
COMPOUNDS OF BORON
:

pigmen ts. (OGK-G2)-15 (BWP-G 2)-17,(S WL)-18

OR Write the formula of a) Litharg e b) Red Lead Borax (Sodium Tetrabo rate
3.2.1
Ans: Oxides of lead as pigmen ts: (BWP-G2),(GUJ-G2)-18 Na2B4O1. 10H2O)
(FBD-G 1)-19 2. How Borax is manufactured?
1) Lead suboxide (Litharge, Massicot) Pb20 (Black) . (GUJ)-14,(GUJ-G2)-15,(MTN-G2)-18
1i ) Lead monoxid e PbO (Pale yellow to reddish yellow) 3. Write down two methods for the preparation of Borax.
11i ) Triplumi c oxide (Red Lead, Minium) Also explain the action of heat on Borax 7 (LHR-G2)-15
1v) White lead 2Pb(03.Pb(OH);, (White) 4. Give uses of Borax. - (DGK-G2)-15
v) Lead chrom ate or chrome yellow PbCrO4 (yellow) s. Explain (i) Borax Bead Test with its chemistry.
Pigments varies in colour from pale-yell ow to redd1sh - (ii) Discuss effect of heat on boric aci d (DGK-G2)-16
6. Give One method for the preparation of H3BO 3. How
yellow.
does it react with C2HsOH, NaOH, Na2CO3.(DGK-Gl)-l6
 -T -DATE E TI N BANK
till4!H-iiltd'.t lj E •.ti Mi•·ii] 4-ii t•i~ I Jj~ 13
Boric Acids I CHAPTER- GROUP VA AND GROUP
3.2.2
(BWP) - 15
I VIA ELEMENTS
7. Wri t e chemica l re action s of H 1BO ?
8. How wtll you convert boric acid into borax and MULTIPLE CHOICE UESTIONS

....~~""'""""'
I
RWP )- 16 / 4.1 INTRODUCTION
3.3 ~~ '
1. ~u~ of _all the elements of qroup VA, the highest
9. How dnd under what co nditions does Alu m inum react 1omzat1on energy is possessed by: -
w 1tt1, 1) O 1i) NaO H 111) H; SO , iv) N2 .!5.Jil (GUJ)-14,(BWP- G2),(LHR - G2) - 17, (SGD - G1) - 18
(LHR - Gl) - 15, (AJK) - 16,(GUJ-Gl)- 18 [(.l] N (B) P (C; Sb (D) As
2. In group V-A elements the most electronegative
10. Write four u~cs of Alum1num 1 (MTN - G2)-15
element is:
3 .4 _GROUP IVA ELEMENTS OR The most electroneqative element of qroup V-A

·B•
is?(RWP)-14(LHR-G2 ),( MTN-G 1 )-16,( MTN- G 1 )-19

3 .5 ■ · ;1;•
No Loni ~ ue _ti on has been taken from thi s t of ic.
·}J·)lffii;J:t•BCB1
11 ): 1 ·11i!t 3.
BN (B)P (CJSb ( D)B1
The lowest ionization energy is possessed by:

m
Oxides of Silicon · · •',,~ ~;. · (SGD-Gl)-19
3.5 .2

co
r
11. Wh y CO 1s a gas at room temperature w hil e Si O; is a I 4 .2 ~~~ll!f!ffl~~P!l'-1~~...Wllllf(IID~ As
~

k.
sol 1d 1 Ex plain . (RWP) - 15

3.5 .3 _ Silicates and their Uses . ··_. · · Oxides of Nitrogen

sp
12. Wri te a note on Aluminium sil1 cates 1 (SGD - G2) - 15 4. Laughing gas is chemically?
(BWP),(RWP),(FBD-G2), ( LHR)-14
3.5.4 ;. . Silicones :· .· ·. .:..~~-~ · Ex.(v)
te

.. (LHR-Gl),(BWP),(LHR-G2)-15, (SWL), (DGK-Gl)-16

13. What are sil1cones Write uses of Sili co ne':, 1 (S WL )-14
1
(RWP-G2),(GUJ-G1)-17,(SGD), (BWP)-18
no

R WP!- ~8
(AJK) ,( DGK - Gl )- 15, (SGD-G 2),( MTN -G_2 ) - 16,( _ (LHR-G11J_SGD-G2),(BWP-G1), (RWP)-19
14. What are sil1cones 1 Describe t he properti es of sil1 con _s (A)NO (B)N02D) N20 ( D)N4 0 4
(SGD -G l)-15
5. Which of the following is a reddish brown gas?
15. Wha t are sil1c on es 1 Give t heir formula. Wri te any fo ur OR The brown gas formed, when metal reduce
uses of sil icones . (SW L) - 16
HN03tO: ( GUJ),(LHR-G 1 )-14&( MTN-G2),( DGK-
OR What are sil1cones 1 How arc th ey produced 7 Outlin e two G 1 )-15
uses of silicon es. SGD - Gl) - 16,(MTN-Gl)- 18
Ex.(iv) (AJK),(DGK-G2)-16,(SWL),(DGK -G2)-17,(RWP)-18
3.6 (GUJ-G2),(FBD-G1)-19
16. Define: semi -co nductors. Give exa mple . Write two
6.
(A)N203 N02 m (C) N203
The oxidation of NO in air produces:
( 0 ) N20 5
properti es and two uses of se mi -co nducto rs.
(FBD - Gl) - 16 Ex.(iii)(SWL)-14,(RWP),(SWL),( MTN-Gl)-15,( LHR-Gl )-16
(MTN-G1),(RWP-G1)-17,(MTN-G 1)-18,(GUJ-G1)-19
3.7 USES OF LEAD COMPOUNDS IN PAINTS (A i:'h01 (B)NO,(C)N,01 rm,
N,O,
17. Di scuss th e im portan ce of oxides of lea d in pain ts. 7. Which of the elements gives acidic oxide?
(MTN-Gl) - 16
. 53
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 HE IT
t-f:14!H.i.fil'4t _I 1- ___ITIAl•!•tiiW_1i•l:tid•1a;f•iI13
• N OR Which catalyst is used in contact process for
I . Occurrence preparing H2S04. (LHR-Gl)- 18
I 4.2.]
wh· h metal is rendered passive by HN01 due to A Fe203 B S0 1 D A 20
8· f tc ti"on of a film of metal oxide over the metal?
orma (SGD)-14
(A)Pt (B)Sn ~ Co (D)Mn . I
I
4.1 Introduction
9 Gold dissolves in "Aqua Reg1a:' due to format10n 1. How does nitrogen differ from other members of
· of Halide. Point out correct hahde. (MTN-G2}-16 its group? Ex.O.4(i}(SWL)- 17,(BWP-Gl)-18
(A) Auf 3m1 AuC '3 (C) AuBr3 _ (D) Au h (BWP-Gl ),(AJK)-19
10. Acetamide is prepared bv heatmq:h C~dWL)-18 Ans: Nitrogen differs from oth er members of ,ts grou p
rfJiAmmoninium acetate (B) Met v I cvani e because :
c of hthalic acid D of eth I acetate i) Nitrogen is a gas wh ile all other mem bers of the group
are soli ds.
4.3 ii) Nitrogen does not involve d-subshell 1r oond1ng wh1i,·
11 . Out of all the elements of group VI-A the hbightehst oth er group members may do so.
melting and boiling points is shown Y e iii) Nitrogen has higher elect ron ega t 1V1t"y1 tnar its group

m
element: Ex.(vi)(SGD)-14,(FBD -17 mem bers

co
A Te CS Po r
- -~ I 4.2 NITROGEN AND ITS COMPOUNDS
I 4.3.1

k.
f

12. What is %age of calcium phosphate in bone ash? : 4.2 .1 Occurrence .:

(DGK-G2}- 15 Why nitrogen is chemically inert at room
2.
sp
A 20 (BtO 80 D 60 temperature? () - 14,(BWP-G2) - 18
Ans: Inertness of nitrogen at room temperature :
te

4.4 The reason why nitrogen gas 1s 1ner::: at -oom

el
tem perature is that the triple bond between the r ,:.10
no

4.4.1 nitrogen atoms (N ~ N) is very strong , ana therefore 1t

13. Maximum number of unpaired electrohns is in_: takes a lot of energy to break that bond , anc until that
OR Which of the following species has t e maximum bond is broken , the nitrogen can not react .v1th any oth ~r
number of unpaired electrons? chemical.
Ex.(x) (MTN -G2),(GUJ)- 14
4 .2. 2 Oxides of Nitrogen ·
(AJK),(GUJ-G1,2),(SGD-G 1 )-15,(FBD-G 1 )-18
3. How NO 2 is prepared from?
(B) o; (C) o; (D) o~-
a) Pb(NO 3 )i b) Cu and HN 0 3
( LHR - G2 )-1 .. , (SGD- Gl)-19
4.5
Ans: a)Preparation of NO 2 from Pb(N OJ) ~
14. Which catalyst is used in contact process?
Ex.(ix) (LHR-Gl)-14 2Pb( NO3h \ ► 2 PbO 4NO 0
( BWP),( FBD ),(SGD-G2)-15,(SGD-G 1 )-16
b)Prepa ration of N0 2 from Cu and HN03:
(LHR-G1),(MTN-G2),(SGD-G1),(S GD-G2)-17,(SGD-G2)-18

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(t(;i4!it,ia'dl, lllllll:f;Jll•l~l•E:ii#•i•UW•fl ■ ;tUI~ ~: I :a:n:, i ~an, IIIIIIIDII I] ;#i l•:! .j j i • ·fllflll•'.Ul\till.3
Cu 4 HN O (Conc.) > Cu(NO 3 );,i , 2 H20 1 2N0 2 2 NO, 1 H, O , HNO + HNO I
1
4. Justify that N 2 O is a supporter of combustion. ii)In the presence of air:
OR N O supports combustion, give two reactions in
2 4NO1 + 2 H1O ... o, > 4H NO J
favour of the statement?
(GUJ)-14, (LHR-G2)-17,(MTN-G2)-18 9. What happens when Di-nitrogen Tetraoxide is
heated?
Ans: N2 O supports combustion:
OR Wh~t -is the effect of 'T' on N 2 O 4 ? (MTN -G2) - 15
N O supports combustion of burning substances, such as Ans: If di -nitrogen Tetra oxide (N 7 O 4 ) is heated to 140°C, the
7
su lphur, phosphorus etc. mixture cont ain s NO/ and N7O" but above 140:iC,NO2 is
i) S + 2N 20 co~verted to N~ and 0 2 mol ecu les which are co lourless.
ii) P4 ... 10N 2O -- - >P4 O 10 + 10N 2 This decompos1t1on is compl ete at 620:ic.
140(" 0
5. Write Ring test for the confirmation of nitrates. .;:=.== ~ 2NO -==
620C
===~ 2 2 NO - 0 ,
OR Describe ring test for confirmation of nitrate ions Pale Yellow Reddish brown Colourless

m
in solution? 10. How does NO2 react with KI and H2S.

co
Ex.0.10(i)(DGK-G1)-14,(BWP-G2),(SWL)-17,(LHR-G2)-18
(AJK)-19 _ (GUJ-G2), (SGD-G1)-15,(DGK -G2)-18
Ans: i) Reaction of NO 2 with KI:
Ans: Ring Test:Nitrogen oxide (NO) fo rm s a brown co loured
add it ion compound with FeSO 4 w hich is used to confirm
k. ii)
2KI + 2NO:; -
Reaction of NO 2 with H 2S:
- - 2KNO - I
sp
the presence of nitrates.
H2S + N0 2 - ---) H7 0 + S + NO
FeSO 4 NO > FeSO4 .NO
te

·
11. Complete and balance the equations:(LHR-G2)-17
6. How does NO act as oxidizing agent?
(BWP)-14,(LHR-G2)-15,(MTN-Gl)-16,(FBD-Gl) - 16 a) FcS O ~i a ) + NO !)() ~ b) 1'h.·o + c ·1. - - ~
no

11

Ans: NO as oxidizing agent: Ans : a) so ,1•q, + NO 1, 1 ~ Fe SO

1·· c · J • I\ O
2HN0 3 + NO - - H2 0 + 3N0 2
b) 2NO + C l ~~2NOC I
7. Give reaction of NO 2with H2S and KI.
OR Give two reactions to prove that NO2is oxidizing 12. ~ri_te two reactions for the preparation of
dm1trogen oxide. (DGK-G2)-17,(GUJ-G2)-19
agent.
Ex.O.l0(ii} (RWP)-14,(DGK-Gl),(MTN-Gl)-17,(GUJ)-18 Ans:
(BWP),(SWL-G1),(FBD-G2)-19 -U. n -i I0II NO , ~ 4 Zn( NO :) , ~ N ,O , 5H ,O
Ans: NO 2 as strong oxidizing agent:
N 11 1 NO , _ -2!.'.'.'.__~ N ,0 - -2 11 J)
i) H1 S + N0 2 - ----4 H70 + S + NO
13. ~omplete and balance the following equation:
ii) 2 KI + 2 NO _ ____.. 2 KN0 2 + 12 (1) H2S + NO ➔ (ii) NO 2 + H2O ➔
8. What happens when NO2 is dissolved in water? (MTN-G2)-19
Ans: i)In the absence of air: (LHR-Gl)-14
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ti1:1a!1tia;ra•~1:Ai•!•tiia•ttiim,1~ ■ ;wm -~
~ji~,11F. - -~-~;=-Jllla.
7 ,~~ w ..... •1:_ll=- •~1fC•l~ ■ ; M~l3
Ans: (i)2H,S(g) I· 2NO \ll) -► H/O(q) I· N/O('1 ) + s (, ) Ans: i}ReactIon of Cu with dil HNO . -
3.
(ii} 2NO }(ql + H,O(l') ➔ HNO J (dlJ) + HNO J \n ) 3Cu t 8HN0 3(dil) ► 3Cu(NO i ) ;. 2NO 4H70 I

14. How NO reacts with H2S and H2SO3?{DKG-G1)-19 ii)Reaction of Cu with Cone. HNO
3
Ans: Reaction with H2S:
2H 2S + 2NO ➔ H2O + N2O + S
Cu i 4HN03(~onc.) ► Cu(N0 3 h t 2N0 2 . 2H ;i0
1s. How does dll. HNO1 react with Cu and Mn?
Reaction with H2SO1:
. {~BD-Gl)-14, (DGK-Gl)-16,(GUJ-Gl)-18
2H 2SO 3 1· 2NO - ~ H2SO<j + N2O Ans: Reactions of dll. HNO 3 with cu:
4.2.3 Oxyacids of Nitrogen 3Cu + 8HN0 3 (dil) ----➔ 3Cu(NO) + 2NO + 4H o
J / /
Reaction of dil.HNO 3 with Mn:
15. What is Aqua Regia? How does it dissolve gold?
OR How aqua regia reacts with goldl Give equation. Mn + 2HN0 3(dil) - -> Mn (N0 ) _, H;,
3 2
{ LHR-G1 ),{MTN-G1 ),{ LHR-G2),{ GUJ)-14 19. Give the reaction of HNO 3 with carbon and
{AJK), (GUJ-G1), {GUJ-G2)-15, {RWP),{SGD-G2)-16 ~ulphu~? (BWP)-14
(DGK-Gl),(RWP-Gl)-17,(BWP-Gl), {FBD-Gl)-18 Ans: 1)React1on of HNO1 with carbon:

m
(AJK),{DGK-G2),( LHR-G2),( MTN-G 1),( SGD-G1 )-19

co
Ans: Aqua Regia: When one volume of concentrated C + 4HN0 3 - - CO 2 + 4N0 2 + 2H 0
7

HN0 3 is mixed with three volum e of concentrated HCI, ii}Reaction of HNO 3 with Sulphur:

k.
aqua regia is formed. S + 6HN0 1 - - 2H 20 + 6N0 2 + H750 4
20. Write four use of HNO1? {MTN-Gl),(LHR-Gl)-14
sp
HN0 1 (Conc.) - 3 HCl(Conc.) - - ➔ NOCI + Cl 2 , 2H 20
(LHR-G1),{SGD-G1)-15,{BWP-G2)-18, (RWP)-19
How Aqua Regia dissolves gold? Ans: Uses of HNO 3 :
te

(NOCI) formed is decomposed giving NO and Cl 2 i) HN03acts as laboratory reagent.

NOCI - - NO + [Cl] ~~~ It is used in the manufacture of nitrogen.
no

The liberated chlorine gas converts gold into its water ~11) It is used in the manufacture of explosives .
soluble chloridei.e 1v) ltis used for making varnishes and organic dyes .
21. How does HNO 2 acts as a reducing agent?
Au t 3 [ Cl ] ~ AuCl 3
Ans: HNO2 as reducing agent:(LHR-G2)-15,{DGK-G2)-19
16. How HNO 3 can be prepared in the laboratory? Nitrous acid decolorizes acidified KMn0 4 and bromine
water. It readily gets oxidized to nitric acid, so it also
Ans: Laboratory preparation ofHNO 3 : {DGK-G2)-14
behaves as a reducing agent.
2KMn0 4 + 3H 2S0,, + 4HNO
KN0 1 · H2 50 4 (cone.) - ➔ KHS0 4 + HN0 3 l - ~ K50 4 ➔ 2Mnso • • 3Hl 0 . SHNO
OR What happens when Cu is treated with dilute and HN0 2 + Br2 + H 2 0 - ➔ HN0 3 + 2HBr
concentrate d H NO1? 21 - Write down chemical equation
for the reaction of
17. Give reactions of Cu with dil HNO 3 and cone. cone. HNO 3 with: (a) Sn (b) Zn
HNO 3 ? {GUJ)-14,{GU J-G2)-15, {GUJ)-17 (MTN-Gl)-16,(MTN-Gl)-18

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Reaction of cone. HN0 3 with Sn: ~I~! f k1 i ~,·zs t i]la (•! •Jji W•i•l t11t•J1i~ru1:◄
Ans: (a)
Sn · 4HN O , ~ H_,SnO J , 4NO 2 , H; O Ans: uses of Nitric Acid:
(i) Nitri c ac ,d, s used as a laboratory ag ent .
( b) Reaction of cone. H N0 3 with Zn: (ii) It ,s used in th e manufact ure of nitrogen fertilizers .
Zn • 4H NO ~ >Z n(NO 1 ) 1 , 2NO 2 1 2H2 O (iii) It 1s use~ for makin~ varnishes and organic dyes .
How nitrous acid reacts with CO(NH 2 h and
22. Write names and formula s of oxyacid s of 2 1. (SGD-G2 )-19
C6HsNH 2?
nitrogen . (LHR-G2)- 16
Ans: Rea ction with CO (NH 2 )i:
Ans: Oxyacids of nitrogen are: 2HN0 7 t CO(NH) ) . , 2N ~ CO • 3H O
1) Nitrous acid (HNO 2) ii) Nitric acid (HNO 3 )
Reactio n with C6 H 5 NH 2 :
23. Write two reaction s of prepara tion of nitrous acid
(LHR-G2 )-18,(DG K-Gl)-19 HNO,, · Cr,H, NH > C, H,,OH N - HO
( HN02),
Ans: Methods of Prepara tion of Nitrous Acid (HN0 2): ..· · PHOSPHORUS AND ITS COMPOUNDS .
'4.3
,) Nitrous acid is made by di ssolving N2O 3 in water at 0°C. of
28. Write two reaction s for the prepara tion
~ 20 3 + I 12 O ~ ~I INO 2 (SGD-G 1 )- 17 ,( MTN-G2 ) -18
phospho rus acid?
Pure HN O2 can be made by reaction of ice cold Barium An s: Pre pa ration of Phosphorus Acid:

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11)
nitrate solution and ice cold dilute H25O.i . 1) It is prepared by d1 ssolv1ng phos~Jr,or-.JS ~rio..(1oc ,n cold

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13.1 ( '< () : ), + 11 2 SO 1 - -> lbS0 -1 + ~I INO 2 water. I)( ) ~ll(J ) :! 1 11( )

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24. Give the reaction s of nitric acid with: Ii) rt 1s also obt ai ned by th e h yd ro !',.., r:_ oF ohos phor us
(a) Arsenic (b) Antimon y(MTN-G l)- 19 trich lori de .
sp
Ans: Reaction with Arsenic: PCI ~II!) >II i><J -:.11,
As s + SHN031aq) ➔ H3Sb04(aq) + SN02(g) + H20 (1)
te

4.3 .1
Reaction with Antimon y: is
29. How will you prove that phospho ric acid
Sb15 1 , SHN03( aq) ➔ H3Sb0 4(aq) + SN0 2(g) + H20 (I)
no

tribasic acid? (DSK-G2 )-15

25. Write down the structur al formula s of: An s: Phosph oric acid is tribasic acid :
(i) Nitrous Acid (HN0 2) (ii) Nitric Acid (HN0 2) Phospho ric aci d 1s a weak tribas1c acid . It don ates all of
(MTN-G2)-19 its three proton s whe n reacted w ith a si-rong base li ke
Ans: (i) Nitrous Acid(HN 0 2 ): NaOH .
.. >N aH PO 4 H 0
H3PO 4 NaOH
H- 0- N= 0
NaH PO · NaOH > Na _HPO ~ H 0
2 4
(ii) Nitric Acid (HN0 3 ):
' r. Na , HPO _1 NaOH
,.
..
0 N Allotropes of Phosphorus \ r.
4.3.2
~: 30. Give definitio n of allotrop y. Write allotrop es of
26. Write down two uses of nitric acid.(MTN-62)-19 phospho rus? . (SWL)-1 4,(LHR-G l) - 18
Ans: Allotrop y:Th e existence of two or more crystallin e or
. . .,60 molecula r struct ural forms of an element that have
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 tci-DJi--DtQ ~ •l:!ii•! •t\ •••10 4-iit•U ■ ;f.i ~ I:1
t.rn4!Jtiiitdf ~ TI!.i•®Ji W•iili-fil•1a;p.~ Ans: Phosph orus ca n reaGt with chlorine to form PCl 1 or PC ls
different chemical or physical attributes is called
Allotropy . if Cl 2 is present 1n extremely l1m1ted su pply PCl 3 ,s th e
Allotropes of Phosphorus: major product .
Three alklotropes of Phosphorus are: 2P( s) , 3Cl 2 (g) > 2PC l-j ( )
i) White phosphorus ii) Red Phosphorus
ii i) Black Phosphorus If Cl, is present in large excess, PCI ~ 1s the major
31. Write the properties of white phosphorus? produ ct.
Ans: Properties of white phosphorus P4 : 2P (r) . SCl 2 (g) > 2PCl~(s)
(BWP)-15,(RWP)-18 r-
i) White phosphorus is very reactive, poisonous and ' 4.3.4 Oxides of Phosphorus
volatile substance.
34. P2 0 5 is a powerful dehydrating agent, prove by
ii ) It is waxy and yellowish white substance.
iii ) It is solubl e in benzene and carbon disulphide. giving two examples?
1v) It boi ls at 280° to P4-vapours wh ich dissociate above OR Justify that P2 Q 5 is a powerful dehydrating agent.

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700°C to formPr molecules . Give two reactions?

co
v) White phosphorus burns in a limited supply of air to Ex.O.10(v)(GUJ),(FBD-G2),(LHR-Gl )-14,(MTN-G 1),(AJK)-15
form P2O 3 . (FBD-Gl),(SWL),(AJK)-16,( RWP-G 1)-17

k.
(MTN-G2),(LHR-G2)-18, (RWP),(DGK-Gl)-19
vi) Wh ite phosphorus burns in a excess of dry air to form Ans: P7 0 5 is a powerful dehydrating ag ent.
sp
P20 s Examples:
P4 ➔ 50 2 - -> 2P2 0 5 2H NO 1 + P7 0 5 ~ N,0 5 + 2HPO _
te

- i)
32. Write two points of difference between Red and ii) H)SO 4 + P2 O5 ~ SO 3 + 2HPO
no

White Phosphorus. (BWP-G2)-18,(FBD-G1)-19

iii) C7H5 OH + P2 O5 -~ C7H4 + 2HPO ,
ns:
Red Phosphorus White Phosphorus 35. Give reaction of G20 5 with
i) It is much less reactive i i) is very reactive,
It a) HN0 3 b) C2 H5 OH (RWP)-15
and less poison than white poisonous, volatile, waxy, Ans: i)Reaction of P2 O5 with HNO3
phosphorus. yellowish white substance. 2 HN0 3 + P2 0 5 - ~ N20 5 - 2 HP0 3
1 ii) It boils at 280°C to
ii) It is prepared by heating
ii)Reaction of P2 O5 withC 2 H5 OH
white phosphorus in the P4vapours which dissociate
1 presence of iodine or above 700°( to form P2 C H50H -- P2 0 5 - • C2H4 - 2 HP0 3
2
! sulphur as a catalyst upto molecules. 36. Give reaction of P2 0 5 with cold and hot water?
250°( in vaccum~ -- -- -- __ ____ j (LHR-Gl)-15

4.3.3 Halides of Phosphorus Ans: i)Reaction of P2O5 with cold H2O

P20 s ' H20 ~ 2HP03
How phosphorus formsPCl 3 and PCl 5 ?

------------:-:-:====
33.
(MTN-62)-15
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Ans: Oxyacids of Phosphorus:
ii)Reaction of P 10 ~ with hot H2O
oxyacids of Phosphorus are:
P_, 0 ,, J H,- 0 ) 2 H ;P0 1 i) Phosphoru s acid. ( H3P0 3)
37. Give reaction of P2 O3 with water in cold and hot ii) Ortho hos horic acid . (H jPOy
state. : 4.4 at11111111a111~--
~~'-t,:,fflh~1~,~j,•~•~a•1"
OR How does P.z O 3 react with water in cold and hot
I

states? (AJK)-16. (RWP-G 2 )- 17,(FBD-Gl )- 19 ~ 4.1_ General Characteristics

Ans: i) Reaction of P2O3 with cold tf 2O 41. W roup Vl-Aother than
oxygen show more than two oxidation states?
P,O , 3H 20 ) 2 Hp0 3
Ex.0.4(iii)(GUJ-G2)- 15,( BWP-G2)- 17
ii) Reaction of P2O3 with hot H2O . . (BWP-G2),(DGK-G2)-18
Ans: Ox1dat1on state of GroupVI-A:Except oxygen the
2P, 0 · 6H/ ' oth er members of th e group show a valency of + 2, +4
and + 6.For example, SCl 2, SC\4, SC\ 6 .+2 oxidation state
4.3 .5 is sho~n ~ue to 2 unpaired elect ro ns in the p orbitals .

m
38. What is action of hea t on ortho phosphoric acid? +4 . ox1dat1on state is shown when 1 electron from p-

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OR What is the effect of heating on ortho phosphoric orb1tals 1s promoted to the next vacant d-orbita ls while
acid? (LHR-G2 )-14,( RWP) - 15,(LHR-G2) -1 8 +6 oxi da ti on state is shown when another electro~ from
( SWL),(SGD-G1 ),( GUJ-G 1 ),( DGK-G2 )- 19 s- o . .
Ans: Effect of heating on H3 P0 4:
On heating , 1t loses water an d co nverted into pyro and k.[4~4.3 -
sp
meta -p hospho ric acid . 42. En 1s wo s1m1 an 1es o oxygen and sulphur?
(LHR-Gl)-14, (LHR-G2),(LHR-Gl) - 19
2_'4oc0 - H p 0 >2 HPO
te

J lbCo
➔ ~ ) ' Ans : Simi larities of oxygen and sulphur:
h 0 H ,0
i) Both oxyge n and sulphur are usually divalent.
no

On..,o~.,::i~ct ,or: aud Py ·ophosph or ,c arnl Mctah ovt 1or1, acrd ii) Both are typ ical non-metals .
39. How H 3 PO 4 is prepared on large scale? (SW L) - 14 iii) Bot h are fou nd in free and co mbined sta tes in earth .
iv ) Both exhibit al lotropic forms.
(SGD-G2) - 19
43. How does oxygen differ from sulphur?
Ans: Preparation of H3 PO 4 on large Scale : OR Give any two properties in which oxygen differ
On large scale 1t can be prepa red by heating a mixture from sulphur. (DGK-G2),(LHR-Gl)-14
of phosphorite (bon e ash) and sand in an electric (BWP),( DGK-G 1 ),(SGD-Gl )-15,(LHR-Gl ),( DGK-G2)-17
furn ance . Th e ph osphorus pent aoxid efor11ed is treated (SWL), (SGD-Gl)-18, (GUJ-G2),(LHR-G1)-19
Ans: · · · ··
w ith hot wate r t o obtain H,PO 1 •

Ca ,(PO ) · 3S10_ > 3CaSiO , P 0 ,, i) Th ere are two i) There are 3 allotropic
allotropic forms of 1 forms of sulphur,
P, 0 , · 3H)O ~ 2HPO.I
Oxygen -0 2 and 0 3 · rhomb ic, monoclin ic and
40. Give names and formulas of oxyacids of plast ic: _ __J
It is gas at
phosphorous. (SGD-G2)-16
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 [.;'.!_lj!JJ.ii!to•an:aJI:.5l•!!JjiW•iiJ4-i,c•J~i ;JJU':t
ordinarv 11) ll 1s solid at ordinary ! What is the optimum condition for the
46-
tempera tu11.'. temperature. manufactur e of H 2S0 4 in contact process?
11i) Oxygen 1s 1i1 ) Sulphur is not solu ble in Ans: Optimum Conditions: (DGK-G2) - 14
sparingly soluble water . i) Sulphur dioxide + oxyg en (from the ar r)in the ratio 1: 1
1n wa ter. / iv ) Su lphur is itself by volum e 11) Temperature 400 - soocc
1v) Oxygen helps in I combu stible. iii) Pressu re 1-2 atm 1v) Catalyst V 2 O 5
combustion. Sulphur t rioxid e + Su lphuric acid , Oleum .
v)
Sulphuric Acid (H2S04) vi) Ol eum + water • Su lphu ric acrd.
4.5
44. Justify that H 2 S04 is a king of chemicals? 4.5.2 . Properties
OR Give four uses of H 2S04. (LHR - Gl-2),(GUJ)- 14 47, Write two reactions in which H 2 504 acts as
(SGD-Gl, 2) - 15, (FBD) - 17 (DGK-G2), (DGK-Gl)-16 dehydrating agent?
(SGD-G2), (LHR-G2)-18 OR Show with two reactions that H 2 S04is a strong
Ans : H2 S04 as king of Chemicals. reducing agent.
Sulphuric acid is ca lled the king of chemicals because it Concentrate dsulphurica cid acts as dehydrating

m
OR
has a large number of applications. It finds applications

co
agent. Show by two reactions.
in manufacturing either directly or indirectly.
Uses of sulphuric acid: OR Give reactions of cone. H 2 S0 4 with oxalic acid and

k.
1) Sulphuricacid is used for production of fertilizers. formic acid.
11) It is used in the production of lead-acid batteries . (DGK-G1),(M TN-G2),(RWP )-14,(DGK-G l)-15,( LHR-Gl)-16
(GUJ),(RWP- G2)-17,(LHR -Gl),(DGK-G 1)-18,( LHR-G2)-l 9
sp
111) It is widely used in chemical labs .
,v) It is used in th e manufacture of phosphate fertili zers. Ans: H2 S0 4 as dehydrating agent:
It is used in petroleum refining . Reaction:
te

v)
v,J It is used for roduction of a er. i) COOH ~ nc.H 25O • ) CO 2 -r- CO · H20
I
no

4.5.1 COO H
45. Why S03 gas is dissolved in H2S04 but not in 0
water in contact process. II
Ex.O.7(b)(LH R-G2),(DGK- Gl),(FBD-G2 )-14,(MTN-G1 )-15 ii) H - C- OH
(OGK-G2),(S GD-G1)-15,(L HR-G1),(RWP )(SWL)-16 conc. H SO 4
(BWP-G1),(F BD)-17,(SGD -G1), (MTN-G2)-18 ,(BWP-G1)-1 9 iii) C2H5 0H - - - 2 C2 H4 - H20
100°c
Ans: Absorption unit of contact process:
Hot _sulfur trioxide passes through the heat exchanger 48. Give the balanced equation of reaction of Cone.
and 1s dissolved in concentrated H 2 S0 4 in the absorption H 2 S0 4 withNaCI? (MTN-G2)-15 ,(FBD-G1)-19
tower to form oleum. Ans: Reaction of H 2 S04 with NaCl.
H2SO,i(I) + SO JCg) •H2S20 7Ct) 2NaCI I H2S04 S{rong hea t ► Na :_, 50 4 . 2 HC I
Wh ile, directly dissolving S0 3 in water is impractical due
49. Complete and balance the following equation.
to the highly exothermic nature of the reaction. Acidic
vapor or mists are formed instead of a liquid. KMnO'l , FeSO-1 . H., so -1 •J (LHR-Gl)-16

·
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 t~:i 4! f ~11 ~, d t lln:IIJ.j;.Si•!•1:.\ iW•iiJii,c,]a:JJ~t~
An s: r-1!14!) t.-ii;tb t II.Aii 1JJ5il•! •1.\, W•1•Jt"1t M~I :YJn !1
:,1< ,,r)n 10ri~so 811 ~o~ 1 Reaction w ith Cu :
2MnSO, Sf- e J(S0.1 ) 1 , 8HJO Cu 2H 1 SO . , CuSO 2H O SO
" 50 4
Reaction with Ag :
50. H :,-50 . behaves as an acid. Write two reactions to
illustrate the truth . (BWP-Gl) - 17 2Ag 2H 1 S0 4 , Ag,SO 2H O SO
An s: H SO -. an dud and 1t react c, with ba se to give salt and
,, ,lt .
ss. Compete and balance the following equations .
(a) KN0 3+ H2SO• ~ {b) N0 1 + H 7 SO. -
:1 II \( ) " '\ ,1()11 ► \. , 1\C) ~II () ( 8WP - G2 )- 19

ll r~c3LtS with carbona tes to form salt, water and ca rbon Ans : (a) 2KNO , • H so. , I" so 2Hr,o
d10x1de (b) 2NO, H SO , SO 2H ' /J
I I \ ( ) '\ .I ( ( ) 56. Complete and balance the given chemical
5 1. W ri te two precipitatio n reactions of sulphuric equations.
acid. (MTN -Gl) - 17, (SWL) - 18 (a) H,S NO , ( b ) HNO "1H , ( SWL )- 19
Ans : \'Jh te ppt are produced when sul phuric acid reacts with ~i O

m
Ans : (a) HS 2NO , HO S
so ut,ons of BaCl and Pb( NO ) ,.

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I\J< II \() ) lt1\C l .,., ~II( I (b) HNO NH , 2H O r.
LONG QUESTIONS (LQs) ---
k.
l'hl ,, I 11 \t > > l'h\C i .,., :2 11 '\( > L , I

52. H1 SO, acts as an oxi dizing agent. Write two . Introduction

sp
(SG 0 -Gl) - 17,(FB0 -Gl) - 19
4 .1
reactions.
Ans : rl SO o; c ses C and S giving CO and SO respect ively.
te

11 ,11 ; ((1 ~ \() : II<> 4 .2.2

1. What happen v,hen c H~O a"d ~O " C - '. :) ·::ac :, t'"
no

" : 11 \( >
the fo ll ow1ng7
53. What happens when following compound s are i) Cu 11) Hg 111) Sn J Zn( SWL )- 14,( GUJ ) -18
heated with cone. H2 S0, ? 2. Write equ ation for the rearnon o· (Of'\C h\0 ,.• ~
(a ) 4 H120 6 (b) H2C20H ( MTN -Gl)-19 0 HI 1i Sn 111 Cu " 211 (SGO-Gl )- 15

Ans : Reaction of cone. H 2 S0, with C6H20H 4.2.3

C H 0, ; 6C , ~ 6H70 3. How 1s nitri c ac id prepared "'Gus·- a , ..,
J

eq u ations 1nvolved 1
Reaction of cone. H 2 SO, with H 5 C20H Desc ri be B1rkelandand E• .:: -.. ::.- 1..cs-, •..,., rrt.
OR
C H, OH ,,• IJJ. . ", >
CI H4 'J •
H0 m anufacture of N t" t d('d ( GUJ- G2 ) ( LHR - G2 )- 15
(O GK - Gl ),l BWP ),\ MT N- Gl - 15, MTN -G l ) - 18
54 . How hot concentrat ed H 2 SO, reacts with Cu and
Ag metals? (GUJ -Gl) - 19 4.3.2 Aliotropes of Phosphorus
An s: w,rn <..ertd1n met.Als hot concentrate d H,so. gives metal ,.
:J osp
~o.. v., . ,
4. Discu ss th e variou s al otroo,es L'
~u. J)flclle!>, Wotf.- r "no S0 1 ( MTN -G2 )- 15

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tel!J3!Jt'.-:tt_;fil►illll1iJIIII illu•!•i-ii W•itJi,,c,1~ 1;f.Ui3
4.4.3 · Occurrence
5. Describe eight points of similarities of oxygen and
sulphu r ) (LHR-Gl)-15
6. Differentiate between ox en and sul hur"J (AJK)-15
4.5
7. How sulphuric acid is manufactured by contact process
on industrial scale. (RWP)-16
4.5.2 Properties
8. Sulphuric acid acts as an oxidizing agent and a
dehydrating agent, describe two reactions in each case1
(SGD-G1),(DGK-G2) -15
9. Give four reactions of H2S0<1 as an acid 1
(RWP)-15,(DGK-Gl) ,(LHR-Gl)-18

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