#2 - 1-A2 - Measure For Measure by William Shakespeare

Prompt 1
1. Comparing the Duke to Modern Leaders: Examine the Duke's leadership style and compare it to
a modern leader. Does his rule echo any particular contemporary leadership styles or strategies?
2. Psychological Analysis of Angelo: Explore Angelo's character through the lens of psychology.
What drives his actions, and how does his behavior evolve throughout the play?
3. Measure for Measure as a #MeToo Story: Consider Isabella's situation from a contemporary
#MeToo perspective. How do power dynamics and sexual harassment play out in the story?
4. Measure for Measure in the Era of Cancel Culture: Consider how the theme of public shaming in
the play reflects the modern phenomenon of "cancel culture."
5. The Concept of Justice in Other Cultures: Explore how the theme of justice in Measure for
Measure is interpreted differently in other cultures or regions.
6. Exploring the Absence of Mothers: Discuss the absence of mothers or mother figures in the play.
How does this absence affect the characters and their actions?
7. Narrative Perspective: Rewrite a scene from the perspective of a minor character. How does this
change the understanding of the play?
8. Setting Change: Imagine the play set in a different time or place. How would the themes and
character interactions be affected?
9. Exploring the Theme of Surveillance: Discuss how the theme of surveillance in Measure for
Measure might be interpreted in the age of social media and ubiquitous digital tracking.
10. Music in Measure for Measure: How could music be used to enhance the themes and emotions
of the play in a modern performance?
11. Misogyny in Measure for Measure: Explore the theme of misogyny in the play. Discuss how the
female characters navigate a patriarchal society.
12. Comic Relief Characters and Their Impact: Analyze the role of characters like Pompey and Elbow
in providing comic relief, and how they contribute to the play's exploration of serious themes.
13. Role of Clothing and Disguise: Explore the symbolism of clothing and disguise in the play and
how it relates to the themes of deception and identity.
14. Religious Hypocrisy: Discuss the theme of religious hypocrisy in the play, particularly as it relates
to Angelo's character.
15. Analyzing the Title: Explore the biblical origin of the title and how it relates to the themes of
justice and mercy in the play.
16. The Role of Power: Discuss the role of power dynamics in the play. How does power corrupt, and
what are the consequences?
17. Fate vs. Free Will: Explore the theme of fate versus free will in Measure for Measure.
18. Use of Soliloquies: Analyze the use of soliloquies in the play. How do they contribute to character
development and theme exploration?
19. Portrayal of Sexuality: Discuss the portrayal of sexuality in the play. How does it relate to power
dynamics and societal norms?
20. Measure for Measure and the Law: Consider the portrayal of law and justice in the play.
Compare it with modern laws and how they are applied.
Simple Answers
1. Comparing the Duke to Modern Leaders: The Duke's peculiar style of governance, including his
tendency to rule through intermediaries and manipulate situations from behind the scenes, can
be compared to modern-day leaders who employ similar indirect tactics. A comparison with
such leaders can provide interesting insights into different leadership styles and their impacts.
2. Psychological Analysis of Angelo: Angelo's character can be analyzed from a psychological

perspective as a study of hypocrisy and repression. His strict moral front masks a deep-seated
lust and corruption, which is revealed when he propositions Isabella. His transformation can be
examined through various psychological theories about the self and morality.
3. Measure for Measure as a #MeToo Story: Isabella's dilemma, where she is propositioned by
Angelo, who holds power over her brother's life, echoes the experiences of many women who
have spoken out as part of the #MeToo movement. The play brings to light the abuse of power
and sexual harassment, especially in positions of authority.
4. Measure for Measure in the Era of Cancel Culture: The public shaming that characters like
Angelo face can be compared to modern-day "cancel culture," where individuals are publicly
ostracized for their mistakes or alleged misdeeds.
5. The Concept of Justice in Other Cultures: The Western concept of justice depicted in Measure for
Measure, which often involves retribution or "an eye for an eye," can be contrasted with justice
concepts in other cultures, such as restorative justice in some Indigenous cultures.
6. Exploring the Absence of Mothers: The absence of mother figures may serve to underscore the
vulnerability of female characters like Isabella and Juliet, who are subject to the whims and
desires of male characters. This can lead to a broader discussion of gender roles and the
portrayal of women in the play.
7. Narrative Perspective: Rewriting a scene from the perspective of a minor character, such as
Pompey or Mariana, can provide fresh insights into the main events and potentially highlight
overlooked aspects of the play.
8. Setting Change: If set in a different time or place, the themes and character interactions in
Measure for Measure could shift significantly. For instance, setting the play in a contemporary,
progressive society might alter the power dynamics and the characters' responses to their
situations.
9. Exploring the Theme of Surveillance: The Duke's extensive use of spying and surveillance in the
play can be compared to modern concerns about privacy and the extensive data collection in the
digital age. This can lead to a discussion of the moral implications of surveillance.
10. Music in Measure for Measure: Music can be used to enhance the themes and emotions of the
play in a modern performance. For instance, a dramatic score could underscore the intense
emotional conflict faced by Isabella.
11. Misogyny in Measure for Measure: The play depicts a society rife with misogyny, where women's
virtue is controlled and policed by men. Female characters must navigate these societal norms
and expectations, often at great personal cost.
12. Comic Relief Characters and Their Impact: Characters like Pompey and Elbow provide comic
relief but also highlight the hypocrisy and absurdity of the societal norms and legal systems in
the play.
13. Role of Clothing and Disguise: Clothing and disguise play a crucial role in the play, with the
Duke's disguise as a friar allowing him to manipulate events behind the scenes. This could lead
to a discussion of the themes of deception and identity in the play.
14. Religious Hypocrisy: Angelo's character represents religious hypocrisy, as he uses his outward
piety and strict adherence to the law to mask his inner corruption. This can lead to a broader
discussion of the theme of hypocrisy in religious and moral institutions.
15. Analyzing Unspoken Power Dynamics: The power dynamics between the characters often go
beyond their stated roles and positions. For instance, despite his position as a condemned
criminal, Claudio exerts a significant influence over Isabella's actions.
16. Feminist Reading of Measure for Measure: A feminist analysis of the play might focus on the
ways in which Isabella navigates the patriarchal society she lives in, and how her decisions reflect
her resistance to or acceptance of these societal norms.
17. The Concept of Chastity: The play places a high value on chastity, particularly for women. An
exploration of how these notions have evolved over time can provide a modern perspective on
the characters' actions and attitudes.
18. Exploring the Theme of Reputation: Reputation plays a vital role in the play, with characters like
Angelo and Isabella striving to protect theirs. A comparison of the importance of reputation in
the play and in modern society can offer interesting insights.
19. The Role of Minor Characters: The minor characters in Measure for Measure often serve as foils
to the main characters, highlighting their flaws and virtues. An in-depth study of these minor
characters can provide a fuller understanding of the main characters and the themes of the play.
20. The Use of Soliloquies: Measure for Measure features several soliloquies that provide insights
into the characters' inner thoughts and motivations. A close analysis of these soliloquies can
shed light on the characters' development and the play's themes.
In-depth Answers
1. Comparing the Duke to Modern Leaders: The Duke's methods of governance in Measure for
Measure are intriguing. He hands over his power to Angelo and watches the events unfold in
disguise. This can be compared to the style of modern leaders who use indirect methods to
govern. In the age of social media and digital communication, leaders often influence public
opinion and control narratives without direct involvement. They can create an image that suits
their purpose while the actual decision-making happens behind the scenes. The analysis of such
tactics in the play can provide an interesting study of political power and manipulation.
2. Psychological Analysis of Angelo: Angelo, in Measure for Measure, is a fascinating character for
psychological analysis. His public image of moral righteousness hides a lustful and corrupt
interior. His transformation when he propositions Isabella is a stunning revelation of his true self.
His character can be studied using Freud's theory of repression or Carl Jung's idea of the shadow
self. These theories can provide a deeper understanding of Angelo's moral decline and the
human capacity for hypocrisy and self-deception.
3. Measure for Measure as a #MeToo Story: Isabella's predicament in the play mirrors the
experiences of many women who have come forward as part of the #MeToo movement. Angelo,
in a position of power, sexually harasses her and attempts to coerce her into a sexual act. This
reflects the disturbing reality of power abuse and sexual harassment that many women face.
Studying the play from this perspective can illuminate how these issues have been ingrained in
society for centuries and continue to affect women today.
4. Measure for Measure in the Era of Cancel Culture: Public shaming and ostracization is a
significant part of Measure for Measure. This can be compared to the modern "cancel culture,"
where individuals, especially public figures, are publicly criticized and boycotted for their
mistakes or perceived wrongdoings. This comparison can lead to discussions about the
effectiveness of such strategies in bringing about change and the potential for misuse.
5. The Concept of Justice in Other Cultures: Measure for Measure focuses heavily on justice. The
Western concept of retributive justice, as depicted in the play, can be contrasted with the ideas
of justice in other cultures, such as restorative justice in Indigenous cultures, or the concept of
karma in Eastern philosophies. This comparison can offer a broader understanding of justice and
its various interpretations across cultures.
6. Exploring the Absence of Mothers: The absence of mother figures in Measure for Measure may
serve to highlight the vulnerability of female characters like Isabella and Juliet. Without a mother
figure to guide or protect them, they are subject to the whims of male characters. This can lead
to a broader discussion on gender roles and the portrayal of women in Shakespearean plays and
how it reflects the societal norms of the time.
7. Narrative Perspective: A unique approach could be to rewrite a scene or the entire play from the
perspective of a minor character, such as Pompey or Mariana. By doing so, students can gain a
fresh perspective on the main events and possibly highlight overlooked aspects of the play. This
exercise can also help students understand the importance of perspective in storytelling and
how it shapes the narrative.
8. Setting Change: The setting of a play significantly influences its themes and character
interactions. If Measure for Measure were set in a different time or place, such as a
contemporary, progressive society, the power dynamics and the characters' responses to their
situations might alter. This can be an exciting exercise in understanding how social and cultural
contexts influence literature.
9. Exploring the Theme of Surveillance: The Duke's use of spying and surveillance in Measure for
Measure can be related to modern concerns about privacy and the extensive data collection in
the digital age. This can lead to a discussion of
10. The Role of Religion: Religion plays a significant role in Measure for Measure, influencing the
character's choices and the play's themes. An examination of the role of religion in the play, and
how it shapes the characters' actions, particularly Isabella's, can be enlightening. For example,
the struggle Isabella faces between her religious conviction and her brother's life can provide
insights into the powerful influence of religion on moral decisions.
11. The Use of Humor: Measure for Measure is often considered a problem play or a dark comedy.
The humorous elements, often introduced through characters like Lucio and Pompey, serve as a
sharp contrast to the grave themes of the play. An exploration of the function of humor in the
play can reveal how it serves to highlight the severity of the main issues and provides
commentary on the characters and their actions.
12. A Close Reading of the Title: The title "Measure for Measure" is a biblical reference and suggests
the concept of equivalent retaliation or justice. An in-depth exploration of the significance of the
title can provide a fresh perspective on the play. It can lead to discussions about whether the
characters get what they deserve and if justice is truly served.
13. Exploring the Theme of Hypocrisy: Hypocrisy is a central theme in Measure for Measure, with
characters like Angelo and the Duke saying one thing and doing another. An analysis of this
theme can provide insights into the characters' moral complexities and the play's critique of
social and moral pretenses.
14. Modern Adaptations: Modern adaptations of Measure for Measure can provide a fresh
perspective on the play. Comparing the original play with its adaptations can reveal how
different cultural and temporal contexts influence the interpretation of the play's themes and
characters.
15. Analyzing Unspoken Power Dynamics: The power dynamics between the characters often go
beyond their stated roles and positions. For instance, despite his position as a condemned
criminal, Claudio exerts a significant influence over Isabella's actions. Analyzing these unspoken
power dynamics can provide a more nuanced understanding of the characters' relationships and
the play's underlying themes.
16. Feminist Reading of Measure for Measure: A feminist analysis of the play might focus on the
ways in which Isabella navigates the patriarchal society she lives in, and how her decisions reflect
her resistance to or acceptance of these societal norms. This analysis can lead to a broader
discussion of the portrayal of women in literature and society's expectations of them.
17. The Concept of Chastity: The play places a high value on chastity, particularly for women. An
exploration of how these notions have evolved over time can provide a modern perspective on
the characters' actions and attitudes.
18. Exploring the Theme of Reputation: Reputation plays a vital role in the play, with characters like
Angelo and Isabella striving to protect theirs. A comparison of the importance of reputation in
the play and in modern society can offer interesting insights.
19. The Role of Minor Characters: The minor characters in Measure for Measure often serve as foils
to the main characters, highlighting their flaws and virtues. An in-depth study of these minor
characters can provide a fuller understanding of the main characters and the themes of the play.
20. The Use of Soliloquies: Measure for Measure features several soliloquies that provide insights
into the characters' inner thoughts and motivations. A close analysis of these soliloquies can
shed light on the characters' development and the play's themes.
Prompt 2
1. Character Analysis: Analyze the main characters, such as Duke Vincentio, Isabella, Angelo, and
Claudio, focusing on their motivations, moral dilemmas, and development throughout the play.
2. Plot Summary: Provide a detailed summary of the play's plot, including the major events and
turning points that drive the story forward.
3. Themes: Explore the key themes of the play, such as justice, morality, and the abuse of power.
Discuss how these themes are presented and developed through the actions of the characters.
4. Setting: Discuss the significance of the play's setting in Vienna and how it contributes to the story
and its themes.
5. Use of Language: Examine Shakespeare's use of language, including his use of imagery,
metaphor, and wordplay, and how it enhances the play's themes and characterization.
6. Structure: Analyze the structure of the play, including its acts and scenes, and discuss how it
contributes to the development of the plot and themes.
7. Historical Context: Explore the historical context of Measure for Measure, focusing on the social,
political, and religious climate of the time in which it was written.
8. Symbolism: Identify and discuss the use of symbols in the play, such as the bed trick and the
scales of justice, and explain their significance.
9. Genre: Discuss the classification of Measure for Measure as a problem play or a dark comedy,
and consider how it fits into the broader context of Shakespeare's works.
10. Performance History: Explore the performance history of Measure for Measure, including
notable productions and adaptations, and discuss how these interpretations have influenced the
play's reception and understanding.
11. The Role of the Duke: The Duke is a central character in the play, and his motivations and
methods can be a rich topic of study. You can discuss the Duke's decision to disguise himself as a
friar, his manipulation of other characters, and his concept of justice.
12. Isabella's Dilemma: Isabella's moral and ethical dilemma forms a significant part of the play's
conflict. You can analyze her struggle to choose between her brother's life and her own chastity,
and discuss her decisions and their implications.
13. Comparisons with Other Works: Shakespeare's plays often share similar themes and character
types. Compare Measure for Measure with another Shakespeare play, discussing similarities and
differences in how themes and characters are portrayed.
14. Law and Morality: The conflict between law and morality is a major theme in Measure for
Measure. Discuss the portrayal of this conflict in the play, and how different characters navigate
it.
15. The Role of Women: Women's roles in society, as portrayed in the play, can be a topic of study.
Discuss the characters of Isabella, Mariana, and Mistress Overdone, and how they navigate their
societal roles.
16. Justice and Mercy: Measure for Measure deals with the themes of justice and mercy in depth.
Discuss how these themes are portrayed and the balance struck between them in the play.
17. Role of Comic Characters: The comic characters, such as Lucio and Pompey, provide relief but
also offer commentary on the main plot. Discuss their roles and significance in the play.
18. Shakespeare's Writing Style: Analyze Shakespeare's writing style in Measure for Measure,
looking at his use of verse and prose, imagery, and other literary devices.
19. Ending of the Play: The ending of Measure for Measure has been a subject of debate among
scholars. Discuss your interpretation of the ending, and whether you consider it happy, tragic, or
ambiguous.
20. The Title's Significance: The title "Measure for Measure" suggests themes of justice and
retribution. Discuss how the title relates to the events of the play and its major themes.
Simple Answers
1) Character Analysis: The characters in "Measure for Measure" are complex and well-developed. For
example, Duke Vincentio is portrayed as a wise and just ruler, but his decision to disguise himself and his
manipulation of other characters also raises questions about his methods.
2) Plot Summary: The plot of "Measure for Measure" revolves around Duke Vincentio's decision to leave
Angelo in charge of Vienna, Angelo's strict enforcement of the law, and the moral dilemmas faced by
characters like Isabella and Claudio.
3) Themes: The major themes of "Measure for Measure" include justice, morality, and power. These
themes are explored through the actions and decisions of the characters, such as Angelo's misuse of
power and Isabella's moral dilemma.
4) Setting: The setting of Vienna in "Measure for Measure" is significant as it represents a city in moral
decay, which is reflected in the actions of its citizens and rulers.
5) Use of Language: Shakespeare's use of language in "Measure for Measure" is rich and complex,
employing imagery, metaphors, and wordplay to convey the play's themes and characters' emotions.
6) Structure: The structure of "Measure for Measure", divided into acts and scenes, allows for the
development of the plot and themes. It also enhances dramatic tension and character development.
7) Historical Context: The historical context of "Measure for Measure" is important as it was written
during a time of significant social, political, and religious change in England.
8) Symbolism: Symbols in "Measure for Measure", such as the bed trick and the scales of justice, serve to
highlight the play's themes of justice and morality.
9) Genre: "Measure for Measure" is often classified as a problem play or a dark comedy due to its blend
of dramatic and comedic elements and its exploration of complex moral issues.
10) Performance History: The performance history of "Measure for Measure" includes various
interpretations and adaptations, which have contributed to our understanding and appreciation of the
play.
11) The Role of the Duke: Duke Vincentio is a central figure who, despite his seemingly just nature,
manipulates situations and individuals to serve his purpose. His actions raise questions about power,
manipulation, and moral leadership.
12) Isabella's Dilemma: Isabella faces a moral quandary: save her brother's life at the cost of her chastity.
This dilemma highlights themes of personal morality versus public duty, and the conflict between
religious virtue and worldly justice.
13) Comparisons with Other Works: Comparing "Measure for Measure" with other Shakespearean plays
can reveal shared themes and character archetypes, offering insight into Shakespeare's recurring
concerns and stylistic patterns.
14) Law and Morality: The play presents a complex picture of law and morality. Characters like Angelo
enforce the law without compassion, while others, like the Duke, manipulate the law for arguably moral
ends.
15) The Role of Women: Women in the play are shown navigating restrictive societal roles. Characters
like Isabella, Mariana, and Mistress Overdone highlight the limited options and moral complexities faced
by women in a patriarchal society.
16) Justice and Mercy: "Measure for Measure" explores the tension between justice and mercy.
Characters like Angelo represent strict justice, while the Duke's actions point towards the necessity of
mercy within justice.
17) Role of Comic Characters: Comic characters in the play, such as Lucio and Pompey, provide comic
relief but also serve as a commentary on the main action, highlighting the hypocrisy and moral
complexities of Vienna's society.
18) Shakespeare's Writing Style (continued): His use of both verse and prose, his skillful wordplay, and
his ability to create dramatic tension and memorable characters all contribute to the richness of the play.
19) Exploring Morality: The play raises questions about moral conduct in public and private life. It forces
characters and the audience to contemplate difficult ethical questions, making it a rich text for exploring
the theme of morality.
20) Interpretations and Adaptations: "Measure for Measure" has been interpreted and adapted in
various ways over the centuries. Examining different interpretations, such as stage performances, film
adaptations, and critical essays, can provide new perspectives on the play's themes and characters.
More In-Depth Answers
1. Character Analysis: The characters in "Measure for Measure" are multifaceted, making them
worthy subjects for analysis. Duke Vincentio, for instance, is a figure of authority who tests the
virtue of his subjects through deception. Angelo, who initially seems virtuous, is later revealed to
be hypocritical and morally corrupt. Isabella, a young nun, becomes the moral center of the play,
her internal struggles representing the moral dilemma at the play’s heart. Lucio, Pompey, and
Mistress Overdone provide comic relief, but their characters also underscore the moral decay of
Vienna.
2. Plot Summary: Understanding the plot of "Measure for Measure" is crucial. It revolves around
Duke Vincentio's decision to leave Angelo in charge of Vienna, and the subsequent fallout when
Angelo strictly enforces Vienna's long-ignored laws regarding sexual conduct. This results in a
moral crisis for Isabella when her brother Claudio is sentenced to death. The Duke's secretive
intervention leads to a series of deceptions and mistaken identities that ultimately expose
Angelo's hypocrisy and save Claudio's life.
3. Themes: The themes of "Measure for Measure" are multifaceted and deep. The theme of justice
is central as the play explores the tension between strict law enforcement and the need for
mercy. The theme of morality is explored through the characters' actions and decisions, with
questions of virtue, sin, and redemption at the forefront. The theme of power is also crucial,
particularly the abuse of power and the relationship between power and corruption.
4. Setting: The play is set in Vienna, a city depicted as being in a state of moral decay. The city
serves as a mirror for the characters, reflecting the moral ambiguities and corruption present
within each of them. The setting in the city's prison and its streets serve to highlight the punitive
laws and societal decay.
5. Use of Language: Shakespeare's language in "Measure for Measure" is complex. He employs a

range of linguistic devices, including puns, metaphors, and dramatic irony, to explore the play's
themes and characters. The play's title itself is a biblical allusion, pointing to the overarching
theme of justice.
6. Structure: "Measure for Measure" follows a five-act structure common in Shakespeare's plays.
Each act advances the plot and develops the themes. The structure also allows for dramatic
tension and pacing, with comedic elements serving to offset the serious themes.
7. Historical Context: The play was written during the reign of King James I, a period of significant
social, political, and religious change in England. Understanding this context can shed light on
the play's exploration of law, morality, and authority.
8. Symbolism: The play uses symbolism to emphasize its themes. The bed trick, for instance,
symbolizes deceit and mistaken identity, while the scales of justice symbolize the balance
between mercy and punishment.
9. Genre: The play is often categorized as a problem play or a dark comedy due to its mix of
comedic and tragic elements. It deals with serious moral issues, yet also contains elements of
farce and comedy.
10. Performance History: "Measure for Measure" has a rich performance history, with various
productions offering different interpretations of the play's themes and characters. Studying
these interpretations can provide valuable insights into the play's enduring relevance and
versatility.
11. Religious Undertones: "Measure for Measure" explores religious themes such as sin, forgiveness,
mercy, and justice. Isabella, for example, is a novice nun whose chastity is threatened by
Angelo's proposition. Her struggle to choose between her brother's life and her vow of chastity
represents the conflict between religious duty and worldly concerns.
12. Law and Justice: This play is a critical examination of law enforcement and the justice system.
Angelo's strict enforcement of the law, contrasted with the Duke's belief in mercy, raises
questions about the nature of justice and the role of the law. The concept of 'measure for
measure' justice, where punishment exactly fits the crime, is questioned throughout the play.
13. Gender Roles: The play provides a critique of the gender roles and expectations of Shakespeare's
time. Isabella's predicament exposes the vulnerability of women in a patriarchal society.
Mariana's story also highlights the disadvantages and vulnerabilities faced by women.
14. Moral Ambiguity: "Measure for Measure" is marked by moral ambiguity. Characters who initially
appear virtuous (like Angelo) are revealed to be morally corrupt, while characters who seem
immoral (like the bawds and prostitutes) show instances of kindness and integrity. The play
presents a world where moral certainties are not clear-cut.
15. Power Dynamics: The play scrutinizes the dynamics of power. Duke Vincentio's decision to test
his subjects by disguising himself as a friar reveals the potential for abuse of power. Angelo's
misuse of his temporary power also highlights the corrupting influence of authority.
16. Shakespeare's Sources: "Measure for Measure" was influenced by several sources, including
George Whetstone's "Promos and Cassandra" and the biblical parable of the unjust judge.
Studying these sources can provide insight into how Shakespeare adapted existing stories and
themes.
17. Comparative Analysis: Comparing "Measure for Measure" with other works by Shakespeare,
such as "The Merchant of Venice" or "Hamlet," can provide insights into common themes and
stylistic elements in Shakespeare's plays. For instance, the theme of justice and mercy is central
to both "Measure for Measure" and "The Merchant of Venice."
18. Shakespeare's Writing Style: Shakespeare's use of iambic pentameter and prose, his wordplay,
metaphors, and other linguistic techniques all contribute to the richness of the play. His use of
dramatic irony, soliloquies, and asides serves to develop character and enhance the dramatic
tension.
19. Exploring Morality: "Measure for Measure" raises complex questions about morality in both
public and private life. Characters such as Isabella, Angelo, and the Duke grapple with moral
dilemmas, making the play a rich text for exploring issues of morality and ethics.
20. Interpretations and Adaptations: The play has been interpreted and adapted in various ways
over the centuries, from stage and film adaptations to critical essays. These interpretations can
shed new light on the characters, themes, and moral questions posed by the play.
Prompt 3 - Curveball Questions
1. How does the Duke's management of power and authority in "Measure for Measure" reflect on
the concepts of leadership and responsibility? Discuss with reference to specific scenes in the
play.
2. "Measure for Measure" is often classified as one of Shakespeare's 'problem plays'. In your view,
what are the key 'problems' the play presents and how does Shakespeare explore them?
3. Discuss the theme of justice in "Measure for Measure". How does the concept of 'measure for
measure' justice play out in the drama?
4. How does Shakespeare use the character of Isabella to challenge or uphold the gender norms of
his time? Provide examples from the text to support your answer.
5. Angelo is often seen as the antagonist of "Measure for Measure". How does Shakespeare
present his character and what is his role in the play's exploration of power, justice, and
morality?
6. The bed trick and the veil trick are pivotal plot devices in "Measure for Measure". How do these
devices contribute to the play's themes and character development?
7. How does the setting of Vienna in "Measure for Measure" contribute to the play's exploration of
morality, corruption, and law enforcement?
8. The title "Measure for Measure" suggests a form of justice where the punishment exactly fits the
crime. To what extent is this form of justice achieved in the play?
9. Discuss the role of the minor characters in "Measure for Measure". How do they contribute to
the play's themes and dramatic effect?
10. "Measure for Measure" ends with a series of proposed marriages. What is the significance of
these proposals and how do they contribute to the play's resolution?
Answers
1. The Duke in "Measure for Measure" abdicates his responsibilities, allowing for an exploration of
leadership and its absence. His management of power is often indirect and manipulative, as seen
in his disguise as a friar and manipulation of other characters.
2. The key 'problems' in "Measure for Measure" often center around morality and justice. The play
presents difficult questions regarding the nature of justice, the abuse of power, and the moral
complexities of human behavior, which often remain unresolved.
3. The theme of justice is central in "Measure for Measure". The play explores a variety of justice
forms, from the harsh, punitive justice of Angelo to the more merciful justice of the Duke.
However, the 'measure for measure' justice suggested by the title is often subverted or
complicated in the play.
4. Isabella in "Measure for Measure" both upholds and challenges gender norms. While she initially
seems to embody the virtues of chastity and piety associated with women in Shakespeare's
time, her powerful eloquence and moral courage also challenge these norms.
5. Angelo in "Measure for Measure" is presented as a strict, morally upright character who
nevertheless succumbs to temptation. His character allows Shakespeare to explore themes of
hypocrisy, power abuse, and the complexities of human morality.
6. The bed trick and the veil trick in "Measure for Measure" contribute to the play's themes by
revealing the characters' moral complexities and challenging traditional notions of justice and
morality.
7. Vienna in "Measure for Measure" is a city rife with vice and corruption, providing a fitting
backdrop for the play's exploration of morality, corruption, and law enforcement.
8. The concept of 'measure for measure' justice is complicated in the play. While certain characters
receive punishments fitting their crimes, others, like Angelo, do not, suggesting a more complex
and nuanced concept of justice.
9. The minor characters in "Measure for Measure" often serve as foils to the main characters or
contribute to the play's comedic elements, thereby enhancing its themes and dramatic effect.
10. The proposed marriages at the end of "Measure for Measure" provide a conventional comedic
ending but also raise questions about the characters' future and the nature of justice and
resolution in the play.
30 More Questions
Questions 11-30:
11) How does Shakespeare use dramatic irony in "Measure for Measure" to enhance the play's themes?
How does the play's setting contribute to its exploration of morality and justice?
How do the play's comedic elements interact with its more serious themes?
How is the theme of hypocrisy presented in "Measure for Measure"?
How does "Measure for Measure" explore the relationship between power and corruption?
How does "Measure for Measure" challenge or uphold traditional notions of virtue and morality?
How is the theme of sexual desire and repression explored in "Measure for Measure"?
How does the play present the conflict between public duty and private desires?
How does "Measure for Measure" explore the concept of mercy?
20) How does "Measure for Measure" use disguise and deception to enhance its themes?
How does the character of Isabella embody the tension between religious devotion and secular
authority in the play?
What does the title "Measure for Measure" suggest about the play's themes of justice and retribution?
How does Shakespeare use the character of the Duke to examine the qualities of a good ruler?
How does "Measure for Measure" interrogate the concept of 'public' versus 'private' morality?
In what ways does "Measure for Measure" explore the notion of 'purity'?
How does "Measure for Measure" challenge or support the patriarchal norms of its time?
How does the play use its minor characters to enhance its central themes?
How does "Measure for Measure" comment on the nature of law and order?
How does the subplot of Mariana contribute to the overall narrative and themes of the play?
30) How does the play's conclusion serve to resolve or complicate its central conflicts and themes?
Potential Answers:
11) Dramatic irony in "Measure for Measure" often enhances the play's themes by highlighting the
discrepancy between appearance and reality, such as the Duke's disguise as a friar.
The setting of Vienna, a city rife with vice and corruption, enhances the play's exploration of morality
and justice by providing a backdrop that mirrors these themes.
The comedic elements in "Measure for Measure" often serve to highlight its more serious themes by
contrasting them with humor and satire.
Hypocrisy is a central theme in "Measure for Measure", embodied in characters like Angelo, who
outwardly upholds strict moral standards while privately succumbing to temptation.
"Measure for Measure" explores the relationship between power and corruption through characters like
Angelo, whose abuse of power reveals the potential for corruption inherent in authority.
"Measure for Measure" both challenges and upholds traditional notions of virtue and morality,
presenting complex moral dilemmas that complicate these notions.
The theme of sexual desire and repression is central to "Measure for Measure", explored through
characters like Isabella and Angelo and their differing attitudes towards sexuality.
The play presents a conflict between public duty and private desires, such as Angelo's struggle between
his public role as deputy and his private lust for Isabella.
The concept of mercy is explored in "Measure for Measure" through characters like the Duke, whose
justice often incorporates elements of mercy and forgiveness.
20) Disguise and deception in "Measure for Measure" often serve to enhance its themes by revealing the
characters' hidden motives or the discrepancy between appearance and reality.
Isabella's character embodies the tension between religious devotion and secular authority, as her desire
to maintain her chastity comes into conflict with the secular powers of the Duke and Angelo.
The title "Measure for Measure" suggests a theme of 'just desserts' or retributive justice, with each
character receiving punishment or reward in accordance with their deeds.
Through the Duke, Shakespeare examines the qualities of a good ruler, with the Duke's fair but merciful
rule contrasted against Angelo's harsh and hypocritical governance.
The play interrogates 'public' versus 'private' morality through characters like Angelo, whose public
persona of moral rigor hides a private capacity for sin.
The notion of 'purity' is explored through Isabella, who maintains her chastity despite external pressures,
and Angelo, whose seeming 'purity' is revealed to be hypocrisy.
"Measure for Measure" both challenges and supports patriarchal norms, highlighting the oppression of
women like Isabella and Mariana while also endorsing patriarchal authority through characters like the
Duke.
Minor characters like Lucio and Mariana enhance the play's themes, offering additional perspectives on
its central issues of morality, justice, and hypocrisy.
The play comments on law and order through its depiction of Vienna's moral decay, the Duke's lax rule,
and Angelo's harsh enforcement of the law.
Mariana's subplot contributes to the narrative and themes by offering a parallel to Isabella's
predicament and highlighting the injustices of the play's patriarchal society.
30) The play's conclusion both resolves and complicates its central conflicts, with characters receiving
their 'just desserts' but also raising questions about the nature of justice and mercy.
Prompt 4 - Grinde Mind Map (Inaccurate)

Central Idea: "Measure for Measure" by William Shakespeare
Main Branches and Sub-Branches:
1) Characters
Duke Vincentio: Disguise, Manipulation, Justice
Angelo: Hypocrisy, Power abuse, Lust
Isabella: Virtue, Dilemma, Sacrifice
2) Themes
Justice and Mercy: Angelo's strict enforcement, Duke's tempered justice
Power: Duke's abdication and reclamation, Angelo's misuse
Morality: Isabella's virtue, Angelo's vice
3) Motifs and Symbols
Bed Trick: Deception, Identity
The Law: Order, Morality
4) Context
Shakespearean Drama: Comedy vs Tragedy
Historical Background: Elizabethan views on law and order, religion
5) Style
Language: Prose vs Verse, Use of puns and wordplay
Dramatic Irony: Duke's disguise, Angelo's private sin
6) Critical Interpretations
Feminist Critique: Isabella's agency, Mariana's role
Political Readings: Examination of power dynamics
Psychoanalytic Views: Characters' inner desires and drives
Prompt 5 - Normal Mindmap
Central Idea: "Measure for Measure" by William Shakespeare
Main Branches and Sub-Branches:
Characters
Duke Vincentio: Authority, Morality, Disguise
Angelo: Power, Corruption, Lust
Isabella: Virtue, Sacrifice, Dilemma
Claudio: Punishment, Fear, Brotherly love
Themes
Justice vs Mercy: The law's rigidity, The power of forgiveness

Power and Authority: Abuse of power, The true nature of authority
Chastity and Sexual Morality: Value of virginity, Sexual corruption
Motifs and Symbols
The Law: Represents order and justice
The Bed Trick: Deception, Identity
The Veil of the Monastery: Symbolizes purity and chastity
Historical and Cultural Context
Elizabethan Era: Religious and social norms
Shakespeare's Plays: Comparison with other works
Literary Devices
Dramatic Irony: Duke's disguise, Angelo's hypocrisy
Verse and Prose: The choice of language for different characters
Symbolism: The use of objects or actions to represent larger ideas
Critical Analysis
Feminist Interpretations: The role and treatment of women
Historical Interpretations: The play's reflection of its time
Psychoanalytical Readings: Inner desires and motivations of characters
Prompt 6 - 21 MCQs
1) Question: In Shakespeare's "Measure for Measure", what is the primary reason for Duke Vincentio's
decision to disguise himself as a friar?
A) He wants to escape his responsibilities as Duke.
B) He wants to test Angelo's ability to govern in his absence.
C) He wants to monitor the actions of his subjects without their knowledge.
D) He wants to join the church and leave his life of power.
E) He wants to travel to another country without being recognized.
Correct Answer: C) He wants to monitor the actions of his subjects without their knowledge.
Explanation:
A) This is not correct. While Duke Vincentio does hand over his power to Angelo, there's no indication
that he wants to permanently escape his responsibilities.
B) This is partially correct. While the Duke does leave Angelo in charge, his main objective isn't to test
Angelo but to observe the actions of his subjects.
C) This is correct. Duke Vincentio disguises himself as a friar to observe his subjects' behaviour without
their knowledge, which allows him to see their true nature.
D) This is not correct. There's no suggestion that the Duke wishes to leave his life of power permanently
and join the church.
E) This is not correct. The Duke doesn't express a desire to travel or to leave his domain. His primary
focus is on the governance of Vienna.
What does Isabella threaten to do when Angelo propositions her?
A) To tell the Duke
B) To kill Angelo
C) To kill herself
D) To expose Angelo publicly
E) To accept his proposition
Correct Answer: D) To expose Angelo publicly. She threatens to reveal his hypocrisy and dishonorable
intentions.
How does Mariana end up married to Angelo?
A) He proposes to her
B) The Duke arranges their marriage
C) She tricks him into thinking he slept with her
D) Isabella convinces Angelo to marry her
E) She begs him to marry her
Correct Answer: C) She tricks him into thinking he slept with her. This is facilitated by the 'bed trick'
where Angelo believes he is sleeping with Isabella.
Which character initially sentenced Claudio to death?
A) The Duke
B) Angelo
C) Isabella
D) Lucio
E) Mariana
Correct Answer: B) Angelo. He was the one who pronounced the death sentence on Claudio for
fornication.
Who of the following characters knows about the Duke's disguise?
A) Angelo
B) Isabella
C) Mariana
D) Lucio
E) None of the above
Correct Answer: E) None of the above. The Duke keeps his disguise a secret from all the characters until
the very end.
Why does the Duke return to Vienna in disguise?
A) To escape from his responsibilities
B) To spy on his subjects
C) To depose Angelo
D) To marry Isabella
Correct Answer: B) To spy on his subjects. He wants to understand the true nature of his people and the
effects of his laws.
How does the Duke finally reveal his true identity?
A) He takes off his disguise in public
B) He tells Isabella privately

C) He announces it at Claudio's execution
D) He never reveals his true identity
E) Angelo recognizes him
Correct Answer: A) He takes off his disguise in public. In the final act, the Duke reveals himself to all the
characters and the audience.
What is the Duke's final decree in the play?
A) That Claudio should be executed
B) That Angelo should be executed
C) That he will marry Isabella
D) That Angelo and Mariana should be married
E) That all the prisoners should be released
Correct Answer: D) That Angelo and Mariana should be married. This is part of the Duke's plan to bring
justice and restore order.
What does Pompey do for a living?
A) He is a friar
B) He is a pimp
C) He is a soldier
D) He is a baker
E) He is a teacher
Correct Answer: B) He is a pimp. Pompey is a comic character who provides a critique of Vienna's moral
hypocrisy.
Why does Isabella visit Angelo in the first place?
A) To beg for Claudio's life
B) To confess her sins
C) To offer him a bribe

D) To propose marriage
E) To kill him
Correct Answer: A) To beg for Claudio's life. Isabella, a novice nun, pleads with Angelo for her brother's
life.
10) What is the major theme of "Measure for Measure"?
A) Love and marriage
B) Justice and mercy
C) War and peace
D) Wealth and poverty
E) Life and death
Correct Answer: B) Justice and mercy.
Which character disguises themselves as a friar?
A) Angelo
B) Isabella
C) Mariana
D) The Duke
E) Claudio
Correct Answer: D) The Duke. The Duke disguises himself as a friar to observe the city and its people
without being recognized.
Which character is a bawd, or brothel owner?
A) Mistress Overdone
B) Pompey
C) Isabella
D) Angelo
E) The Duke
Correct Answer: A) Mistress Overdone. She is a character who provides comic relief and also
commentary on the hypocrisy of Vienna's laws.
What is the bed trick that is used in the play?
A) Angelo thinks he is sleeping with Isabella, but it is actually Mariana
B) The Duke thinks he is sleeping with Isabella, but it is actually Mariana
C) Angelo thinks he is sleeping with Mistress Overdone, but it is actually Mariana
D) Claudio thinks he is sleeping with Juliet, but it is actually Isabella
E) Pompey thinks he is sleeping with Mistress Overdone, but it is actually Isabella
Correct Answer: A) Angelo thinks he is sleeping with Isabella, but it is actually Mariana. This is a key plot
twist in the play.
Who is Juliet?
A) The Duke's wife
B) Angelo's wife
C) Isabella's friend
D) Claudio's lover
E) Mariana's sister
Correct Answer: D) Claudio's lover. Juliet is pregnant with Claudio's child, which is why he is sentenced to
death for fornication.
Why does Angelo sentence Claudio to death?
A) Because Claudio insulted him
B) Because Claudio stole from him
C) Because Claudio killed someone
D) Because Claudio is a threat to his power
E) Because Claudio had sex before marriage
Correct Answer: E) Because Claudio had sex before marriage. Angelo is strictly enforcing Vienna's laws
and sentences Claudio to death for this crime.
Who saves Claudio from execution?
A) Isabella
B) The Duke
C) Angelo
D) Pompey
E) Mariana
Correct Answer: B) The Duke. The Duke devises a plan to save Claudio and bring justice to Vienna.
What does Isabella do at the end of the play?
A) She kills Angelo
B) She marries the Duke
C) She becomes a nun
D) She leaves Vienna
E) The play leaves it ambiguous
Correct Answer: E) The play leaves it ambiguous. The Duke proposes to Isabella but her response is not
shown, leaving her final decision open to interpretation.
Who is Escalus?
A) A friar
B) A pimp
C) A judge
D) A prisoner
E) A baker
Correct Answer: C) A judge. Escalus is a wise and just character who serves as a contrast to Angelo.
What does the Duke learn from his disguise?
A) That he is not a good ruler

B) That Angelo is a better ruler
C) That Vienna's laws are too strict
D) The true nature of his subjects and their opinions of his laws
E) That he loves Isabella
Correct Answer: D) The true nature of his subjects and their opinions of his laws. The Duke learns about
the effects of his laws and the hypocrisy in his city.
20) What is the main setting of the play?
A) Rome
B) Venice
C) Vienna
D) London
E) Paris
Correct Answer
Prompt 7 - 50 More MCQs
1) Who is the main antagonist in "Measure for Measure"?
A) The Duke
B) Angelo
C) Claudio
D) Isabella
E) Mariana
What is the occupation of Isabella?
A) Queen
B) Nun
C) Servant
D) Maid
E) Actress
What is the main crime Claudio commits that leads to his arrest?
A) Theft
B) Murder
C) Adultery
D) Treason
E) Fornication
Who proposes a solution to Isabella that will save Claudio's life?
A) The Duke
B) Angelo
C) Lucio
D) Mariana
E) Escalus
Who disguises himself as a friar in the play?
A) Angelo
B) Isabella
C) The Duke
D) Pompey
E) Claudio
Who is the first character to speak in the play?
A) The Duke
B) Angelo
C) Claudio
D) Isabella
E) Escalus
Who is the last character to speak in the play?
A) The Duke
B) Angelo
C) Claudio
D) Isabella
E) Lucio
Who convinces Isabella to plead for Claudio’s life?
A) The Duke
B) Angelo
C) Lucio
D) Mariana
E) Juliet
Who is the mother of Claudio’s child?
A) Isabella
B) Mariana
C) Juliet
D) Mistress Overdone
Who is Pompey’s employer?
A) The Duke
B) Angelo
C) Claudio
E) Escalus
Who does the Duke plan to marry at the end of the play?
A) Isabella
B) Mariana
C) Juliet
Who is revealed to be alive at the end of the play?
A) The Duke
B) Angelo
C) Claudio
D) Isabella
E) Lucio
Who is Angelo’s betrothed?
A) Isabella
B) Mariana
C) Juliet
Who does Angelo think he sleeps with in the “bed trick”?

A) Isabella
B) Mariana
C) Juliet
Who devises the “bed trick”?
A) The Duke
B) Angelo
C) Lucio
D) Mariana
E) Escalus
Who is the Provost loyal to?
A) The Duke
B) Angelo
C) Claudio
D) Isabella
E) Lucio
Who is executed in place of Claudio?
A) Barnardine
B) Ragozine
C) Pompey
D) Escalus

Who is known for his wit and humor in the play?
A) The Duke
B) Angelo
C) Claudio
D) Lucio
E) Isabella
Who is punished for slandering the Duke?
A) Angelo
B) Lucio
C) Claudio
D) Isabella
E) Pompey
20) Who is the ruler of Vienna?
A) The Duke
B) Angelo
C) Claudio
D) Isabella
Who is the main character of the play?
A) The Duke
B) Angelo
C) Claudio
D) Isabella
E) Mariana
Who does the Duke appoint as his deputy when he leaves Vienna?
A) The Duke
B) Angelo
C) Claudio
D) Isabella
E) Mariana
How does Angelo take advantage of his position of power?
A) He relaxes the laws
B) He enforces the laws strictly
C) He corrupts the government
D) He betrays the Duke
How does Isabella react when Angelo proposes a way for her to save Claudio's life?
A) She agrees immediately
B) She refuses and threatens to expose him
C) She accepts reluctantly
D) She asks for time to think
Who does the Duke disguise himself as?
A) A friar
B) A soldier
C) A courtier
D) A jester
E) A jailer
How does the Duke save Claudio from execution?
A) He pardons him
B) He replaces him with another prisoner
C) He convinces Angelo to change his mind
D) He breaks him out of jail
How does Isabella learn that Claudio is still alive?
A) The Duke tells her
B) Angelo tells her
C) She sees him
D) Lucio tells her
Who is the comic relief in the play?
A) The Duke
B) Angelo
C) Pompey
D) Lucio
E) Claudio
What is the central theme of "Measure for Measure"?
A) Justice
B) Power
C) Love
D) Deceit
E) All of the above
Who does Isabella plead with to save Claudio's life?
A) The Duke
B) Angelo
C) Mariana
D) Lucio
E) Escalus
Who does Angelo become engaged to at the end of the play?
A) Isabella
B) Mariana
C) Juliet
How does the Duke reveal his true identity?
A) He takes off his disguise
B) He tells Isabella
C) He confronts Angelo
D) He announces it publicly
Who is Claudio's sister?
A) Isabella
B) Mariana
C) Juliet
Who is Mariana's former fiance?
A) The Duke
B) Angelo
C) Claudio
D) Lucio
E) Pompey
Who does the Duke propose to at the end of the play?
A) Isabella
B) Mariana
C) Juliet
Who is Barnardine?
A) A friar
B) A judge
C) A prisoner
D) A soldier
E) A pimp
What is the setting of "Measure for Measure"?
A) Venice
B) Verona
C) Rome
D) Vienna
E) London
38) Who helps the Duke in his plans?
A) Angelo
B) Isabella
C) The Provost
D) Lucio
E) Pompey
What is the result of the "bed trick"?
A) Angelo is fooled into sleeping with Mariana
B) Isabella marries Angelo
C) The Duke marries Isabella
D) Claudio is saved from execution
Who does Pompey serve when he is in jail?
A) The Duke
B) Angelo
C) Claudio
D) Isabella
E) Abhorson
What does the Duke propose to Isabella at the end of the play?
A) That she become queen

B) That she marry him
C) That she take over Vienna
D) That she pardon Angelo
Who is the ruler of Vienna at the beginning of the play?
A) The Duke
B) Angelo
C) Claudio
D) Isabella
E) Escalus
Who does Isabella believe is dead at the end of the play?
A) The Duke
B) Angelo
C) Claudio
D) Mariana
Who is the main female character in the play?
A) Isabella
B) Mariana
C) Juliet
Who serves as a substitute for Claudio's execution?

A) The Duke
B) Angelo
C) Ragozine
D) Barnardine
What does Isabella do when Angelo propositions her?
A) She agrees
B) She slaps him
C) She threatens to expose him
D) She stays silent
What does "Measure for Measure" refer to?
A) An eye for an eye
B) The balance of power
C) The fairness of the law
D) The equality in relationships
E) All of the above
Who is the most morally upright character in the play?
A) The Duke
B) Angelo
C) Claudio
D) Isabella

Who is the least morally upright character in the play?
A) The Duke
B) Angelo
C) Claudio
D) Isabella
50) What genre does "Measure for Measure" belong to?
A) Comedy
B) Tragedy
C) History
D) Romance
E) Problem Play
Answers
1. C
2. B
3. D
4. A
5. E
6. D
7. A
8. C
9. B
10. D
11. E
12. C
13. A
14. B
15. D
16. C
17. A
18. B
19. D
20. C
21. A
22. B
23. D
24. C
25. E
26. D
27. A
28. C
29. B
30. D
31. A
32. E
33. C
34. D
35. A
36. B
37. E
38. C
39. A
40. E
41. B
42. A
43. C
44. A
45. C
46. C
47. E
48. D
49. B
50. E
Prompt 8 - 100 Fill-in-the-blank Worksheet
1. ________ is the severe deputy assigned by the Duke to rule Vienna in his absence.
2. The character of ________ represents chastity and virtue in the play.
3. The ________ of Vienna pretends to leave town but stays to observe the goings-on in his
absence.
4. "Measure for Measure" deals with the tension between ________ and ________.
5. The play is set in the city of ________.
6. The Duke ________ Angelo to enforce the laws in his stead.
7. Angelo's ________ to Isabella involves her sacrificing her virginity to save her brother.
8. One of the key themes of the play is ________.
9. ________ is a novice nun who pleads for her brother's life.
10. ________ is exposed as a hypocrite when he fails to adhere to the strict laws he enforces.
11. ________ is the brother of Isabella who is sentenced to death for impregnating Juliet out of
wedlock.
12. ________ is Angelo's jilted fiancee who helps to trick him into sleeping with her.
13. ________ is Claudio's pregnant girlfriend who is considered morally loose because they are not
yet officially married.
14. ________ is a bumbling constable who often mixes up his words and accuses the wrong people.
15. ________ is a clown and assistant to Mistress Overdone who often finds himself in trouble with
the law.
16. ________ is a foolish gentleman who ends up in a dispute at Mistress Overdone's brothel.
17. ________ is a wise and reasonable advisor to the Duke who believes in the importance of mercy.
18. ________ is a hardened criminal who has been sentenced to death but constantly avoids
execution.
19. ________ is a flamboyant gentleman and friend to Claudio who spreads false rumors about the
Duke.
20. ________ is the executioner in Vienna who is ready to perform his duty when called upon.
21. ________ is the city where the play "Measure for Measure" is set.
22. ________ is the woman who runs a brothel and is concerned about the new strict laws on sexual
immorality.
23. ________ is the ruler who disguises himself as a friar to observe what happens when he leaves
Angelo in charge.
24. ________ is the man who is left in charge of Vienna and strictly enforces the laws, sentencing
Claudio to death.
25. ________ is the virtuous sister of Claudio who pleads for his life.
26. The theme of ________ is explored as Isabella begs Angelo to spare her brother's life.
27. The theme of ________ is highlighted as Angelo strictly enforces the law without considering
individual circumstances.
28. The theme of ________ is presented as Angelo portrays himself as virtuous but is willing to
seduce Isabella.
29. The theme of ________ is illustrated as Duke Vincentio manipulates the characters to create a
just outcome.
30. The theme of ________ is central to the play as characters navigate the laws and their own
actions.
31. ________ is the woman who was once betrothed to Angelo and becomes part of the plan to
save Claudio.
32. ________ is the man sentenced to death for getting Juliet pregnant out of wedlock.
33. The ________ is a plot device used in the play, where Angelo is deceived into sleeping with
Mariana instead of Isabella.
34. The Duke disguises himself as a ________ to observe the city and its people.
35. The ________ in Vienna are strictly enforced by Angelo, leading to Claudio's death sentence.
36. The Duke uses a ________ to watch over the city and its inhabitants without them knowing his
true identity.
37. Claudio's death sentence is a severe ________ for a crime that was previously overlooked in
Vienna.
38. ________ is a significant theme in the play, with several proposed and actual marriages taking
place.
39. The ________ in Vienna's government is exposed when Angelo, a supposed paragon of virtue, is
revealed to be morally flawed.
40. The Duke eventually offers a ________ to Claudio, sparing him from execution.
41. The play, "Measure for Measure", is set in the city of ________.
42. Isabella pleads for ________ on behalf of her brother Claudio.
43. Angelo, in his new role, abuses his ________ and shows himself to be a hypocrite.
44. The play explores the theme of ________ and the balance between punishment and forgiveness.
45. Angelo's actions expose his ________, as he does not adhere to the same moral standards he
enforces.
46. Angelo's ________ at the end of the play does not seem sincere to some readers.
47. Isabella is portrayed as a symbol of ________ and purity.
48. The Duke's ________ in disguising himself as a friar drives the plot of the play.
49. The play raises questions about ________ and ethical conduct.
50. Claudio is sentenced to ________ for getting his fiancee pregnant.
51. Lucio's ________ is a stark contrast to Isabella's chastity.
52. The Duke, in ________ as a friar, gains insight into the citizens' lives.
53. Angelo believes in strict ________ as a deterrent for immoral behaviour.
54. Angelo faces ________ when he encounters Isabella's plea and her beauty.
55. Maintaining a good ________ is a recurring concern for many characters in the play.
56. Isabella's commitment to her ________ forms a significant aspect of her character.
57. The ________ within the legal and moral system of Vienna is a central theme.
58. Angelo's misuse of ________ is a critique of authoritarian rule.
59. The Duke's decision to delegate his ________ highlights the dangers of unchecked authority.
60. Angelo's strict ________ of Vienna's laws contrasts with the Duke's leniency.
61. Isabella's pleas for her brother's life highlight the theme of mercy versus ________.
62. Mariana's situation underscores the play's critique of women's lack of ________ in society.
63. The Duke's ________ as a friar allows him to manipulate events behind the scenes.
64. The threat of public ________ is used to control characters' behavior in the play.
65. Angelo's ________ to Isabella's pleas reveals his hypocrisy and corruption.
66. The ________ in Vienna serves as a backdrop to the play's exploration of morality.
67. Escalus represents the voice of wisdom and ________ in the play.
68. The play's ending suggests that justice and ________ can coexist.
69. The ________ of the Duke’s character is complex and contradictory in nature.
70. Measure for Measure explores the ________ of mercy and justice.
71. The play's ________ ending may leave some readers feeling unsatisfied.
72. The character of ________ is symbolic of the lower classes in Vienna.
73. The ________ between the public and private lives of the characters is a recurring theme.
74. Measure for Measure delves into the moral and ________ dilemmas faced by the characters.
75. The institution of ________ is critiqued throughout the play.
76. Isabella's virtuous character is tested when she is forced to make a ________ decision.
77. Angelo's fall from grace illustrates the destructive effects of ________.
78. The bed trick reveals the play's exploration of ________ and deceit.
79. The Duke's _______ to observe the city in disguise allows him to gain a new perspective.
80. The play is often categorized as a _______ due to its combination of serious and comedic
elements.
81. Angelo's _______ of power is a central theme in the play.
82. Measure for Measure investigates the concept of _______ and its implications.
83. The play's setting in Vienna, a city known for its ________, enhances the exploration of moral
issues.
84. Isabella's decision to enter a _______ plays a significant role in the plot.
85. The Duke's final _______ of marriages seems forced and out of character.
86. The character of Lucio provides _______ relief amidst the serious themes of the play.
87. The _______ between the Duke and Angelo highlights the theme of hypocrisy.
88. The _______ of the law and its application is a major topic in Measure for Measure.
89. Isabella's _______ to save her brother's life puts her in a difficult situation.
90. Mariana's _______ to Angelo is a crucial plot point in the play.
91. The Duke's _______ of Angelo's true nature is a pivotal moment.
92. The _______ of justice and mercy is a recurring theme in Measure for Measure.
93. The notion of _______ is challenged throughout the play.
94. The _______ solution to the issues in the play is a common critique of Measure for Measure.
95. Angelo's strict _______ of the law contrasts with the Duke's more lenient approach.
96. The _______ of the characters in the play represents different aspects of morality.
97. The _______ of the title, Measure for Measure, suggests a focus on justice and retribution.
98. The _______ of power between the Duke and Angelo forms the central conflict of the play.
99. The Duke's _______ at the end of the play brings all the characters together.
100. The _______ use of subplots in Measure for Measure adds complexity to the main plot.
Answers:
1. Angelo
2. Isabella
3. Duke
4. virtue, justice
5. Vienna
6. substitutes
7. proposition
8. hypocrisy
9. Isabella
10. Angelo
11. Claudio
12. Mariana
13. Juliet
14. Elbow
15. Pompey
16. Froth
17. Escalus
18. Barnardine
19. Lucio
20. Abhorson
21. Vienna
22. Mistress Overdone
23. Duke Vincentio
24. Angelo
25. Isabella
26. mercy
27. justice
28. hypocrisy
29. power
30. morality
31. Mariana
32. Claudio
33. bed-trick
34. friar
35. laws
36. disguise
37. punishment
38. marriage
39. corruption
40. pardon
41. Vienna
42. mercy
43. authority
44. justice
45. hypocrisy
46. repentance
47. virtue
48. deception
49. morality
50. execution
51. promiscuity
52. disguise
53. punishment
54. temptation
55. reputation
56. chastity
57. corruption
58. power
59. power
60. enforcement
61. justice
62. power
63. disguise
64. humiliation
65. resistance
66. promiscuity
67. moderation
68. mercy
69. portrayal
70. dichotomy
71. unresolved
72. Pompey
73. dichotomy
74. ethical
75. marriage
76. difficult
77. hypocrisy
78. manipulation
79. decision
80. problem play
81. abuse
82. justice
83. laxity
84. convent
85. pronouncement
86. comic
87. contrast
88. inconsistency
89. plea
90. betrothal
91. discovery
92. balance
93. virtue
94. contrived
95. enforcement
96. diversity
97. phrase
98. shift
99. revelation
100. strategic
Prompt 9 - Key Points to Study
1. Genre and Subgenre: "Measure for Measure" is a Shakespearean problem play. This means it is a
drama with elements of both comedy and tragedy and deals with complex moral issues.
2. Setting: The play is set in Vienna, an important detail because the city’s lax enforcement of the
laws and subsequent moral decay provide the backdrop for the play's exploration of justice and
mercy.
3. Major Characters: The Duke of Vienna, Angelo, and Isabella are the major characters. Each one
represents a different aspect of power, morality, and virtue.
4. Duke's Abdication and Test: The Duke’s abdication of power to Angelo and his disguise as a friar
to observe the consequences is a central plot point.
5. Angelo's Strict Morality: Angelo’s strict enforcement of the laws and his subsequent fall from
moral grace when he lusts after Isabella is a key character arc to understand.
6. Isabella's Dilemma: Isabella’s moral dilemma, whether to save her brother's life by sacrificing her
chastity to Angelo, is a central conflict in the play.
7. Theme of Justice vs. Mercy: The theme of justice versus mercy is paramount, as characters
struggle with the letter of the law versus the spirit of the law.
8. Use of Disguise and Deception: The use of disguise and deception, particularly by the Duke, is a
recurring element.
9. Bed Trick: The 'bed trick' involving Mariana, Angelo, and Isabella is a pivotal plot device that
brings about the resolution of the play.
10. Resolution and Marriage: The resolution of the play involves the Duke’s return to power, his offer
of marriage to Isabella, and his judgment on Angelo.
11. Measure for Measure: The title phrase 'measure for measure' appears in the text, representing
the theme of 'an eye for an eye' justice, and the balance of mercy and justice.
12. Critiques of the Play: It's important to understand various criticisms of the play, such as its
seemingly contrived resolution and the ambiguity surrounding Isabella's response to the Duke's
marriage proposal.
13. Exploration of Power: The play explores the concept of power – both political and sexual – and
its potential for corruption.
14. The Role of Women: The role of women in society is also addressed through characters like
Isabella, Mariana, and Mistress Overdone, showcasing the limited options and societal
expectations women faced during that time.
15. Sexuality and Morality: "Measure for Measure" is known for its explicit references to sexuality
and its moral implications.
16. Use of Language: Pay attention to the distinctive use of language in the play. There is a stark
contrast between the elevated, formal language of the court and the bawdy, sexual innuendo-
laden language of the lower classes.
17. Religious Undertones: The play is rife with religious undertones, evident in the character of
Isabella, a novice nun, and the Duke, who disguises himself as a friar.
18. The Dark Comedy Elements: Despite its serious themes, the play is technically a comedy. It has a
somewhat happy ending, involves a certain amount of farce and wit, and includes comic
characters like Elbow and Pompey.
19. Role of the Law: The play debates the role of the law, whether it should be strictly enforced, or if
compassion and understanding should come into play.
20. The Idea of Forgiveness: The conclusion of the play puts forward the idea of forgiveness and
redemption, with Duke Vincentio sparing Angelo and offering marriage to Isabella.
Prompt 10 - 10 Essays
Essay Topic 1: The Role of Women in "Measure for Measure"
Thesis Statement: The women in "Measure for Measure" are portrayed with a range of personalities and
moral strengths, which challenges the conventional roles of women in the Elizabethan era.
Introduction: Briefly discuss the Elizabethan societal expectations of women and introduce the main
female characters.
Analysis of Isabella's character: Discuss her moral strength, her devotion to her religious beliefs, and how
she navigates her way through the corrupt society.
Examination of Mariana's character: Discuss her loyalty, her willingness to take part in the bed trick, and
what this says about her position in society.
Analysis of Mistress Overdone: Discuss her survival in a male-dominated society and the irony of her
role.
Conclusion: Wrap up by discussing how the portrayal of women in the play challenges the status quo of
the Elizabethan society.
Essay Topic 2: The Theme of Justice in "Measure for Measure"
Thesis Statement: Shakespeare's "Measure for Measure" explores the concept of justice, its application,
and its moral implications.
Introduction: Introduce the concept of justice in the context of the play.
Analysis of Duke Vincentio's rule: Discuss his lax rule at the beginning, his disguise as Friar Lodowick, and
his eventual return to mete out justice.
Examination of Angelo's rule: Discuss his strict enforcement of the law, his personal failings, and the
irony of his rule.
Analysis of the final scene: Discuss the justice meted out to each character, whether it is fitting, and what
it suggests about Shakespeare's view of justice.
Conclusion: Summarize the exploration of justice in the play and its implications.
Essay Topic 3: Power and Corruption in "Measure for Measure"
Thesis Statement: "Measure for Measure" critically examines the relationship between power and
corruption.
Introduction: Briefly discuss the concept of power and corruption in the play.
Analysis of Duke Vincentio: Discuss his abdication of power, his manipulation behind the scenes, and his
return to power.
Examination of Angelo: Discuss his rise to power, his fall into corruption, and the reasons behind it.
Discussion on the power dynamics: Discuss how power dynamics play out among the other characters in
the play.
Conclusion: Reflect on the theme of power and corruption in the play and its relevance to contemporary
society.
10 Essays
Essay 1: The Role of Women in "Measure for Measure"

During the Elizabethan era, society held expectations of women that were often restrictive and
disempowering. Women were largely seen as objects of exchange or merely adjuncts to men. However,
in "Measure for Measure", Shakespeare presents us with female characters that defy these stereotypes.
One of the most notable characters in the play is Isabella. Her character is unique because of her
unwavering adherence to her religious beliefs. Even when her brother's life is at stake, Isabella refuses to
sacrifice her chastity, thereby demonstrating a moral strength that most of the male characters in the
play lack. This is evident in Act 2, Scene 4, where she tells Angelo, "More than our brother is our
chastity." Isabella's staunch adherence to her beliefs in a society that is portrayed as morally corrupt
elevates her role beyond the stereotypical depiction of women during the Elizabethan era.
Next, we have Mariana, who despite being jilted by Angelo, remains loyal to him. While some may argue
that her willingness to be part of the bed trick is a demonstration of her subservience, it can also be seen
as a testament to her strength. She is willing to put herself in a potentially compromising situation to
bring justice to Angelo and to reclaim her place in society.
Finally, we come to Mistress Overdone, a character who, ironically, is one of the few to survive the harsh
realities of Vienna's society. Her occupation as a brothel owner may place her at the fringes of society,
but it is this very occupation that allows her to navigate through the corrupt society. Despite the
condemnation and scorn, Mistress Overdone stands as a symbol of resilience and survival, further
challenging the conventional roles of women.
In conclusion, the women in "Measure for Measure" challenge the status quo of the Elizabethan society.
Through their varied personalities and moral strengths, they provide a contrasting perspective to the
male-dominated society, proving that they are not merely adjuncts but rather essential figures in the
narrative.
Essay 2: Power and Corruption in "Measure for Measure"
In "Measure for Measure," Shakespeare explores the themes of power and corruption in a way that is
both nuanced and insightful. The play reveals how power can corrupt those who possess it and how it
can lead to the subversion of justice and morality.
The character of Angelo exemplifies the corrupting influence of power. Initially presented as a strict,
moralistic figure, Angelo is bestowed with the Duke's authority to enforce Vienna's forgotten laws.
However, as the play progresses, we witness Angelo's descent into corruption, as he abuses his power by
sentencing Claudio to death for a minor offense and later propositioning Isabella for sexual favors in
exchange for her brother's life.
The Duke, who masquerades as a friar for most of the play, also portrays an ambiguous exercise of
power. His decision to leave Angelo in charge, despite knowing his harshness, raises questions about his
motives. Even his disguised interventions, while seemingly benevolent, can be seen as manipulative,
controlling the fates of characters without their knowledge or consent.
Interestingly, Shakespeare uses the concept of 'measure for measure' to highlight the idea of justice and
retribution. The play ends with each character receiving their 'measure', but it is the Duke, the highest
authority in the play, who decides these outcomes. This raises questions about the fairness and
objectivity of power structures, as the Duke is shown to be far from infallible.
Simultaneously, the play offers a critique of the harsh enforcement of the law. Claudio's sentence for
fornication is seen as excessive by many characters, reflecting the dangers of a rigid, uncompromising
justice system. Isabella’s moral dilemma - whether to preserve her chastity or save her brother’s life -
further highlights the law's inadequacy in dealing with complex human situations.
In conclusion, "Measure for Measure" presents a complex exploration of power and corruption. By
portraying characters who misuse their power and a justice system that often fails to be just,
Shakespeare encourages audiences to question authority and advocate for fairness and equity. The play
serves as a reminder that power must be tempered with mercy and understanding, a message that
continues to resonate in contemporary society.
Essay 3: Women and Societal Expectations in "Measure for Measure"
In "Measure for Measure", Shakespeare presents a nuanced portrayal of women, depicting how they
navigate societal expectations and constraints in a patriarchal society. The primary female characters,
Isabella and Mariana, are constrained by their societal roles, yet they also display resilience and agency
within these boundaries.
Isabella, a novice nun, is portrayed as virtuous and chaste, embodying the societal expectation of
women's purity. However, she is placed in an impossible situation when Angelo propositions her,
exploiting his power to coerce her into a morally compromising position. Despite this, Isabella manages
to maintain her integrity, vehemently refusing Angelo's proposition and seeking justice for his
corruption.
In contrast, Mariana is marginalized due to her compromised social status as a betrothed woman
abandoned by her fiancé, Angelo. However, she plays a crucial role in the plot to expose Angelo's
hypocrisy. The 'bed-trick' scene, in which Mariana substitutes for Isabella, is instrumental in ensuring
Angelo's downfall.
While the women in the play are subjected to societal expectations and male authority, they also exert
agency in their circumstances. They navigate through their situations with resilience and ingenuity,
refusing to be mere victims of their circumstances. Through these characters, Shakespeare seems to
critique the rigid societal norms that constrain women and celebrate their resilience and ingenuity.
In summary, "Measure for Measure" provides an insightful exploration of women's roles and societal
expectations. Through the characters of Isabella and Mariana, Shakespeare offers a critique of a society
that confines women within restrictive roles while also acknowledging their resilience and agency. As
such, the play continues to resonate with contemporary audiences, prompting reflection on gender
dynamics and societal norms.
Essay 4: The Paradox of Purity and Corruption in "Measure for Measure"
One of the central paradoxes in "Measure for Measure" lies in the juxtaposition of purity and corruption.
The play explores this paradox through its characters and their actions, creating a landscape where moral
absolutes are questioned and the lines between right and wrong are blurred.
The character of Angelo embodies this paradox. As the deputy ruler of Vienna, he is expected to be a
symbol of purity, enforcing the law with an iron fist and showing no tolerance for moral transgressions.
However, Angelo himself succumbs to corruption when he propositions Isabella, revealing a hypocritical
and lustful side.
Similarly, the novice nun Isabella, who is initially portrayed as the epitome of purity, finds herself
entangled in the corrupt world of Vienna's court. She becomes part of the Duke's plot to expose Angelo,
participating in the 'bed-trick' that deceives Angelo into sleeping with his abandoned fiancée, Mariana.
This act, although aimed at achieving justice, involves deceit and manipulation, complicating Isabella's
image of pure innocence.
The Duke, too, is not immune to this paradox. While he sets out to cleanse Vienna of its moral
corruption, he does so through deceptive means, disguising himself as a friar and orchestrating an
elaborate plot to trap Angelo.
In conclusion, "Measure for Measure" presents a complex interplay of purity and corruption, highlighting
the moral ambiguities inherent in its characters and their actions. This paradox forces the audience to
question the idea of moral absolutes and to consider the complexities of human nature. Shakespeare's
exploration of this paradox continues to resonate, challenging us to interrogate our perceptions of
morality and corruption.
Essay 5: The Role of Forgiveness in "Measure for Measure"
"Measure for Measure" is a play steeped in transgressions, yet it also centers on the theme of
forgiveness. The characters commit acts of corruption, betrayal, and deception, but they are also given
opportunities for redemption.
Angelo, the play's primary antagonist, is arguably the character most in need of forgiveness. Despite his
severe misconduct and abuse of power, he is spared by the Duke at the play's conclusion. This act of
mercy is unexpected, particularly given Angelo's lack of remorse for his actions.
Similarly, Claudio, who is sentenced to death for fornication, pleads for forgiveness and mercy. His plea is
initially denied by Angelo, but the Duke intervenes, granting Claudio a second chance.
Even the Duke, who manipulates events from behind the scenes, seeks forgiveness in his own way. He
admits to Isabella at the end of the play that he has "a guilty dread of royal disposition" and asks her to
"supply [his] place" in his absence.
Through these acts of forgiveness, Shakespeare explores the idea of mercy as a counterpoint to justice.
He suggests that while transgressions must be acknowledged and dealt with, there is also a need for
forgiveness and redemption.
In conclusion, "Measure for Measure" provides a nuanced exploration of forgiveness, highlighting its role
in mitigating justice and facilitating redemption. Through its complex characters and moral dilemmas,
the play invites audiences to reflect on the power of forgiveness and its place within the justice system.
This theme of forgiveness, much like the others explored in the play, continues to hold relevance in our
contemporary world.
Essay 6: Power and its Misuse in "Measure for Measure"
"Measure for Measure" explores the theme of power and its misuse with remarkable depth and nuance.
The play critiques the abuse of power, particularly when that power is vested in a single individual or
institution.
The character of Angelo is an embodiment of this theme. Upon being entrusted with power by the Duke,
he misuses his authority by implementing severe laws and exploiting his position for personal gain.
Angelo's abuse of power is highlighted in his treatment of Isabella, where he leverages his position to
make unwelcome advances.
The Duke, despite being the play's moral compass, also misuses power by orchestrating the events of the
play while disguised as a friar. His manipulation of events and people raises questions about the ethics of
his actions.
Conversely, "Measure for Measure" also depicts characters who lack power, such as Isabella and
Mariana. Their experiences underscore the problems of power imbalance and the vulnerability of those
at the lower end of the social hierarchy.
In conclusion, Shakespeare's "Measure for Measure" offers an intricate exploration of power and its
potential for misuse. By illustrating the consequences of power imbalance and the potential for abuse,
the play invites reflection on the structures of authority in our own society.
The role of women in "Measure for Measure" is complex and multifaceted. Women are simultaneously
depicted as victims and agents of change, often challenging the societal norms of their time.
Isabella, the play's heroine, is an empowered figure who stands up to Angelo's abuse of power. Her
defense of her chastity and her refusal to yield to Angelo's demands portray her as a character with
agency and moral integrity.
Mariana, although largely passive, also contributes to the downfall of Angelo. By agreeing to the bed-
trick, she plays a crucial role in revealing Angelo's hypocrisy.
Despite their assertiveness, women in "Measure for Measure" are also victims of their patriarchal
society. They are subject to the whims of men and the laws that men enforce. This is evident in Isabella's
predicament, where she must choose between her brother's life and her chastity.
In conclusion, "Measure for Measure" presents a nuanced portrayal of women. Through characters like
Isabella and Mariana, the play challenges the traditional roles of women and highlights their potential
for resistance and agency. At the same time, it underscores the limitations and challenges women face in
a patriarchal society.
Essay 8: The Concept of Justice in "Measure for Measure"
Shakespeare's "Measure for Measure" delves into the concept of justice, presenting a multi-faceted
exploration of its implementation and implications. The title itself suggests a balanced, fair system of
justice, but the play interrogates the true nature of such a system.
The character of Angelo represents a rigid, punitive approach to justice. His strict adherence to Vienna's
dormant laws leads to a harsh sentence for Claudio, presenting a critique of a justice system that lacks
compassion and mercy.
Conversely, the Duke represents a more merciful and pragmatic approach to justice. His manipulation of
events to expose Angelo's hypocrisy and save Claudio's life demonstrates the importance of context,
discretion, and mercy in delivering justice.
However, the Duke's methods also raise questions about the fairness and legitimacy of a justice system
that relies on deception and manipulation. His decision to pardon Angelo, despite his misdeeds,
complicates the play's exploration of justice.
In conclusion, "Measure for Measure" presents a complex exploration of justice. It critiques both rigid
adherence to the law and a subjective, merciful approach, leaving the audience to grapple with the
question of what true justice looks like.
Essay 9: The Theme of Corruption in "Measure for Measure"
Corruption is a central theme in Shakespeare's "Measure for Measure". The play explores how
individuals in positions of power can become corrupt, and how this corruption can permeate a society.
Angelo, who is given the Duke's power, becomes a prime example of corruption. He strictly enforces
Vienna's laws, but breaks them himself by attempting to coerce Isabella into sexual relations. His actions
reflect the danger of absolute power and its potential to corrupt.
The Duke, though less overtly corrupt than Angelo, exhibits his own form of corruption. He manipulates
others while disguised as a friar and pardons Angelo despite his crimes. This points to a more subtle
form of corruption, where the misuse of power is disguised by seemingly benevolent actions.
Finally, the pervasive corruption in Vienna, where laws are selectively enforced and power is misused,
reflects a societal level of corruption.
In conclusion, "Measure for Measure" presents a compelling exploration of corruption. Through its
characters and the society they inhabit, the play explores the insidious nature of corruption and its
ability to infiltrate all levels of power and society.
"Measure for Measure" presents a complex portrayal of women, who are pivotal in the progression of
the narrative despite their limited social status. This essay will explore the roles and influences of
Isabella, Mariana, and Mistress Overdone in the play.
Isabella, a novice nun, is the moral center of the play. Her commitment to her religious vows puts her at
odds with the corrupt leaders of Vienna. Isabella's firm moral stance and eloquence challenge the male
characters, highlighting the power of virtue over authority.
Mariana, though sidelined for much of the play, plays a crucial role in the exposure of Angelo's hypocrisy.
Her willingness to participate in the bed trick reveals a more active side to her character, complicating
the traditional image of the passive female.
Mistress Overdone, a brothel owner, represents the marginalised women in society. Despite her
questionable profession, she provides an essential service to the men of Vienna and highlights the
hypocrisy of a society that indulges in vice but punishes the providers of such services.
In conclusion, the women in "Measure for Measure" play significant roles despite their limited social
status. Through their interactions with the male characters, they challenge societal norms, expose
hypocrisy, and assert their agency.
BONUS - Essay 11: Power and its Abuse in "Measure for Measure"
"Measure for Measure" is a potent exploration of power and its potential for misuse. Shakespeare
illustrates the theme of power through the characters of the Duke and Angelo, offering a critique of
absolute power and its propensity to corrupt.
Angelo is a symbol of the dangers of unchecked power. His rigorous enforcement of the law and his
attempt to coerce Isabella into sexual relations illustrate the hazards of power when wielded without
moral restraint.
The Duke, while not as overtly abusive as Angelo, represents a more covert misuse of power. His use of
disguise and manipulation to orchestrate events according to his wishes exemplifies a more subtle, but
equally troubling, abuse of power.
In both cases, power is used to serve personal interests rather than the common good, revealing the
inherent danger of absolute power.
In conclusion, "Measure for Measure" offers a critical exploration of power and its potential for misuse.
Through the characters of Angelo and the Duke, Shakespeare presents a critique of absolute power,
highlighting the necessity for checks and balances in governance.
Prompt 11 - Q&A Flashcards
https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1MdjVZLcVFICPuLKfMFFKxWBYemXNEwoWpHCDlHbcnc4/
edit?usp=sharing
Prompt 12 - 5 Reliable Sources
1. "Measure for Measure: A Norton Critical Edition" - Edited by Grace Ioppolo. This critical edition
includes the full text of the play, historical context, and several critical essays that analyze the
play from various perspectives. It can be found in bookstores or libraries, or purchased online.
2. "Measure for Measure" (The Arden Shakespeare) - Edited by J.W. Lever. The Arden editions are
renowned for their thorough scholarly notes and introductions. This edition offers a detailed
analysis of "Measure for Measure" and its historical and cultural context.
3. JSTOR - JSTOR is an online database that provides access to academic papers and journals across
various disciplines. A search for "Measure for Measure" will yield many scholarly articles
analyzing different aspects of the play.
4. The Cambridge Companion to Shakespeare's Problem Plays - Edited by Simon Palfrey. This book
provides an overview and analysis of "Measure for Measure" and other plays termed "problem
plays" by Shakespeare.
5. "Shakespearean Tragedy: Lectures on Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, Macbeth" by A.C. Bradley.
Although "Measure for Measure" isn't strictly a tragedy, Bradley's influential work on
Shakespeare's tragic structure and characterization can provide useful context for studying the
play.
Prompt 13a - Brief Summary
Brief Summary:
"Measure for Measure" is a play by William Shakespeare that tells the story of a Duke who leaves his
deputy, Angelo, in charge of Vienna. Angelo enforces a strict rule against premarital sex and condemns a
man named Claudio for impregnating his girlfriend. Claudio's sister, Isabella, pleads for his life. Angelo
gives Isabella an immoral proposition - Claudio's freedom in exchange for her virginity. Meanwhile, the
Duke returns disguised as a friar to observe what’s happening. The Duke devises a plan that reveals
Angelo's hypocrisy, saves Claudio, and maintains Isabella's honor. In the end, Angelo is punished, Claudio
is pardoned, and the Duke proposes to Isabella.
Key Takeaways Explained to a 5-year-old:
Don't judge others hastily: Just like Angelo was quick to punish Claudio, we shouldn't be too fast to
decide if someone is good or bad. Everyone makes mistakes.
Be careful who you trust: The Duke trusted Angelo to be fair, but Angelo was not nice. We should always
be sure the people we trust are good and kind.
Stand up for what is right: Isabella didn't want to do a bad thing to save her brother. It's important to do
what's right, even when it's hard.
People can pretend to be someone they're not: The Duke pretended to be a friar to see what was
happening. It's a reminder that people may not always be who they seem to be.
Everybody deserves a second chance: In the end, Claudio was given a second chance. This teaches us
that people can learn from their mistakes and improve.
Honesty is the best policy: Angelo was not honest and got into trouble. It's always better to tell the truth.
13b - Online Resources' Summary
Version 1 – The Folger Shakespeare

Human nature and the law often collide in Measure for Measure. As the play begins, the Duke
of Vienna announces he is going away and puts his deputy Angelo in charge of the state. Angelo
immediately enforces a law prohibiting sex outside of marriage, sentencing Claudio to death for
sleeping Juliet, Claudio’s now-pregnant fiancée.
Claudio’s sister Isabella, a novice nun, appeals to Angelo to save her brother. But the supposedly
pure Angelo demands that Isabella sleep with him to save Claudio. To Claudio’s dismay, Isabella
refuses.
The duke, who has remained in Vienna disguised as a friar, suggests that Angelo’s jilted fiancée,
Mariana, could take Isabella’s place. Although the trick succeeds, Angelo orders Claudio
beheaded anyway. The duke saves Claudio, but he tells Isabella that Claudio is dead.
The duke, resuming his identity, sentences Angelo to wed Mariana and then be put to death.
But Mariana and Isabella plead for Angelo’s life. Revealing that Claudio is alive, the duke
pardons Angelo and proposes to Isabella.
Version 2 – 3 Minute Shakespeare
Duke Vincentio is ruler of Vienna. He leaves his younger, much stricter deputy, Angelo, in his stead while
he adopts the disguise of a monk in an undercover operation to learn more about the lives of his people
and to test the abilities of his deputy, Angelo.
The Duke has been rather lax in his enforcement of the law, so Angelo - in an attempt to rectify this -
chooses to make an example of a young gentleman named Claudio.
Claudio has been sentenced to death by Angelo for having broken the law by getting his fiancee, Julietta,
pregnant.
Claudio's sister, Isabella, is keen to take her vows as a nun and enter into the sisterhood of St.Clare's.
When she is told of her brother's plight, she goes to Angelo and begs for his life to be spared.
Stern at first, Angelo begins to yield to her virtue, The next day he turns nasty and decides to offer
Claudio freedom in exchange for Isabella's virginity. Mortified, she concludes: 'more than our brother is
our chastity', and goes to tell Claudio that he must die.
Unsurprisingly, Claudio isn't very keen to die, especially when his sister can so 'easily' save his life.
Isabella is outraged and accuses her brother of being wicked and even incestuous with his demands.
The Duke, who is still disguised as a Friar, overhears this exchange. He proposes that Isabella consent to
Angelo's demands, and send one Mariana - who is Angelo's ex fiancee - in her stead to perform the
deed. If it's dark, the idea is that Angelo won't notice the difference.
Despite thinking that he has bedded Isabella, Angelo gives orders to have Claudio executed anyway. The
Duke orders the jailer or Provost to send the head of a pirate to Angelo instead of Claudio's as proof of
his death. Once again, the idea is that Angelo won't know the difference.
The Duke officially returns to the city and is immediately accosted by Isabella who complains about
Angelo's hypocrisy. Mariana shows up, and claims to be Angelo's official wife. Everyone gets very
confused until the Duke finally reveals that he had been disguised as a monk all along! And he reveals
that Claudio is, in fact, alive!
He makes Angelo marry Mariana; re-unites Claudio with his sister, who is also re-united with Julietta and
their new baby; and he proposes marriage to Isabella, twice. The play famously ends with silence and no
clarity on whether or not Isabella accepts the Duke's offer.
Prompt 14 - Effective Study Strategies & Relationship Between Other Lit Works
Effective Study Strategies for "Measure for Measure":
Read the Text Thoroughly: Start by reading the play several times to understand the plot, characters, and
key themes. Shakespeare's language can be challenging, so take your time and don't rush.
Use Annotations: Annotate your text as you read. Highlight important quotes, make notes of significant
events, and write down any questions or observations. This will help you engage more deeply with the
text.
Character Analysis: Pay attention to each character's motivations, actions, and development throughout
the play. Note how they interact with other characters and how they contribute to the themes of the
play.
Identify Themes and Symbols: "Measure for Measure" deals with themes like justice, morality, and
deception. Identify these themes and consider how they're developed throughout the play.
Study the Historical Context: Understanding the historical and social context in which Shakespeare wrote
can provide useful insights into the play. Research the societal norms and legal system of the Elizabethan
era.
Discuss and Debate: Discuss the play with others. This can help you gain new perspectives and deepen
your understanding of the text.
Practice Writing Essays: Practice writing essays on different aspects of the play. This will help you
articulate your ideas and prepare for exam questions.
Relationship between "Measure for Measure" and Other Literature Works:
"Measure for Measure" is a complex work that is often categorized as one of Shakespeare's 'problem
plays' due to its blend of comedy and serious themes, a characteristic it shares with plays like "The
Merchant of Venice" and "Troilus and Cressida".
The theme of morality and the use of power is a common thread in many of Shakespeare's plays, such as
"Macbeth" and "King Lear". Like "Measure for Measure", these plays explore the consequences of power
and the moral dilemmas faced by those in positions of authority.
Furthermore, the play's exploration of gender roles and sexual morality can be compared to other
literature works from various periods. For instance, the moral dilemma faced by Isabella can be
compared with those faced by characters in novels such as Nathaniel Hawthorne's "The Scarlet Letter" or
Thomas Hardy's "Tess of the d'Urbervilles".
The manipulation and deceit in the play are also reminiscent of works like "Othello" and "Much Ado
About Nothing". The device of disguise used by the Duke is a common Shakespearean trope, used in
plays like "Twelfth Night" and "The Taming of the Shrew".
Overall, while "Measure for Measure" is a unique work, it shares several themes, literary devices, and
stylistic elements with other literature works, making it a valuable text for comparative analysis.
Prompt 15 - 30 Hard Questions

1. What is the name of the law that Angelo enforces to punish Claudio?
2. What is the profession of Elbow's wife?
3. Which character speaks the line: "Our doubts are traitors, and make us lose the good we oft
might win, by fearing to attempt"?
4. How many years passed between the law being enacted and its first enforcement?
5. What is the Duke's alias when he is in disguise?
6. What is the significance of the title "Measure for Measure" in the context of the play?
7. In Act 2, Scene 2, to what does Isabella compare her brother’s crime?
8. Who is the first character to speak in the play?
9. What is the name of the deputy who Angelo leaves in charge of Vienna?
10. Who is Juliet?
11. Who says the line: "Some rise by sin, and some by virtue fall" and what is the context?
12. How does Mariana end up marrying Angelo?
13. In what way does the Duke test Angelo's virtue?
14. What does Isabella think has happened to her brother by the end of Act 4?
15. What literary device does Shakespeare use when the Duke speaks to the audience directly in the
play?
16. What is the name of the city where the play is set?
17. What does Isabella plan to become before Angelo's proposition?
18. Who is the last character to speak in the play?
19. Why does Lucio slander the Duke to his face without knowing his true identity?
20. Who is the only character in the play that knows the Duke's true identity throughout the plot?
21. Who is Barnardine and why is he significant in the play?
22. Why does Isabella agree to meet Angelo at his home?
23. What is the meaning of the line "The law hath not been dead, though it hath slept"?
24. What does Angelo send to the Duke as a "token", and what is its significance?
25. Who said "I have seen corruption boil and bubble / Till it o’er-run the stew" and what does it
mean?
26. Why does the Duke choose to remain in disguise throughout most of the play?
27. What does Mariana's garden symbolize in the play?
28. Who is Escalus and how does his character contrast with Angelo?
29. What is the significance of Pompey's role as a clown in the play?
30. How does the Duke propose to resolve the issue of Angelo's broken engagement to Mariana?
30 Qs' Answers
1. The law that Angelo enforces to punish Claudio is the law against fornication.
2. Elbow's wife is a bawd, or a woman who runs a brothel.
3. The character Lucio speaks the line: "Our doubts are traitors, and make us lose the good we oft
might win, by fearing to attempt".
4. The law has been dormant for 14 years before Angelo enforces it.
5. The Duke's alias when he is in disguise is Friar Lodowick.
6. The title "Measure for Measure" signifies the theme of 'justice' and 'judgment' in the play.
7. Isabella compares her brother’s crime to a small theft.
8. The Duke is the first character to speak in the play.
9. Escalus is the deputy who Angelo leaves in charge of Vienna.
10. Juliet is Claudio's lover and the mother of his child.
11. The line "Some rise by sin, and some by virtue fall" is said by Escalus, commenting on the
differing fortunes of characters in the play.
12. Mariana ends up marrying Angelo through a 'bed trick', where she substitutes herself for
Isabella.
13. The Duke tests Angelo's virtue by orchestrating the situation with Isabella, to see if Angelo will
uphold the law or succumb to temptation.
14. Isabella thinks her brother Claudio has been executed by the end of Act 4.
15. Shakespeare uses the literary device of 'direct address' when the Duke speaks to the audience.
16. The play is set in the city of Vienna.
17. Isabella plans to become a nun before Angelo's proposition.
18. The Duke is the last character to speak in the play.
19. Lucio slanders the Duke to his face because he does not recognize the Duke in his disguise as
Friar Lodowick.
20. Friar Thomas is the only character who knows the Duke's true identity throughout the play.
21. Barnardine is a prisoner who refuses to be executed, highlighting the theme of justice and
mercy.
22. Isabella agrees to meet Angelo at his home in an attempt to plead for her brother's life.
23. The line "The law hath not been dead, though it hath slept" means that the law has not been
enforced for a while, but it is now being awakened.
24. Angelo sends the Duke the head of a pirate, Ragozine, claiming it to be Claudio's, to convince the
Duke of Claudio's execution.
25. The line "I have seen corruption boil and bubble / Till it o’er-run the stew" is said by the Duke,
referring to the moral corruption in Vienna.
26. The Duke remains in disguise to observe the actions and behaviors of his subjects without the
influence of his royal status.
27. Mariana's garden symbolizes her neglected and desolate state after being abandoned by Angelo.
28. Escalus is a wise and seasoned advisor to the Duke, his character contrasts with Angelo by
demonstrating moderation and wisdom in contrast to Angelo's rigid morality.
29. Pompey's role as a clown provides comic relief and also serves to satirize the corruption and
hypocrisy of the upper classes.
30. The Duke proposes that Angelo should be forced to marry Mariana, thereby restoring her honor,
and then be punished for his supposed execution of Claudio.
Prompt 16 - 30 Intermediate Question
1. Who is the ruler of Vienna at the start of the play?
2. Why is Claudio sentenced to death?
3. Who is appointed as the deputy to enforce the laws in Vienna?
4. What is the relationship between Isabella and Claudio?
5. Why does Isabella visit Angelo?
6. What solution does the disguised Duke suggest to Isabella to save her brother?
7. What is the name of the woman who Angelo was betrothed to?
8. Who is the comic relief character in the play?
9. What role does Mariana play in the Duke's plan?

10. Who is the only character in the play who knows the Duke's true identity throughout the play?
11. How does the Duke reveal his true identity at the end of the play?
12. What crime does Angelo commit, according to the Duke's final judgment?
13. How does the Duke propose to punish Angelo?
14. Why does Lucio slander the Duke?
15. What is the significance of the title "Measure for Measure"?
16. Who says the line, "Some rise by sin, and some by virtue fall"?
17. How does the Duke plan to trick Angelo into thinking Claudio has been executed?
18. What is the 'bed trick' that is planned by the Duke?
19. Who refuses to be executed and why?
20. What is the role of Elbow in the play?
21. How does Isabella react when she believes her brother has been executed?
22. Who is betrothed to Claudio?
23. What kind of life is Isabella preparing for at the beginning of the play?
24. How does Angelo's character change throughout the play?
25. Why does the Duke choose to disguise himself as a friar?
26. How does Shakespeare portray justice in "Measure for Measure"?
27. How does the theme of power and corruption play out in the play?
28. What is the significance of the setting in Vienna?
29. How does "Measure for Measure" compare to other Shakespeare's works in terms of its themes
and structure?
30. How does the Duke's proposal of marriage to Isabella at the end of the play tie into the themes
of power, justice, and mercy?
30 Qs' Answers
1. Duke Vincentio is the ruler of Vienna at the start of the play.
2. Claudio is sentenced to death for fornication, he got Juliet pregnant before they were married.
3. Angelo is appointed as the deputy to enforce the laws in Vienna.
4. Isabella is Claudio's sister.

5. Isabella visits Angelo to plead for her brother's life.
6. The Duke suggests that Isabella should agree to sleep with Angelo, but then Mariana, Angelo's
former fiancée, should go in her place.
7. Angelo was betrothed to Mariana.
8. Lucio is the comic relief character in the play.
9. Mariana is used in the Duke's bed trick to save Isabella's virtue and expose Angelo's hypocrisy.
10. Friar Thomas is the only character who knows the Duke's true identity throughout the play.
11. The Duke reveals his true identity by reentering the scene as the Duke after pretending to have
just returned to Vienna.
12. Angelo is accused of fornication and attempted rape.
13. The Duke initially proposes to execute Angelo but later decides to make him marry Mariana.
14. Lucio slanders the Duke for his own amusement and to make himself look better.
15. The title "Measure for Measure" signifies 'an eye for an eye' justice.
16. Escalus says the line, "Some rise by sin, and some by virtue fall".
17. The Duke plans to send the head of Barnardine, another prisoner, to Angelo to make him believe
Claudio has been executed.
18. The 'bed trick' is when Mariana sleeps with Angelo in place of Isabella.
19. Barnardine refuses to be executed because he is drunk and not ready to die.
20. Elbow is a comedic character who frequently uses malapropisms in his speech.
21. Isabella reacts with grief and anger when she believes her brother has been executed.
22. Juliet is betrothed to Claudio.
23. Isabella is preparing to become a nun at the beginning of the play.
24. Angelo's character changes from a strict, law-abiding official to a hypocritical and lustful man.
25. The Duke disguises himself as a friar to observe the actions of Angelo and others without being
recognized.
26. Shakespeare portrays justice as a complex and often contradictory concept in "Measure for
Measure".
27. The theme of power and corruption is portrayed through Angelo's misuse of his position for
personal gain.
28. The setting of Vienna is significant as it was known for its lax enforcement of laws against
fornication, reflecting the key themes of the play.
29. "Measure for Measure" is a problem play like many of Shakespeare's works, dealing with
complex moral issues, and is neither a comedy nor a tragedy.
30. The Duke's proposal of marriage to Isabella highlights the themes of power and mercy, with the
Duke exercising his power and showing mercy to Isabella and her brother.

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#2 - 1-A2 - Measure For Measure by William Shakespeare

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Prompt 1

2. Psychological Analysis of Angelo: Angelo's character can be analyzed from a psychological

More In-Depth Answers

5. Use of Language: Shakespeare's language in "Measure for Measure" is complex. He employs a

Prompt 3 - Curveball Questions

How is the theme of hypocrisy presented in "Measure for Measure"?

Prompt 4 - Grinde Mind Map (Inaccurate)

Main Branches and Sub-Branches:

Duke Vincentio: Disguise, Manipulation, Justice

Angelo: Hypocrisy, Power abuse, Lust

Isabella: Virtue, Dilemma, Sacrifice

Power: Duke's abdication and reclamation, Angelo's misuse

Morality: Isabella's virtue, Angelo's vice

3) Motifs and Symbols

Bed Trick: Deception, Identity

The Law: Order, Morality

Shakespearean Drama: Comedy vs Tragedy

Historical Background: Elizabethan views on law and order, religion

Language: Prose vs Verse, Use of puns and wordplay

Dramatic Irony: Duke's disguise, Angelo's private sin

Feminist Critique: Isabella's agency, Mariana's role

Political Readings: Examination of power dynamics

Psychoanalytic Views: Characters' inner desires and drives

Prompt 5 - Normal Mindmap

Central Idea: "Measure for Measure" by William Shakespeare

Main Branches and Sub-Branches:

Duke Vincentio: Authority, Morality, Disguise

Angelo: Power, Corruption, Lust

Isabella: Virtue, Sacrifice, Dilemma

Claudio: Punishment, Fear, Brotherly love

Justice vs Mercy: The law's rigidity, The power of forgiveness

Chastity and Sexual Morality: Value of virginity, Sexual corruption

Motifs and Symbols

The Law: Represents order and justice

The Bed Trick: Deception, Identity

The Veil of the Monastery: Symbolizes purity and chastity

Historical and Cultural Context

Elizabethan Era: Religious and social norms

Shakespeare's Plays: Comparison with other works

Dramatic Irony: Duke's disguise, Angelo's hypocrisy

Verse and Prose: The choice of language for different characters

Symbolism: The use of objects or actions to represent larger ideas

Feminist Interpretations: The role and treatment of women

Historical Interpretations: The play's reflection of its time

Psychoanalytical Readings: Inner desires and motivations of characters

A) He wants to escape his responsibilities as Duke.

B) He wants to test Angelo's ability to govern in his absence.

C) He wants to monitor the actions of his subjects without their knowledge.

D) He wants to join the church and leave his life of power.

E) He wants to travel to another country without being recognized.

What does Isabella threaten to do when Angelo propositions her?

A) To tell the Duke

D) To expose Angelo publicly

E) To accept his proposition

How does Mariana end up married to Angelo?

B) The Duke arranges their marriage

C) She tricks him into thinking he slept with her

D) Isabella convinces Angelo to marry her

E) She begs him to marry her

Which character initially sentenced Claudio to death?

Who of the following characters knows about the Duke's disguise?

E) None of the above