Booklet 5 - 231118 - 183901

INTERMEDIATE 2
NOVIEMBRE 2023 - MARZO 2024
1
CONTENT
UNIT 1. PREFERENCES
Pages Lessons Content Grammar Vocabulary
7-13 1A. Movies Vocabulary: Movie Prefer Movie genres
genres
Reading: Men of Honor
Listening: 12 steps
Writing and speaking:
Favorite movie
14-19 1B. TV Programs Vocabulary: TV programs Would rather TV programs
genres genres
Reading: Betty the Ugly
Listening: Betty the Ugly
Original series vs
adaptations
20-25 1C. Anime Vocabulary: Anime Would Prefer Anime genres

genres
Reading: Anime History
Listening: Manga
exhibition
Anime vs Manga
26-30 1D. Sitcoms Vocabulary: Types of Prefer Types of sitcoms

sitcoms Would rather
Reading: How I met your Would prefer
mother
Listening: Emergency
room
Sitcom preferences
31-34 1E. Autonomous Vocabulary: Movies, TV Prefer Movies, TV

work programs, and series Would rather programs, and
Reading: Friends series
Would prefer
Listening: My favorite
film
2
UNIT 2. REPORTING LIFE
35-41 2A. Gossip and Vocabulary: Words and Reported Words and
rumors phrases related to gossip and speech: Present phrases related to
rumors simple and past gossip and rumors
Reading: Understanding the simple
impact of rumors and gossip
Listening: Girl’s talk
Writing: Rewriting quotes
Speaking: Discussing
questions about gossip
42-47 2B. Fake news Vocabulary: Words and Reported Fake news
phrases related to fake news. speech: Present vocabulary
Reading: Tips to identify fake continuous and
news past continuous
Listening: How fake news
spread
Writing: Inventing fake news
Speaking: Discussing
questions about fake news
48-53 2C. Reporting Vocabulary: Journalism Reported Journalism
news Reading: Breaking news speech: Present vocabulary
perfect and past
Listening: Dangerous times for perfect
journalists
Reporting real news
54-59 2D. Teacher´s Vocabulary: Giving-taking Reported Giving-taking
message messages speech: Will- messages
Reading: Leaving a message would / modal
verbs/commands
Listening: Leaving a message
Writing: Rewriting messages
Speaking: Role-play messages
and report them
60-64 2E. Autonomous Vocabulary: Gossip and Reported Gossip and
work journalism speech-all tenses journalism
Reading: The rise of fake news
Listening: Social Media
Companies & Harmful Illegal
Content
3
UNIT 3. ASTOUNDING STORIES
65-70 3A. Blind dates Vocabulary: Words and Present Perfect Words and
phrases related to blind Continuous phrases related to
dates blind dates
Reading: Talking about a
blind date experience
Listening: The first date
Role-play a blind date
71-75 3B. Fun anecdotes Vocabulary: sequencing Past Perfect Sequencing
phrases Continuous phrases
Reading: What had they
been doing?
Listening: Anecdote
Anecdotes
76-80 3C. Medical Vocabulary: Medical Present Perfect vs Medical terms
appointments terms Present Perfect
Reading: Doctor-patient Continuous
conversation
Listening: Medical
appointment
Medical appointment
role-play
81-85 3D. Real-life Vocabulary: New words Past Perfect vs New words
mystery stories Reading: Supernatural Past Perfect
experience Continuous
Listening: Telling stories
Mysterious real-life story
86-90 3E. Autonomous Vocabulary: Crossword Present Perfect vs Crossword
work Reading: Paul Nicklen’s Present Perfect
Polar Obsession Continuous
Listening: Halloween Past Perfect vs
history Past Perfect
Continuous
4
UNIT 4. IMAGINARY SITUATIONS
91-96 4A. Assumptions Vocabulary: Synonyms Past modal verbs: Synonyms and
and antonyms have + past antonyms
Reading: 5 Assumptions participle
We Need to Stop Making
About Other People
Listening: Making
assumptions
Assumptions people made
about you
97-101 4B. What if …? – Vocabulary: New words Third conditional New words
Part 1 Reading: John´s decision - part 1
Listening: Regrets
Regrets
102-107 4C. What if …? – Vocabulary: New words Third conditional New words
Part 2 Reading: Marge's Day of - part 2
Hell!!!
Listening: Conversation
Writing: Different
situations
Speaking: Personal
situations
108-112 4D. Fantasizing Vocabulary: New words Second and third New words
Reading: If I won the conditionals
lottery
Listening: If I were
millionaire
Writing and speaking: If
you were the president of
Ecuador
113-118 4E. Autonomous Vocabulary: Crossword Past modal verbs: Crossword
work Reading: Titanic have + past
participle
Listening: Conditional 2
Second and third
conditionals
5
UNIT 5. PROFESSIONAL PATHS
119-125 5A. Common Vocabulary: Phrasal Phrasal verbs with Phrasal verbs
phrasal verbs verbs do, take and run
Reading: Sarah had a
problem
Listening: Phrasal
verbs
Awkward situation
126-131 5B. Chinese Vocabulary: New Be expressions: New words
Education words Be supposed to, be
Reading: Structure of likely to, be used
the Chinese education to
system
Listening: Why do
Chinese students have
higher test scores
Ecuadorian education
132-137 5C. Career paths Vocabulary: New Make and do New words
words
Reading: College
start-ups
Listening: Unusual
jobs
Writing: Career paths
Speaking: Discussion
138-143 5D. Agreeing and Vocabulary: New Agreeing and New words
disagreeing words disagreeing
Reading: Conflict
management
Listening: Agreeing
and disagreeing
Writing: Last
disagreement
Speaking: Discussion
144-149 5E. Autonomous Vocabulary: New Phrasal verbs, be New words
work words expressions, make
Reading: The right and do, agreeing
job for your and disagreeing
personality
Listening: Best job in
the world
6
UNIT 1
PREFERENCES
LEARNING OUTCOMES
Students will be able to:
1. Recognize the grammar structures for

prefer, would rather, and would prefer.
2. Difference the grammar structures for

prefer, would rather, and would prefer.
3. Express preferences regarding movies, TV

programs, anime, and sitcoms.
7
OCABU
UNIT Lesson
1 1A
A. VOCABULARY
1. Match the movies with the correct genre. Action film

Adventure
Animated (cartoon)
Comedy
Documentary
Drama
Horror film
Romance
Musical
Science Fiction
Thriller
War film
Western
1. 2. 3.
4. 5. 6. 7.
8. 9. 10. 11.
12. 13.
8
B. READING
1. Read the following movie review. Which genre is this movie?
Men of honor
Carl Brashear was quite a guy. A black sharecropper's son

without a high school education, he signed up for the Navy
right after World War II. Harry Truman had integrated the
services, but the Navy was slow to change, and blacks were
guided toward two job choices: They could become cooks or
officers' valets. Brashear (Cuba Gooding Jr.) wanted to be a
diver. “Men of Honor”, tells the story of how he became one
despite everything, and then how he insisted on returning to
active duty after losing a part of a lower leg in an onboard
accident.
The movie is an old-fashioned biopic, and I mean that as a

compliment. It isn't pumped up with phony action scenes, but
follows the curve of Brashear's life as it intersects with another
man, Master Chief Billy Sunday (Robert De Niro), a redneck who at first hates Carl and
then gradually changes his mind.
Choose the correct option:
1. What is a sharecropper:
a. A person who works in
agriculture and cattle raising
b. A person who is a slave 4. What is the meaning of “old-
c. A person who works in the fashioned biopic”?
Navy a. A biographic film from the
2. Why black people were guided past
toward being a cook or officer´s b. A science fiction film
valet? c. An adventurous film
a. Because of racism 5. What is pumped up?
b. Because it was a a. To fill with excitement
governmental policy b. To relax
c. Because it was a Navy c. To get stressed
policy 6. What is phony?
3. Brashear had an accident in: a. Something that looks fake
a. His house b. Something true
b. His office c. Something that looks real
c. A ship
Have you seen this movie? What do you think about it?
9
C. GRAMMAR: PREFER
Use: We use “prefer” to say we like one thing or activity more than another. We
can use a prepositional phrase with “to” when we compare two things or actions:
I prefer tea to coffee.

We prefer going by ferry to flying.
We don’t use than after prefer:
She prefers books to magazines.

Not: She prefers books than magazines.
We can use a to-infinitive or an -ing form after prefer:
She’s not keen on coffee. She prefers to drink tea.

She’s not keen on coffee. She prefers drinking tea to coffee.
Summary: Prefer can be followed by a noun, to-infinitive, and ing-form (gerund)
A. Choose the correct option:
1. John ……. going home to the movies.

a. prefer
b. prefers
c. prefer to
2. Ana prefers ………. horror films to romantic ones.

a. watching
b. watch
c. watches
3. Peter prefers ……… at home.

a. to eat
b. eat
c. eats
4. Harry prefers ………. to coffee.

a. chocolate
b. having
c. to have
5. I prefer watching movies at home …… going to the movies.

a. than
b. to
c. not
10
B. Order the sentences using the information and words given:
1. Mary is not so healthy.

Mary / to / drinking / soda / prefers / water.
……………………………………………………………………..
2. Nelly loves adventure.

to / prefers / to / adventurous / films / romance / she / watching
……………………………………………………………………..
3. Pablo doesn´t like to go out of his house.

work / prefers / to / he / online
……………………………………………………………………
4. Carl sleeps early every day.

the / he / sleeping / hours / prefers / eight
……………………………………………………………………..
5. Mike loves eating junk food at the cinema.

movies / at / an / to / eating / hot dog / prefers / Mike / a / apple / the
……………………………………………………………………..
C. Answer the following personal questions:
1. Which movies do you prefer? Why?
……………………………………………………………………
2. Do you prefer watching movies at home or at the cinema? Why?
……………………………………………………………………
3. At the cinema, do you prefer eating before, while, or after the movie? Why?
……………………………………………………………………
4. Do you prefer to watch movies alone or with someone else? Why?
…………………………………………………………………….
5. While you are watching a movie, do you prefer complete silence or comment on
it with someone else? Why?
……………………………………………………………………..
11
D. LISTENING
Watch the following video and choose the right answer:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QhCISxbO7rg
1. The scene takes place in ………

a. a court
b. a yard
c. a school
2. On which step did the man almost give up?

a. seven
b. eight
c. nine
3. The man who is giving the physical test is called ………. by his superior.
a. cook
b. cookie
c. diver
4. According to his superior a diver is:

a. a soldier
b. salvage expert
c. ship expert
5. How many steps did he make?

a. 10
b. 11
c. 12
12
E. WRITING AND SPEAKING
1. Write a paragraph using the grammar related to this lesson answering the following
questions:
Which movie genres do you prefer? Why? Which is your favorite movie? Which scene of
this movie do you prefer? Why?
2. Share your answers with the whole class.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
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13
OCABU
UNIT Lesson
1 1B
A. VOCABULARY
1. Match the TV programs with the correct genre.
1. Cookery
2. Game show
3. Reality
show
4. Sports
5. Soap opera
6. News
7. Talk show
8. TV series
1. 2. 3.
4. 5. 6. 7.
Which is your favorite national TV program? Which

genre it is?
…………………………………………………………
Which is your favorite international TV program?

Which genre it is?
………………………………………………………..
8.
14
B. READING
1. Read the following text. Which genre is this TV program?
Betty the Ugly
Betty the Ugly, is a Colombian soap opera, created by

RCN Televisión and written by Fernando Gaitán. In
1999, it was included in Guinness Records as the
"most successful soap opera in television history". It
premiered on October 25, 1999, and ended on May 8,
2001. It stars Ana María Orozco and Jorge Enrique
Abello, with the antagonistic participation of Natalia
Ramírez, Lorna Cepeda, Luis Mesa, and Julián
Arango. The main character is Beatriz Aurora Pinzón
Solano, who is an unattractive but intelligent woman who works for a fashion company
called Ecomoda. Betty has to constantly endure insults and contempt from her co-
workers, especially from the secretary Patricia Fernández, the designer Hugo Lombardi
and the company's shareholder, Marcela Valencia.
Its original version was transmitted in many countries with great success, including all of
Latin America, with high audience levels. It had great international success by being
transmitted in more than 180 countries, being dubbed into 25 languages, and having at
least 28 adaptations around the world, being the soap opera that has had the most
adaptations. It premiered on October 11, 2019, through video on demand on Netflix with
a total of 335 episodes. It remained on Netflix in the top 10 most-watched programs in
Latin America. Despite its success on Netflix, on July 10, 2022, the streaming service
withdrew it from its catalog for licensing reasons. The soap opera was transferred to Prime
Video where you can currently see all 335 episodes.
1. Betty the ugly is a ………

a. soap opera
b. reality show 4. How many languages was it
c. talk show translated?
2. What is the meaning of a. one hundred eighty
“contempt”? b. twenty-five
a. unsuccessful c. twenty-eight
b. hate 5. It remained in the top 10 most-
c. love watched in …….
3. What is the meaning of a. Netflix
“shareholder”? b. Prime Video
a. Simple employee of a c. Prime Disney
company 6. The plot is about …….. woman.
b. The total owner of a a. an unintelligent
company b. gorgeous
c. One of the owners of a c. hideous
company
15
C. GRAMMAR: WOULD RATHER
We use would rather or ’d rather to talk about preferring one thing to another.
Would rather has two different constructions: Same subject and different subject.
Same subject + base form / refers to the present

I’d rather stay at home than go out tonight.
I’d rather not go out tonight.
Different subject + past simple clause / refers to the present or future

I’d rather you stayed at home tonight.
I’d rather you didn’t go out tonight
We use than to compare 2 clauses.

I’d rather stay at home than go out tonight.
Same subject
To refer to the past we use would rather + have + verb past participle
She would rather have spent the money on a holiday. (The money wasn’t spent
on a holiday.)
I’d rather have seen it at the cinema than on DVD. (I saw the film on DVD.)
Different subject
To refer to the past we use the past perfect:
I’d rather you hadn’t rung me at work. (Past perfect to talk about the past)
1. I don't fancy the theatre again. I'd

rather ……… to the cinema. 4. I'd rather you ……. here with me
a. go and the kids
b. to go a. stay
c. going b. stayed
2. If I had a choice, I think I'd rather c. to stay
………. 5. She didn´t see the soap opera, she
a. live in Guayaquil than in would rather ……. it before
Quito writing the homework report.
b. living in Guayaquil than in a. have watched
Quito b. has watched
c. live in Guayaquil to in Quito c. didn´t watch
6. He didn´t see the movie, I would
3. I'd rather speak to him in person rather he ……… it before
………. things over the phone delivering his homework.
a. than discuss a. had seen
b. to discuss b. has seen
c. discuss c. have seen
16
B. Order the sentences:
1. talk / first / I'd / you / rather / him / to
……………………………………………………………………..
2. you / I'd / took / the / hospital / to / rather / her
……………………………………………………………………..
3. tomorrow / they / would / she / rather / in / own / test / made / her (x2) / mistakes
……………………………………………………………………
4. I got a bad grade.

rather / I / have / yesterday / would / studied
……………………………………………………………………..
5. My sister failed the English course.

course / the / rather / she / I / would / had / failed / not
……………………………………………………………………..
1. Would you rather watch international or national TV programs? Why?
……………………………………………………………………
2. Which genre of TV programs would you rather see? Why?
……………………………………………………………………
3. Which TV program would you rather watch as many times as possible? Why?
……………………………………………………………………
4. Would you rather watch reality shows or soap operas? Why?
…………………………………………………………………….
5. Would you rather watch news or sports shows? Why?
……………………………………………………………………..
17
D. LISTENING
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tnAWeIdIDyk
Watch the following video and choose the right answer:
1. Betty makes a compliment about the other girl´s ……

a. Dolce Gabbana purse
b. Dolce Gabbana poncho
c. Poncho from Guadalajara
2. What is the mistake the guy mentioned?

a. vacancies were already filled
b. there are still a lot of vacancies
c. there are just a few vacancies
3. What is Betty´s passion?

a. newspapers
b. magazines
c. letters
4. What has she learned from Meade Publications?

a. Bali resort is considered the most romantic in the world
b. Bali resort isn´t considered the most romantic in the world
c. Political machinations in Bali
5. Does she get a job vacancy in this scene?

a. Yes
b. No
18
Would you rather watch the original series than the adaptations? Why? Give examples.
Share your answers with the whole class.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
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19
OCABU
UNIT Lesson
1 1C
Anime
A. VOCABULARY
1. Match the anime genres with their definitions.
Genre Definition
1 Action a. Bringing us tears and a wave of emotions
2 Adventure b. It is about magical stuff like spells and incantations.
3 Comedy c. They’re referring to stuff or events that are odd and out-of-the-
blue.
4 Drama d. There are ghosts, monsters, gore, and creeps
5 Slice of life e. There is the existence of a central enigma
6 Fantasy f. It delves into how the mind and psyche work
7 Magic g. They are realistically set in the domain of real life
8 Supernatural h. It is about traveling and undertaking an adventure in a certain
place or around the world
9 Horror i. It showcases scientific and technological elements in its story.
10 Mistery j. The main purpose is to make you laugh
11 Psychological k. It is all about love and sweet moments.
12 Romance l. It depicts extremely high levels of intense action
13 Sci-fi m. It deals with fantasy worlds and surreal events and locations.
Do you like anime? Yes / No – Why?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….….
What are your favorite anime programs? Which genres are they?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
20
B. READING
1. Read the following text. What is the main idea of this reading?
A Short History of Anime
Anime is one of the most important modern cultural

facets of modern Japan. The word ‘anime’ comes
from the English word ‘animation’. Within Japan, it
is used to refer to any kind of animation. In the rest
of the world, it refers only to content produced in
the land of the rising sun. The history of anime goes
back to 1907. At this time, many Japanese artists
were influenced by Western animation and decided to create specific national content for
Japan. This was very difficult because materials were expensive and Japan suffered
several economic crises due to natural disasters and later because of World War 2.
In the 1940s, Japan premiered the first animated film which was sponsored by the
government. When the war ended, over the years manga (Japanese comic books and
graphic novels) were distributed to the population. They served as a distraction from the
harsh realities that Japanese people had to face after the war.
Today there are a plethora of anime titles aimed at all types of audiences, and it has grown
to become one of the most important export products for the Japanese economy. Anime’s
characteristics are having real-feeling plots, full of emotions and drama. In some cases,
strong exaggeration of the actions performed by the characters is used. Common anime
tends to have characters with large, oval eyes, outrageous haircuts, and very humanized
bodies.
Anime should not be taken as being children’s entertainment only, it is more to the
contrary. Most titles are aimed at a mature audience. There are anime companies that have
managed to create content to satisfy both audiences, such as Studio Ghibli, one of the
most powerful companies in the world of animation.
1. The land of the rising sun refers

to ………
a. Japan 4. Anime has become a……..
b. The rest of the world a. relevant export product
c. China b. relevant import product
2. The creation of anime was c. non-relevant export product
influenced by ……. 5. Common anime has characters
a. World War 2 that are …….
b. National Japanese content a. similar to human beings
c. Western Animation b. very different to human
3. What is manga? beings
a. Anime c. similar to alien forms
b. Japan Comic magazines 6. Anime is aimed to …..
c. Books a. only children audience
b. only adult audience
c. A and B
21
C. GRAMMAR: WOULD PREFER
We use would prefer or ’d prefer, followed by a to-infinitive or a noun, to talk about
present and future preferences:
I’d prefer to go by myself.
Would you prefer a quieter restaurant?
She’d prefer not to drive at night.
When we want to say that we would like to do one thing more than another, we can
introduce the second thing with rather than, followed by an infinitive without to:
I’d prefer to go skiing this year rather than go on a beach holiday.
When we are talking about our preferences for the actions of another person, we
can use would prefer + object pronoun + to-infinitive or would prefer it if + past
simple:
They’d prefer us to come later. (or They’d prefer it if we came later.)
Would you prefer me to drive? (or Would you prefer it if I drove?)
1. I would prefer ……. English 5. Ana would prefer us ……..

language rather than Japanese. earlier.
a. to study a. to come
b. study b. come
c. studying c. coming
2. She would prefer ……. 6. …………… to travel to the
a. an easier topic mountains?
b. have an easier topic a. You would prefer
c. having an easier topic b. Would you prefer
3. Mary would prefer …….. at c. Would prefer
night, it is dangerous. 7. Kerly ………. to watch Anime
a. not drive rather than read Manga.
b. to drive a. would prefer
c. not to drive b. prefer
c. prefer would
4. George would prefer to read 8. They don´t like that movie.
books …….. TV. They´d prefer it if we …….
a. rather than watch a. to see it
b. than watch b. see it
c. to watch c. didn´t see it
22
B. Order the sentences:
1. to / prefer / Erik / more / would / eat / vegetables
……………………………………………………………………..
2. for / a / place / Elena / party / prefer / bigger / her / would
……………………………………………………………………..
3. William doesn´t like exercising.

than / to / prefer / William / by(x2) / would / go(x2) / rather / bicycle / car
……………………………………………………………………
4. I like crabs more than shrimp.

rather / prefer / eat(x2) / crabs / to / would / I / than / shrimp
……………………………………………………………………..
5. I don´t like smoking.

smoking / prefer / go / would / not / to(x2) / I / the / area
……………………………………………………………………..
1. Would you prefer to watch Anime or Western Animation? Why?
……………………………………………………………………
2. Which genre of Anime or Western Animation would you prefer? Why?
……………………………………………………………………
3. Which Animation program would you prefer to watch? Why?
……………………………………………………………………
4. Would you prefer to watch comedy rather than drama Anime? Yes-No? Why?
…………………………………………………………………….
5. Would you prefer to watch slice of life rather than fantasy Anime? Yes-No? Why?
……………………………………………………………………..
23
D. LISTENING
Listen to the audio (1C) and choose the right answer:
1. Manga exhibition is …… biggest show.

a. British Museum´s
b. Japanese Museum´s
c. Chinese Museum´s
2. Manga is as well-known as …….
a. Sushi
b. Western fast food
c. Western Animation
3. When was the most popular exhibition of Manga in the British Museum?
a. 2020
b. 2019
c. 2018
4. How many people paid to see this exhibition every day?
a. Around 1920
b. Around 1900
c. Around 1910
5. How many Manga stories are included?
a. 17
b. 18
c. 16
6. Did this exhibition include the Manga Astro Boy?
a. Yes
b. No
24
Would you prefer to watch Anime rather than read Manga? Yes-No / Why?
Share your answers with the whole class.
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25
OCABU
UNIT Lesson
1 1D
Sitcoms
A. VOCABULARY
1. Watch the following video, do you know this Sitcom? What is the Sitcom’s name?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=36HDTMf15No
2. Match the correct answer: What is a Sitcom?

a. It is a serialized comedic program where each episode revolves around a different
situation but with the same cast of characters.
b. It is a serialized comedic program where each episode revolves around a different
situation with a different cast of characters.
3. Match the sitcoms types:
Type Definition
1. Actcom a. The greatest emphasis is on the characters and their growth as human
beings. Domestic comedy is almost invariably set in and around a family unit.
2. Domcom b. It is the rarest and most serious type of sitcom. The humor is more comic
intensification than an end in itself.
3. Dramedy c. The emphasis is on action, verbal and physical.
What type is the Sitcom from the exercise 1?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
What is your favorite Sitcom? Why do you like it?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
26
B. READING
How I Met Your Mother?
How I Met Your Mother is an American sitcom,

created by Craig Thomas and Carter Bays for CBS.
The series, which aired from September 19, 2005, to
March 31, 2014, follows the main character, Ted
Mosby, and his group of friends in New York City's
Manhattan. As a framing device, Ted, in 2030,
recounts to his son, Luke, and daughter, Penny, the
events from September 2005 to May 2013 that led him to meet their mother.
Known for its unique structure, humor, and incorporation of dramatic elements, How I
Met Your Mother was popular throughout its run. It received positive reviews initially,
but the reception became more mixed as the seasons went on. The show was nominated
for 91 awards and received 21.
The story goes into a flashback and starts in 2005 with 27-year-old Ted Mosby living in
New York and working as an architect. The narrative deals primarily with his best friends,
including the long-lasting couple Marshall Eriksen (Jason Segel) and Lily Aldrin (Alyson
Hannigan), womanizing playboy Barney Stinson (Neil Patrick Harris), and Canadian
news reporter Robin Scherbatsky (Cobie Smulders); all of the characters' lives are
entwined. The series explores many storylines, including a "will they or won't they"
relationship between Robin and each of the two single male friends, Marshall and Lily's
relationship, and the ups and downs of the characters' careers.
While the traditional love story structure begins when the romantic leads first encounter
each other, How I Met Your Mother does not introduce Ted's wife (Cristin Milioti) until
the eighth-season finale and only announces her full name, Tracy McConnell, during the
series finale. Her first name, Tracy, is mentioned in the first season, at the end of episode
nine. The audience would rather have seen Tracy more often.
1. How I Met Your Mother is …… 4. The story starts in …… but Ted

sitcom. is telling it in …….
a. a Canadian a. 2030-2030
b. an American b. 2030-2005
c. a British c. 2005-2030
2. The plot of the series is about all 5. Who is the character that loves
the events that led Ted to ……. going out with a lot of women?
a. meet his wife a. Ted
b. meet Penny b. Marshall
c. meet Lily c. Barney
3. The series received ….. awards. 6. How many times Ted´s wife is
a. ninety-one mentioned in the series?
b. thirty-one a. once
c. twenty-one b. twice
c. three times
27
C. GRAMMAR: PREFER - WOULD RATHER - WOULD PREFER
1. I …………. to spend my free time in the garden but the weather is not good.
a. rather
b. would prefer
c. would rather
2. I’d rather you ……….. me clean the house than lay on the sofa all day long.
a. help
b. helped
c. to help
3. I’d prefer to discuss the problem with you ………. to avoid serious talk.
a. rather than try
b. to try
c. that try
4. Clyde usually stays at home in the evenings but tonight he would prefer …………
with his friends.
a. go out
b. going out
c. to go out
5. Gloria prefers going to the restaurant ………. guests at home on her special
occasions.
a. rather than receive
b. to receiving
c. to receive
6. I’d rather call him now ………. until tomorrow. I am worried about the project.
a. than wait
b. to wait
c. than waiting
7. Alexis would rather have broccoli ………… potato salad. He is on a diet.
a. than
b. to
c. that
8. I like meeting new people, of course, but these days, I prefer ……….. alone
somewhere in the wilderness.
a. to staying
b. stay
c. staying
9. Anabelle doesn't want to change anything right now. She would rather …………
everything as it is.
a. to leave
b. leave
c. leaving
10. I prefer a good workout session in the gym ………. another computer game that
soon gets boring.
a. that
b. to
c. than
28
D. LISTENING
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=36HDTMf15No
Watch the video and choose the right answer:
1. What happened to Penny?

a. She dislocated her arm
b. She dislocated her shoulder
c. She dislocated her hand
2. Penny suffers from ….
a. diabetes
b. fracture
c. kidney disease
3. According to Sheldon, Penny suffers from …..
a. Sub-psychotic rage
b. Tourette's syndrome
c. A and B
4. How is Penny feeling?
a. Scared
b. With a lot of pain
c. A and B
5. How would Penny like Sheldon to be at that moment?
a. More talkative
b. More comforting
c. Annoyed
6. In which place does the scene take place?
a. Penny´s work
b. Sheldon´s work
c. Emergency room
29
1. Write a paragraph using the grammar related to this lesson answering the following
questions:
Which type (there are 3 in the vocabulary) of Sitcom do you prefer to watch? Why?
What Sitcom (specific Sitcom-say the name) would you rather watch? Why?
What Sitcom (specific Sitcom-say the name) would you prefer not to watch? Why?
2. Share your answers with the whole class.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
30
OCABU
UNIT Lesson
1 1E
Autonomous work
A. VOCABULARY
1. Match the following terms with their definitions:
Terms Definition
1. Action a. They use speculative, fictional science-based depictions of phenomena that
films are not fully accepted by mainstream science.
2. Adventure b. Show in which contestants, individually or as teams, play a game that
films involves answering questions or solving puzzles, usually for money or prizes.
3. Drama c. It´s a television serial dealing, especially with domestic situations and
film frequently characterized by melodrama and sentimentality.
4. Thriller d. They are illustrated and printed Japanese stories.
films
5. Science e. They typically use their action scenes to display and explore exotic
fiction films locations in an energetic way.
6. Soap f. It is a genre of comedy that revolves around a fixed set of characters
opera involved in amusing situations in each episode.
7. Game g. Suspense films refer to a broad film genre that evokes excitement and
show suspense in the audience.
8. Sports h. It´s a television programming or radio programming genre structured
program around the act of spontaneous conversation.
9. Anime i. Narrative fiction that is more serious in tone.
10. Sitcom j. TV program in which matches or sports encounters are analyzed.
11. Manga k. It is a Japanese cartoon style that can be watched on TV.
12. Talk l. The hero is pushed into a series of events that typically include violence,
show extended fighting, physical feats, and frantic chases.
2. Choose the correct term from the exercise 1 for each picture.
1. 2. 3. 4.
31
B. READING
Friends
Friends is an American television sitcom created by

David Crane and Marta Kauffman, which aired on NBC
from September 22, 1994, to May 6, 2004, lasting ten
seasons. The series finale aired on May 6, 2004, was
watched by around 52.5 million American viewers,
making it the fifth-most-watched series finale in
television history and the most-watched television
episode of the 2000s. Friends received acclaim throughout its run, becoming one of the
most popular television shows of all time. The series was nominated for 62 Primetime
Emmy Awards, winning the Outstanding Comedy Series award in 2002 for its eighth
season.
With a cast starring Jennifer Aniston, Courteney Cox, Lisa Kudrow, Matt LeBlanc,
Matthew Perry, and David Schwimmer, the show revolves around six friends in their 20s
and 30s who live in Manhattan, New York City. Rachel Green (Jennifer Aniston), a
sheltered but friendly woman, flees her wedding day and finds her childhood friend
Monica Geller (Courteney Cox), a tightly wound but caring chef. Rachel becomes a
waitress at West Village coffee house Central Perk after she moves into Monica's
apartment above Central Perk and joins Monica's group of single friends in their mid-20s:
previous roommate Phoebe Buffay (Lisa Kudrow), an odd masseuse and musician;
neighbor Joey Tribbiani (Matt LeBlanc), a dim-witted yet loyal struggling actor and
womanizer; Joey's roommate Chandler Bing (Matthew Perry), a sarcastic, self-
deprecating data processor; and Monica's older brother and Chandler's college roommate
Ross Geller (David Schwimmer), a sweet-natured but insecure paleontologist.
Episodes depict the friends' comedy, romantic adventures, and career issues, such as Joey
auditioning for roles or Rachel seeking jobs in the fashion industry.
1. Friends is …… sitcom. 4. Which one is true?

a. a Canadian a. Rachel ran away from her
b. an American wedding.
c. a British b. Mónica moves to Rachel´s
2. The plot of the series is about … apartment.
a. Six friends and their c. Mónica got a job as a
personal and work lives. waitress.
b. Six friends and their 5. Who is the character that loves
romantic lives. going out with a lot of women?
c. Six friends and their work a. Ross
lives. b. Joey
3. The series was aired for around c. Chandler
….. on NBC. 6. Which one is false?
a. nine years a. Ross is a paleontologist.
b. ten years b. Mónica knows how to cook
c. eleven years c. Phoebe isn´t a rare artist
32
C. GRAMMAR: PREFER - WOULD RATHER - WOULD PREFER
1. I’d rather my brother ………. here with me but he wants to go to the mountains.
a. stayed
b. stay
c. to stay
2. We usually get ready for the trip beforehand but now we would prefer …………
our suitcases a couple of hours before the departure.
a. pack
b. packing
c. to pack
3. I’d rather tell you the truth ……….. guilty that you don’t know anything because
of me.
a. than feel
b. to feel
c. than feeling
4. I don’t know what to say in this situation. I’d rather ………… silent and watch.
a. to keep
b. keep
c. keeping
5. Tracey prefers rock music ……….. pop songs and folk.
a. to
b. that
c. than
6. Gina prefers ……. cartoons to horror films.
a. watching
b. watch
c. watches
7. Yuli ……. to have tea. She doesn´t drink coffee.
a. would rather
b. would prefer
c. prefer
8. Anthony …… to the party, he was so boring at home.
a. would rather have gone
b. would rather has gone
c. would rather had gone
9. Chris would rather you …… last night. She was worried.
a. had called
b. have called
c. has called
10. Ulises …….. work in the morning …… in the evening.
a. would rather / to
b. would rather / than
c. would rather / rather than
33
D. LISTENING
1. Listen to the audio (1E). Match the pictures with the movies the speakers refer
to.
Speaker A
Speaker B
Speaker C
Speaker D
Speaker E
1. 2. 3.
4. 5.
2. Listen to the audio (1E). Match the speakers A-E with their thoughts.
Speakers Number Thoughts

A 1. It is a love story but not sentimental at all.
B 2. The story is about how we come up with conclusions about
people but then we realize we are wrong.
C 3. It´s a really old movie but it stills feels modern.
D 4. The main actor finishes being too sentimental.
E 5. The main character looks older but it makes the movie more
realistic.
34
UNIT 2
REPORTING LIFE
LEARNING OUTCOMES
1. Recognize the grammar structures for

reported speech on different grammar
tenses.
2. Difference between the grammar

structures for reporting information.
3. Report information on different situations:

Personal and work.
35
OCABU
UNIT Lesson
2 2A
A. WARM-UP QUESTIONS
1. Are you gullible? (Do you easily believe everything you hear?)
2. Why do you think people gossip?
3. How does social media make gossip and rumors worse?
B. VOCABULARY
1. Match the words and phrases with their meanings.
Word-phrase Letter Meaning

1. Fishing expedition a. A rumor (= unofficial interesting story or
piece of news that might be either true or
invented).
2. Gossip b. The action of spreading stories that make
people feel worried or frightened
3. Bush telegram c. An attempt to discover the facts about
something by collecting a lot of information,
often secretly.
4. Furphy d. Conversation or reports about other people's
private lives that might be unkind, disapproving,
or not true:
5. Scaremongering e. To speak very quietly, using the breath but not
the voice, so that only the person close to you
can hear you
6. Whisper f. The informal way in which information
quickly spreads from person to person.
7. Snippety g. Made up of small and often interesting pieces
of news, information, or conversation.
2. Choose a word or phrase from exercise 1 to complete the following sentences:
1. There is a lot of ………. going on, people are very frightened, but they are also
very angry.
2. The investigators' request for the company's accounts is simply a ………………
- they have no real evidence.
3. She leaned over and ……………… (past simple form) something in his ear.
36
C. READING
1. Read the following text. What is the main idea?
Understanding the Impact of Rumors and Gossip

Drama happens so frequently during the teenage years, that some people have come to
accept it as a normal part of teenage life. But when that drama involves toxic friendships,
slut-shaming, and spreading rumors, that is anything but normal. In fact, for those who
are impacted, gossip can be downright painful and almost impossible to ignore –
especially if social media is being used to spread it.
Consequently, kids who are being gossiped about are negatively impacted. For instance,
gossip and rumors can destroy a person’s self-confidence and affect their self-esteem. It
also can lead to depression, suicidal thoughts, eating disorders, anxiety, and a host of
other issues. Gossip and rumors can alienate friends, ruin reputations, and even lead to
ostracizing behavior and other forms of relational aggression. To help your child deal
effectively with gossip and rumors, it’s important to understand the difference between
the two. It also helps to understand why kids engage in gossiping and rumor-spreading.
Rumors vs. Gossip
Rumors are pieces of information or a story that has not been verified. What this means,
is that the person telling the story does not know for certain if it is true or not. Most of the
time, people who spread rumors do not bother to determine if there is any truth to what
they are saying. Typically, rumors are spread from person to person and can change
slightly each time they are told. As a result, they can become exaggerated and altered over
time. Rumors can involve just about any topic and often run the gamut. For instance, at
school, there could be rumors about casting calls in the theater department, about how the
final will be handled in history class, or that the head cheerleader is secretly dating a
member of the chess club.
Gossip is slightly different from a rumor. Usually, gossip involves a juicy detail of some
sort, which means the information is shocking or personal. What’s more, gossip is usually
spread behind a person’s back and can be very hurtful. Gossip usually involves love,
relationships, sex, and other issues that people usually do not talk about publicly. Finally,
gossip almost always causes pain and humiliation for the person it is about.
1. What makes gossip worse?

a. The social media spread 4. Which statement is true?
b. Drama a. Rumors are verified stories
c. Rumors b. Rumors are unverified info
2. What is “alienate friends”? c. Rumor is the same as gossip
a. Lose friends 5. Which statement is false?
b. Gain new friends a. Gossip has a harmful side
c. A and B b. Gossip treats personal issues
3. What is ostracizing behavior? c. Gossip is not harmful
a. Being friendly 6. Which statement is true?
b. Being unfriendly a. Gossip can destroy a person
c. Allow people to participate b. Rumor can’t smash a person
in their social activities c. Gossip isn´t detrimental
37
D. GRAMMAR: REPORTED SPEECH – PRESENT AND PAST SIMPLE
Present Simple
Indirect speech changes to past simple tense.
I like ice cream She said (that) she liked ice cream.
I don´t like ice cream She said (that) she didn’t like ice cream.
Do you like ice cream? He asked me if I liked ice cream.
Where do you eat ice cream? He asked me where I ate ice cream.
The work is easy She said the work was easy.
The shoes are dirty She said the shoes were dirty.
Where is Julie? She asked me where Julie was.
Is she sick? She asked me if she was sick.
Past Simple
Indirect speech changes to past perfect tense.
I did the homework She said (that) she had done her homework.
I didn’t do the homework She said (that) she hadn’t done her homework.
Where did she do her homework? She asked me where she had done her homework.
Did you do your homework? She asked me if I had done my homework.
I was at home She said (that) she had been at home.
They were at the shop She said (that) they had been at the shop.
Where were you? She asked me where I had been.
Was your sister stressed? She asked me if my sister had been stressed.
Time expressions
Last = the …... before / the previous …...
Yesterday = the day before
Ago = …. before
1. Mary said “I am tired of this”

a. Mary said she was tired of that
b. Mary said she was tired of this
c. Mary said she is tired of this
2. Peter said “I live here”
a. Peter said he lives here
b. Peter said he lived there
c. Peter said he lived here
3. Nella said “I bought these shoes in discount”.
a. Nella said she had bought these shoes in discount.
b. Nella said she bought these shoes in discount.
c. Nella said she had bought those shoes in discount.
4. Kerly asked “Did you do your homework yesterday?
a. Kerly asked if I had done my homework yesterday
b. Kerly asked if I had done my homework the day before
c. Kerly asked if I did my homework the day before
5. George asked “Where did she travel last week?”
a. George asked where she had traveled the week before
b. George asked where she had traveled last week
c. George asked where she traveled the week before
38
B. Complete the sentences using reported speech (Present Simple):
1. Helen: "I speak English and Spanish."

Helen said (that) ………………………………………………………….
2. Ken: "Joy often reads comics."
Ken said (that) ………………………………………………………...….
3. Harry and Marie: "We go swimming in the lake."
Harry and Marie told me (that) …………………………………………..
4. Madison: "I'm tired."
Madison remarked (that) …………………………………………………
5. Amy: "The boys always wear jeans."
Amy told me (that) ………………………………………………………
6. Oliver and Noah: "Our smartphones don't work."
Oliver and Noah mentioned (that) ……………………………………….
7. Lisa: "Alan sometimes meets friends."
Lisa said (that) …………………………………………………………....
8. Andrew: "I really love my moped."
Andrew said (that) ……………………………………………………….
9. Nick: "You have a fast car."
Nick remarked (that) ……………………………………………………..
10. Josie: "Your dogs are cute."
Josie told me (that) ……………………………………………………….
C. Complete the sentences using reported speech (Past Simple):
1. Emma: "The train left at eight."

Emma said (that) …………………………………………………………
2. Sophia: "Dan forgot his keys."
Sophia said (that) …………………………………………………………
3. Alexander: "I had a meeting at four."
Alexander remarked (that) ……………………………………………….
4. Jackson and Leo: "We visited Aunt Elisabeth."
Jackson and Leo said (that) ………………………………………………
5. Mum: "William repaired the printer."
Mum remarked (that) …………………………………………………….
6. Toby: "Jeff didn't like the food in the restaurant."
Toby mentioned (that) ……………………………………………………
7. Hannah: "I walked to the museum."
Hannah told me (that) …………………………………………………….
8. Nick: "She went home late."
Nick said (that) ……………………………………………………………
9. Alisha: "Lucas lost my money."
Alisha told me (that) ………………………………………………………
10. Dad: "Emily didn't eat potatoes as a child."
Dad told me (that) …………………………………………………………
39
E. LISTENING
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7TPZ9rDB9FM&t=25s
Watch the following video and answer the following questions:
1. How did Richard’s meeting with the movie producers go?
…………………………………………………………………………………
2. What are the producers interested in doing with Richard?
…………………………………………………………………………………
3. What may be happening in the near future?
…………………………………………………………………………………
4. What has Sandra been chosen to do?
…………………………………………………………………………………
5. According to Robert, what should they start preparing for life as?
…………………………………………………………………………………
6. How many people are going to Mars?
…………………………………………………………………………………
7. When do they want the movie to be ready?
…………………………………………………………………………………
8. What does Robert mean when he says, Curtis has a “big mouth”?
…………………………………………………………………………………
40
F. WRITING
Rewrite the following quotes using reported speech:
1. “Great minds discuss ideas. Average minds discuss events. Small minds discuss
people.” Henry Thomas Buckle
……………………………………………………………………………………
2. “Isn't it kind of silly to think that tearing someone else down builds you up?” Sean
Covey
……………………………………………………………………………………
3. “Fake news and rumors thrive online because few verify what's real and always
bias towards content that reinforces their own biases.” Ryan Higa
……………………………………………………………………………………
4. “Fake friends believe in rumors. Real friends believe in you.” Yolanda Hadid
……………………………………………………………………………………
5. “Everyone makes their own comments. That's how rumors get started.” Venus
Williams
……………………………………………………………………………………
6. “Gossip is just a tool to distract people who have nothing better to do from feeling
jealous of those few of us still remaining with noble hearts.” Anna Godbersen
……………………………………………………………………………………
G. SPEAKING
Discuss the following questions:
1. How do rumors get started?

2. Is there a lot of gossip and rumors where you live or work?
3. How do you usually react when people fill you in on gossip and rumors?
4. Why do you think people are so interested in gossip and rumors?
5. How can gossip and rumors be bad for a business?
41
OCABU
UNIT Lesson
2 2B
1. Have you ever read fake news online? If so, how did you know it was fake?
2. Why do you think people write fake news stories?
3. What can people do to avoid fake news?
B. VOCABULARY
1. Match the words and phrases with their sentences.
1. We could put a nice display in the window shop. That might source
……….…… the customers’ …………...
fact
2. I’m not sure I trust this information. Is it from a primary
………………...? biased
3. I really think the referee is ………………. I mean, he’s given grab someone’s attention
us two red cards and given the other team three penalties!
That’s hardly fair, is it? headlines
4. This medication may not be suitable for people with existing be familiar with something
illnesses. ………………., consult your doctor before using this
product. confirm something
5. It’s a scientific ……… that the Earth orbits the sun, although claim
people haven’t always believed this.
if in doubt
6. Sorry, I’m a Windows user. I’m not …………………. Macs.
Could you help me load some files?
7. They …………... (Past simple form) the appointment of the new Prime Minister late
last night.
8. The suspect ……………… (Past simple form) that he was at home when the crime
took place.
9. I don’t really watch the news. I listen to the …………………now, but I find most of
the news these days depressing.
42
C. READING
1. Identifying fake news isn’t easy! The table below lists various tips to help you
decide whether an online information source can be trusted. Match the tip title to
its description.
• Think about the source • Is it a joke?

• Are you biased? • Check the author
• Ask the experts • Check the date
• Keep reading … • Supporting sources
Do you know the source? Have you used this source in the past? What
1. …………… is the mission or purpose of the website (e.g., to entertain, inform,
promote, sell, etc.)? Where was this source shared? Do you trust
information that is shared on social media?
2. ………….... Sometimes articles begin with a headline that grabs the reader’s
attention. Read on, because the headline may not tell the whole story.
3. …………… Who wrote the article? Are you familiar with the writer? Are they
even a real person?
4. ………….... If a story includes sources for its facts, click on the sources. Check
the details – do the sources actually say what the story claims?
5. ………….... When was the article published? Is it up-to-date, or is it old news? Be
careful – some sites will repost old stories but change the date to make
them seem more recent.
6. …………… Is the article actually serious? There are many sites which share fake
stories that are meant to be funny.
What’s your opinion on the topic? People often trust information that
7. …………… confirms their own beliefs. We are also more likely to trust
information shared by people (e.g., friends) that have similar beliefs
to our own. A story might share ideas that support your own views,
but that doesn’t mean they are true.
8. …………… If in doubt, ask an expert. There are online fact checking sites that
can help you decide if information is real or fake.
2. Answer the following questions:
1. Which tip do you think is the most effective? Why?
…………………………………………………………………………………….
2. Which tip do you think is the least effective? Why?
…………………………………………………………………………………….
3. Do you know any online fact checking site?
…………………………………………………………………………………….
43
D. GRAMMAR: REPORTED SPEECH – PRESENT AND PAST CONTINUOUS
Present Continuous
Indirect speech changes to past continuous.
"I am reading a book", he explained. He explained that he was reading a book
“She isn’t studying for her exam”, said Ana. Ana said she wasn´t studying for her exam
“Is she working late?” Carlos asked. Carlos asked if she was working late
“Who are you calling?” Mary asked. Mary asked who I was calling
Past Continuous
Indirect speech changes to past perfect continuous.
"We were living in Paris", they told me. They told me that they had been living in Paris.
“I wasn’t working at the mall”, said Peter. Peter said he hadn’t been working at the mall.
“Was she eating?” Mike asked. Mike asked if she had been eating.
“What were you doing? Julie asked. Julie asked what I had been doing.
Time expressions
Today = that day
Now = then
Tonight = that night
1. 'I wasn't paying attention at the time.' / He said that he ___ attention at the time.
a. didn't pay
b. hadn't been paying
c. hasn't been paying
2. 'We're meeting Toni at 8 o'clock.' / She said that they ___ meeting Toni at 8
o'clock. I hope they're having a nice time!
a. were meeting
b. are meeting
c. had been meeting
3. 'We're having a great time here on holiday!' / I got a postcard from my parents –
they said they're having a great time ___ on holiday.
a. there
b. here
c. then
4. 'Coralia's arriving today.' / She told me that Coralia was arriving ___, but I found
out the next day that her visit was cancelled.
a. today
b. that day
c. ago
5. “We were living in Guayaquil,” said my sisters.
a. My sisters said that they had been living in Guayaquil.
b. My sisters said that they have been living in Guayaquil
c. My sisters said that we had been living in Guayaquil
6. “The baby's sleeping!”
a. He told me the baby was sleeping.
b. He told me the baby is sleeping
c. He told me the baby had been sleeping
44
B. Complete the sentences using reported speech (present or past continuous):
1. Jenny: "I'm coming down."

Jenny said (that) ……………………………………………………………
2. Tim: "Jack is having breakfast."

Tim said (that) …………………………………………………………...…
3. Jamy: "She's telling a joke."

Jamy told me (that) …………………………………………………………
4. Mavis: "The dog is running after the cat."

Mavis remarked (that) ………………………………………………………
5. Peter: "I'm playing the piano."

Peter said (that) ………………………………………………………….….
6. Zack: "You're drinking tea."

Zack mentioned (that) ………………………………………………………
7. Ella: "It's not raining."

Ella remarked (that) ………………………………………………………...
8. Jacob: "Riley is checking the computer."

Jacob said (that) …………………………………………………………….
9. Owen: "They aren't watching TV."

Owen told me (that) ………………………………………………………...
10. Nora: "He is learning Spanish words."

Nora said (that) ……………………………………………………………...
11. "Lucy is reading a book in front of the fire"

She told me Lucy …………………………………………………………...
12. "I'm not going out"

She said she ……………………………………………………………........
13. "We are not visiting Paris during our trip"

She said they ……………………………………………………………......
14. Grandma said “I was praying since morning”

………………………………………………………………………………
15. She said “I was trembling with fear”

………………………………………………………………………………
16. Boy said “I was roaming the street”

………………………………………………………………………………
45
E. LISTENING
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cSKGa_7XJkg
Watch the following video and choose the correct answer:
1. According to the video, the quote “A lie can travel halfway around the world,
while the truth is putting on its shoes” was attributed to ……………
a. Mark Twain
b. Aristoteles
c. Anonymous
2. What is circular reporting?
a. Publication A publishes real information, publication B reprints it, and
publication A then cites B as the source for the information.
b. Publication A publishes misinformation information, publication B reprints
it, and publication A then cites B as the source for the information.
c. Both
3. How many articles against routine vaccination were published in 1998?
a. Two
b. One
c. Three
4. Which one is false:
a. The article “Energy expenditure in adolescents playing new generation
computer games” was published in the British Medical Journal.
b. The article “Energy expenditure in adolescents playing new generation
computer games” was fake.
c. The article “Energy expenditure in adolescents playing new generation
computer games” has been referenced in other publications over three
hundred times.
5. Which one is true?
a. User-generated content is always reliable
b. User-generated content isn’t a contributor to circular reporting
c. Wikis are examples of user-generated content
46
F. WRITING
Can you write your own fake news?
Create a short fake news story about any topic you are knowledgeable about. Use reported
speech - Present and Past Continuous.
Remember, try not to make it obvious that the article is fake news
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………...
……………………………………………………………………………………………
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……………………………………………………………………………………………
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……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
G. SPEAKING
1. Where do you get your news? Which sources do you use?

2. What do you think about this sentence? ‘It must be true because I read it on the
internet.’
3. What do you understand by ‘fake news’? Brainstorm some keywords you
associate with it.
47
OCABU
UNIT Lesson
2 2C
1. Do you think journalism could be a dangerous job? Yes -No /Why?

2. What do you understand by "freedom of the press"?
3. Do you think Ecuadorian journalism has freedom of the press? Yes-No/Why?
B. VOCABULARY
1. Match the following synonyms:
1. Journalism …………………. Announcement

2. Profession …………………. Fatalities
3. Statement …………………. Focus
4. Correspondents …………………. Turned out
5. Grave …………………. Reporters
6. Deaths …………………. News reporting
7. Wars …………………. Deadly
8. Spotlight …………………. Serious
9. Proved …………………. Career
10. Fatal …………………. Conflicts
2. Write one sentence for each of the following words:
1. Statement / ………………………………………………………………...
2. Correspondents / …………………………………………………………...
3. Spotlight / ………………………………………………………………….
4. Turned out / ………………………………………………………………..
5. Deadly / ……………………………………………………………………
48
C. READING
1. Read the following article. What is the main idea?
Breaking News
Journalism is becoming an increasingly

dangerous profession. This is according to
the media organization Reporters without
Borders (RSF-Reporteros Sin Fronteras).
In a statement made on May 3, World Press
Freedom Day, RSF reported that 53
correspondents were killed last year. This
makes 2004 the deadliest year for reporters
since 1995. Most of the journalists were
murdered by people who did not want them
to report the news. RSF released an
“Enemies of Press Freedom Blacklist” on
its website to “name all those who have personally committed crimes or grave offences
against journalists.”
Unsurprisingly, Iraq was the world’s most dangerous country for journalists. A total of
56 reporters have been killed there in two years, compared with 49 deaths during the
1991-1995 wars in Yugoslavia. Vietnam is the costliest war: a total of 63 journalists were
killed, but that was over a 20-year period from 1955 to 1975. Asia is the second deadliest
place to report from, with sixteen journalist deaths last year. RSF put their spotlight on
three countries where news reporting proved to be fatal for journalists - Bangladesh,
Philippines and Sri Lanka.
2. Answer True or False:
1. Journalists around the world are facing ever more increasing dangers. T / F
2. Last year was the deadliest year ever for correspondents. T / F
3. Most journalists are killed in wars. T / F
4. Many people put journalists in graves. T / F
5. Somalia was cited as world’s most dangerous country for journalists. T / F
6. Vietnam is the costliest war in terms of journalist deaths. T / F
7. Asia is the second deadliest place in the world to report from. T / F
8. News reporting is dangerous in Bangladesh, Philippines and Sri Lanka. T / F
3. Answer the following personal questions:

1. Did you like this article? Yes-No /Why? ………………………………………….
2. Do you have more respect for journalists after reading this article? ……………..
3. Would you like to be a journalist? Yes-No/Why? ………………………………..
49
D. GRAMMAR: REPORTED SPEECH – PRESENT AND PAST PERFECT
Present Perfect
Indirect speech changes to past perfect.
"I have been to Spain", he told me. He told me that he had been to Spain.
“I haven’t seen Julie”, she said. She said (that) she hadn't seen Julie.
Have you eaten worms? asked Jenny. Jenny asked me if I had eaten worms.
Where have you traveled? asked Any. Any asked me where I had traveled.
Past Perfect
Indirect speech remains in the past perfect.
"I had just turned out the light," he explained. He explained that he had just turned out the light
“I hadn´t eaten anything”, she said. She said (that) she hadn´t eaten anything.
Had you traveled alone? asked Carl. Carl asked me if I had traveled alone.
Where had you been? asked Peter. Peter asked me where I had been.
A. Complete the sentences using reported speech (Present Perfect):
1. Kevin, “I have written four emails to my friends.”

Kevin said (that) ………………………………………………………………...
2. Fred, “Justin hasn’t seen Amy.”

Fred said (that) …………………………………………………………………..
3. Katie, “I have bought a new car.”

Katie said (that) …………………………………………………………………
4. Julia and Rob, “We haven’t prepared for the exam.”

Julia and Rob said (that) ………………………………………………………...
5. Adam, “I have found an apartment.”

Adam said (that) ………………………………………………………………...
6. Phil, “Dad has cut the tree in the backyard.”

Phil said (that) …………………………………………………………………..
7. Leo, “I have been to Germany eight times”

Leo said (that) …………………………………………………………………..
8. Claire, “I have taken first place in the competition.”

Claire said (that) ………………………………………………………………...
9. Mark, “I have eaten three sandwiches.”

Mark said (that) …………………………………………………………………
10. Ryan, “Andrew has finished his essay.”

Ryan said (that) …………………………………………………………………
50
B. Complete the sentences using reported speech (Present or Past Perfect):
1. Grandma: "Dad has made breakfast."

Grandma said (that) ………………………………………………………………
2. Mia and Zoe: "We had cleaned the kitchen."

Mia and Zoe said (that) ……………………………………………………………
3. Tom: "She has left the house."

Tom remarked (that) ………………………………………………………………
4. Ella: "I have taken great photos."

Ella told me (that) …………………………………………………………………
5. Max: "They hadn't written text messages."

Max said (that) ……………………………………………………………………
6. Henry: "Lisa has tried skateboarding."

Henry mentioned (that) …………………………………………………………...
7. Anna: "Richard had never touched a snake."

Anna said (that) …………………………………………………………………..
8. Lucas: "I haven't seen my brother since 2018."

Lucas remarked (that) …………………………………………………………….
9. Grace: "Ken has fed the pets."

Grace told me (that) ………………………………………………………………
10. Ruby: "Adam had not collected stickers."

Ruby told me (that) ……………………………………………………………….
11. Oliver and Jane, “We have ordered some food.”

Oliver and Jane said (that) ………………………………………………………..
12. Elizabeth, “I haven’t watered the flowers.”

Elizabeth said (that) ………………………………………………………………
13. The car has broken down.”

Dad said (that) ……………………………………………………………... down.
14. “I have read that book.”

Ben said (that) ………………………………………………………… that book.
15. “I have seen the film.”

Lily said (that) ………………………………………………………… the film.
51
E. LISTENING
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=13VJyqgZqGk
Watch the following video and choose True or False:
1. The person talking in the video was the editor-in-chief of the Guardian. T / F
2. The person´s name in the video is Alan Rusbridger. T / F
3. He wants journalists not to keep up the good fight. T / F
4. He thinks we have to reflect on how journalists fit in the world. T / F
5. He has helped politicians to hide truth facts. T / F
6. He thinks that if journalism is well done, it will speak for itself. T / F
7. He wants fewer people to decide to be journalists because of the danger. T / F
8. He thinks journalists must have commitment and passion for work despite the
bullying. T / F
9. Less than 63 journalists were killed for doing their jobs in 2018. T / F
10. He sees News like any other public service that societies need for existing. T / F
52
F. WRITING AND SPEAKING
Choose any real and actual news from Ecuador or around the world. Write a short News
report about it. Remember to use reported speech for Present and Past Perfect Tenses, to
do this involve other people's statements. When you finish it, film a video reporting it for
TV news. Try to make the video the most realistic you can by choosing the appropriate
clothing and place.
Tips
While writing a news report, make sure you
answer all the WH questions:
▪ What was the event?
▪ Where did it take place?
▪ When did it take place? (Date and Time)
▪ Who was involved in the event?
▪ Why did it happen?
▪ How did the event happen?
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………...
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
53
OCABU
UNIT Lesson
2 2D
1. Have you ever left a message?

2. What was the message about?
3. Did the addressee receive the message correctly? Yes-No / Why not?
B. VOCABULARY
1. Complete the conversation ordering the following phrases:
▪ To confirm, you said you’re having a meeting tomorrow at 7 a.m.

▪ Sorry, I’m afraid is not here
▪ May I know who’s calling?
▪ May I speak to Mr. Smith?
▪ Would you like to leave a message?
▪ Hi, am I calling the Smith family?
▪ Yes, here is the Smith family
▪ I am Miss Delia from work
▪ Yes, tell him we’re having a meeting tomorrow at 7 a.m.
▪ Yes, that’s right
▪ Thank you for the call, I’ll pass your message
1. Transmitter: Hi, am I calling the Smith family?

2. Receiver: Yes, here is the Smith family
3. Transmitter: ………………………………………………………...
4. Receiver: …………………………………………………………...
5. Receiver: …………………………………………………………...
6. Transmitter: ………………………………………………………...
7. Receiver: …………………………………………………………...
8. Transmitter: ………………………………………………………...
9. Receiver: ……………………………………………………………
10. Transmitter: …………………………………………………………
11. Receiver: ……………………………………………………………
54
C. READING
1. Read the following article. What is the main idea?
Leaving a message
Business experts commonly contact clients, or individuals representing companies

with which official contracts or agreements have been made (or are in the process of
being made), with business phone calls. Business phone calls are utilized for
maximum professional dialogue, the mood and feelings of others to be better
understood, and are inherently personal; all these things combine to make business
phone calls ideal for individuals who wish to develop profitable and mutually
beneficial agreements. What a caller says during a business call conversation could
determine whether or not someone returns a phone call, and in turn, whether or not
valuable agreements are made. To understand a typical business phone call message,
consider the following example:
Secretary: Hello, Holton Incorporated. How can I help you?
Caller: Hello, my name is Jack Tempt and I represent Syfo Industries. I’m calling to
speak with Jared Lotner in marketing.
Secretary: I’m sorry, Mr. Lotner is in a meeting until three. May I ask why you’re
calling?
Caller: We spoke at a conference earlier this week, and he stated that he’d be
interested in learning more about the products that my company offers. Do you know
when he’ll be available?
Secretary: Unfortunately, I’m not sure when he’ll be finished. But I’d be happy to tell
him you called. May I have your name and phone number, please?
Caller: My name is Jack Tempt and my phone number is 569-349-1200. Please tell
Mr. Lotner that I’m very eager to speak with him, and that I have the warranty
information he requested.
Secretary: OK, I’ll let him know. Thanks for calling!
Caller: Thank you.
This business message might be a bit more polite and straightforward than most “real
life” messages, but it successfully captures the general tone and procedures of the
message-leaving process. Kindness, directness, and attentiveness will go a long way
during such messages, which will once again help to create long-term business
relationships. So long as a caller knows why he or she is calling and clearly provides
this information (in addition to his or her own phone number, of course) a business
call is likely to be successful.
2. Choose True or False:
1. Business phone calls are made to benefit professional agreements. T / F

2. If the receiver isn’t available, you must end the call immediately. T / F
3. The tone of a quality business call message must be clear and informative. T / F
4. There aren’t benefits of a successful business call. T / F
5. The most important information to leave during a business call message is the
date of the call. T /F
55
D. GRAMMAR: REPORTED SPEECH – WILL, MODAL VERBS, COMMANDS
Future simple (Will)

Indirect speech uses “would”
She said, "I’ll go home early today." She said she would go home early today.
Time expressions:
Next year = the following year
Tomorrow = the next day / the following day
Modal verbs
She said, "I can go home early today." She said she could go home early today
She said, "I must go home early today." She said she had to go home early today.
She said, "What shall we learn today?" She asked what we should learn today.
She said, "May I open the window?" She asked if she might open the window.
Commands
Reported Orders, Commands and Requests are formed using the to-infinitive and not to-infinitive.
Direct speech: “Open the door!” Reported speech: He ordered me to open the door.
Direct speech: “Don’t answer the phone.” Reported speech: She told me not to answer the phone.
A. Complete the sentences using reported speech:
1. 'I may go hiking next Saturday.'

He said that he …………………………………………………….. next Saturday.
2. 'Our family must live in that house.'

You said that our family ………………………………….……….. in that house.
3. 'I can't open this folder.'

He said he …………………………………………………………….. the folder.
4. 'You must work next weekend.'

I said you …………………………………………………………. next weekend.
5. 'My son may not travel to Europe.' (permission)

He said that his son …………………………………………………… to Europe.
6. 'She'll only sleep five hours tonight.'

He told me that she …………………………………………… five hours tonight.
7. 'My friend Peter must be very clever.'

He said that his friend Peter ………………………………………… very clever.
8. 'I may have to face him again,' said Williams.

Williams said that he …………………………………………………. him again.
9. 'I will go fishing with my friends.'

I said that I ……………………………………………………… with my friends.
10. 'You can't push the button.'

I told you that you …………………………………………………… the button.
56
B. Complete the sentences using said or told: Say – something
Tell - someone
1. My parents ……………. me that I couldn’t go to the party.
2. James …………………. Lilly that he was in love with her.
3. I ………………….. that I had already watched that movie.
4. Emily ……………………………. us that she was moving.
5. William ……………………………… it was going to rain.
6. We ……………………... that the dress was too expensive.
7. They ……….. their teacher that they hadn't done their task.
8. You ……………………...... that you wouldn't go with me.
9. Chloe …………… she was not going to swim in that river.
10. I …….. my brother that he should wear a helmet for safety.
C. Complete the sentences using reported speech (commands):
1. Andrew: "Clean the blue bike!"

Andrew told me …………………………………………..
2. Jessica: "Write a text message!"

Jessica told me …………………………………………...
3. Nelly: "Help Peter's sister!"

Nelly told me …………………………………………….
4. Fred: "Wash your hands!"

Fred told me ……………………………………………..
5. Anna: "Open the window!"

Anna told me …………………………………………….
6. Karen: "Don't play football in the garden!"

Karen told me ……………………………………………
7. Teacher: "Don't forget your homework!"

The teacher reminded me ………………………………..
8. Mike: "Don't shout at Peter!"

Mike told me …………………………………………….
9. Yvonne: "Don't talk to your neighbor!"

Yvonne told me …………………………………………..
57
E. LISTENING
1. Before listening write the proper phrase on each column:
▪ Would you like to leave a message?

▪ I'll give her your message when she comes back to the office.
▪ Here’s my email address.
▪ Please ask her to call me back.
▪ Thank you for calling.
▪ I’ll call back later.
▪ Could you take a message, please?
▪ Could you give me your number, please?
Taking a message Leaving a message
2. Listen to the audio (2D) and choose True or False.
1. Maria isn’t in a meeting. True False
2. Peter's number is 07460 990188. True False
3. Peter needs to give Maria the new project figures. True False
4. Peter might not be in a meeting later that afternoon. True False
5. Peter prefers Maria to email him back instead of calling back. True False
6. Peter's email address is peter.griffin@fresh.com True False
58
F. WRITING
Rewrite the following messages using any of the tenses required in the reported speech:
Dr Kaushik: Could you please tell her that I have seen all her test reports. They do
not show any serious problems and if there would be no improvement, we might take
some more tests. I advise her to continue the same set of medicines for a week and I
have fixed her appointment with the cardiologist for four o’clock at the Christ
Hospital. She must reach there on time with all her reports.
Dr Kaushik said …………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………...
Raj: I called to tell him that today’s class is suspended as our teacher had to go for
a family emergency. The cancelled class will be held on Sunday. Please inform him
of the same.
Raj said ………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
G. SPEAKING
1. Role-play a conversation in which one takes the message and the other student
receives the message, use vocabulary from this lesson.
Transmitter: …….…...
Receiver: …………....
Transmitter: ………....
Receiver: ………….....
2. Finally, one of them will give the message to the whole class using reported
speech.
The transmitter said ……….
59
OCABU
UNIT Lesson
2 2E
Autonomous work
A. VOCABULARY
1. Write one sentence for each term:
1. Gossip
……………………………………………………………………………
2. Bush telegram
…………………………………………………………………………….
3. Furphy
…………………………………………………………………………….
4. Snippety
…………………………………………………………………………….
5. Announcement
…………………………………………………………………………….
6. Focus
…………………………………………………………………………….
7. Reporters
…………………………………………………………………………….
8. News reporting
…………………………………………………………………………….
9. Career
…………………………………………………………………………….
60
B. READING
1. Read the following text. Write the correct heading for each paragraph, one isn’t
needed:
a. Why fake news is hard to stop
b. How we can try and control fake news
c. Motives for creating fake news
d. The financial rewards of fake news
e. An example of a fake news story
f. How a fake news story can grow
The rise of fake news

1. …………………………..
In December 2016 Edgar M. Welch drove six hours from his home to Washington DC,
where he opened fire in a pizzeria with an assault rifle. He had previously read an online
news story about the restaurant being the headquarters of a group of child abusers run by
Hillary Clinton. He decided to investigate for himself; fortunately, no one was hurt.
2. …………………………
The story about Hillary Clinton is one of the most famous examples of the growing
phenomenon dubbed ‘fake news’. The conspiracy theory about the pizzeria began to
appear on websites and social networks in late October, before the US election. This was
quickly denounced by publications such as The New York Times and The Washington
Post. However, many people thought that these papers were themselves lying for political
ends and instead of disappearing, the fake story snowballed. Tweets from ‘Representative
Steven Smith of the 15th District of Georgia’ claimed that the mainstream media were
telling falsehoods. Even though both this name and district were invented, the message
was re-tweeted many times. A YouTube refutation of the New York Times article got
250,000 hits.
3. …………………………
Fake news stories can be hard to control for several reasons. Many people mistrust
established news sources and others just don’t read them, so the debunking of a fake story
by a serious newspaper or TV channel has limited effect. In addition, the internet is very
hard to police. When users are caught misusing one media platform, they simply go to
another one or start up a website themselves.
4. ………………………….
There are also various reasons why people create fake news. Some have political motives,
to belittle or incriminate their opponents. Other websites, like The Onion, deliberately
publish fake news as satire – humorous comment on society and current affairs. Another
group is in it for the profit: many people clicking on entertaining fake news stories can
bring in a lot of advertising revenue. One man running fake news sites from Los Angeles
said he was making up to US$ 30,000 a month in this way. There are also those, like the
small-town teenagers in Macedonia who wrote fake news stories about Donald Trump,
who seem to be motivated partly by money and partly by boredom.
5. ………………………….
So, what can we do to stop fake news spreading? First, make sure that the websites you
read are legitimate, for example by looking carefully at the domain name and the About
Us section. Check the sources of any quotes or figures given in the story. Remember that
amazing stories about famous people will be covered by the mainstream media if they are
true. Only share stories you know are true and let your friends know, tactfully, when they
unknowingly share fake news. Together we can turn around the post-truth world!
61
2. Read again and choose the correct answer:
1. Why did Elgar Welch go to the pizzeria?
a. He was trying to commit robbery.

b. He hated all supporters of Hillary Clinton.
c. He was working as a private investigator and investigating a crime.
d. He had become concerned after reading an untrue news story.
2. Why did many people not believe The Washington Post and The New York Times
when they denounced the pizzeria story?
a. They checked the facts and found that the articles were incorrect.
b. They didn't trust anybody.
c. They thought the newspapers had a political agenda.
d. They thought the newspapers had not researched the story carefully enough.
3. Who is Steven Smith?
a. a local politician from Georgia

b. a journalist on The New York Times
c. a member of the US House of Representatives
d. a fictitious person, created to attack the media
4. Which reason for the difficulty of controlling fake news stories is not given in the
article?
a. Many people don’t read the mainstream media.

b. Online media platforms don’t check stories before publishing them.
c. People are skeptical of the mainstream media.
d. Fake news stories can easily switch to other websites and platforms if caught.
5. Which type of motivation for the creation of fake news is not given?
a. It’s a way of making money from people who pay to read the stories.
b. It’s a way of commenting on current affairs.
c. It’s a way of attacking your political opponents.
d. It’s a form of entertainment.
6. How does the author feel about stopping fake news spreading?
a. cautiously optimistic
b. doubtful
c. positive
d. pessimistic
62
C. GRAMMAR: REPORTED SPEECH - ALL TENSES
1. Complete the sentences with reported speech:
1. She told him, "Shut the door!"

She told him ……………………………………………………………..
2. He said, "I am going home now."

He said (that) …………………………………………………………….
3. Sam asked her, "Have you got 20 pounds?"

Sam asked her ……………………………………………………………
4. He wanted to know, "Which picture is the most famous one?"

He wanted to know ………………………………………………………
5. She said, "I was biking yesterday."

She said (that) …………………………………………………………….
6. He was told, "Fill in the form!"

He was told ……………………………………………………………….
7. She said, "I am doing my homework.

She said (that) …………………………………………………………….
8. They asked me, "Did Paul lose the match?"

They asked me ……………………………………………………………
9. He told her, "Don't call me before 7 o'clock!”

He told her ………………………………………………………………..
10. Mother said to me, "I will buy that book for you."
Mother said to me (that) ………………………………………………….
11. Cathy asked me, "Is the movie interesting or boring?"

Cathy asked me ……………………………………………………………
12. She said to him, "I have invited you to my party."

She said to him (that) ………………………………………………………
13. They wanted to know, "When is your birthday?"

They wanted to know ………………………………………………………
14. Susan said, "I like classical music."

Susan said (that) ……………………………………………………………
15. She asked me, "Where did you meet her?"

She asked me ……………………………………………………………….
63
D. LISTENING
1. Before watching the video, match some words and phrases with their
definitions:
Words / phrases Letter Definitions

1. To abide a. To confront and deal with a difficult situation
2. Online grooming b. To trick or force a young person into doing
something sexual
3. To face up to c. Comply with
something
4. To outline d. The institution and conducting of legal
proceedings against someone
5. Lobbying e. A general agreement
6. Criminal f. Laws, considered collectively
prosecution
7. Legislation g. Work in an organized and active way towards a
particular goal
8. A consensus h. To seek to influence on an issue
9. To campaign i. Pleading
10. Urging on j. To give a summary of
2. Watch the video and answer True or False:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pI8LVHXOSu4
1. Social media companies received fines for spreading illegal content. _____
2. Big-tech firms will legally have to provide safety of social media. _____
3. Frida wonders how long will the legal process take. _____
4. Frida urges that she is the only one who is dealing with her case. _____
5. According to the secretary, YouTube will ban terrorist ideologies. _____
6. The UK government proposes prosecution of all managers of social media
companies. _____
7. Free speech will be protected by news websites. _____
8. Ian Russel argues that UK government should have imposed stricter sanctions. _____
64
UNIT 3
ASTOUNDING STORIES
LEARNING OUTCOMES
1. Recognize and use grammar structures for the present

and past perfect continuous.
2. Contrast and use the present perfect simple and

continuous in stories.
3. Contrast and use the past perfect simple and

continuous in stories.
65
OCABU
UNIT Lesson
3 3A
1. Have you ever gone out with someone you’ve never met before and known little or
nothing about? Yes-No / How was it?
2. Do you know what a blind date is?
3. Do you like blind dates? Yes-No /Why?
B. VOCABULARY
1. Write the phrases in the correct definition.
1. To have a feeling of romantic love for someone, blind dates

especially someone you do not know well.
………………………… turn up late
2. When someone arrives late somewhere. get off to a bad start
…………………………
picky
3. Romantic appointments with someone you don't
know. can’t get a word in edgeways
…………………………
having chemistry
4. When nothing is good enough for you.
………………………… having a crush on someone
5. When you can´t speak at all. jolly
…………………………
6. It’s the mutual emotional connection between two people.

…………………………
7. Being cheerful.
…………………………
8. When something doesn´t have a good start.

…………………………
66
C. READING
1. Read the following conversation. What is it about?
Nate: So, tell me, you had a blind date. What was it like?
Josh: Not a great one.
Nate: Not great. Oh, no.
Josh: So, first of all, I had a cold, so I wasn’t my usual jolly self.
Nate: OK.
Josh: As you can tell!
Nate: Yes.
Josh: But she turned up late, she didn’t apologize for being late, she knew she was late,
so things kind of got off to a bad start, and it was clear there was no…
Nate: No chemistry
Josh: Yeah, no chemistry.
Nate: Oh, no.
Josh: These things are always risky.
Nate: Yeah, of course. They’re always risky. What did she look like?
Josh: Well, she kind of looked like my mum.
Nate: Oh, no. That can’t be good.
Josh: I can’t fancy it’ll work.
Nate: Did your mum set up the date?
Josh: No, it was actually a cousin of mine. There seems to be some worry in the family
that I’m not finding love. Maybe it’s my fault, maybe I’m too picky.
Nate: Well, what did you guys talk about?
Josh: Well, I didn’t talk about anything. She did not stop talking.
Nate: Oh, no.
Josh: I could not get a word in edgeways.
Nate: What did she talk about?
Josh: Well, she talked about her ex-boyfriend, she talked about how much she wanted to
travel, she talked about why she’s a vegetarian…
Nate: OK.
Josh: All sorts of stuff, man.
Nate: Well, I have a new friend, I could introduce you to her.
Josh: I think I’m going to take a sabbatical to be honest. This has really put me off…
Nate: …OK, OK. I’ll check back with you in a couple of weeks.
Josh: If you’re ever free, let me know.
Nate: OK!
Choose True or False:
1. Nate was sick on his blind date. T/F

2. Josh arrived late to his blind date. T/F
3. Josh didn’t feel any chemistry with this girl. T / F
4. Josh’s cousin set up the blind date. T/F
5. The girl didn´t talk much on the date. T/F
6. Josh is eager to date someone else soon. T/F
67
D. GRAMMAR: PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
It’s is used to talk about something that started in the past and is continuing at the
present time.
Example: I have been reading War and Peace for a month now.
Affirmative
Subject + have/has + been + verb-ing
Mia has been competing in flute competitions recently
Negative
Subject + have/has not + been + verb-ing
I haven’t been feeling well lately.
Interrogative
(Wh-word) + have/has + subject + been + verb-ing
Has she been running?
Where has she been running?
With verbs not normally used in the continuous form, use the simple present perfect
instead (verbs such as: know, hate, hear, understand, want).
I've wanted to visit China for years.
She's known Robert since she was a child.
I've hated that music since I first heard it.
I've heard a lot about you recently.
We've understood everything.
A. Choose the correct answer:
1. She ………….. here for five years.

a. have been working
b. has been working
c. has been work
2. I ……………... all day.
a. have been studying
b. has been studying
c. am being studying
3. You ………….. a lot recently.
a. have being eat
b. has been eating
c. have been eating
4. We …………… in London for six months.
a. Have being living
b. Has been living
c. Have been living
5. He ……………. football, so he's tired.
a. has being playing
b. has been played
c. has been playing
68
B. Complete the sentences with the present perfect continuous form:
1. They …………………………………… (learn) English for two years.
2. I …………………………………… (cook) so I'm really hot.
3. She …………………………… (go) to the cinema every weekend for years.
4. It …………………………………… (rain), the pavement is wet.
5. You …………………………………… (sleep) for twelve hours.
6. I …………………………………… (not/work) today.
7. You …………………………………… (not/eat) well recently.
8. We …………………………………… (not/exercise) enough.
9. She …………………………………… (not/study).
10. They …………………………………… (not/live) here for very long.
11. He …………………………………… (not/play) football for five years.
12. We ……………………… (not/drink) enough water - that's why we feel tired.
13. I …………………………………… (not/sleep), I was reading.
14. They …………………………………… (not/watch) TV much recently.
15. Andrew ………………………………… in the country since 2015. (not/ live)
16. How long …………… your grandparents ………..………… this car? (drive)
17. They …………………………………… today. (not/cycle)
18. Tony …………………………………… his book, but Mary has. (not/read)
19. How long …………… he ………………………….. for her? (wait)
20. ………….. Andy ………………… on the blue car all day? (work)
21. My brother …………………………………… hard enough. (not/study)
22. How long ……………… they ………………………… for a flat? (look)
23. I …………………………………… my homework recently. (not/do)
24. ……………. you ……………………… the whole morning? (sleep)
69
E. LISTENING
Watch the following video and choose True or False:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V5PzDHbAtO4
1. She thinks the service in the place has improved. T/F

2. They met through a dating app. T/F
3. She always googles people before dating with them. T/F
4. The woman approached to make a compliment to him. T/F
5. He is almost retired from work. T/F
6. Rachel is Amela’s friend. T/F
F. WRITING
Work in Pairs. Write a funny role-play (200 words) performing a first blind date.
Remember to use the Present Perfect Continuous. If it is feasible, you can use the
vocabulary of this lesson.
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
G. SPEAKING
Perform the role play with your partner.
70
OCABU
UNIT Lesson
3 3B
1. What is an anecdote?
2. Have you had any fun anecdotes? Tell about it briefly.
B. VOCABULARY
1. Choose the correct word from the chart to complete the story.
Wrong Classroom
1. ………………… , I have to say I was with my head in

another place. On my first day of class in Fine-Tuned English,
I got confused and went into the wrong classroom. I had been by that point
looking for cheap flights for my vacation so I was out of my
mind. I didn’t even realize that I was in the wrong room when in the end
the class ended. 2 ………………., I had already made friends.
3 ………………. , the teacher started the class and it was so at that moment
funny. 4 ……………... , my classmates were the same age as
me, so that is why I didn’t have doubts about my class. The finally
next day, I 5…………... realized what had happened because
my best friend asked “Why you weren’t in class yesterday? also
You’re my classmate.” 6 ………………., I and my friend
laughed so loud that everyone that passed by started to look first of all
at us like we were crazy. 7 …..……………, I felt so
embarrassed because my “classmates” had been inviting me later on
to parties and I accepted.
Answer the following question:
What is an anecdote?
a. It is simply a story that’s short and self-contained. Most anecdotes revolve around
a central theme or event without too much complexity. Anecdotes can be true or
fictional (or somewhere in between when it comes to exaggeration).
b. It is simply a story that’s short and self-contained. Most anecdotes revolve around
a central theme or event with a lot of complexity. Anecdotes can be true or
fictional (or somewhere in between when it comes to exaggeration).
71
C. READING
1. Read the following story. Who are the main characters of the story?
Who are they? What had they been doing?

Where had they been going?
Donald and Elizabeth had been driving to church before they stopped. They had been
driving down a dirt road when they heard a strange noise. Donald stopped the car. He got
out of the car. Then, he helped Elizabeth out of the car. Elizabeth sat and waited for
Donald.
Donald looked at the car. It had been going for an hour or so. He knew how to fix cars.
He had been working as a mechanic for 5 years before he moved to the country. Donald
got his tools. He looked under the hood. It seemed that the engine had been heating up.
He crawled under the car.
Donald had been working on the car for a while when Jake parked beside him. Jake had
been driving home when he saw Donald and Elizabeth on the side of the road. Jake helped
Donald fix the car. Donald thanked Jake for his help. Elizabeth waved to Jake as they
drove away. Thanks to Jake's help, they arrived at church on time.
Answer the following questions:
1. Where had Donald and Elizabeth been driving before the car stopped?
…………………………………………………………………………………….
2. How long had the car been going before it stopped?

…………………………………………………………………………………….
3. How long had Donald been working as a mechanic before he moved to the
country?
…………………………………………………………………………………….
4. Where had Jake been driving when he saw Donald and Elizabeth?
…………………………………………………………………………………….
5. How many characters are there in the story?

…………………………………………………………………………………….
6. What was the problem with the car?

…………………………………………………………………………………….
7. Who finally fixed the car?

…………………………………………………………………………………….
8. How was the road?

…………………………………………………………………………………….
72
D. GRAMMAR: PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS
The past perfect continuous (also known as the past perfect progressive) is a verb tense
that shows that an action that started in the past continued up until another time in the past.
Example: I had been working at the company for five years when I got the promotion.
Affirmative
Subject + had + been + verb-ing
Martha had been walking three miles a day before she broke her leg.
Negative
Subject + had not + been + verb-ing
We hadn't been living there long
Interrogative
(Wh-word) + had + subject + been + verb-ing
Had you been working?
Where had you been working?
1. When I got home, my mother ___ off the TV because she ___ the news.
a. had turned / had just been watching
b. had been turning / had watched
c. had been turning / had watched
2. They ____ for hours and ____ track of the time.

a. had been waiting / was
b. had been waiting / had lost
c. had waited / was
3. I ____ about moving last week.

a. had been dreamt
b. was dreaming
c. had been dreaming
4. When the factory closed, she ___ there for 20 years.

a. didn't had been worked
b. didn't worked
c. hadn't been working
5. I was sad when I ___ my house because I ___ it for a long time.
a. had sold / had been having
b. sold / had had
c. had sold / had
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B. Complete the sentences with the past perfect continuous form:
1. I …………………………………. (work) all day, so I didn't want to go out.

2. She ………………………………. (sleep) for ten hours when I woke her up.
3. They …………………………………. (live) in Beijing for three years when
he lost his job.
4. When we met, you …………………………………. (work) at that company
for six months.
5. We …………………………………. (eat) all day, so we felt a bit ill.
6. He was red in the face because he (run) …………………………………. .
7. It …………………………………. (rain) and the road was covered in water.
8. I was really tired because I (study) …………………………………. .
9. We …………………………………. (go) out for three years when we got
married.
10. It …………………………………. (snow) for three days.
11. We ………………………………. (sleep) for 12 hours when he woke us up.
12. They …………………………………. (wait) at the station for 90 minutes
when the train finally arrived.
13. We …………………………………. (look for) her ring for two hours and
then we found it in the bathroom.
14. I …………………………………. (not/walk) for a long time, when it
suddenly began to rain.
15. How long …………………………………. (learn/she) English before she
went to London?
16. Frank Sinatra caught the flu because he ………………………………….
(sing) in the rain too long.
17. He …………………………………. (drive) less than an hour when he ran out
of petrol.
18. They were very tired in the evening because they …………………………….
(help) on the farm all day.
19. I …………………………………. (not/work) all day; so I wasn't tired and
went to the disco at night.
20. They …………………………………. (cycle) all day so their legs were sore
in the evening.
74
E. LISTENING
Watch the following video (until 2:25 time), what is the anecdote about?
https://acortar.link/c4LGPJ
1. Kelvin was playing a football game the same day of his birthday. T / F
2. Kelvin thought their friends had forgotten his birthday. T/F
3. They won the football match. T/F
4. Kelvin felt happy that his friends had forgotten his birthday. T/F
5. Kelvin felt happy when he discovered his birthday surprise. T/F
6. Kelvin’s friends spread him with wine. T/F
F. WRITING
Write a funny short anecdote (100 words), include the connectors from the vocabulary.
Remember to use the Past Perfect Continuous.
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
G. SPEAKING
Tell your fun anecdote to the whole class. The whole class can make up to three questions
to know more details about your story, so get ready to answer them at that moment.
75
OCABU
UNIT Lesson
3 3C
1. Are you afraid of going to the doctor? Yes-No / Why?

2. How often do you attend medical appointments?
B. VOCABULARY
1. Write the correct word from the chart to complete the following common phrases
used in medical appointments.
tummy prescription available swelling arrange appointment
bruised cavity
1. I have not been feeling at all well lately, so I would like to make an ……………
to see Dr Bosang, please.
2. I have …………... my finger.
3. I have a …………… in my stomach.
4. I have had a severe …………... ache for four days.
5. I need to see a doctor urgently, please. I think I need a ……………… for an

antibiotic.
6. I need an appointment with the dentist, please. I have a …………… in my tooth

which is hurting me very badly.
7. Good morning. This is Jody Miller calling. I would like to ……………. an

appointment with one of your dentists, please
8. I have to work during the day on Tuesday and Wednesday. Do you have an
appointment ………………. on Thursday or Friday?
76
C. READING
1. Read the following conversation. What is it about?
Doctor: What can I help you with today, Joe?

Joe: I have been having severe pain in my stomach, doctor.
Doctor: How long have you been experiencing these symptoms for?
Joe: It has been going on for about four days and I get cramps several times a day.
Doctor: Oh dear! What part of your abdomen are you getting the cramps in?
Joe: At first it was in the middle but now it is low down on the right-hand side.
Doctor: Have you been able to eat and drink or have you been sick?
Joe: My appetite has not been good at all and I do experience some nausea most days. I
was not able to sleep at all last night with the pain, even though I took painkillers.
Doctor: I’m sorry to hear that, Joe. I will need to examine your abdomen. Can you lie
down on the couch over here please, so that I can check your abdomen to see where it is
tender? Does it hurt when I press here?
Joe: Yes, that hurts a lot.
Doctor: I will check the other side. Does it hurt on this side?
Joe: No, that side is fine.
Doctor: In order to make a diagnosis I will need to send you for an x-ray, Joe! Take this
referral letter to the Radiology Department at the hospital. Don’t worry. The x-ray will
determine what treatment you will need.
Joe: Do you think I will need an operation?
Doctor: I hope not Joe, but we have to be certain.
Joe: Thank you, doctor.
Doctor: You’re very welcome, Joe. Be sure to bring your health insurance details with
you. Best of luck, Joe. We will be in touch with you later in the day when we hear from
the hospital with the diagnosis.
Choose the correct answer:

4. Which side has Joe been feeling
1. Joe has been sick for: pain?
a. two days a. Right
b. three days b. Left
c. four days c. Both
2. Where has Joe been feeling the 5. Which medical exam did the
pain? doctor send?
a. tummy a. X-ray
b. arm b. Blood
c. finger c. Both
3. Which other symptoms has Joe 6. Which medical treatment does
presented? Joe need?
a. nausea a. Painkillers
b. appetite b. Operation
c. headache c. He doesn´t know yet
7. Does Joe have a health
insurance?
a. Yes
b. No
77
D. GRAMMAR: PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE AND CONTINUOUS
We use the present perfect simple with action verbs to emphasize the completion of an
event in the recent past. We use the present perfect continuous to talk about ongoing events
or activities which started at a time in the past and are still continuing up until now.
Examples:
I’ve written the Politics essay. Completed event.
I’ve been writing the Politics essay. Ongoing activity: I’m still writing it.
Sometimes we can use both forms, and the meaning is the same:
I’ve lived here for 20 years. I’ve been living here for 20 years.
Warning:
The present perfect continuous form is not normally used with verbs that refer to actions
that are completed at a single point in time such as start, stop, finish:
Has the concert started already? Not: Has the concert been starting already?
Mental process and sense verbs
Some verbs are not used very often in the continuous form.
We don’t use the continuous form with verbs of mental process (know, like, understand,
believe):
They haven’t known each other for very long
Not: They haven’t been knowing each other for very long.
We don’t use the continuous form with verbs of the senses (hear, smell, taste)
Have you heard the news? Not: Have you been hearing the news?
Spoken English:
In speaking you will sometimes hear these verbs used in the continuous form to refer to
events that are ongoing or temporary:
I’ve been hearing some strange noises coming from outside.
1. She has ________ letters all morning.

a. written
b. been writing
2. She has _________ six letters this morning.

a. written
b. been writing
3. I've ____________ this watch since I was at school.

a. had
b. been having
4. We've ___________ a great time. Why don't you join us?

a. had
b. been having
78
5. Your voice sounds strange. Have you
a. been drinking?
b. drunk?
6. I've ____________to call her all morning.

a. tried
b. been trying
7. How long have you ___________, Mr. Simpkins?

a. waited
b. been waiting
8. I've _____________him that all day.

a. told
b. been telling
9. If I've _________you once, I've_________ you a thousand times, do not climb on

that wall!
a. been telling
b. told
10. I've_________ her five times this morning.

a. called
b. been calling
11. What has she ________ to her hair? It looks awful!

a. done
b. been doing
12. I've _________enough, thanks.

a. been having
b. had
13. We've _____________ up the Christmas decorations. Are you going to help?
a. been putting
b. put
14. We've ___________ to find a new flat but they're all so expensive.
a. tried
b. been trying
15. Sorry about the mess - I've __________ the kitchen.

a. painted
b. been painting
16. She's __________ in five different countries at various times in her life.
a. lived
b. been living
79
E. LISTENING
Watch the following video, what is it about?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nlzkXz0AeQk
1. Where has she been having pain? …………………………….

2. What hasn't she been able to do? ……………………………..
3. How long has she had the pain? ………………………………
4. Does she have bowel movement problems? ………………….
5. What are the causes for getting constipation? ………………...
…………………………………………………………………
6. Does the doctor prescribe medication? Yes-No? Which one?
…………………………………………………………………
F. WRITING
Work in pairs. Write a role-play conversation between you and a doctor (100 words).
Remember to use the Present Perfect Simple and Continuous and the vocabulary from the
lesson.
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
G. SPEAKING
Perform your role-play in front of the whole class.
80
OCABU
UNIT Lesson
3 3D
1. Have you ever had unusual experiences?

2. Do you know any unsolved real-life mystery story? What was it about?
B. VOCABULARY
A. Write the correct word from the chart to complete the sentences:
flash hooted pints grab careful rubbed

strange shouted hissed stretching meant find
1. What I ……………. is that you need to improve your writing skills.

2. I can´t …………… my keys, I need them to open the door.
3. Take the picture without …………., it bothers my eyes.
4. I heard a …………... noise in the attic yesterday evening.
5. You have to be ……………. while driving, don´t talk on the phone!
6. I saw a ghost, I even …………. my eyes to check it wasn´t my imagination.
7. My mom was so annoyed that she…………. at me “clean your room!”
8. My dog likes to ………….. my shoes to play. I don’t know why I buy him toys.
9. John lost a lot of blood in the accident, he needs a few …………. to recover.
10. The president was ……………… by the crowd in the park, they are not happy with his
administration.
11. The snake …………….. and went away after hearing the shot.
12. I was ……………… my body before doing my exercise routine, I don´t want to get
injured.
B. Write your own sentences with the following words:
1. Hooted / …………………………………………………………………….
2. Hissed / ……………………………………………………………………..
3. Rubbed / ……………………………………………………………………
4. Grab / ……………………………………………………………………….
81
C. READING
1. Read the following story and complete it with the words in the box:
flash hooted pints grab careful rubbed

strange shouted hissed stretching meant find
Last night I was walking home next to the river Thames when something 1. ………….
happened to me. It was late at night and I’d had a long and difficult day at work. There
was a large full moon in the sky and everything was quiet. I was tired and lonely and I’d
just had a few 2. …..… of beer in my local pub, so I decided to stop by the riverside and
look at the moon for a while. I sat on some steps very close to the water’s edge and looked
up at the big yellow moon and wondered if it really was made of cheese. I felt very tired
so I closed my eyes and after a few minutes, I fell asleep. When I woke up, the moon had
moved behind a cloud and it was very dark and cold. The wind was blowing and an owl
3. ……….. in a tree above me. I 4. …….…. my eyes and started to get up, when suddenly
I heard a splash. I looked down at the water and saw something. Something frightening
and unlike anything I’d ever seen before. Something was coming out of the water and
moving towards me. Something green and strange and ugly. It was a long green arm and
it was 5. ……….. out from the water to 6. ……… my leg. I was so scared that I couldn’t
move. I’d never been so scared in my whole life. The cold green hand was moving closer
and closer when suddenly there was a blue 7. ….….. and a strange noise from behind me.
Someone jumped onto the stairs next to me. He was wearing strange clothes and he had
a crazy look in his eyes. He 8. …..…... “Get Back!” and pointed something at the monster
in the water. There was a bright flash and the monster 9. ……….. and disappeared. I
looked up at the man. He looked strange, but kind. “Don’t fall asleep by the river when
there’s a full moon”, he said “The Moon Goblins will get you.” I’d never heard of moon
goblins before. I didn’t know what to do. “Who… who are you?” I asked him. “You can
call me… The Doctor.” He said. I was trying to think of something else to say when he
turned around and said, “Watch the stars at night, and be 10. ………… of the full moon”.
I was trying to understand what he 11. …………, when there was another blue flash and
I closed my eyes. When I opened them again, he had gone. I couldn’t believe what had
happened. What on earth were Moon Goblins, and who was the mysterious Doctor? And
why had he saved me? I was determined to 12. ………… the answers to these strange
questions. I stood up, looked at the moon and quickly walked home.
82
D. GRAMMAR: PAST PERFECT SIMPLE AND CONTINUOUS
We use the past perfect simple with action verbs to emphasize the completion of an event.
We use the past perfect continuous to show that an event or action in the past was still
continuing.
The builders had put up the scaffolding around the house.
Past perfect simple emphasizes the completion of the action (the scaffolding is up).
The builders had been putting up the scaffolding when the roof fell in.
Past perfect continuous emphasizes a continuing or ongoing action.
We use the past perfect simple to refer to the completion of an activity and the past perfect
continuous to focus on the activity and duration of the activity.
I’d waited an hour for the bus.

Past perfect simple emphasizes the completion of the activity (the waiting is over).
I’d been waiting an hour for the bus.

Past perfect continuous focuses on the duration of the activity.
The past perfect simple suggests something more permanent than the past perfect
continuous, which can imply that something is temporary.
She’d always lived with her parents. We don’t know how long.
She’d been living with her parents. Suggests a temporary situation
We don’t use the continuous form with some verbs of mental process (know, like,
understand, believe) and verbs of the senses (hear, smell, taste):
We’d known for a long time that the company was going to close.
Not: We’d been knowing …
We’d tasted the milk and had decided it was bad, so we threw it away.
Not: We’d been tasting the milk …
We don’t use the continuous form with actions that are completed at a single point in time
(start, stop):
Had they started the game on time? Not: Had they been starting the game on time?
A. Complete the sentences with the Past Perfect Simple or Continuous:
1. Peter was Sally's best friend. She ……………………………. (know) him all her
life.
2. The children were wet because they ……………………………. (play) football
in the rain.
3. We were very hungry because we ……………………………. (not / eat).
4. Everything was white because it ……………………………. (snow).
83
5. I was delighted when I found my keys. I ……………………………. (look) for
them for hours.
6. She was exhausted because she ……………………………. (work) since eight
o'clock that morning.
7. The passengers were cross because the airline ……………………………. (lose)
everyone's bags.
8. I ……………………………. (not / see) Jacob for several years, but I recognized
him immediately.
9. Mike ……………………………. (visit) his friends before he went abroad for two
months.
10. Paul ……………………………. (repair) his car for two days before he called the
mechanic.
11. Pamela ……………………………. (dance) for two hours before her boyfriend
arrived.
12. Melany ……………………………. (clean) her house by the time the guests
arrived.
13. My brother ……………………………. (apologize) before I felt angry with him.
14. The athletes ……………………………. (run) around the stadium for some time
before they were stopped by their coach.
15. The pirates ……………………………. (escape) before the rescue team arrived.
16. The sales manager ……………………………. (describe) the advantages of his
product for about half an hour before I agreed to buy some samples.
17. I ……………………………. (wake up) before my alarm clock rang.
18. The kids ……………………………. (make) a lot of mess before their mother
came back home from work.
19. The teacher ……………………………. (correct) our dictations for several
minutes by the time the bell rang.
20. Susan ……………………………. (work over) her thesis for two months before
her supervisor told her that she was on the wrong path.
21. You ……………………………. (leave) the party by the time everything
happened.
22. Jack ……………………………. (play) online games for an hour before I came.
23. The new students ……………………………. (wait) in the classroom for 15
minutes before they realized that it was the wrong classroom.
84
E. LISTENING
Watch the following video, what is it about?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B_VWnXMalQI
Circle the correct answer:
1. Whose the story? Rory J. Rosy J. Roxy J.

2. Where were they camping? Canada Missouri USA
3. Who was chased by the bear? Rory J. Sean None
4. Who got stuck to the bear? Sean Rory Both
5. How many people was with Rory? Six Seven Five
F. WRITING
Write a mystery story you had experienced (150 words maximum). Remember to use Past
Perfect simple and Past Perfect Continuous.
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
G. SPEAKING
Tell your story to the whole class. The whole class can make up to three questions to
know more details about your story, so get ready to answer them at that moment
85
OCABU
UNIT Lesson
3 3E
Autonomous work
A. VOCABULARY
1. Guess the synonyms for each word in the list and place them in the crossword:
Across Using the crossword list, write the synonyms of the following words:
1. difficult 1. Picky ………………
3. rare 2. Jolly ……………….
6. screamed 3. Tummy ……………
7. happy 4. Bruised ……………
8. injured 5. Swelling …………..
9. take 6. Rub ………………..
Down 7. Grab ……………….
2. cautious 8. Shouted ……………
4. belly 9. Careful …………….
5. puffiness 10. Strange …………….
10. scrub
86
B. READING
A. Read the following text. What is the main idea?
1. Leopard seals lifestyle

2. Paul Nicklen and his love for the Arctic and Antarctica
3. The importance of protecting the Artic
Paul Nicklen’s Polar Obsession
For most people, the Arctic and Antarctica are strange places that we know very little
about. Paul Nicklen’s collection of photographs and stories, Polar Obsession, offers an
excellent introduction.
Nicklen grew up on an island in Northern Canada, where he learned all about the outdoors
from his Inuit1 neighbors. Ever since that time, he has loved animals, cold weather, and
adventure.
As a photojournalist, Nicklen has spent a lot of time in icy polar waters. He has followed
sea lions, dived with whales, and studied polar bears. One of the most exciting parts of
the book covers Nicklen’s unforgettable encounter with a leopard seal in Antarctica.
As the photographs clearly show, leopard seals are very large—up to 12 feet (4 meters)
long and weighing over 1000 pounds (450 kilograms). They have huge, sharp teeth, and
they move quickly through the water searching for food such as fish and penguins.
Leopard seals can be dangerous, but this didn’t stop Nicklen from trying to photograph
one. When a huge seal approached his boat, Nicklen got into the water. He was shaking
with fear, but much to his surprise the seal treated him gently. She even tried to feed him!
The seal brought him penguins to eat, and he photographed her. Nicklen says it was the
most incredible experience that he has ever had as a photographer.
In Polar Obsession, Nicklen shows us the beauty of the polar world and his passion for it.
He also helps us to understand the importance of protecting it.
1 Inuit: indigenous people living in Arctic regions of Alaska, Canada, and Greenland
B. Write the phrase that completes each sentence:
a. leopard seals can be dangerous b. a leopard seal
c. its food d. the outdoors
e. icy polar waters
1. Nicklen’s neighbors taught him all about ………………………………..…..

2. Nicklen has spent a lot of time working in …………………………………...
3. Nicklen’s most incredible experience was with ……………………………...
4. He was frightened because …………………………………………………....
5. The leopard seal offered Nicklen ……………………………………………..
87
C. GRAMMAR: PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE AND CONTINUOUS /
PAST PERFECT SIMPLE AND CONTINUOUS
A. Complete the sentences with the Present Perfect Simple and Present Perfect
continuous:
1. ……………………………. (they/arrive) already?

2. Lucy ……………………………. (run) 2000 meters today.
3. I ……………………………. (clean) all morning - I'm fed up!
4. How long ……………………………. (you/know) Simon?
5. I ……………………………. (drink) more water recently, and I feel better.
6. Sorry about the mess! I ……………………………. (bake).
7. How many times ……………………………. (you/take) this exam?
8. He ……………………………. (eat) six bars of chocolate today.
9. Julie ……………………………. (cook) dinner. Let's go and eat!
10. The students ……………………………. (finish) their exams. They're very
happy.
11. The baby's face is really dirty. What ……………………………. (he/eat)?
12. Iona is exhausted these days. She ……………………………. (work) too hard
recently.
13. Luke ……………………………. (never/be) abroad.
14. I ……………………………. (wait) three hours already!
15. ……………………………. (you/finish) your homework yet?
16. How long ……………………………. (you/be) a lawyer?
17. I ……………………………. (read) your book all day. It's very interesting, but
I'm only on chapter 2.
18. She ……………………………. (drink) ten glasses of water!
19. I ……………………………. (have) my dog for sixteen years.
20. Help, I ……………………………. (lose) my wallet. How can I get home?
88
B. Complete the sentences with the Past Perfect Simple and Past Perfect
continuous:
1. He………………..(marry) her two years before we met.

2. James told me you………………..(buy) the old vicarage two years before your
son’s birth.
3. I wish we………………..(buy) had bought it before.
4. When I arrived at the station, the train………………..(leave).
5. He………………..(play) tennis for 4 hours when he broke his leg.
6. The dog came into the house once she………………..(finish) the housework.
7. He………………..(drive) his car for 10 minutes when he realized it had a flat
tire.
8. She………………..(throw) the letter away when she noticed it was not
important.
9. He………………..(swim) for 15 minutes when he understood he had lost his
swimsuit
10. It………………..(rain) for one hour when the wind started to blow.
11. He rushed to the baker’s when he saw his wife………………..(forget) buy
some bread.
12. Sarah was exhausted. She………………..(wash) the dishes for more than three
hours.
13. When he saw her, he knew he………………..(meet) her before.
14. When he phoned her, she………………..(go) out.
15. When Ron arrived, the party………………..(already/begin).
16. The children………………..(already/go) to bed when their mother came from
work.
17. If I………………..(not/be) absent yesterday, I would have met him
18. I was very tired when I arrived home. I………………..(work) hard all day.
19. When I arrived at the party, Tom wasn’t there. He………………..(go) home
20. When we got home last night, we found that somebody………………..(break)
into the flat.
89
D. LISTENING
A. Watch the video and choose the correct answer:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R-VRAemIvbI&t=3s
1. For the Celts, 31st October was... 4. When the Irish arrived in America,
a. he last day of the year. they...
b. a day to be with their families. a. introduced Halloween there for
c. the day they celebrated their the first time.
music festival. b. changed the way Halloween was
celebrated.
2. That day, the villagers lit big c. invented some new traditions,
bonfires... such as bobbing the apple or
a. to communicate with the spirits playing tricks.
from the spirit world.
b. to attract ghosts. 5. The children wore masks...
c. to send the ghosts back to their a. to scare people.
world. b. to pretend they were ghosts.
c. to hide their identity.
3. All Saints Day...
a. appeared after the Catholic 6. The neighbors gave candy to the
Church had eliminated Samhain youngsters...
(the Celtic celebration). a. so that they didn't vandalize their
b. was used to transform Samhain houses.
into a catholic celebration. b. in exchange for help with the
c. was used to eliminate the belief cleaning.
in reincarnation. c. because they were poor
90
UNIT 4
IMAGINARY
SITUATIONS
LEARNING OUTCOMES
1. Express unreal situations from the present and future.

2. Express regrets and unreal situations from the past.
3. Difference between second and third conditional.
91
OCABU
UNIT Lesson
4 4A
1. Tell when someone made a positive or negative assumption about you

2. How did the assumption make you feel?
3. How did you respond?
B. VOCABULARY
A. Write the synonyms and antonyms for each word.
Term Synonymous Antonym

1. Polite
2. Kindness
3. Overlook
4. Selfish
5. Stumble
6. Slip
7. Flaws
8. Humility
9. Successful
10. Forgive
B. Write sentences using the following terms:
1. Polite / ………………………………………………….
2. Kindness / ………………………………………………
3. Overlook / ………………………………………………
4. Selfish / …………………………………………………
5. Stumble / ………………………………………………..
6. Slip / …………………………………………………….
7. Flaws / …………………………………………………..
8. Humility / ……………………………………………….
9. Successful / ……………………………………………..
10. Forgive / …………………………………………………
92
C. READING
A. Read the following text. What is it about?
5 Assumptions We Need to Stop Making About Other People
1. We need to stop assuming that the happiest people are simply the ones who smile
the most. – Behind the polite smiles and greetings people give you, some are
hurting and lonely. Don’t just come and go. See them. Care. Share. Listen. Love.
We can’t always see people’s pain, but they can always feel our kindness. So be
kinder than necessary.
2. We need to stop assuming that the people we love and respect won’t disappoint
us. – When we expect perfection, we tend to overlook goodness. And the truth is,
no one is perfect. At times, the confident person loses confidence, the patient
people misplace their patience, the generous person acts selfishly, and the
informed second-guess what they know. It happens to all of us too. We make
mistakes, we lose our tempers, and we get caught off guard. We stumble, we slip,
and we fall sometimes. But that’s the worst of it… we have our moments. Most
of the time we’re pretty darn good, despite our flaws. So, treat the people you love
accordingly—give them the space to be human.
3. We need to stop assuming that the people who are doing things differently are
doing things wrong. – We all take different roads seeking fulfillment, joy, and
success. Just because someone isn’t on your road, doesn’t mean they are lost.
4. We need to stop assuming that the people we disagree with don’t deserve our
compassion and kindness. – The exact opposite is true. The way we treat people
we strongly disagree with is a report card on what we’ve learned about love,
compassion, kindness and humility.
5. We need to stop assuming that other people are our reason for being unhappy,
unsuccessful, etc. – We may not be able to control all the things people say and
do to us, but we can decide not to be reduced by them. We can choose to forgive,
or we can choose to forget. We can choose to stay, or we can choose to go. We
can choose whatever helps us grow. There’s always a positive choice to make.
Thus, the only real, lasting conflict you will ever have in your life won’t be with
others, but with yourself… and how you choose to respond… and the daily rituals
you choose to follow.
B. Choose True or False:
1. Smiley people are the happiest. T/F

2. We must be tough on our loved ones when they fail us. T/F
3. If people take different ways from yours, it is OK. T/F
4. Different points of view must not be a reason for hate. T/F
5. People are responsible for our unhappiness. T/F
6. We can't control people's actions but how we react to them. T / F
93
D. GRAMMAR: MODAL VERBS + HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE
We use them for: Talking about a possibility, expressing a regret, making a

recommendation or criticism, elaborating on deductions and expressing disbelief, all of
them about the past.
Must have
We use must have + past participle when we feel sure about what happened.
The thief must have had a key. The door was locked and nothing was broken.
Might have / May have

We can use might have or may have + past participle when we think it's possible that
something happened.
I think I might have left the air conditioning on. Please can you check?
Police think the suspect may have left the country using a fake passport.
“May have” is more formal than “might have”. “Could have” is also possible in this
context but less common.
Would have / Could have

We’ve all been in situations where we wanted to do something, but for some reason, we
didn’t or we couldn’t. “Would have” is a perfect fit for those situations:
I would have called you earlier, but my phone died. (= I had the intention to call you but
my battery went flat.)
“Could have” to talk about something that was possible in the past, but didn’t happen.
The speaker had the chance to do something but voluntarily decided not to:
I could have ignored his calls, but I decided to give him a second chance.
Can´t have / Couldn’t have

We use can't have and couldn't have + past participle when we think it's not possible that
something happened.
She can't have driven there. Her car keys are still here.
I thought I saw Adnan this morning but it couldn't have been him – he's in Greece this
week.
Should have
When giving advice or suggesting what seemed to be the best solution in a given
situation in the past (but probably did not happen), we use “should have” or “ought to
have”:
You should have gone there straight away.
You ought to have spent more time with your family.
94
1. I'm sorry but Mr. Banks isn't here. He _______ left.
a. can't have
b. might have
c. must have
d. should have
2. We really enjoyed the movie. You _______ come with us.
a. might have
b. can't have
c. must have
d. should have
3. They bought a new house. They are both unemployed.
a. can't have
b. might not have
c. mustn't have
d. could have
4. He studied nothing and passed the exam, so he ________ cheated.
a. can have
b. must have
c. ought to have
d. might have
5. My car isn't there anymore! It _______ stolen while I was shopping.
a. couldn't have been
b. should have been
c. mustn't have been
d. might have been
B. Complete the sentences using the verbs in brackets with a past modal verb
form.
Old Mr. McGraw had been murdered and everybody was wondering who 1.
…………….……. (do) it. Two police officers were speculating about the murder.
Sebastian: It 2. ……………….…….. (be) Mrs. McGraw. I’m totally convinced it
was her. She absolutely hated him. She 3. ……………….…….. (use) a kitchen knife
as the murder weapon, or maybe an axe from the garden tools
Jessica: It 4. ……………….…….. (be) Mrs. McGraw. She isn’t strong enough to
drag the body and put it in the car boot. It 5. ……………….…….. (be) their older
son; I would bet all my money it was him. He had motive, because Mr. McGraw had
disinherited him long ago, and everybody knew they hated each other.
Sebastian: Impossible. It 6. ……………….…….. (be) their older son because he has
a plausible alibi. He was fishing with his brother at the time of the crime, he testified.
Jessica: Then the younger son 7. ……………….…….. (lie) to protect his brother.
They 8. ……………….…….. (agree) on an alibi after the murder. If you think about
it, they 9. ……………….…….. (plan) the murder together. It’s a reasonable
possibility. Maybe the younger son was afraid that his father would disinherit him
too; they had a difficult relationship.
Sebastian: That makes sense. They killed him so that at least one of them could get
the inheritance.
Jessica: Well, if they wanted to get the money from the inheritance, they 10.
……………….…….. (kill) their father. Because now we’ll catch them and they will
be in prison and without a penny.
95
E. LISTENING
Choose the correct answer:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w40h3jL5_Jg
1. Making assumption is looking for trouble / blessings / solutions

2. We need to understand everything in order to feel angry / safe / happy
3. She assumes her boyfriend wants to get divorced / married / a job
4. She assumes her boyfriend knows her strengths / thoughts / weaknesses
5. The only way to avoid assumptions is guessing / inferring / asking questions
F. WRITING
Write some assumptions people have made about you and clarify which ones are true and
false. Use modal verbs + have + past participle.
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
G. SPEAKING
Share with the whole class the assumptions people have made about you and tell us which
ones are true or false.
96
OCABU
UNIT Lesson
4 4B
A. WARM-UP ACTIVITY
Match the sentences, writing the correct letter:
1. If I had known you were in hospital, …….

2. If we had had a GPS in our car, ………….
3. If you had attended every lesson, ………..
a. you’d have passed that exam easily.

b. I would have visited you.
c. we wouldn’t have got lost.
B. VOCABULARY
Write one sentence with the following word:

1. Loads / …………………………………………..
C. READING
A. Read the following text. What is it about?
John’s decision
I am John. I am the owner of a very famous language teaching school in London.
I think my biggest decision was to move back to the UK from Russia. I worked
there for ten years as an English teacher and saved a lot of money. The Russian
school offered me work for two more years, but I decided to return to England. I
think it was a really good decision. I enjoyed working in Russia very much and
had a really great time. I made loads of friends and loved the culture. But I also
missed home, and I think ten years was a long time to be away.
If I hadn’t moved back to the UK, I would have stayed in Russia for a few more
years, but then I wouldn’t have started my own business. I wouldn’t have begun
a new successful career. I also wouldn’t have met my lovely wife; we wouldn’t
have got married and we wouldn’t have had our beautiful baby!
B. Answer the following questions:

1. What decision did John make? ……………………………………………………
2. Why was it a good decision? ……………………………………………………..
3. What would have happened if he hadn’t made that decision? ……………………..
97
D. GRAMMAR: THIRD CONDITIONAL
Use:
The type 3 conditional refers to an impossible condition in the past and its probable result
in the past. These sentences are truly hypothetical and unreal, because it is now too late
for the condition or its result to exist. There is always some implication of regret with type
3 conditional sentences. The reality is the opposite of, or contrary to, what the sentence
expresses. In type 3 conditional sentences, the time is the past and the situation is
hypothetical.
Structure:
If clause (condition) / Main clause (result)
If + past perfect / would + have + verb past participle
Examples:
If it had rained, you would have gotten wet.
You would have gotten wet if it had rained.
You would have passed your exam if you had worked harder.
If you had worked harder, you would have passed your exam.
I would have believed you if you hadn't lied to me before.
If you hadn't lied to me before, I would have believed you.
1. You ______ me if you had gone to the party.

a. would have seen
b. could see
c. might have
2. What would you have done if I ______?

a. didn't come
b. wouldn't come
c. hadn't come
3. They ______ him if I ______ them the money.

a. would have killed / didn't give
b. would have killed / hadn't given
c. had killed him / wouldn't give
4. If I had stayed in university, I ______ much better jobs.

a. will get
b. had got
c. could have got
5. If I ______ so hard all my life, I might have spent more time with my kids.
a. hadn't worked
b. wouldn't have worked
c. didn't work
98
B. Complete the sentences using the Third Conditional.
1. If you ………………… (not/be) late, we ……………….………. (not/miss) the bus.
2. If she …………………. (study) she ……………………………….. (pass) the exam.
3. If we ………………….. (arrive) earlier, we …………………………….. (see) John.
4. If they ………………… (go) to bed early, they ………………… (not/wake) up late.
5. If he …………………. (become) a musician, he ……………………. (record) a CD.
6. If she ………………. (go) to art school, she ……………………..(become) a painter.
7. If I …………….. (be) born in a different country, I ……………………….. (learn) to
speak a different language.
8. If she ……………… (go) to university, she …………………………. (study) French.
9. If we …………..… (not/go) to the party, we ……………………….. (not/meet) them.
10. If he ……………….. (not/take) the job, he …………………………. (go) travelling.
11. He …………..………………… (be) happier if he ………..………… (stay) at home.
12. She ………………………… (pass) the exam if she ………………… (study) harder.
13. We …………………………….. (not/get) married if we …………………. (not/go)
to the same university.
14. They ……………………..…….. (be) late if they …………..…….. (not/take) a taxi.
15. She ………………………. (not/meet) him if she ……………. (not/come) to London.
16. He …………………………. (take) a taxi if he ………………. (have) enough money.
17. I ………………………….. (call) you if I …………………… (not/forget) my phone.
18. We …………………….………………. (come) if we ………………… (be) invited.
19. She …………………………….. (not/do) it if she ………….… (know) you were ill.
20. He ……………………………. (be) on time if he …………………… (leave) earlier.
99
E. LISTENING
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HyTGULUUemg
1. Anne thinks it's not a good idea to have too many regrets because ...
a. you can learn from them.
b. you can't change the past.
c. it's silly.
2. Jack decided to explore the mountain because …

a. he was bored with sunbathing and swimming.
b. he is a mountaineer.
c. his friend wanted to.
3. Jack set off ...

a. in the afternoon.
b. in the morning.
c. in the evening.
4. Nobody looked for Jack because ...

a. it was dark.
b. nobody liked him.
c. he hadn't told anybody where he was going.
B. Write the correct phrases into the gaps, to complete the sentences using the 3rd
conditional.
1. If Jack hadn't been bored, he …………………………. gone exploring.

2. He wouldn't have gone to sleep, if he ……………………… been tired.
3. If he hadn't gone to sleep, he ………………………... stuck in the dark.
4. He might not have slipped, if it ……………………………. been dark.
100
F. WRITING
Write a personal past story you regret about. Use the Third Conditional.
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
G. SPEAKING
Share your story with the whole class. Get ready to answer your classmates’ questions
about it.
101
OCABU
UNIT Lesson
4 4C
A. WARM-UP QUESTION
1. What would you have done if you hadn´t passed the fourth English module?
B. VOCABULARY
Write one sentence with the following words:
1. Hurry / ………………………………………………
2. Mood / ………………………………………………
3. Argument / …………………………………………..
4. Jokes / ……………………………………………….
5. Spare set / ……………………………………………
C. READING
A. Read the text. What is it about?

Marge's Day of Hell!!!
Marge is a woman of 55 who lives on her own in a small house in Scotland. She did not
have a very nice day yesterday!
As she was leaving the house, she forgot her bus ticket. Only when she got to the bus
stop, she realized this, so she had to hurry back to the house. She opened the door, put the
keys on the telephone table, went into the kitchen to get her bus ticket and left again
without her keys. She caught the 8.42 a.m. bus instead of her usual 8.30 a.m. bus and
arrived at work about ten minutes late. Mr. Jones, her boss, was in a bad mood yesterday
and shouted at her when she arrived late. As a result, they had an argument in front of all
the other people in the office. Mr. Jones told her she would have to stay behind for fifteen
minutes at lunch to finish some important work.
At lunch, Marge only had time for a quick sandwich and didn't go to the office cafeteria
with the others as normal. Everyone returned from lunch very happy because they had
met a new employee who had told some very funny jokes. Marge was not happy. She was
hungry and tired. She was so hungry as she left the office at 5 o'clock that she bought a
hot dog from the man on the street corner. Within an hour, she didn't feel very well and
had a pain in her stomach. It was not her day!
She arrived home and realized she didn't have her keys, so had to walk two miles to her
sister's house to get a spare set of keys. She went into her house, closed the door and went
straight to bed.
102
B. Complete the statements:
1. if \ not \ forget \ bus ticket \ not \ have to \ return home

………………………………….…….., she wouldn't have had to return home.
2. if \ not \ put \ keys on table \ not \ forget them
If she hadn't put her keys on the table, …………………………………………
3. she \ not late \ if \ catch \ an earlier bus
………………………………………………… if she had caught an earlier bus.
4. her boss \ not \ shout at her \ if \ not \ be \ bad mood
Her boss wouldn't have shouted at her ………………………………………….
5. if \ Marge \ not late \ they \ not argue \ in office
If Marge hadn't been late, ……………………………………………………….
6. Marge \ meet \ new worker \ if \ go \ to canteen
……………………………………………….…. if she had gone to the canteen.
7. if \ not buy \ hot dog \ not \ feel unwell
If she hadn't bought the hot dog, ………………………………………………..
D. GRAMMAR: THIRD CONDITIONAL
Use:
The type 3 conditional refers to an impossible condition in the past and its probable result
in the past. These sentences are truly hypothetical and unreal, because it is now too late
for the condition or its result to exist. There is always some implication of regret with type
3 conditional sentences. The reality is the opposite of, or contrary to, what the sentence
expresses. In type 3 conditional sentences, the time is the past and the situation is
hypothetical.
Structure:
If clause (condition) / Main clause (result)
If + hadn´t + verb past participle / would + not + have + verb past participle (negative
structures)
Examples:
If it hadn´t rained, you would not have gotten wet.
You would not have gotten wet if it hadn´t rained.
You would not have passed your exam if you hadn´t worked harder.
If you hadn´t worked harder, you would not have passed your exam.
103
A. Rewrite the sentences beginning with the words given:
1. We didn’t buy the carpet because it was very expensive.

If ………………………………………………………………………………….
2. They made her angry, and that’s why she left.
If ………………………………………………………………………………….
3. They lost your phone number; that’s why they didn’t call you.
If ………………………………………………………………………………….
4. Tom didn’t revise his lessons, so he didn’t pass his exam.
If ………………………………………………………………………………….
B. Complete the sentences using the Third Conditional.
1. If you (study) ……………… for the test, you (pass) ………………………….. it.
2. If you (ask) ……………… me, I ……………………………………... (help) you.
3. If we (go) ………………… to the cinema, we (see) ……………………………
my friend Jacob.
4. If you (speak) …………… English, she (understand) ………..………………….
5. If they (listen) ……………….. to me, we (be) ……………………...home earlier.
6. I (write) …………………………. you a postcard if I (have) ……………. your
address.
7. If I (not / break) ………….…… my leg, I (take part) …………………………..
in the contest.
8. If it (not/ start) ……………….. to rain, we (walk) ………………………… to the
museum.
9. We (swim) ………………………….. in the sea if there (not / be) ………………..
so many sharks there.
10. If she (take) ……………….. the bus, she (not / arrive) …………………………
on time.
11. If the weather (be) …………… nice, they (play) ……………………… football.
12. If we (go) …………………..… to a good restaurant, we (have) …………….. a
better dinner.
13. If John (conduct) ………………. more research, he (write) ………………….…
a good report.
104
E. LISTENING
Watch the video and do the following exercises:
https://learnenglishteens.britishcouncil.org/grammar/b1-b2-grammar/third-conditional
A. Match the two sentence halves and write a–g next to the numbers 1–7.
1. …….. I wouldn't have overslept a. if you'd asked.

2. …….. If she had gone to bed earlier, b. you wouldn't have been so stressed
at the last minute.
3. …….. I could have lent you the money c. she wouldn't have been so tired.
4. …….. They wouldn’t have found out d. if you had studied medicine.
5. …….. You could have been a doctor e. if my alarm clock had gone off.
6. …….. If you'd been more organized, f. they wouldn't have had so many
problems.
7. …….. If they’d taken my advice, g. if you hadn't told them.
B. Write the words in the correct order to make sentences.
1. have told me. would if remembered I you’d

……………………………………………………………………………………
2. would had have revised more, passed the exam. she If she
……………………………………………………………………………………
3. the train If we have hadn’t missed we would arrived on time.
…………………………………………………………………………………….
4. If been there have met him. you’d could you
……………………………………………………………………………………
5. I If could have I’d known helped.
……………………………………………………………………………………
105
F. WRITING
Use the following situations to use conditional type 3 in complete sentences.

Example:
Situation: Mary became a famous singer since she won a very famous talent show.
Third conditional sentence: If Mary hadn´t won a very famous talent show, she wouldn’t
have become a famous singer.
1. Garcia has become a famous tennis player thanks to a talent scout who spotted
him when he was 12 years old. The talent scout helped him immigrate to the USA
where he developed his skills and won many tournaments. Now he is a very rich
and happy tennis man.
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………….
2. Sara had an amazing life. She spent her life traveling and meeting hundreds of
interesting people: politicians, TV stars, and famous actors. Now she is 85 years
old and is in hospital. Doctors say she is very ill and has only a few weeks to live.
There is one thing she regrets. She did not write her biography.
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………….
3. Karim used to be an excellent student. He had dreams and wanted to become a

doctor. But once he started to hang out with bad friends, he became a criminal and
went to prison.
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………….
4. Leila never does any sport. She spends her days and nights chatting with friends
on her phone or on her computer. Recently she has been diagnosed with high
blood pressure. Her health condition has deteriorated and has become so obese.
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………….
106
G. SPEAKING
Share your personal thoughts using the Third Conditional with the whole class:
1. If I had gone on holiday last week, I would have....................................................
2. If I had gone to bed late last night, I would have.......................................................
3. If I had found a lot of money on my way to class today, I would have......................
4. If I hadn’t decided to learn English, I would have.....................................................
5. If I had followed my parent's advice, I would have...................................................
6. If I had met my great-great-grandparents, I would have...........................................
7. If I had met an alien on my way to class today. I would have....................................
8. If I had been born a member of the opposite sex, I would have.................................
9. If I hadn’t come here today, I would have...............................................................
10. If I had never met my best friend, I would have.......................................................
11. If I had been born into a famous family, I would have..............................................
12. If I had saved more money, I would have.................................................................
107
OCABU
UNIT Lesson
4 4D
1. What would you do if you won the lottery?

2. What would you do if you were the president of Ecuador?
3. What would you have done if you hadn´t entered the university?
B. VOCABULARY
A. Match the words with their definitions:
Term Answer Definition

(letter)
1. Highway a. Extremely large in size or amount:
2. Charity b. A main road, especially one connecting major

towns or cities.
3. Loan c. An organization set up to provide help and raise
money for those in need.
4. Huge d. It is special, unusual, or elaborate, for
example because it has a lot of decoration.
5. Fancy e. A thing that is borrowed, especially a sum
of money that is expected to be paid back
with interest.
B. Write sentences with the previous terms.
1. Highway / …………………………………………………….
2. Charity / ………………………………………………………
3. Loan / …………………………………………………………
4. Huge / …………………………………………………………
5. Fancy / …………………………………………………………
108
C. READING
A. Read the following text. Choose the correct answer:
If I Won the Lottery
I can imagine what my life would be like if I won the lottery. Wow! I could do so many
things, and my life would be so different. I would love the chance to change my life with
the money. The first thing I would do is buy a big, new house. I live in a small apartment,
and I have always dreamed of living in a big house in the country. With all that money, I
could buy anything I wanted. I don’t have a car right now, so I would buy a new car. Or,
I might even buy a new motorcycle. I like motorcycles, and I can imagine myself driving
down the highway with the wind in my hair.
Of course, if I won the lottery, I should give some of the money to charity. I would
probably give my money to a charity that helps sick children. Also, if any of my friends
needed anything, I could help them pay for it. I know many people that have student
loans, and I could help them pay the loans back. That would make them very happy. Plus,
if I won a lot of money, I would certainly save some of it in the bank.
Also, I think that if I won a huge amount of money, I would open a business. I love to
cook, and I have always wanted to open a restaurant. With all that money I could open a
fancy restaurant.
However, I know one thing I would not do is travel. I have a friend who won $100, 000
in the lottery three years ago. She took the money and travelled for three months. I think
she is crazy. Travelling is nice, but then she had nothing left after her vacation.
I think, however, that the only problem with dreaming about the money I could win is
that I have never even played the lottery before. As they say: “You can’t win if you don’t
play.”
1. What would the person NOT

buy if she won the lottery?
a. House
b. Motorcycle
c. Car 4. Why would she not travel?
d. Apartment a. Her friend did not have fun
travelling.
2. What would the person NOT b. She would be left with no
do if she won the lottery? money when she finished.
a. Give money to charity c. It is too expensive.
b. Save money d. She has travelled a lot before.
c. Give money to friends
d. Pay off student loans 5. Do you think she will win the
lottery?
3. Why would she open a a. Yes! She is lucky.
restaurant? b. No. It is too difficult with only a
a. She is a great cook. few tickets.
b. She likes to cook. c. No. She did not buy a ticket.
c. They are a good investment. d. Maybe. It depends on her luck.
d. She likes fancy restaurants.
109
D. GRAMMAR: SECOND AND THIRD CONDITIONALS
Second conditional Third conditional
Unreal situations from the present and Unreal situations from the past.
future. 0%- impossible to happen because it is
1%~40% – can happen, but probably won’t situated in the past. We can´t change the
past.
Example: Example:
If I won the lottery, I would buy a huge If I had known your number, I would have
house. called you.
This person is dreaming about something This person didn't know the other´s
that would like to happen in the present or number so didn't call him/her.
future, but there is little probability of it.
1. If she _______ more experienced, she would be more likely to get the job.
a. were
b. had been
c. would be
d. would have been
2. If the food _______ so bad, we wouldn't have complained.

a. wasn't
b. hadn't been
c. wouldn't be
d. wouldn't have been
3. If I _______ her, she might feel a bit better.

a. was calling
b. called
c. would call
d. would have called
4. If it wasn’t raining, we _______ a picnic today.

a. had
b. 'd had
c. 'd have
d. 'd been had
5. If he hadn’t run out of money, he _______ his trip.

a. didn't cancel
b. hadn't cancelled
c. wouldn't be cancelled
d. wouldn't have cancelled
110
B. Complete the text with the second and third conditional forms:
If the world's big problems had been addressed sooner, our lives 1. ……….…………
(improve) a long time ago. But politicians and world leaders don’t do enough to
improve the quality of life. If I had any power, I 2. …………………….…………
(try) to stop the destruction of our planet and I 3. ………………………. (make) the
world a better place for all people.
First of all, I would try to stop wars because unless we put an end to all the wars,
millions of people will continue to die every day. If there were no wars, all children
4. ………………………… (have) their parents at home to take care of them and
provide for them, and they 5. ………………………... (grow up) in a happier world.
Also, if I 6. ……………………………….. (be) a world leader, I would provide clean
water for all countries. If all countries 7. ………………………… (have) easy access
to clean water, millions of children 8. …………………………….. (stop) dying from
diseases caused by the lack of clean water. If we don't do something about this issue
soon, there will be lots of wars and deaths because of the lack of water.
We also need to introduce laws to reduce pollution. If we had done this in the past,
millions of species 9. ………………………………………..……… (never/become)
extinct, and global warming 10. ……………………………………….. (never/start).
If it were up to me, I 11. …………………………………… (introduce) very high
taxes on fuel energy and at the same time I 12. ………………………………. (help)
big companies to invest in clean energy. Unless we take measures now, it will be too
late both for ourselves and our children.
111
E. LISTENING
Listen and choose the correct answer:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gy69OZP04ws
1. Who would give money to charity? Emma / Duncan / Louise / Nobody

2. Who would stop working? Emma / Duncan / Louise / Nobody
3. Who would buy a big country house? Emma / Duncan / Louise / Nobody
4. Who would study something creative? Emma / Duncan / Louise / Nobody
5. Who would go travelling? Emma / Duncan / Louise / Nobody
6. Who would give the money to family members? Emma/Duncan/Louise/Nobody
7. Who would buy a horse? Emma / Duncan / Louise / Nobody
8. Who would save some of the money for later? Emma /Duncan /Louise / Nobody
F. WRITING
What would you do if you were the President of Ecuador?
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
G. SPEAKING
Share with the whole class your thoughts about the writing topic.
112
OCABU
UNIT Lesson
4 4E
Autonomous work
A. VOCABULARY
A. Guess the words in the crossword matching the clues with the answers in the box.
Check the vocabulary you have studied in the whole unit:
Across clues Across answers Down clues Down answers

3 respectful 1 defect
4 slip 2 perceive
5 egotistic 4 fall
7 credit 6 pack
9 jests 8 attitudes
Overlook Selfish Flaws Loan Polite Stumble
Slip Loads Mood Jokes
113
B. READING
A. Read the following text. What is the main idea of it?
The sinking of the RMS Titanic was one of the worst maritime disasters in history. On
April 14, 1912, at 11:40 p.m., the ‘unsinkable’ luxury ship hit an iceberg and sank in just
under three hours with the loss of around 1500 lives. There are many different
descriptions of the disaster by the surviving passengers and crew, but few people doubt
that human error played a part in the tragedy. Let’s look at some of the things that went
wrong. On the night of Sunday, 14 April 1912 the temperature was near freezing and the
ocean was completely calm. Surviving 2nd Officer Charles Lightoller later wrote, "the
sea was like glass". The ship’s course had been changed by the captain, but other than
this, he saw no reason to slow down. The owner of the ship, Bruce Ismay, was also on
board and had instructed the captain to speed up in order to break the record for a
transatlantic voyage. The captain agreed, but perhaps if he had known of the messages
the ship had received in the radio room, he would have acted differently. According to a
ship ahead called the Mesaba, lots of large icebergs were in the area. These messages did
not reach him. There were three teams of lookouts on board keeping constant watch for
obstacles in the ship’s path, but as Charles Lightoller said at the British inquiry,
"Everything was against us, there was no moon, no wind, no binoculars and with the dark
side of the iceberg facing the ship, the lookouts were powerless.”
When the alarm was finally raised the crew acted very quickly but it was already too late
to save the ship. Within twenty minutes of the collision the ship had flooded, so the
captain ordered the lifeboats to be prepared, filled with women and children, and lowered
into the water. This didn’t go well, regulations about the number of lifeboats a ship should
carry were already out of date when the Titanic set sail, and even if the evacuation had
been better organized, there wouldn’t have been enough boats to hold everybody.
Meanwhile, the crew were sending out distress signals. The first message was "sinking,
need immediate assistance," and then "SOS". Several ships responded, including the
Mount Temple, Frankfurt, and the Titanic's sister ship, Olympic, but they were too far
away. The closest ship to respond was the Carpathia, which arrived in about four hours,
too late to save everybody.
Various distress flares launched from the sinking ship were also ineffective, including
those seen by a ship called the Californian, whose captain, Stanley Lord, had ordered his
crew to stop the ship for the night because of the icebergs. When Captain Lord was
informed of the flares he failed to respond because he did not think they were important.
Nor did the crew of the Californian wake their radio operator, who had gone to bed for
the night.
And what of Bruce Ismay, who many believe acted without regard for safety by requiring
an unprepared ship to sail at such speed in spite of the danger? History tells us that he
survived, but from the lifeboat turned his back on his beautiful ship as it sank.
That night, of a total of 2,208 people, only 712 were rescued by the Carpathia, while 1,496
perished. If the lifeboats had been filled to capacity, 1,178 people could have been saved.
If there had been enough lifeboats, maybe everybody could have been saved. If Captain
Stanley Lord had responded to the distress signals seen by his crew, more lives could
have been saved. And if the crew of the Titanic had taken better precautions of their own,
the disaster may not even have happened in the first place. Like the mystery of the
orchestra that played on to the end, this is something we may never know the truth about.
114
B. Answer the questions:
1. How was the Titanic described before it set sail?
……………………………………………………………………………………
2. What do most people believe about the cause of the disaster?
……………………………………………………………………………………
3. Why was the ship travelling so fast?
……………………………………………………………………………………
4. Why didn’t the captain know about icebergs in the area?
……………………………………………………………………………………
5. Why didn’t the lookouts see the iceberg in time?
……………………………………………………………………………………
6. What two problems prevented everybody being able to get into lifeboats?
……………………………………………………………………………………
7. What was Captain Lord’s response to the distress flares his crew saw?
……………………………………………………………………………………
8. What another mistake did the crew of the Californian make?
……………………………………………………………………………………
9. How far do you think Bruce Ismay was to blame?
……………………………………………………………………………………
115
C. GRAMMAR: MODAL VERBS: HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE / THIRD
CONDITIONAL / SECOND CONDITIONAL
A. Complete the sentences with could have / would have / should have + past
participle:
1. I ………………………………. (buy) bread but I didn't know we needed it. (Past

possibility)
2. We ………………………………. (invite) so many people to our party! I'm
worried that we won't have enough room for everyone. (Past negative advice /
regret)
3. I ………………………………. (start) saving money years ago! (Past advice /
regret)
4. We ………………………………. (join) you at the restaurant, but we couldn't get
a babysitter. (Past willingness)
5. The weather ………………………………. (be) any worse! (Past negative
possibility)
6. I ………………………………. (arrive) on time, even if I'd left earlier. There
were dreadful traffic jams all the way. (Past negative possibility)
7. They ………………………………. (win) the football match, but John hurt his
ankle. (Past possibility)
8. Amanda ………………………………. (finish) the work, but she felt ill and had
to go home. (Past willingness)
9. Lucy ………………………………. (leave) earlier. She missed her flight. (Past
advice / regret)
10. We ………………………………. (finish) the game, even if we'd wanted to. It
was raining very hard and we had to stop. (Past negative possibility)
11. I ………………………………. (eat) so much chocolate! I feel sick! (Past
negative advice / regret)
12. Luke ………………………………. (pass) the exam if he'd studied a bit more.
(Past possibility)
13. John ………………………………. (call) Amy, but he didn't have her number.
(Past willingness)
116
B. Choose the correct answer:
1. If he ………………………………... jobs, he would be a lot happier.

a. Changed
b. Would change
c. Would have changed
2. If I were you, I ………………………………... her that I love her.

a. Told
b. Had told
c. Had tell
3. Even if he ……………………………….. them, they wouldn't have agreed to

come.
a. Asked
b. Would ask
c. Had asked
4. If she hadn’t threatened him, he ………………………………..

a. Wouldn´t leave
b. Wouldn´t have left
c. Hadn´t left
5. I ……………………………….. him if I were you.

a. Wouldn´t trust
b. Hadn´t trusted
c. Didn´t trust
6. He ……………………………….. with her if he had known she would behave so
irresponsibly.
a. Wouldn´t have gone
b. Wouldn´t had gone
c. Hadn´t gone
7. I wouldn't have been able to do it unless she ……………………………….. me.
a. Hadn´t helped
b. Wouldn´t have helped
c. Had helped
8. If he ……………………………….. earlier, he wouldn't have been late for work.
a. Got up
b. Had got up
c. Would have got up
9. If we ……………………………….. to spend the day in London, we would have
bought a day pass.
a. Had wanted
b. Had been wanting
c. Would have wanted
10. If you ……………………………….. less on clothes, you would be able to save
some money.
a. Didn´t spend
b. Would spend
c. Spent
117
D. LISTENING
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h-SmDDIHr6c
1. What is Carl Rider´s profession?

a. Singer
b. books writer
c. songwriter
2. How has his career been in the past few years?
a. Boring
b. Successful
c. Unsuccessful
3. He thinks that to have success you must ……………..
a. Go to more concerts
b. Have more free time
c. Work hard
4. What does he do in the day?
a. Go to meetings
b. Watch TV
c. Write songs
5. What does he do in the evening?
a. Go to meetings
b. Watch TV
c. Write songs
6. If he could choose a place to do his job, how would it be?
a. Warm, sunny and quiet
b. Cold, sunny and quiet
c. Warm, sunny and noisy
7. If he weren´t dedicated to what he does now, what would he like to be?
a. Doctor
b. Teacher
c. Fashion designer
118
UNIT 5
PROFESSIONAL PATHS
LEARNING OUTCOMES
1. Difference and use some phrasal verbs.

2. Difference and use Be expressions.
3. Difference and use verbs make and do.
4. Agree and disagree on common topics.
119
OCABU
UNIT Lesson
5 5A
Common phrasal verbs
A. WARM-UP
A. Watch the video about phrasal verbs and then go to the vocabulary:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e7tZSwasnR0
B. VOCABULARY
A. Match the following phrasal verbs with their meanings:
Phrasal verb Letter Meaning

1. Turn up a. Exit briefly
2. Ask somebody in b. Take care
3. Take something off c. Have none left
4. Break down d. Suddenly cease to function.
5. Call out e. To arrive or appear unexpectedly
6. Look up f. To return quickly
7. Run out of g. To leave in a vehicle
8. Pop out h. To deal with a situation successfully.
9. Get on with i. Search for and find information
10. Drive away j. To invite someone to come into a
building or room.
11. Look after k. Summon someone to deal with an
emergency or provide a service.
12. Run back l. To remove something, especially
clothes
120
C. READING

Sarah had a problem
For a long time, Sarah wanted to go out with a very handsome man called James, and
then one day he turned up at her door. Just like that! She asked him in. James took his
coat off and sat down. Then he explained that while driving past her house his car broke
down. It was outside. Sarah said James could call out a mechanic and she looked up the
nearest garage in the phone book. She offered him a cup of tea. He accepted. But then
she realized there was no milk. “We’ve run out of milk” she said and popped out to buy
some more. While Sarah was away the mechanic turned up. He got on with mending the
car and James watched. When it was mended James got in his car and drove away. In the
shop Sarah suddenly remembered her little baby sister who she was looking after was at
home. She ran back to the house and saw that James had left. Her little sister was crying
inside, and she had no keys!
B. Answer the following questions:
1. Who have Sarah wanted to go out?

……………………………………………………………………………………
2. Who suddenly appeared at Sarah´s door?
……………………………………………………………………………………
3. Why did James turn up at Sarah´s door?
……………………………………………………………………………………
4. What did Sarah do to help James?
……………………………………………………………………………………
5. Who fixed the car?
……………………………………………………………………………………
6. Who went away without telling thank you?
……………………………………………………………………………………
7. Who had Sarah forgotten at her house?
……………………………………………………………………………………
121
D. GRAMMAR: COMMON PHRASAL VERBS – DO / TAKE / RUN
Phrasal verbs are made up of a verb and one or more prepositions. They are called phrasal
verbs because it takes two or more words to complete their meaning. The verb and
preposition work together to form a new verb whose meaning is different from those of
the individual words.
The dog bit me and ran away.
Do Take Run
Do away with - Abolish, Take aback - To surprise Run after - To chase or
get rid of or shock someone (old- pursue
The United Kingdom did fashioned, rare) I ran after the bus, but it
away with the death penalty His voice was so loud that didn’t stop for me
in 1965. it took us aback at first.
Do out of - Cheat Take after - To be similar Run for - Try to be elected

somebody out of something to someone in appearance to a political or leadership
that is rightfully theirs or character, especially a position.
They lied on the reference family member Mark is running for state
and did me out of any She’s very funny. She takes senator.
chance of getting the job. after her mother.
Do over - Do something Take away - To remove Run out of - Have none left
again from the beginning, something We ran out of beer at the
especially because you did Take that table away as we party, so we had to go buy
it badly the first time don’t need it in here. some more.
OK, we'll do it over, but try
to sing the right words this
time.
Do with - Wish for or ask Take back - Take Run over - To hit with a
for (usually after can or something/someone back vehicle (car, train, truck)
could) The dress was too tight so I She’s upset because she ran
I could do with a cold beer took it back to the shop. over a cat while driving
about now. He cheated on her but she home from work.
finally took him back.
Do without - Manage Take for - To believe Run through - Explain

without something something about somebody, quickly
There's no sugar, so you'll often wrongly Let me run through the
have to do without She looks very mature so I schedule for the tour.
took her for much older
than 14.
122
A. Choose the correct answer (phrasal verbs with do):
1. I'm so thirsty; I could really do ...... a cup of tea

a. in
b. with
c. over
2. You must do ...... your seatbelt; it's the law
a. in
b. with
c. up
3. If you don't do your shoes ......., you'll probably fall over
a. up
b. in
c. down
4. That's got nothing to do ....... me; it's absolutely none of my business
a. for
b. in
c. with
5. The house was in bad condition and they had to do it ...... before they could live
there
a. up
b. in
c. with
6. He did them ......... of a lot of money with his lies
a. out
b. up
c. with
7. The accident did .... him; he never recovered
a. up
b. with
c. for
8. He did a lot of harm ...... the cause
a. to
b. in
c. up
9. Do ..... others what you would have them do to you
a. to
b. in
c. up
10. They buy old cars do them ..... and sell them for a profit
a. in
b. down
c. up
123
B. Choose the correct answer (phrasal verbs with take):
1. She takes ………………… her grandmother.

a. in
b. off
c. after
2. They assaulted the watchmen and took many precious paintings
………………… .
a. off
b. down
c. away
3. These shoes don’t fit. I am going to take them ………………… .. to the store.
a. away
b. back
c. off
4. Don’t take him ………………….. an idiot.
a. in
b. for
c. off
5. The dress was loose for me so I took it to the tailor and got it taken ……………
a. out
b. in
c. off
C. Choose the correct answer (phrasal verbs with run):
1. Can you get some sugar from the shop? We have run ………………
a. off
b. out
c. in
2. This car runs ……………… petrol.
a. on
b. off
c. out
3. The boy ran …………….. from home because he had no one to love him there.
a. out
b. off
c. away
4. Cancer runs ……………. his family. Both his parents died of it.
a. in
b. on
c. over
5. The police constable ran ………………. the thief but he could not catch him.
a. over
b. out
c. after
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E. LISTENING
Listen to the video 5A-Phrasal verbs and answer these questions:
1. What does the man need to do?
a. Back up the data

b. Look up the password
2. If the man spruces up the report, what do that mean?
a. He will improve it.

b. He will delete it.
3. The man is going to ___ buying a new house.
a. put off
b. give up
4. What will the woman pick up?
a. Flight details
b. Someone at the airport
F. WRITING
Write an awkward situation you had in the past (100 words maximum). Use as many
phrasal verbs you can.
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
G. SPEAKING
Share your awkward situation with the whole class. Get ready to answer any questions
your classmates would have about your anecdote.
125
OCABU
UNIT Lesson
5 5B
Chinese Education
1. Do you know how Chinese education is?

2. Do you think Chinese education is different from Ecuadorian?
B. VOCABULARY
A. Match the words in the box with the following pictures:
law compulsory entrance exam college raise literacy
1. …………………………. 2. …………………………… 3. ……………………...
4. …………………………... 5. …………………………… 6. ………………………
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A. READING
Structure of the Chinese education system

In China, education is divided into three categories: basic education, higher education,
and adult education. By law, each child must have nine years of compulsory education
from primary school (six years) to junior secondary education (three years).
Basic education in China includes pre-school education (usually three years), primary
education (six years, usually starting at the age of six) and secondary education (six
years).
Secondary education has two routes: academic secondary education and
specialized/vocational/technical secondary education. Academic secondary education
consists of junior (three years) and senior middle schools (three years). Junior middle
school graduates wishing to continue their education take a locally administered entrance
exam, on the basis of which they will have the option of i) continuing in an academic
senior middle school; or ii) entering a vocational middle school (or leaving school at this
point) to receive two to four years of training. Senior middle school graduates wishing to
go to universities must take National Higher Education Entrance Exam (Gao Kao).
According to the Chinese Ministry of Education, in June 2015, 9.42 million students took
the exam.
Higher education is further divided into two categories: 1) universities that offer four-
year or five-year undergraduate degrees to award academic degree qualifications; and 2)
colleges that offer three-year diploma or certificate courses on both academic and
vocational subjects. Postgraduate and doctoral programmes are only offered at
universities.
Adult education ranges from primary education to higher education. For example, adult
primary education includes Workers’ Primary Schools, Peasants’ Primary Schools in an
effort to raise literacy levels in remote areas; adult secondary education includes
specialized secondary schools for adults; and adult higher education includes traditional
radio/TV universities (now online), most of which offer certificates/diplomas but a few
offer regular undergraduate degrees.
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B. Choose the correct answer:
1. How many categories is the Chinese education divided?
a. three
b. four
c. two
2. How many years a child must study?
a. Nine
b. Eight
c. Six
3. Academic secondary education consists on:
a. Six years in total
b. Nine years in total
c. Three years in total
4. Who need to do an entrance exam?
a. Senior middle school students
b. Junior middle school students
c. Primary school students
5. Colleges offer:
a. Two-year certificate courses
b. Five-year undergraduate degrees
c. Three-year courses on vocational subjects
6. Universities offer:
a. Two-year certificate courses
b. Five-year undergraduate degrees
c. Three-year courses on vocational subjects
7. Postgraduate and doctoral programmes are offered by:
a. Universities
b. Colleges
c. Both
8. Adult education is aimed to:
a. Raise literacy
b. Raise money
c. All areas
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D. GRAMMAR: BE SUPPOSED TO / BE LIKELY TO / BE USED TO
Be supposed to
Supposed to is part of a modal verb phrase meaning expected to or required to.
He is supposed to turn in his homework on Friday mornings.
It was supposed to rain today.
Be likely to
They are used for future events which are probably going to happen or they are probably
true.
They are likely to invite you to their wedding
We can also use the following structure: It’s likely + that + future clause
It’s likely that they will win the match this time
Be used to
Be used to means 'be familiar with' or 'be accustomed to'. It can be followed by a noun,
pronoun or the -ing form of a verb, and can be used about the past, present or future.
She's used to the city now and doesn't get lost any more.
He wasn't used to walking so much and his legs hurt after the hike.
I'm a teacher so I'm used to speaking in public.
A. Use supposed to + the verb given in brackets. Put the verb into the correct form if
necessary.
1. The train was ………………...…………….. at 11.00. Why was it so late? (arrive)
2. Why are you watching TV? You're ……………………………… your
homework. (do)
3. You can't go to the pub – you're …………………………………………... ill! (be)
4. I'm going to wash the car now. I was …………………………………. it yesterday
but I didn't feel like it. (do)
5. I'd better hurry up; I'm …………………………………… Helen at eleven
o'clock. (meet)
6. Where's Harriette? She was …………………………………….. by now. (arrive)
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B. Write sentences with similar meanings. Use the words in brackets.
Example: He probably won’t win the game. ⇒ He is unlikely to win the game
(unlikely)
1. They will probably arrive early. ⇒ They …………………………………. early.

(likely)
2. You definitely won't have any problems. ⇒ ………………………………… will
have any problems. (very unlikely)
3. You will probably find what you are looking for. ⇒ You…………………….........
what you are looking for. (likely)
4. He is likely to win tonight. ⇒ It's ………………………………………. tonight.
(likely)
5. Kevin probably won't find a job soon. ⇒ Kevin…………………………………..
a job soon. (unlikely)
C. Complete with be used to and the verb or noun in brackets.
1. I have three lectures per day. I ………………………………………….... so much

so I have even got a sore throat. (not speak)
2. My little son ……………………………………. to school so he is happy every
morning when we take him there. (go)
3. Ted …………………………………………. a bike without a helmet so he feels
uncomfortable while wearing it. (ride)
4. My friends ………………………………… for me so I can be late for half an
hour or so. (wait)
5. Douglas ……………………………………. so much homework so going to this
specialized school is a true disaster for him. (not do)
6. You don’t feel well these days because you ……………………………… long
hours. (not work)
7. My girlfriend is British, so she …………………………………. on the right. (not
drive)
8. She ……………………………… so she doesn't get lost. (the Tokyo subway)
9. I ……………………….….. in London, so the crowds don't bother me. (live)
10. John …………………………………….…… in heavy traffic. (drive)
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D. LISTENING
Listen and answer true or false:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9PKBv6MUX9o
1. Chinese students go to cram schools to be more competitive. T / F

2. Chinese students give three entrance exams at different ages. T / F
3. Math performance isn´t the key on these entrance exams. T / F
4. China is in top seven in Mathematics in the world ranking. T / F
5. USA is better in Mathematics than China. T / F
6. Chinese parents push teachers at cram schools. T / F
7. Teachers at cram schools don´t relate Math to real-life problems. T / F
E. WRITING
Write a reflection about how Ecuadorian education is supposed to be (60 words

maximum). Use be supposed to / be likely to / be used to and the vocabulary from this
lesson.
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
F. SPEAKING
Share your reflection with the whole class.
131
OCABU
UNIT Lesson
5 5C
Career Paths
1. Do you know what are career paths?

2. Do you think you are in the correct career path? Yes-no / Why?
B. VOCABULARY
A. Match each word with its definition:
Term Letter Definitions

1. Resource a. Able to make money from new, interesting ideas
2. Enterprising b. Products used for writing letters and notes
3. Retail c. Money, skills, or time that is available when needed
4. Concept d. To get bigger
5. Stationery e. The land and buildings of a university or college
6. Expand f. Concerning the sale of things to people in stores
7. Spur g. Motivate, inspire
8. Campus h. An idea about how something is or should be done
B. Complete the following sentences using words from A. You might have to change
the form of the word.
1. I’d like to have a(n) …………………… business selling personalized notebooks,

but I don’t have the …………………… to start one!
2. The school decided to …………………… the size of its …………………… so
that more students could attend.
3. Don’t be afraid to fail. Sometimes that can …………………… you on to great
success.
4. Mr. Galison is very ……………………; his business …………………… always
seem to earn lots of money for the company.
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C. READING

College Start-Ups
Most college students see their time at university as the first step in their career path;
afterwards, they will go out into the working world and get a job. But some students have
great ideas that simply cannot wait until graduation day. With many free resources and
technologies available to them, more and more university students are finding ways to
start small businesses while they are still in school. Let’s take a look at a few enterprising
undergraduates and their companies.
Green Mobile
As a student at the University of Missouri, Brian Laoruangroch used to sell refurbished

cell phones on eBay as a hobby. But when Brian realized how much money he could
make by buying, fixing, and reselling phones, he decided to create his own website to
resell the phones. His parents loaned him money, and he received money from his local
government to found a company called Green Mobile, which now has local retail stores
and about 20 employees. Brian said balancing work and studies was challenging, but he
didn’t forget to pay attention in class. “I was learning important business concepts while
I was using them in my own business,” he said.
Whitney Williams Collection
Whitney Williams has always been creative, and she enjoys making things in her spare
time. While in elementary school, she sold handmade stationery to people in her
neighborhood, and later she expanded her offerings to include one-of-a-kind purses.
When Whitney visited Italy as a student at Texas Christian University, she fell in love
with the handmade jewelry she saw there. It inspired her to start her own jewelry business.
Instead of partying with friends or traveling, Whitney spent most of her weekends for the
next two years selling her high-quality jewelry at small shows and private sales. As a
result, the Whitney Williams Collection is now produced and sold around the world.
Whitney hopes to eventually expand her brand to include shoes, clothing, and accessories.
Punch
As a competitive swimmer, Zac Workman became very familiar with energy drinks.
However, Zac found problems with most energy drinks. They either tasted bad, used
chemicals that weren’t healthy, or made the user feel tired again when its sugary energy
was used up. This spurred Zac to do some research when he got to the University of
Indiana. Using an old family recipe for fruit punch, Zac developed an energy drink with
natural ingredients, and found a partner to produce it. His energy drink, called Punch,
became popular on his campus. As his business grows, Zac says he’s learning on the job.
“People would think it would be difficult to balance class and a business,” he said, “but
I’m learning more now than I ever have in the classroom.”
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B. Choose the correct answers for the following questions.
1. According to the article, how many employees does Green Mobile have?
a. only one
b. about 20
c. over 30
2. Who did Whitney sell her first products to?
a. her neighbors
b. her classmates
c. her teachers
3. Which best describes Zac’s energy drink Punch?
a. a drink made especially for swimmers
b. an all-natural drink that helps athletes
c. a fresh sports drink that Zac made every day
C. According to the reading, complete the diagram by writing the letter in the correct
area.
Brian
Whitney
Zac
a. Turned a hobby into a business

b. Developed a product for athletes
c. Used family money to start the company
d. Says lessons learned in school have helped in managing a business
e. Started the company while still in university
f. Creates new and original products to sell
g. Worked weekends and did not see friends very often when starting the company
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D. GRAMMAR: MAKE AND DO
When we use do and make with noun phrases, do focuses on the process of acting or
performing something, make emphasizes more the product or outcome of an action:
When I was doing the calculations, I made two mistakes.

[action] [outcome]
I did some work for her last summer; I made a pond in her garden.
[action] [outcome]
Nouns that combine with do: activity, damage, favor, job, task, business, drawing,
gardening, laundry, test, cleaning, duty, harm, one’s best, washing (up), cooking,
exam(ination), homework, painting, work, course, exercise, ironing, shopping
I do the shopping on Fridays usually.

Could you do a job for me next week?
Who does the cooking in your house?
Nouns that combine with make: apology, coffee, excuse, love, offer, remark, assumption,
comment, friends, lunch, phone call, sound, bed, complaint, guess, mess, plan, soup,
breakfast, dinner, law, mistake, profit, speech, cake, effort, list, money, progress,
statement, change, error, loss, noise, promise, tea
They made me an interesting offer of a job in Warsaw.

Not many building firms will make a profit this year.
I have to make a phone call.

1. Ali _____ karate three times a week.
a. makes
b. does
2. I haven’t _____ dinner yet because I’m not very hungry.
a. made
b. done
3. Have you _____ your homework yet?
a. made
b. done
4. I always _____ a list before I go shopping.
a. make
b. do
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B. Fill in the gaps with ‘make’ or ‘do’ in the present simple, present continuous, past
simple, or present perfect form. Use the subject or word in brackets where needed.
Example: The children are doing their homework right now.
1. What ………………………………… (you) for dinner last night?

2. Pat usually ………………………………… her homework in the kitchen.
3. We ………………………………… (not) any plans for the summer holidays
yet.
4. We ………………………………… (not) anything exciting last weekend
5. I ………………………………… yoga at the gym three times a week.
6. Tim ………………………………… a promise to his girlfriend last night.
7. Sally ………………………………… a lot of mistakes in her history exam
yesterday.
8. I ………………………………… my hair every morning.
9. I ………………………………… the laundry right now.
10. Jess ………………………………… a lot of friends while she was travelling
C. Circle the correct answer:
1. Does she ever ____ her own bread?

do / does / make
2. You have to ____ something.
do / make / do make
3. She never ___ mistakes.
does / does make / makes
4. My sister always ____ her bed.
does / make / makes
5. Our parents ____ anything last night.
didn't / didn't do / didn't make
6. Our older sister ____ the ironing every two days.
does / makes / make
7. I ____ no homework at all yesterday afternoon.
did / not did / make
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E. LISTENING
Watch these two videos and answer the questions:
https://youtu.be/Nc2asj7NfSo https://youtu.be/xBfU_SlssDc
What is his job about? What is her job about?

………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………….
F. SPEAKING
1. How did you choose your career? Was it a tough decision?

2. What professional advice would you give to your younger self?
3. Have you ever had a career advisor or a career coach? If not, would you like to
have one?
4. Is choosing a career today more complicated than it was in the past? Why/Why
not?
5. What should young people keep in mind when choosing a career?
6. Think of some jobs which don’t exist anymore or might soon disappear (e.g.
telemarketer, cashier, typist). What trends might put certain jobs at risk?
7. What are some examples of emerging jobs that didn’t exist ten years ago? What
needs do they address?
G. WRITING
Write about your career path (50 words maximum). What will you do - What will you
make when you graduate?
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………
137
OCABU
UNIT Lesson
5 5D
Agreeing and Disagreeing
1. How often do you disagree with people?

2. Do you always say something when you disagree with someone? Yes-No/ Why?
B. VOCABULARY
A. Match each term with its definition:
Term Letter Definitions

1. A monologue a. To deal with or have responsibility for something
2. Defensive b. To solve or end a problem
3. To handle c. Advice and comments about your work that are useful
and help to improve it
4. To resolve d. A long speech by one person
5. To bring up e. A way of seeing or thinking about something
6. To blame f. Protecting yourself from being criticized or attacked
7. Constructive g. To start talking about a particular topic
feedback
8. A perspective h. To say or think that someone is responsible for
something bad happening
C. READING

Conflict management
Knowing how to handle conflict is an important professional

skill. Conflict at work can affect the motivation and well-
being of staff and create unnecessary distractions and stress.
People with conflict management skills resolve disagreements
quickly and effectively, enabling effective teamwork and
maximum productivity. Successful conflict management also
helps to create an atmosphere in which individuals can learn from others, develop their
talents and think creatively. Conflict management can be challenging, but people who do
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it well are highly valued by their colleagues and companies.
Fight or flight
When conflict arises, we can often see nature’s fight-or-flight response – either attacking
the enemy or running away. The ‘fight’ reaction is when people start to prepare
themselves for an argument. But by getting aggressive, they might not only damage their
relationships but also miss the chance of growing through constructive feedback.
The ‘flight’ response involves ignoring the issue altogether. People suppress their
feelings, hide disagreements and pretend that everything is fine when it is not. However,
the conflict remains unresolved and the problem gets worse.
So how can we go beyond our immediate reactions to make conflict a source of trust-
building and development? Here are eight tips to help us manage conflict successfully.
1. Consider the best time and place for the conversation. While it is important to talk
about the issue, doing it in the wrong place and in front of the wrong people can result in
embarrassment and an inability to truly listen. If possible, make an appointment to sit
down and talk through the issue with the people involved.
2. Assume positive intentions. If you walk into a conversation assuming that you’re not
liked or that you’re going to be attacked, you’ll most likely spend that time defending
yourself and feeling angry and hurt. Remember that you’re going through this process
because people want to resolve the issue and get along. So, start by assuming that their
intentions are positive and that the things they are going to say are for the good of the
team. This will allow for an open conversation that aims to improve the situation rather
than make it worse.
3. Make sure it’s a two-way conversation. A conversation is not a monologue. It is not a
chance for one party to list all the things they are angry and unhappy about without letting
the other person react. A real conversation allows all parties to share their perspectives
and collaborate to find a satisfactory way forward. If you find yourself in a monologue,
stop and ask some questions.
4. Listen and be open to change. Many of us think we listen but instead are simply waiting
for our chance to respond. Put your thoughts aside for the moment and truly listen when
the other person is speaking. Growth and development are only possible if you allow their
words to change you.
5. Be specific about the issue and the impact. It’s easy to generalize and make broad
accusations, for example using statements such as You always ... or You never ...
However, this often results in a defensive response. Instead, be specific about what the
issue is, give examples and be clear about the impact of the problem. Be as objective as
you can and avoid personal attacks.
6. Don’t bring up the past. Some of us feel the need to bring up less relevant past events
to gain an advantage over our conversation partner. This can make people feel defensive
and distract everyone from the main point of the conversation. Try to focus on the main
issue and how to make things better.
7. Take responsibility for your part in the problem. We are not perfect and we make
mistakes. Consider how you might have contributed to the problem and take
responsibility for it. This not only demonstrates your desire to work as a team but also
shows that you are not just looking for an opportunity to blame the other party.
8. Focus on the future. Conversations about conflict are often focused on what shouldn’t
have been and what could have been done. Instead, focus on the future. What steps can
you take to resolve the problem? How can you avoid this happening again? With careful
management, conflicts can help us make the most of our differences and find a way of
working together successfully.
139
B. Choose True or False:
1. Employers don’t realize that conflict management skills are useful. T / F
2. When faced with conflict, it is natural to want to run away or to get ready for
battle. T / F
3. When we choose between ‘fight’ or ‘flight’, they can both result in a lost
opportunity to make things better. T / F
4. It is best to start dealing with conflict immediately, without worrying too much
about the time and place. T / F
5. Many people who say they are listening are in fact thinking of what they are going
to say in reply. T / F
6. Focusing on examples of the other person’s wrongdoing helps to resolve conflict.
T / F
D. GRAMMAR: AGREEING AND DISAGREEING
Expressions to Show Agreement

These are some expressions to show agreement in English
I agree with you 100 percent.

I couldn’t agree with more.
That’s so true...
You’re absolutely right.
Absolutely.
That’s exactly how I feel.
Exactly.
I’m afraid I agree with James.
You have a point there.
I was just going to say that.
Expressions to Show Disagreement
These are some expressions to show disagreement in English
I don’t think so.

No way.
I’m afraid I disagree.
I totally disagree.
I beg to differ.
Not necessarily.
That’s not always true.
That’s not always the case.
I’m not so sure about that
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A. Read short conversations and write agree if you think they agree and disagree if
you think they disagree:
1. ………………………
A: I think that we should ban guns
B: I don’t agree with you, I think that’s a violation to your rights
2. ………………………
A: I think Marihuana should be illegal
B: I totally disagree with you, Marihuana is not that harmful
3. ………………………
A: Abortion should be Illegal
B: I don’t think so, what’s your reasoning behind it?
4. ………………………
A: What are your thoughts on Gay Marriage?
B: I think we all should have the same rights
5. ………………………
A: Those students always fail classes like these
B: That’s not always the case
6. ………………………
A: I think we should be ban Video Games
B: No way
7. ………………………
A: What do you think about the Pandemic?
B: I think we should stay home if that’s among your possibilities
8. ………………………
A: I think we have to let science decide
B: I couldn’t agree more
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E. LISTENING
Watch the video and complete the dialogue with the words in the box:
https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/skills/speaking/b1-speaking/agreeing-disagreeing
Definitely not so sure got a point convinced I disagree

get me wrong what you mean right
A: Here's my design for the new advertising campaign. What do you think?
B: I'm not (1) ……………………….. that this is what the client wants.
A: But they asked for bright colors.
B: I think (2) ………………….….. They said they wanted the design to be fresh and fun.
A: But this design IS fresh and fun.
B: I'm (3) ……………………...
A: Really?
B: Don't (4) ……………………..., I like your design but it doesn't fit the brief.
A: I see (5) …………………….... I guess it's a bit too flashy.
B: What about changing the red and the stars?
A: Maybe you've (6) …………………... there. I think you're (7) ………………….... .Is
that better?
B: Yes, (8) ……………………...
F. SPEAKING
Discuss the following statements, you agree or disagree and why:
1. English is easy to learn.

2. Money is more important than love.
3. Students should be required to study English in elementary school.
4. Violence is sometimes necessary.
5. Personality is more important than beauty.
6. People who live in apartments shouldn't own pets.
7. No job is perfect.
8. Everyone is good at something.
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9. We are not alone in the universe.
10. Life was better 20 years ago.
11. The most important thing about a job is the salary.
12. You can know a lot about a person from the clothes he or she wears.
13. Teachers should be able to use physical punishment.
14. Global warming isn't real.
15. There are actions we can take to stop global warming.
16. There are no such things as ghosts.
17. Everyone has the right to have an opinion even if the opinion is false according to
well-known facts.
18. People get offended too easily nowadays.
19. What goes around comes around. (If you do good, good will come to you / If you
do bad, bad things will happen to you.)
20. Parents should never hit their children.
21. Table manners and etiquette have become less important in the 21st century.
G. WRITING
When was the last time you disagreed with someone? Describe all the situation (100
words maximum).
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
143
OCABU
UNIT Lesson
5 5E
Autonomous work
A. VOCABULARY
A. Circle the word or phrase that does not belong in each group:
1. popular / decision / opinion / agreement
2. guess / hypothesis / politics / theory
3. fundamental / essential / central / mistaken
4. take care of / inclined to / support / encourage
5. investigate / find out about / study / ignore
6. succeed / prosper / thrive / reduce
7. romantic / forceful / strong / persuasive
8. order / error / regulation / law
B. READING
A. Read the following text. What is the main idea of it?
The Right Job for Your Personality
Choosing a career is an important life decision, yet many

people settle on one based on the opinions of friends and
family. It’s very difficult to find something you really enjoy
doing, but scientists have devised tests to help people come
closer to finding their dream job.
One of the most widely used tests is the Holland Code.
Psychologist John Holland worked for more than 50 years
to develop his theories about personality and career choice. He created a set of six
personality types to help people understand what careers might be best for them. Dr.
Holland believed that people work best in environments that match their personalities,
and the key to finding a satisfying career is to match your fundamental interests with an
occupation.
Take a look at the six personality types below and see which jobs might be right for you.
Most people are a combination of two or three types.
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Realistic
Realistic people like to work with things they can see or touch. They are inclined to solve
problems by doing them, rather than thinking or talking about them. They generally like
to work outside and are good with tools, machines, plants, and animals.
Job matches: carpenter, chef, nurse, pilot
Investigative
People of this personality type value ideas and are strong at tasks that allow them to
investigate facts and figure out complex problems. They are better at individual work like
research and study, rather than leading groups of people or working in teams.
Job matches: computer programmer, historian, psychologist, surgeon
Artistic
Artists are creative people. They don’t work well with structure and rules, and thrive
instead in environments that allow communication and a free flow of ideas. They enjoy
tasks that allow them to express themselves and mix with people.
Job matches: actor, art therapist, graphic designer, writer
Social
Social personalities love to work with people. They get the most satisfaction out of
teaching and helping others, and are driven to serve the community as opposed to making
money.
Job matches: coach, counselor, social worker, teacher
Enterprising
Many great leaders and business people have enterprising personalities. These are
persuasive people who are good at making decisions and leading teams. They tend to
value money, power, and status, and will work toward achieving them.
Job matches: business owner, event manager, lawyer, salesperson
Conventional
Conventional people appreciate rules and regulations, and like having structure to their
lives. They are logical thinkers and have a lot of self-control, making them the perfect
people to work with data and details.
Job matches: accountant, analyst, editor, librarian
Nowadays, anyone can take a Holland Code personality test online to find what jobs
might be right for them. Why not try it today?
B. Match the personality type with the description.
Type Answer Description

1. Realistic a. likes to lead and influence other people
2. Investigative b. likes to organize things and check details
3. Artistic c. likes to create new things and express their ideas
4. Social d. likes to work with their bodies and do practical
things
5. Enterprising e. likes to work with ideas and problems
6. Conventional f. likes to work with and help other people
C. Read the following sentences. Choose true (T) or false (F).

1. A person can fit into several personality types. T / F
2. Realistic and Conventional people like working with objects. T / F
3. Most people consider their personality type before choosing a job. T / F
4. Both Social and Investigative types like working with other people. T / F
5. You need to see an expert to take a Holland Code test. T / F
145
C. GRAMMAR: PHRASAL VERBS / BE EXPRESSIONS / MAKE AND
DO / AGREEING AND DISAGREEING

1. If there isn't any tea, I'll make do ...... coffee
a. with
b. for
c. out
2. Please take your shoes ………………… .. before entering the temple.
a. away
b. down
c. off
3. How are you going to meet the deadlines if you take ………………… . too many
projects?
a. in
b. on
c. out
4. If you love Susie why don’t you take her ………………… on a date?
a. in
b. up
c. out
5. He took ………………… farming after retirement.
a. in
b. out
c. up
6. We will take this issue ………………… . when we meet next week.
a. up
b. on
c. over
7. When we were kids we would spend the entire afternoon running …………….
the neighborhood.
a. over
b. around
c. on
8. I want to run ……………… President.
a. on
b. for
c. after
9. I ran …………….. an old friend of mine yesterday.
a. at
b. into
c. over
10. Can you run ………………. hundred copies of this document?
a. over
b. off
c. about
11. I ran ………………. a dog while driving home from work.
a. after
b. over
c. on
12. He has run ……………… a huge debt on his credit cards.
a. in
b. up
c. out
146
B. Make sentences using 'be used to + verb-ing' or 'be used to + noun / pronoun'.
You need to choose the correct tense:
1. I ………………………. (live) in London, so the crowds don't bother me.

2. She ………………………. (the Tokyo subway) so she doesn't get lost.
3. He ………………………. (not/deal) with animals, so he's a bit scared of the
dogs.
4. John ………………………. (drive)in heavy traffic.
5. I ………………………. (wake)up in the night with my baby. I drink lots of
coffee!
C. Choose the correct answer and fill in the sentences:
1. He has a good job and ………………………. a lot of money. Does / makes
2. Alice ………………………. very well in her math’s test. Did / made
3. Do you want me to ………………………. you a coffee? Make / do
4. Joe ………………………. his homework yet. Hasn´t made / hasn´t done
5. The children are………………………. a lot of noise right now. Doing / making
6. Have you ………………………. any plans for the weekend yet. Done / made
7. Cara ………………………. the dishes every evening. Does / makes
8. If you want to get fit, you should …………………. more exercise. Make / do
9. Luis always ……………………. dinner as soon as he gets home. Does / makes
10. John went into the kitchen to ………………………. a phone call. Make / do
D. Agree or disagree, accept or refuse according to the task in parentheses.

Choose the most appropriate answer.
1. He doesn't speak English. – (Agree.)
a. But he does
b. No, he does
c. No, he doesn't
d. Yes, he does
2. I think she knows him. – (Disagree.)
a. But she does
b. No, she does
c. No, she doesn't
d. Yes, she does
147
3. You haven't seen Tom, have you? – (Agree.)
a. No, I haven't
b. No, I didn't
c. Yes, I have
d. Yes, I did
4. You won't go to work tomorrow, will you? – (Disagree.)
a. No, I will
b. No, I won't
c. Yes, I will
d. Yes, I won't
5. It was a great party! – (Agree.)
a. I couldn't agree less
b. I couldn't agree more
c. I couldn't care less
d. I couldn't disagree more
6. It is the worst film we've ever seen. – (Disagree.)
a. I couldn't say
b. I suppose so
c. I wouldn't say that
d. You can say that again
7. Would you like another piece of chocolate cake? – (Accept.)
a. No, thank you
b. I'm afraid I'm on a diet
c. Thank you, but I really can't eat any more
d. Yes, please. It's delicious
8. Please have some more fried chicken. – (Refuse.)
a. I wouldn't say no
b. Thank you, but I've had enough
c. Thank you, you are very kind
d. Yes, please. I'd love some
148
D. LISTENING
A. Listen to the audio and complete the gaps with the correct word:
1. The organization Tourism Australia is offering six jobs, for six

_______________.
2. If you want one of these jobs, you have to make a short _______________.
3. The job of outback adventurer is for someone with a passion for
_______________ life.
4. Job number two is a park _______________ in Queensland.
5. The wildlife caretaker job on Kangaroo Island is for someone who loves
_______________.
6. If you’re not an outdoor person, the next job is for someone whose talents are in
7. _______________.
8. The taste master will need to _______________ about food as well as enjoy
eating it.
9. The final job is based in ______________
B. Do this exercise while you listen. Put the job requirements with the correct job.
a. Write, take photographs and make films

b. Help preserve and promote plants, animals, fossils and indigenous culture
c. Work with some dangerous animals
d. Work with the organizers of festivals
e. Find the best places for “wining and dining”
f. Learn how to make alcoholic drinks
g. Work in a state with the world’s biggest sand island
h. Use social media to tell people about cool events
i. Find adventures and employment for young people on working holidays
j. Travel in a hot air balloon and be prepared to eat insects!
k. Use different types of transport and leave only footprints
l. Report on cafés, concerts and days out
Outback adventurer Park ranger Wildlife caretaker
Lifestyle journalist Taste master Chief funster
149
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Unit 1
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Intermediate-Advanced). (2022, 2 marzo). JIMMYESL.
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speech-social-media-upper-intermediate-advanced/
Unit 3
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Unit 4
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INTERMEDIATE 2

NOVIEMBRE 2023 - MARZO 2024

20-25 1C. Anime Vocabulary: Anime Would Prefer Anime genres

26-30 1D. Sitcoms Vocabulary: Types of Prefer Types of sitcoms

31-34 1E. Autonomous Vocabulary: Movies, TV Prefer Movies, TV

Students will be able to:

1. Recognize the grammar structures for

2. Difference the grammar structures for

3. Express preferences regarding movies, TV

1. Match the movies with the correct genre. Action film

1. Read the following movie review. Which genre is this movie?

Carl Brashear was quite a guy. A black sharecropper's son

The movie is an old-fashioned biopic, and I mean that as a

Choose the correct option:

I prefer tea to coffee.

We don’t use than after prefer:

She prefers books to magazines.

We can use a to-infinitive or an -ing form after prefer:

She’s not keen on coffee. She prefers to drink tea.

Summary: Prefer can be followed by a noun, to-infinitive, and ing-form (gerund)

A. Choose the correct option:

1. John ……. going home to the movies.

2. Ana prefers ………. horror films to romantic ones.

3. Peter prefers ……… at home.

4. Harry prefers ………. to coffee.

5. I prefer watching movies at home …… going to the movies.

1. Mary is not so healthy.

2. Nelly loves adventure.

3. Pablo doesn´t like to go out of his house.

4. Carl sleeps early every day.

5. Mike loves eating junk food at the cinema.

C. Answer the following personal questions:

1. Which movies do you prefer? Why?

2. Do you prefer watching movies at home or at the cinema? Why?

4. Do you prefer to watch movies alone or with someone else? Why?

Watch the following video and choose the right answer:

1. The scene takes place in ………

2. On which step did the man almost give up?

4. According to his superior a diver is:

5. How many steps did he make?

2. Share your answers with the whole class.

1. Match the TV programs with the correct genre.

Which is your favorite national TV program? Which

Which is your favorite international TV program?

1. Read the following text. Which genre is this TV program?

Betty the Ugly

Betty the Ugly, is a Colombian soap opera, created by

Choose the correct option:

1. Betty the ugly is a ………

Same subject + base form / refers to the present

Different subject + past simple clause / refers to the present or future

We use than to compare 2 clauses.

A. Choose the correct option:

1. I don't fancy the theatre again. I'd

1. talk / first / I'd / you / rather / him / to

2. you / I'd / took / the / hospital / to / rather / her

4. I got a bad grade.

5. My sister failed the English course.

C. Answer the following personal questions:

1. Would you rather watch international or national TV programs? Why?

2. Which genre of TV programs would you rather see? Why?

4. Would you rather watch reality shows or soap operas? Why?

5. Would you rather watch news or sports shows? Why?