INTERMEDIATE 1

NOVIEMBRE 2023- MARZO 2024

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CONTENT

UNIT 1. EMERGENCY HEALTH

Pages Lessons Content Grammar Vocabulary

Vocabulary: Health habits
7-12 Lesson 1A: Reading: Don’t skip the Comparatives / Movie’s genres
Good Habits breakfast adverbs
Listening:
Writing: composition
about food habits

Vocabulary: Fitness
13-17 Lesson 1B: nutrition
Good shape Reading: Nutrition
Listening: Free activities

Speaking: discussion in Superlatives /

class. adverbs Fitness nutrition
Vocabulary: mental
18-22 Lesson 1C: diseases Mental diseases
Emotional health Reading: World mental Had better
health
Listening: Stress

Speaking: answer
questions
Vocabulary: Health
23-27 Lesson 1D: disorders Had better - Health disorders
health Disorders Reading: Coronavirus should - ought to
Listening: health
problems

Writing: create a poster

Vocabulary: matching
28-30 Lesson 1E: words Review Health
Autonomous Work Reading: Importance of
mental health
Writing: Behavior
problem

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 UNIT 2: FANTASY

Pages Lessons Content Grammar Vocabulary

Lesson 2A: Vocabulary: Past habits
31-36 Reading: How was my
Old habits Modal verbs:
life!
would -wouldn´t /
Listening: Past habits
regular past
Writing: make a poster
actions Past habits
Vocabulary: superheroes
37-41 Lesson 2B: Reading: Batman and Second Superheroes
Fighters Superman conditional - part
Listening: Superheroes 1

Writing: Favorite
superheroes
Lesson 2C: Vocabulary: unreal
42-47 situtaions Reading: Second Unreal dreams
Imagination Dreams conditional - part
Listening: Imaginary 2

Writing: Became a
millionaire
Vocabulary: Robots Conditionals type Real and unreal
48-53 Lesson 2D: Reading: Ancient robots 1 and 2 situations
Certain VS Listening: Robots
Uncertain
Speaking: Have a robot
Vocabulary: letter’s soup Review Fantasy
54-57 Lesson 2E: Reading: Robots teachers
Autonomous Work
Speaking: Robots replace
human teachers

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 UNIT 3: ONLINE COMMUNITY
Pages Lessons Content Grammar Vocabulary
58-63 Lesson 3A: Vocabulary: Cybercrime
Online delicts Reading: Cyber crime Shall – Will Online crimes
Listening: Cybercrime
Writing and Speaking:
Interview
64-68 Lesson 3B: Vocabulary: Phishing Shall and Should Phishing website
Phishing Attacks websites
Reading: Phishing
Listening: Phishing
Writing and Speaking: 10
top phishing Attacks
69-73 Lesson 3C: Vocabulary: Social
Social media
Favorite Social Networking Media Passive voice -
Networks Reading: Social modal verbs
networking
Listening: Social
networking
Writing: Social media
more used
74-78 Lesson 3D: Vocabulary: Safety online Indefinitive Safety online
Personal Data Reading: Safety online pronouns (some-
Protection Listening: Safety Online any-no/people-
Writing: privacy settings things-places)
on social networking

79-83 Lesson 3E: Vocabular: Cybercrime Online

Autonomous Work Reading: Digital footprint Review community
Writing: Create a post

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 UNIT 4: ECOLOGICAL HABITS
Pages Lessons Content Grammar Vocabulary

84-90 Lesson 4A: Vocabulary: Natural

Global warming disasters Linking words:
Reading: Global warming Emphasis and
Listening: Global addition
warming
Writing: Effect of global
warming on your country Natural disasters
91-96 Lesson 4B: Vocabulary: Recycling Recycling
Recycling Reading: The three Rs of Linking words:
the environment Contrast and order
Listening: Recycling
Writing: Ecuadorian’s
people can recycle
97-101 Lesson 4C: Vocabulary: Solar panels Solar panels
Green living Reading: Renewable vs. Tag questions:
Non-renewable energy modal verbs
Listening: Save energy
Writing: Use renewable
energy
102-107 Lesson 4D: Vocabulary: good Good decisions
Coming up with decisions Both - either –
Reading: Make good neither
decisions
Listening: Make decisions
Writing: Living green is
important

108-111 Lesson 4E: Vocabular: Crossword Review Green living

Autonomous Work Reading: green buildings
Writing: Living green is
important

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 UNIT 5: SCHOOLING
Pages Lessons Content Grammar Vocabulary

112-117 Lesson 5A: Vocabulary: Distance Distance learning

Common phrasal
Compound words learning
verbs: get , put, go
Reading: Distance
learning
Listening: Understanding
Writing: Experience in
your distance education

118-124 Lesson 5B: Vocabulary: Classroom Prefixes and types

Classroom
Face to face education
Reading: face-to face education
learning
Listening: Prefixes
Writing: Game with
prefixes

125-131 Lesson 5C: Vocabulary: Online Suffixes and types Online education
Learning online education
Reading: advantages and
disadvantages of online
education
Listening: Cultre shock
Writing: Text about
online education

132-136 Lesson 5D: Vocabulary: Hybrid Hybrid education

Prefixes and
Ways of learning education
sufixes
Reading: Hybrid
education
Listening: education
Writing: Hybrid
Education with prefixes
and suffixes.

137-141 Lesson 5E: Vocabulary: Crossword Review Online learning

Autonomous work Reading: Digital habits
across generations
Writing: Essay about
online education

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 UNIT 1
EMERGENCY HEALTH

LEARNING OUTCOMES

Students will be able to:

1. Identify comparatives and superlatives adverbs to
compare healthy habits

2. Use had better expression in a specific situation.

3. Giving suggestions about health problems.

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 UNIT
1

Emergency Health Lesson 1A

Good Habits

A. VOCABULARY -Healthy Habits

1. Look at the pictures below and write their names.

grumpy skip hungry body’s fuel fruit smoothies meal

1 2 3

..……………….. ..……………….. ..………………..

5 6
4

..……………….. ..……………….. ..………………..

B. READING

1. Answer the next questions.

Have you heard “skipping breakfast” before?

……………………………………………………………………….

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Do you agree or disagree with skipping breakfast? Why yes? Why not?
……………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………….

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2. Read the article about “don´t skip breakfast” and choose the right options.

DON’T SKIP BREAKFAST

Do you skip breakfast? Millions of people do, and if you are one of them, you are putting your ability to think
and learn at risk. Skipping breakfast can cause you to be hungry,
tired, or grumpy by the middle of the morning. Why is that? First,
when you wake up, you have not eaten for about eight hours. Your
body’s fuel, called glucose, is low. Eating breakfast raises the level
of glucose in your brain. Your brain requires a constant flow of
glucose to do mental work. So eating breakfast will give you a
mental edge at school. What if you don’t have enough time for
breakfast or if you are not hungry when you wake up? Having
something for breakfast is better than nothing. Drink some milk or
juice. Then catch a nutritious snack later on in the morning.
Yoghurt, dry cereal,
cheeses, or fruit are good choices. What if you don’t like breakfast foods? Then eat healthy foods you do like.
Even cold pizza or a fruit smoothie can power your morning. Any way you look at it, there’s no reason to
skip this essential meal.

Questions:
1. When can you feel tired and hungry if you skip breakfast?
a. In the morning
b. In the afternoon
c. In the evening
2. What does having breakfast cause to your brain?
a. makes you think better
b. wakes up your brain
c. fuels your brain
3. What advice does the reading give you if you don't have time for breakfast?
a. skip it and wait for lunch
b. have a drink at home and then a snack at school
c. make a sandwich to eat at school
4. What advice does the reading give you if you don't like breakfast?
a. have some fast food
b. have a sugary fruit drink
c. choose any healthy food
5. Why has someone written this text?
a. to answer questions about skipping breakfast
b. to tell people about the benefits of having breakfast
c. to make people know breakfast habits

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C. GRAMMAR

COMPARATIVE
ADVERBS
Use comparative adverbs to compare two verb actions to one another (not
three or more actions)
Example: Luisa writes more healthily than Sophie.
Thomas is less easily distracted than you.

Adverbs Comparative Adverbs

quietly more quietly

slowly more slowly

diplomatic more diplomatic

happily more happily

carefully more carefully

quick more quickly

badly worse

EXERCISES
1. Go through the given sentences and order each one correctly.

1. Practiced - the boy – regularly - his speech

…………………………………………………………………….
2. Ringing – constantly – the phone – kept
…………………………………………………………………..
3. Carelessly - driving – too- you – are
…………………………………………………………………..
4. The problem – solved – quickly – he
…………………………………………………………………..
5. Before – this story – heard – I – have
…………………………………………………………………..

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 2. Fill in the correct comparative adverb of the adjectives in brackets.
1. I speak English...................................................Now than last year. (fluent)
2. She smiles..................................................than before. (happy)
3. This girl dances..............................................than her best friend. (graceful)
4. He worked.....................................................than ever before. (high)
5. Planes can fly.................................................than birds. (high)
6. Jim can run........................................................than John. (fast)
7. He arrived.............................................than expected (early)
8. They called us....................................in the afternoon. (late)
9. He hit his arm..................................than before. (hard)
10. Jim threw the ball.............................tan Peter. ( far)

3. Read carefully the next sentences and choose the right comparatives adverbs.

1. Germany played…. .all the other soccer teams in the 2014 World Cup.
a. Gooder than b. Better as c. Better than
2. These shoes fit ……the others I tried on a few minutes ago.
a. More comfortable than b. more comfortably c. more comfortably than
3. The Canadian jumped........the other long jumpers in the Olympics, so he won the gold medal.
a. Farrer b. farther than c. farrer than
4. The girls in the class studied …… the boys, so the girls got better grades.
a.Harder than b. more hardly c. more hardly than
5. I think my grandmother drives........everyone else in Colorado!
a.More slowly than b. slower than c. as slowly as

4. LISTENING

1. Listen to the recording and answer the questions. Track 1A Health habits.

1. The man wants to ….. 3. First, the woman suggests that her husband
a. Join a soccer club ……
b. Run a mountain marathon a. See a doctor
c. Try out for the company basketball team b. Start with light workouts
c. Visit with a fitness trainer
2. The woman is worried that ……..
a. The man works too much
b. Her husband´s health isn´t good 4. Her husband should …….
c. Her husband is becoming a fitness freak a. Consume less salt
b. Eta more protein
c. Eat less fatty foods

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5. Why does the man´s wife recommend cycling?
a. It helps strengthen the heart
b. It is good for improving muscle tone
c. It helps develop mental toughness

5. WRITING

Write a 70 – word composition comparing the food habits you had before and now. Use
comparative adverbs.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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 UNIT
1

Emergency Health Lesson 1B

Good Shape

A. VOCABULARY – Fitness nutrition

1. Look at the picture and write the names of the food pyramid.

Fats
Grains and cereals
Eat less
Fruits
Milk and diary
Meat and fish
vegetables

Eat more
B. READING

1. Read the text below about nutrition and complete the exercise of multiple choice.
Nutrition
Everyone eats food. Some people eat lots of fruit and vegetables, others may eat more or less meat, and some
people may eat healthy, but others do not. All of it is related to nutrition. Nutrition is the process of how

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people get the food that is needed to grow strong and healthy along with obtaining the necessary
vitamins and nutrients to help bodies grow and function.
For children, good nutrition is especially important and it is necessary to eat healthy foods
because kids are constantly growing. Good nutrition will lead to healthy bones and
muscles, and without receiving the correct vitamins and nutrients while growing, a child
will not grow as tall and as strong as they could be.

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There are many aspects of nutrition including knowing about the different food groups, understanding
calories, and learning about the different vitamins, nutrients, and minerals a body needs, and what to avoid.
There are five main food groups that should be eaten each day. Eating a variety of foods in each group will
lead to receiving most important nutrients to remain strong and healthy. The first food
group includes grains such as breads, cereals, pasta, and rice. The second food group
is dairy, which includes milk, cheese, yogurt, and other dairy products. Apples,
oranges, grapes, bananas, and much more are a part of the third food group, fruits. Of
course, vegetables is in its own food group as well. There are many, many vegetables
available to eat including beans, broccoli, peas, carrots, corn, and others. Finally, the
fifth and final food group is protein, which can be found in beef, chicken, eggs, nuts,
fish, and pork.
The portion size of each food group is not the same. For example, it is recommended that a person eat
slightly more vegetables and grains than fruit and protein for each meal. There are also other guidelines on
how to eat healthier, some of which includes drinking skim milk instead of whole milk, water instead of
sugary drinks, and eating wheat bread instead of white bread.
Calories are a measure of the amount of energy in food items. Calories are
necessary to eat to get the energy needed to play, work, and move around. The
calories get burned off during movement, so eating will replenish them. But if a
person eats more calories than they burn, the excess is stored as fat. There are also
some foods that contain empty calories, meaning they have very little nutritional
value such as solid fats and sugars.
There are many healthy foods to eat in order to receive the vitamins and minerals needed. For example,
vitamin A is found in milk and helps keep the immune system healthy; Vitamin C is found in oranges and
other vegetables, which is good for blood vessels, teeth, healing, and the brain. Vitamin D and calcium is
great for healthy bones and can be found in milk. Iron is needed for the blood and is available in red meat,
poultry, fish, and leafy vegetables. These are just a few of the minerals and vitamins that keep a person
heathy.
Questions:
1) Why is it most important for children to d. All of the above
eat healthy?
a. Children are smaller than adults.
b. They play and run more often
c. Children like food better.
d. Children are constantly growing.
2) Which of the following food groups
includes beef, chicken, and eggs?
a. Protein
b. Grains
c. Dairy
d. Fruits
3) Which of the following two food groups
are needed slightly more than fruit and
protein?
a. Dairy and vegetables
b. Vegetables and grains
c. Dairy and grains
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4) Which of the following is the measure
of energy in food?
a. Nutrition
b. Calories
c. Values
d. Percent
5) What happens when more calories
are eaten than burned off?
a. Fat is stored
b. Fat is released
c. Fat is burned off
d. None of the above
6) Which of the following is good for
healthy bones?
a. Vitamin A
b. Iron
c. Vitamin D
d. Vitamin C

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2. Math the words with their meaning.
WORDS ANSWERS MEANING
1. nutrition a. In a small amount or degree
2. Growing b. An amount of something that is being kept for future use.
3. Slightly c. the substances that you take into your body as food and the
way that they influence your health.
4. Burn off d. Increasing in size or quantity
5. Stored e. Use fat by doing a lot of physical exercise

C. GRAMMAR

Superlative adverbs
Use the superlative for of adverbs to describe the strongest versions of certain actions.

Example: Juliet sang the most impressively of all the competitors.

Adverbs Superlative Adverbs

quietly The most quietly

slowly The most slowly

diplomatic The most diplomaticly

happily The most happily

carefully The most carefully

quick The most quickly

badly The worst

Exercises
1. Fill the blanks with the right superlative adverbs.

1. His ankles hurt ..……., but this knees hurt …………….

a.Bad, worst b. badly, worst c. worst, badly
2. it rains...............................At the beginning of the year.
a.Often b. most often c.badly
3. in our room, Joseph works by far ……………………

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 a.the hardest b. harder c. hard
4. you can contact me............................by email. Here´s my address.
a.easily b. most easily c. more easily
5. Although my team easily played.........................., they didn´t win the tournament.
a.Good b. goodly c. the best
6. in the math exam. Thomas did much.........................of all his classmates because he only got 26%.
a.the worst b. badly c. bad

2. Complete the table of the superlative adverbs.

Word Adverb Superlative
Happy happily The most happily
Fluently
The latest
Hard
The worst
healthily
Well
Much

3. Write some examples with the superlative adverbs below.

Happily carefully slowly quickly cheerfully

a. ……………………………………………………………………………………………….

b. ……………………………………………………………………………………………….

c. ……………………………………………………………………………………………….

d. ………………………………………………………………………………………………

e. ………………………………………………………………………………………………

D. SPEAKING

Work in pairs and discuss in class if it is important to have eating habits for practicing
any sports. Why yes? Or why not?

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 E. LISTENING

1. What kind of exercise does each person prefer now? Listen and check the correct picture a or b.
track 1B Free activities.

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 Emergency Health
UNIT Lesson
1 Emotional Health 1C

A. VOCABULARY – Mental diseases

1. Draw a line to match the word and the picture.

b
a

Depression

Optimism

c Stress
d

Mental wellness

Anxiety

e Self-esteem

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 B. READING

1. Read the text below about mental health. Then, write true or false.

World Mental Health Day

World Mental Health (WMH) Day was first celebrated in 1992. It was created to raise awareness of just
how common mental health issues are, fight against stigma and campaign for better conditions and
treatment for people who have a mental health problem. The number of people and organisations
involved in celebrating WMH Day has grown and grown, and now many countries, such as Australia,
actually have a Mental Health Week, which includes WMH Day on 10 October. Each year there is a
different theme. For example, in 2017 the theme was mental health in the workplace.
Mental health in the workplace
Employers should create an environment which supports good mental health. This also helps to reduce
the number of days employees take off work. Employers should help employees to achieve a good work–
life balance by encouraging them to take breaks and holidays and discouraging them from working at
home in the evenings and at weekends. Employees should also feel that they can talk to their managers
about any problems they might have, and employers should be supportive.
Get some exercise
Of course, we also need to look after our own mental health. Most people know that exercise is good for
your body, but did you also know how good it is for your mental health? Regular exercise can really help
you deal with anxiety and depression. Spending time in nature can also make people more relaxed and
reduce stress. So why not get your exercise by going for a walk in a park or the countryside?
Eat well
Your diet can also change your mood. If you eat crisps, cake, chocolate, etc., your blood sugar will rise
and fall, making you feel cross and tired. Make sure you are eating enough vegetables and fruit or you
may be missing some nutrients you need to feel good. It’s also important to drink enough water – being
thirsty can make it difficult to think clearly.
Spend time with family and friends
Everyone needs some time alone, but it’s also good for us to spend time with other people. If you feel
lonely, try volunteering. It’s a good way of meeting new people, and you will feel good for helping
others. One survey showed that 48 per cent of people who volunteered for more than two years said they
felt less depressed as a result. If you do have close friends and family, try talking to them more about how
you feel and asking them to support you. Every time someone speaks to someone else about mental
illness, it helps to reduce the stigma.

Statements:

a. People don’t often talk about mental health problems because they are not very common………
b. Australia doesn’t celebrate World Mental Health Day. …….
c. The writer thinks that working at home on evenings and weekends is not a good idea. …….
d. The writer believes that exercising outdoors may be better than exercising indoors. …….
e. Being alone is a need to everyone. …….

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 f. Being thirsty can´t make you think difficultly. ……
g. Volunteering could make you less depressed. ……

2. Math the next words with their synonym using a line.

Campaign break nature lonely

environment friendless movement recess

C. GRAMMAR

Had better
Use had better to give strong advice or to tell someone what to do in a specific
situation. After had better we need to use infinitive without to.

Examples: You had better go home because it is too much late.

You’d better not say a word about this.
Had we better leave a note for the delivery guy to take parcel next door?

“Had better” in the past doesn´t exist! It is

only used for the present and future

Exercises
1. Use the expression had better and verb in parenthesis to complete the examples below.

a. You........................................good shape by going to the gym instead of doing an extreme diet. (get)
b. You........................................because it will be worse for you. (not / cry)
c. Anthony...............................out loans because it is too much. (take)
d. They.........................................a cheaper hotel. (choose)
e. Josias......................................with her. (speak)
f. Everybody...............................recycling now because tomorrow will be too late. (start)
g. Sarah..........................................healthy instead of eating fried potatoes. (eat)
h. Mom.......................................stevia instead of sugar. (sweeten)

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 2. Answer the next questions using had better and give the reasons of each one.

a. Had you better speak with your couple about like and dislikes before getting married?
………………………………………………………………………………
b. Had you better be a serious person than funny?
………………………………………………………………………………
c. Had you better find a solution soon or wait for someone´s help?
………………………………………………………………………………
d. Had you better skip breakfast or not?
………………………………………………………………………………
e. Had you better be with family and friends or lonely?
………………………………………………………………………………
f. Had you better have mental or physical health?
………………………………………………………………………………

3. Practice “had better”, what strong advice would you give in the following situation?

a. Andy is very sick. ………………………………………………

b. You forgot your sister´s birthday. ………………………………………………
c. You need to go a medical appointment but
It is raining outside. ………………………………………………
d. Your friend wants to reunite with her
old boyfriend, but you remember that
their relationship was terrible. ………………………………………………
e. it is not time to eat yet because of your strict
diet but you are hungry. ………………………………………………
f. you fall into depression very often. …………………………………………………...

D. SPEAKING

Write a message answering the next questions:

Note: use Had
a. What do you think about mental health? better as much as
b. Had you better to enjoy more mental health than physical health? possible in your
c. What are some things that contribute to be a good behavioral health? answers.
d. Make a list of your different emotions and how you get over them.

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 E. LISTENING

Listen the audio and choose the best answer for each question. Track 1C Stress.
1. Which of the following is not a common
problem caused by stress? 4. Choose the best answer to explain how
a. Physical problems alcoholism is caused by stress.
b. Anecdotal problems a. Alcohol is used to relieve stress
c. Mental problems b. Alcohol is popular
d. Emotional problem c. Alcohol is a chemical

2. According to the essay, which of the 5. Which of the following is not caused by
following parts of the body does not long-term stress?
have physical problems caused by stress. a. Bloating
a. The arms b. Addiction
b. The stomach c. Anorexia
c. The lungs d. alcoholism
d. The heart

3. Which of the following can result 6. Symptoms of emotional stress include

from long-term stress? .
a. Bliss a. Feeling joyous
b. feint b. Feeling hungry
c. Alcoholism c. Feeling thirsty
d. Whimsy d. Feeling tired

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 UNIT
1

Emergency Health Lesson

1D
Health Disorders

A. VOCABULARY – Health problems

1. Look at the pictures and write the names below each one.

Asthma feverbroken leg cold cough earacheheadache heartburnsore

throatToothache runny nose measles chicken pox sprain

1 …………………………
2……………………………..

3 …………………………

4 ……………………

5 ………………….. 6 ……………………

7 .………………

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 2. Write the right letter to each meaning about health problems. There is an extra word.
Word Answers Meaning
1. Headache a. When the skin becomes red with inflammation as result of overexposure
to the ultraviolet rays of the sun.
2. Allergy b. A serious disease caused by an uncontrolled division or abnormal cells
that kill normal body cells.
3. Asthma c. An illness in which feaces are discharged from the bowels frequently and
in a liquid form.
4. cancer d. A lot of small red spots on the skin that are usually itchy.
5. Sunburn e. A respiratory condition where spasms in the lungs cause difficulty in
breathing.
6. Diarrhea f. A continuous pain in the head.
7. Rush g. -------------------
8. sprain h. A medical condition that causes you to react badly or feel sick when you
eat or touch a particular substance.

B. READING

1. Read the text below and write the right tittles in each paragraph.

1. How does the virus spread?

2. The symptoms of Coronavirus
3. The New Coronavirus

A. …………………………………………………………
At the end of 2019, a new type of coronavirus started spreading in China. This type of coronavirus is often
called 2019-nCoV, novel coronavirus, or COVID-19. It is believed that the virus was transmitted from
animals to humans. Some of the first cases were diagnosed in people who had visited a market selling live
seafood and animals. Unfortunately, when viruses are transmitted from animals to people, it can take
scientists a lot of time before they can develop a vaccine or medicines to cure it.
B. ………………………………………………………
Some of the symptoms of the coronavirus are fever, cough, runny nose, sore throat, headache, and trouble
breathing. These symptoms are very much like those people have with a cold or the flu. The virus can be
more serious in some people, especially if they are sick or have health problems. While it is early to have a
definite picture of the disease because scientists are still collecting the data, some patterns have already
emerged. Some early reports reveal that children seem to be getting coronavirus at much lower rates than
adults. Even if they get infected, the symptoms are milder. However, most people who get severely infected

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are those with a weak

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immune system, like the elderly. Coronavirus may be life-threatening for these people. They may develop
more serious respiratory tract illnesses that may be fatal.
C. ……………………………………………………
The virus appears to spread mainly from person to person. The transmission occurs when someone comes
into contact with an infected person. For example, a cough, sneeze or handshake could cause transmission.
The spread may also be caused by coming into contact with something an infected person has touched and
then touching your mouth, nose or eyes.

2. Read again and choose true or false.

a. Coronaviruses were discovered in The United States. True False

b. The source of the new coronavirus probably comes from animals. True False
c. Some of the symptoms are cough, runny nose, sprain, and sore throat. True False
d. Adults get infected more than children. True False
e. Modes of transmission of the coronavirus are cough, sneeze or handshake. True False

C. GRAMMAR

WARNING ADVICE

Had Better Should Ought to

Use: give stronger advice Use: give suggestions, opinions
Use: can use ought to
in a specific situation. and friendly advice. instead of should to give
advice or an opinion
Forms: Forms: Forms:
had better in + /- / ? Should in + /- / ? Ought to in + / - / ?
Example: you had better Example: you should apply for Example: you ought to be
not hit your sister. that job. with me.

After “had better, should, ought to” use the verb in infinitive form.

Exercises
1. Write sentences to give advice. Use the verb and the information in parenthesis.
a. What should you do if someone´s heart stops beating? (should)
……………………………………………………………………..
b. What should you do if someone is bleeding a lot? (should)
……………………………………………………………………..
c. What should you do if someone has a sprain? (ought to)
……………………………………………………………………..

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d. What should you do if someone is choking and can´t breathe? (had better)
……………………………………………………………………..
e. What should you do if someone has Covid-19? (ought to)
……………………………………………………………………..
f. What should you do if someone has a bee sting? (had better)
……………………………………………………………………..
2. Select the correct verb in each sentence.

a. You...........................to take him to the emergency room.

a. should b.ought c. had better
b.I put on a bandage?
a. should b.ought to c. had better
c. They...............................Hurst his injury.
a. shouldn’t b.oughtn´t c. hadn´t better
d. We..................................hurt him.
a. ought not b. ought not to c. oughtn´t to
e. You..................................do abdominal thrusts.
a.ought b. ought to c. should to
f.I call my parents or my friend?
a. should b. ought c. had better

3. Find the errors in each sentence and write the sentences correctly.

a. Thommy ought take him to the emergency room……………………………………….

b. Sira should to help people. ………………………………………….

c. Joseph has better to CPR. ………………………………………….

d. They should not to hurt themselves. ………………………………………….

e. Laura had not better put hot water on the burn. ………………………………….……

f. Ann ought to being with her husband ………………….……………………...

g. Should get on time you to work? ………………….……………………..

3
 D. LISTENING

1. People are describing how they feel. Listen and circle the problem you hear. Track 1D
Health Problems.
Person 1
Person 4
a. An upset stomach
a. A backache
b. The
b. A headache
flu Person 2
Person 5
a. A sore throat
a. An upset stomach
b. A
b. A sore throat
headache Person 3
Person 6
a. A toothache
a. A cold
b. A cold
b. A backache

E. WRITING AND SPEAKING

Create a poster about Coronavirus related to symptoms, preventions, warnings, signage, etc. then, each
student should present it in class.
Poster:

Can use resources such as:

3
 UNIT 1 Emergency Health Lesson 1E
Autonomous Work

A. VOCABULARY

1. Read carefully each word and match it with its meaning.

Word Answers Meaning
1. symptom a. A serious disease caused by an uncontrolled division or
abnormal cells that kill normal body cells.
2. anorexia b. A physical or mental feature which is regarded as indicating a
condition of disease, particularly such a feature that is apparent to the
patient.
3. addiction c. An uncomfortable feeling of nervousness or worry about something
that is happening.
4. Cancer d. easily annoyed and complaining
5. Self-esteem e. an inability to stop doing or using something, especially something
harmful.
6. anxiety f. a period of physical exercise.
7. Grumpy g. A serious mental illness in which a person doesn´t eat or eats too
little.
8. workouts h. Belief and confidence in your own ability and value.

B. READING

1. Read the texts below and identify the main idea of each one.

A B
Thereone
o need at least hasperson
been awho
lot of
youresearch
discusswhich shows
personal the importance
feelings of physical
with – called health in avoiding
‘self- disclosure’. anxietyfor
Just one person and depression. The
a heart-to-heart mind
is enoug

28
 C
I would recommend being completely immersed in a pleasurable activity, sometimes called experiencing ‘flow’. The activit

D
Make like Superman! Discover what your unique strengths and virtues are and then use them for a purpose which benefits o

Main ideas
a. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………

b. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………

c. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………

d. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………

2. Read the sentences and answer 'true' if the information can be found in the text, 'false' if the
information says the opposite to the text or 'not given' if the information cannot be found in the
text.

2
1. According to A, it isn’t difficult to
b. False
make changes to our everyday habits.
c. Not given
a. True
b. False
4. According to C, we should do activities
c. Not given
which are enjoyable but require some
effort.
a. True
2. B thinks that having a large group
b. False
of friends is a waste of time.
a. True c. Not given
b. False
c. Not given
5. C thinks that we should seek to develop
new skills.
3. B believes that you should spend large a. True
amounts of time with your close b. False
friends. c. Not given
a. True

3
 6. D believes we should prioritise improving our weak points.
a. True
b. False
c. Not given

C. GRAMMAR

1. Underline the correct comparative and superlative adverbs.

a. Cattle usually cross over the road. You should drive more careful / more carefully.
b. The children are playing quiet / quietly in the garden.
c. Life in some parts of the country is boring / more boring than that in other parts.
d. My old neighbor usually gets up more earlier / the most early of others.
e. An ox doesn´t plough weller / better than a buffalo.
f. Rural areas are common / commonly known as the countryside or a village.
g. Mike played better / best than any other player on the team.
h. Of all people I know, Jack runs faster / the fastest.
i. My clothes are dirty. I should wash them / ought to washing them.
j. I has better send / had better send an e-amil my boss right.
k. You´re driving too fast. You had better slow / had better slowing down

D. LISTENING

Listen carefully the audio and choose one option in each question about the interview. Track- 1E
interview.

1) Why did the woman not go to the party? 3) What does the woman say about the movie?
a. She was busy. a. It was boring.
b. She did not know about it. b. It was scary.
c. She was tired. c. It was fantastic.

2) What was the woman unhappy about? 4) What did she dislike about her hotel?
a. How she spoke a. The price
b. How she dressed b. The location
c. how she walked c. The palace

3
 UNIT 2
FANTASY

LEARNING OUTCOMES

Students will be able to:

1. Use would and wouldn´t to describe past actions.
2. Identify conditional types 1 and 2.
3. Talk about real and imaginary situations.

3
 UNIT FANTASY Lesson 2A
2
Old Habits

A. VOCABULARY – Past habits

1. Look at the pictures and match them with the phrases below.

1 2
3

Pray

4 5
Do cartwheels

Sit on the ground

Hide and seek

Win sprint race 7

6

Play marbles

Wear cartoon slippers

Become a rock star

3
 B. READING

1. Read the text below and then write true or

false. How was my life!
My name´s Thommy and I’m 16 years old. A few months ago, I had a terrible
motorcycle accident and since then I´ve been in this wheelchair. I had a truly
hard time trying to accept this situation. I used to spend many hours feeling
sorry for myself and not having obeyed my mom. Before this accident, I used
to play with my friends outside each afternoon but now I only watch them
from my bedroom window doing all the things I used to do with them. I used
to walk with my cousins to school, do cartwheels, and play marbles. Can I do
all these things now? No, I can´t. I want to do many things that make me
happy such as I would like to walk to school with my cousins full of laughter
and games. In addition, I would like to skateboard and do some extreme sports.
I would also like to win sprint races and get gold medals. In front of all this, I
have to believe in myself and be a strong young man.

True or False
a. It was easy for Thommy to get over the accident. …………
b. Thommy wasn’t an active boy. …………
c. Thommy would like to go back to his old life. …………
d. Thommy wouldn´t like go back to win sprint race. …………

2. Read again and answer the questions

a. Why is it difficult for Thommy to accept that he will be in a wheelchair?

………………………………………………………………………………
b. Do you agree with the warnings of his mother? Why?
………………………………………………………………………………
c. How would you feel if you were Thommy?
………………………………………………………………………………
d. Write the things that you did in the past when you were a child. Use the vocabulary
words to describe them.
………………………………………………………………………………

3
C. GRAMMAR

Would – wouldn’t

We use would to talk about activities we often did in the past.

Examples:
When we were children, our grandma would read us stories before bed.
Our ex-neighbor would often invite us for a picnic.
Would for making polite offers Would for conditionals
and requests Examples:
Examples: I wouldn´t do that if I were you.
Would you join us for dinner? I would have called you if I had had your
Would you mind closing the window? number.

Exercises
1. Fill the gaps with would or wouldn´t and the correct form of the verbs in brackets.

a. When I was a schoolgirl, I.................................(read) a book every morning.

b. My mom..................................(say) : “ the first one to get angry loses”
c. When I visited my grandma in the countryside. I.....................................(play) marbles with my
cousins.
d. If I were you, I..................................(not/ go out) with him.
e. …………… you mind.....................(turn) down the volume of the radio?
f. I..........................(not/say) anything If I were you.
g. Simon...........................(bike) to work almost every day.
h. When Liam lived in the countryside, He...............................(go) for a walk on a wooden bridge.

2. Read the sentences below and choose the correct option.

a. I know he would...................Famous one day.

a. to be b. be c. will
b. He said that he.................................me
a. would to help b. ´d help c. woulded
c. As children we would...............................together every day.
a. playing b. to play c. play
d. Nobody knew that one day Sarah…...........................rich
a.Will b. would to c. would be

3
 e. If you asked me......................................say you were crazy.
a. Would I b. I´d would c. I´d

3. Order the words to make new sentences.

a. She - an actress – do - what- to become – would?
……………………………………………………..
b. coffee – like – would- some - you?
……………………………………………………..
c. wouldn´t – if – wasn´t – for you – have come – I – it
……………………………………………………..
d. secretary – would – to work – as a - I - like
……………………………………………………..

D. WRITING AND SPEAKING

Make a poster of your past habits. Use the would/wouldn’t forms and the words from the vocabulary
section. Past habits. Share the poster with the whole class. Resources: https://canvas.apps.chrome/

3
E. LISTENING

Read carefully each question and choose the right option. Track 2A – Past habits

Conversation 1: On the farm she would …….

a. Ride horses b. get in trouble c. play with sheeps

Conversation 2: In the city he would ………….

a. waste money b. make a lot of noise c. walk barefoot

Conversation 2: In the city he would……………

a. go to cinema b. stay out of trouble c. people watch

Conversation 3: In the army She would not.....................much.

a. train b. sleep c. do diet

Conversation 3: In the army She would usually get.............hours

a. three b. six c. eight

3
 UNIT
2
FANTASY Lesson 2B
Fighters

A. VOCABULARY- Superheroes

1. Look at the pictures about the best superheroes and write the right names.
Superman Flash Human torch Elektra Invisible woman
Captain AmericaIronmanWonder womanRobin

3
1

……………………… ………………………………. …………………..……

4 6

……………………… ………………………………. …………………..……

7 8 9

3
……………………… ………………………………. …………………..……

3
 2. Read the next meaning of each superhero and write the right answer according to their
description.
Superheroes Answers Characteristics
1. Flash a. she has peek athletic abilities, martial arts skills, enhanced agility,
and a master assassin.
2. Ironman b. It can engulf his entire body in flames, fly, absorb fire harmlessly into
his own body, and control any nearby fire by sheer force of will.
3. Superman c. It possesses superspeed, which includes the ability to run, move and
think extremely fast.
4. Elektra d. She is a great model who can have as flight, superhuman strength,
and speed.
5. Wonder e. He couldn´t fly but he possesses the power to make great leaps in the
woman air and it becomes flight.
6. Human torch f. It possess a wealth of powers through his powered armor suit, which
includes super strength, ability to fly, durability, and a number of
weapons.

B. READING

1. Answer the next question

Do you think that Batman is a superhero or human? Why?
…………………………………………….
………………………..…………………..

2. Read the texts about Batman and Spiderman and choose the right character according
to their descriptions.

Batman
He’s completely human. His mission is fighting crime. His symbol is a
black bat. He wears a grey costume, a black mask, a black cloak and black
boots. He lives in the USA, in Gotham City. His real identity is Bruce
Wayne. Bruce is a charming billionaire who doesn’t need to work every
day. He’s very brilliant and can invent and use a variety of weapons and
tools for fighting crime. He can’t fly or see through walls, but he’s got
excellent acrobatic skills and is very strong and intelligent. He drives the
Bat-mobile, a very fast and sophisticated car. Here are some of his enemies:
Joker, Double Face, The Riddler, Catwoman, Mr Freeze and Poison Ivy. His
friends are Alfred, his old butler, and young Robin, an ex-circus performer who helps him in his missions.

4
 Superman
My name’s Superman, I’m an alien superhero. I come from planet
Krypton and live on the Earth. My secret identity’s Clark Kent. Clark is
a shy reporter who lives in the city of Metropolis and works for “The
Daily Planet”, the city’s newspaper. His human friends are his
colleagues Lois Lane and Jimmy Olsen. Lois is a journalist too and
Jimmy’s a photographer. I’ve got some superpowers: I can fly, I can see
through walls, I’m invulnerable to human weapons and I’m
extraordinarily fast and strong. My weakness is that I’m vulnerable to
green kryptonite, a mineral from my planet. My mission is fighting
crime and protecting
people, my enemies are criminals like Lex Luthor, a scientist. I don’t have a car (I can fly!) and I don’t
use any special weapons. I wear a blue and red costume with a red cloak and red boots. I don’t wear a
mask but my alter-ego Clark Kent wears glasses. Nobody can see that we are the same person and that’s
very strange! My symbol is a red “S”

Exercises
a. His real name is Clart Kent. Batman Superman
b. He is an alien. Batman Superman
c. His mission is fighting crime. Batman Superman
d. He lives in Gotham city of USA. Batman Superman
e. He doesn´t work because I am billionaire. Batman Superman
f. He has a big red “S” as a symbol. Batman Superman
g. Some of his enemies are Joker and Two face. Batman Superman
h. Flying, x-ray vision, speed invulnerability to
human weapons are my strengths Batman Superman
i. Human limits are my weakness. Batman Superman

C. GRAMMAR

Second Conditional

Use second conditional for imaginary situations, unreal situation,

hypothetical situation.

Structure:
If + past simple, would + infinitive verb + complement
Example:
If I went to USA this weekend, I would go shopping.
She would know the answer If she were there.

4
 Note: with the condition If always use verb to be “were”
If she were here, she wouldn’t do that.

Exercises
1. Write the verbs in brackets to complete the sentences with the second conditional.

a. If Linda ……………. here (be), I´m sure she.....................(help) us.

b. What ……… you ………. (do) if you.................(see) a ghost?
c. If I ………….. some money in the street (find), I.................(take) it to the police
d. Martin…………… (be) angry if someone.....................(take) his computer without permission.
e. Josefa ……………( not be) upset if you..............................(tell) her the truth.
f. If we……………… (not catch) the nine o’clock bus, we.....................(arrive) too late.

2. Read the sentences below and choose the right option.

a. If I knew how to solve these problems, I..............................it.

a. would do b.did c. would did
b. I ………….. learn Japanese if I..................the time to do it.
a. would -have b. would – had c. had – would
c. If I................................the exam, I would be very disappointed.
a. will fail b. would fail c. failed
d. If my husband ……………… a famous actor, He...................................a lot of money.
a.be -would earn b. were – would c. were – would earn
e. I would …………… it to the police immediately if someone............................my car.

a. report – be b. be – would be c. report – stole

3. Unscramble the sentences below using the second conditional.

a. rained – it - tomorrow, - wouldn´t – we - to the beach. - If – go

……………………………………………………………………
b. you´d – if- give up - you – didn´t - smoking, much better – feel – try to
……………………………………………………………………
c. next Friday - Our friends - really angry- if - to their party – be – would - didn´t – go – we
……………………………………………………………………
d. Forgive – I - were – would – him – if – you – I
……………………………………………………………………
4
4
 D. LISTENING

Listen carefully about superhero and answer true or false. Track 2B Superheroes.
1. His cousin´s new school is called Superhero High. True False
2. Mr. Kent is very strong. True False
3. The first class is 'How to get dressed and undressed
in a telephone box'. True False
4. the next class is” how to walk through walls” True False
5. Brad is holding three pens. True False
6. Her favourite class is “how to swim” True False

E. WRITING AND SPEAKING

Write a short text of 70 words about which superhero you identify with. You should also comment on
how would you like your favorite superhero to solve something in your life. Remember to use the
second conditional.

…………....………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………....………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………....………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………....………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………....………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………....………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………....………………………………………………………………………………………………………

4
UNIT
Fantasy
Lesson
Imagination
2 2C

A. VOCABULARY – Unreal situations

1. Match the words with the pictures below.

1 6

Ghost

2 7
Rich man

Hairy man

Ferrari

3 8
Northern light

Win lottery

Alien

4 Mansions
9

Film star

4
 2. Choose three words from the vocabulary list to write hypothetical situations with the use of
“would”
………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………

B. READING

1. Answer the next question about dreams. After that, make a brainstorm with your
classmates’ ideas.

What do you think about your dreams?

……………………………………………………………………..…………..
Are they just dreams? or Are they trying to tell you something?
……………………………………………………………………..…………..

Brainstorm

4
 2. Read the text below about dreams and answer true or false.

Are dreams just recycled thoughts?

Do dreams predict the future?
For hundreds of years, people have thought
gods or spirits communicate with us through
our dreams. Even today, many people can
remember a time when they saw an event,
place or person in their dream and then, later,
the dream came true in real life. But it’s
probably just a coincidence when a dream
event is followed by a real-life event that’s
similar to it, especially if the subject of the
dream is something that happens often in
everyday life. Most people have four to six
dreams every night after the age of ten. That’s
as many as 2,000 dreams per year. So, by the
time they reach 80 years old the average
person might have had 140,000 dreams. Even
if we forget 95–99 per cent of our dreams, we
will still remember a few thousand of them.
And, of course, we probably choose to forget
the thousands of times we dream about events
but they don’t happen.
Around the 18th and 19th centuries two main
ideas about dreams became popular. One was the
idea that the things we see in our dreams are
things our conscious mind is hiding from us.
However, the opposite idea said that while we’re
asleep, the brain organizes memories and events
from the day. Dreams are just a random
collection of these thoughts, but we try to make a
story from them when we wake up.
Are dreams messages from our brains?
But perhaps the truth about dreams lies
somewhere in the middle of these two ideas.
Dreams might be made from the thoughts we
have during the day, but they appear in dreams
with symbolic meaning. When we’re awake, we
mostly think in words, like we’re having
conversations with ourselves. But when we’re
asleep, the part of our brain that controls
language becomes less active, while the part
that controls feelings becomes more active. So,
maybe we experience our thoughts as feelings
and symbols instead of words with clear
meanings.

Statements:
a. We don’t know for sure if dreams mean something or not. True False
b. After 10 years old, people have between four and six dreams
every night. True False
c. Dreams speak to us in words and pictures. True False
d. You can’t learn much from dreams because they’re totally random. True False
e. It doesn’t matter what method you use to keep your dream diary. True False
f. The part of our brain that controls feelings is less active. True False

4
C. GRAMMAR

SECOND CONDITIONAL
Use it to talk about imaginary situations in the present or future.
Example: If I won a million dollars, I would buy a Ferrari.
x
Use it to talk about an improbable, impossible or hypothetical future situation and its consequ
Example: If I saw an alien, I would run fast.

Note:
the clause if never go with “would”
When use verb to be with the condition If, use
were for all personal pronouns.
Can use Could instead of would.

Exercises
1. Read each sentence and choose the right option.
a. If I …………… the lottery, I.........................buy a big house
a.win -will b. won-will c- won- could
b. I ………… call him if I.............his number.
a. could – have b. could – having c. could – had
c. If I ………… more free time, I´d..................more.
a.had – travel b. would have – travelled c. could have- travel
d. What ……………. You ……….. if you.....................rich?
a. would, do – was b. would – could c. would, do - were
e. If I were the president, I..........................taxes.
a.´d could lower b. ´d lower c. could lowered

2. Complete the other halves of the sentences with the second conditional structure.
a. If I had a better salary, ………………………………………………………………
a. If I were the major of my city, ……………………………………………………..

4
 c. I ´d buy a mansion …………………………………………………………………….
d. I could get a better job …………………………………………………………….….
e. If I saw a hairy man ,…………………………………………………………………..
f. I would travel to Northern Lights ……………………………………………….…..

3. Answer the following questions in the same box using the second conditional.

a. Which holiday would you like to celebrate

b. What twice
wouldayou
yeardoif it
if was
you possible?
appeared
c. What
on a strangeisland
would you do suddenly?
if you fell in l

e. What would you ask for if you had a wish?

d. What would you think if you saw an alien spaceship in your garden?

D. SPEAKING

Discuss what are all those things would you do if you became a millionaire? Share your own ideas with
your teacher and classmates. Remember to use the second conditional.

4
 E. LISTENING
Listen carefully the following audio and complete the sentences below
with the right words of the box. Track 2C- Imaginary
look for - would – keep - money – sidewalk - fifty

Number 1:
A: What ………………… you do, if you found some ………………... on the..................................?
B: I would ……………... it if it was a small amount but if It was more than....................$ I would
……………. the person who dropped it.
Nothing - money – Friend- return - Dear
Number 2:
Noah, my ……………. ………………….! What would you do, if a friend borrowed...................., and
forgot to…...................it?
If a friend borrowed money and forgot to return it, I would say...................................but I would never lend
them money again.
Would - didn´t -expensive - Problem – gave
Number 3:
Lucas, can you help me with a ………………. What would you do, if someone...................you an expensive
gift, and you..................like it?
Well, If someone gave me an.....................gift and I didn’t like it, I would explain that it wasn’t the gift for
me, and I.......................return it.
Everything- Do - Phone-
Number 4:
Gianna, you use your ………………. a lot. What would you.......................if you lost it ? If I lost my mobile
phone, I would freak out! I use it for ………………………

Awful -could - Broke - repaired

Number 5
What would you do if someone...................your notebook computer?
How …………….! If someone broke my notebook, I would say “Oh my God! How…..............you do that?
You have to get it...........................immediately”.
Family- Want – would- dream - friends

Number 6
Mila, you ……….. to be a manager right? What would you do if you got your....................job?
Oh wow! If I got my dream job, I …………..be so happy I’d have a big party for my......................and
……………...

5
 Fantasy
UNIT Lesson
2 Imagination 2D

A. READING

1. Answer the next question: Do you think that Robots were the best creation? Why yes? Why
not?
………………………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………………………….

2. Read the text about ancient robots, and for questions 1 to 8, put a check to complete
each statement.
Ancient robots
What do you think of when you read the word ‘robot’? Many people think about big machines in car
factories or futuristic monsters in films. Few of us think about the past. But people were building incredible
machines with human abilities hundreds of years ago!
For example, Egyptian texts from 1100 BC mention moving statues
which ‘chose’ the next king. None of these statues exists, but
probably they were built using the ancient Egyptians’ mechanical
technology. Another ancient robot was a big robotic arm called
“The Claw”. The ancient Greek writer Polybius wrote about it in
213 BC. It was built during a war with the Romans, and it hung over
the city wall towards the sea. When a Roman ship came close, the
arm picked up the front of the ship and lifted it into the air. Then the
boat fell backwards into the sea and sank. Again, we don’t know if
the machine was really built, but it was possible with Ancient Greek
technology.
Another ancient Greek inventor, Philon of Byzantium, built a
female robot at about the same time. If someone placed a cup in her
hand, it mixed water and wine to make a drink. But the robot wasn’t
popular because people didn’t need robots to work. They had lots of
slaves. The famous artist Leonardo da Vinci loved designing robots.
Few of his ideas were built, but his plans are very detailed. One
modern-day
robot engineer, Mark Rosheim, still uses them to get ideas when designing robots for NASA! One of da
Vinci’s robots was a lion. He built it for the king of France in 1515. It could walk and present flowers! In
2009, engineers used the plans to build it again. It worked perfectly.
After that, more and more mechanical robots were built. They did more and more difficult tasks, such as
playing the flute, writing and drawing a picture. Although modern technology has moved on, these historical

5
robots still amaze people today

5
Exercise
Criteria a. Ancient b. The Claw c. Philon of d. Mark e. Leonardo da f. None of
Egyptian Byzantium’s Rosheim’s Vinci’s lion these robots-
Statues robot robot
1. People
used …….
against
their
enemies.
2. Some
people
built….
again
recently.
3. ……
use(s)
ideas from
hundreds
of years
ago.
4. ……could
make
drinks for
people.
5. People didn
´t need
….
Because
they had
forced
workers.
6. ……..
could play
a musical
instrument.
7. ……..
was/were
made as
gift for an
important
person.
8. People
used …….
when they
needed a
new king.

5
3. Look at the pictures of different kind of robots and write their names.

1 2 Micro robot
The Claw robot
Philon of Byzantium robot
Eve the angel robot
Lion robot
Cyborg robot
Personal assistant robot

…………………………….. .…………………………

3 4

…………………………………. ……………………………..

5 6 7

..…………………………. . ………………………….. …………………………..

5
 B. VOCABULARY – Robots

1. Read the words of the box and complete the statements below with the right one.

technological robot flute mechanical robot factories slaves sank

a. is a physical tool that is controlled by users or external automation to

carry out complex task or tasks.
b. means when something or someone go down below the surface or to
the bottom of a liquid or soft substance.
c. is when it is programmable by a computer to perform different complex
tasks.
d. is a tube – shaped musical instrument with a row of holes along its
side that are covered by the fingers.
e. who is illegally owned by someone else and has to work for that person.
f. is a building or set of buildings where large amounts of goods are
made using machines.

C. GRAMMAR

Conditional type 1 Conditional type 2

Use: Use:
It refers
it refers a true statement, and I believe it could really an unreal situation or impossible to happen.
happen.
Structure: Structure:
if + present simple, / will + infinitive verb If + past simple, / would + infinitive verb
Example: Example:
If I have time, I will call you. If I won the lottery, I would buy an elegant house near th

5
 Exercises
1. Complete the following sentences with conditional type 1 or type 2.

a. If Sarah cooks dinner tonight, …………………………………………………..……

b. If you were an animal, ………………………………………………………….……..

c. If the baby misses his nap, …………………………………………………………….

d. If you had enough money, ……………………………………………….……………

e. If your teacher finishes grading the quiz tonight, ……………………………………..

f. If you were a film star, ………….……………………………………..………………

2. Read each statement and write the right verb to use.

a. If Thomas liked sushi, he …… to the new Japanese restaurant.

a. goes b. will go c. would go d. go
b. I..................you immediately if I see anything new.
a. will tell b. would tell c. tell d. tell
c. If my friend.....................in 10 minutes, I´ll pick up him.
a.do arrive b. doesn´t arrive c. arrives d. will arrive
d. If I ……….. enough money, I........................give it to poor people.
a. have – would b. had-´ll c. had - ´d c. could - ´d
e. I ´ll................all my meals at home if I have more free time.
a. will b. had- ´d c. cook d. ´d cook

3. Answer the next questions with the use of conditional 1 or 2.

a. What would you do if you were a president of your country?

…………………………………………………………………..

b. What would you do if you ran out of fuel during the trip?

………………………………………………………………….

c. What will you do If you see a rat in your house?

………………………………………………………………….

d. If you were an animal, what kind of animal would you be?

…………………………………………………………………

5
 e. Where will you go if you want to live?

…………………………………………………………………

f. If you saw a ghost, what would you do?

…………………………………………………………………

g. If you had a robot, which robot would you like?

………………………………………………………………..

D. LISTENING

1. Listen to the recording and choose a, b, or c. Track 2D -Robots

a. Robots belonged to.............................a long time ago.

a. comedy b. cartoons c. science fiction
b. Children.....................looking at movies with robots.
a. loved b. hated c. didn´t like
c. Robots can......................the floor,
a. swep b. vacuum c. spill
d. In Japan, Robots help................to keep their company.
a. young people b. children c. old people
e.will take over the world.
a. robots b. McDonalds c. Human apart

E. WRITING AND SPEAKING

Write a short text of 80 words about what kind of robots would you like to have? What things would
you like robots do for you? Share your ideas in class.

…………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………….

5
UNIT
2

Fantasy Lesson
2E
Autonomous Work
A. VOCABULARY

1. Find the missing words in the soup letter.

Animal
Batman
Billionaire
Dreams
Elektra
Feeling
Ferrari
Fighters
Flute
Hairy man
Human
Mansion
Robot
Slaves
Technological
wheelchairs

2. Choose four words of the soup letter and write sentences using the first or second conditional.

……………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………….

5
……………………………………………………………………………….

5
 B. READING

3. Read the text about Robots teachers and choose a, b, or c.

If you think of the job’s robots could never do, you
would probably put doctors and teachers at the top of
the list. It's easy to imagine robot cleaners and factory
workers, but some jobs need human connection and
creativity. But are we underestimating what robots
can do? In some cases, they already perform better
than doctors at diagnosing illness. Also, some
patients might feel more comfortable sharing
personal information with a machine than a person.
Could there be a place for robots in education after
all?
British education expert Anthony Seldon thinks so. And he even has a date for the robot takeover of the
classroom: 2027. He predicts robots will do the main job of transferring information and teachers will be
like assistants. Intelligent robots will read students' faces, movements and maybe even brain signals. Then
they will adapt the information to each student. It's not a popular opinion and it's unlikely robots will ever
have empathy and the ability to really connect with humans like another human can. One thing is certain,
though. A robot teacher is better than no teacher at all. In some parts of the world, there aren't enough
teachers and 9–16 per cent of children under the age of 14 don't go to school. That problem could be
partly solved by robots because they can teach anywhere and won't get stressed, or tired, or move
somewhere for an easier, higher-paid job.
Those negative aspects of teaching are something everyone agrees on. Teachers all over the world are
leaving because it is a difficult job and they feel overworked. Perhaps the question is not 'Will robots
replace teachers?' but 'How can robots help teachers?' Office workers can use software to do things like
organize and answer emails, arrange meetings and update calendars. Teachers waste a lot of time doing
non-teaching work, including more than 11 hours a week marking homework. If robots could cut the time
teachers spend marking homework and writing reports, teachers would have more time and energy for the
parts of the job humans do best.

Choose the best answer of the six questions:

1. It´s easy to think robots … 3. Robots will probably never …
a. Will replace people even if we don´t like a. have human understanding of emotions.
the idea. b. be a popular choice for teachers.
b. Are more capable than people and it´s true. c. be intelligent enough to work in education.
c. Can do less plan people but it´s not
always true.
4. Some parts of the world ...
a. pay robots to teach.
2. Anthony Seldon thinks teachers in b. already use robots in teaching jobs.
the future will … c. have a shortage of teachers.
a. help robots in class.
b. teach knowledge to students.
c. no longer exist.
6
5. Teachers … 6. Robots could …
a. work harder than office workers. a. empathize with students.
b. have less help than office workers. b. mark homework.
c. leave their jobs to become office workers. c. prepare lessons.

C. GRAMMAR

4. Choose the correct answers.

1. If Sarah likes skiing,................water skiing.

a.you love b. you´ll love c. you ´d love
2. He wouldn´t eat tacos if Ethan..........them.
a. didn’t like b. likes c. ‘ll like
3. If Thomas..............first prize, I´ll buy him a present.
a. He’ll win b. wins c. ‘d win
4. Would you work in Australia if you win a ticket flight there?
a. Yes, I’d would b. Yes, I will do c. Yez, I would.
5. If I..............you, I would buy a big boat.
a.was b. were c. ´ll be
6. Erick...........all the files if he had the time.

a. would upload b. ´will upload c. uploaded

5. Complete the following halves of sentences with the second conditional.

CONDITIONS RESULTS
a. If the weather was not so bad,
b. The major would give a turkey for everyone.
c. If you really loved me,
d. I would not be so tired.
e. If I were a plant,
f. I would live near the beach.
g. If he called me,

6
D. LISTENING

6. Listen carefully the next audio. Fill the blanks with the right word you hear. Track 2E. Robots
1. Japanese ……………
2. Look,....................and act like human.
3. The.....................of the Japanese word for child and adult.
4. an imaginary.......................in Tokyo
5. ………….. would really read the......................on television.
6. Robots are big............................in Japan
7. Japanese people think they are ……………….. and …………
8. Robots will take over ………….
9. Robots are now becoming ……………………….

E. WRITING

7. Watch the video below. What do you think about robot teachers?

Link: https://youtu.be/ZQrKFAAlxO4

Write a 120-150 essay about the following thesis: Do you think that robot teachers would completely
replace human teachers?
If so, defend your thesis explaining the advantages and disadvantages of having Robot teachers and
what teacher´s tasks they could do. Remember to use the second conditional.
Advantages Disadvantages

6
 UNIT 3
ONLINE COMMUNITY

LEARNING OUTCOMES

Students will be able to:

1. Identify the use of shall and should to give opinions.
2. Describe an action rather than the doer of the action.
3. Talk about safety online using indefinitive pronouns.

6
 UNIT
3

Online Community Lesson 3A

Online crime

A. VOCABULARY – Cybercrime

1. Look at the following pictures and write the names to each one.

Phishingpasswordsclick fraudbotnetmass spamming criminal techsweatshopselectronic transfers

1 2 3

…………………………… …………………………. …………………………….

4 5 6

…………………………… …………………………. …………………………….

7 8

6
…………………………… ………………………….

6
2. Choose three words of the vocabulary and write sentences.

a. ………………………………………………………………………………..…

b. …………………………………………………………………………………..

c. …………………………………………………………………………………...

B. READING

1. Read the text below and answer the following questions:

Cybercrime has become a multi-billion-pound,
international criminal, industry including unsolicited
email "phishing" campaigns to con people out of
financial details and passwords. In the age-old contest
of good guys against bad guys, each side inspires the
other to ever greater levels of sophistication. And as
viruses evolve, taking root on everything from digital
cameras to USB memory sticks, simply securing a
corporate network may no longer be enough.
A key tool for the cyber-criminal is the botnet – a
large number of computers that are recruited by a
virus and can then be controlled from one place,
often without
their owner's knowledge. Botnets can include tens of thousands of individual PCs, and have a lot of
different types of uses, including mass spamming, propagating yet more viruses, and crashing websites
by bombarding them with visitors. The current estimate is that there are 175 million infected computers
live on the internet today. And cybercrime is worth billions of dollars. But scams are so diverse, and the
techniques are evolving so quickly, that it is almost impossible to estimate the true scale of the problem.
In value terms, the biggest scam at the moment is "click fraud", where certain websites that are being paid
by advertisers on a per-click basis use botnets to bombard the advertiser's site with apparent interest.
Second is good, old-fashioned, fraud using credit-card details, online accounts or electronic transfers
based on information stolen either from individuals' computers or from insecure company databases.
Third is extortion - often against gambling sites just before major sporting events - where botnets are used
to prove the site can be knocked down unless payment is received.
The criminals' techniques are continually developing. This month, for example, saw the first botnet
involving both humans and machines. To bypass security measures in signing up free email accounts, a
criminal group set up a high-tech sweatshop in India to process the part of the application that cannot be
done automatically.

6
Questions:
a. Why will it not be enough to protect a corporate network today?
……………………………………………………………………
b. What is the botnet?
……………………………………………………………………
c. What are the different uses of the botnet?
……………………………………………………………………
d. What are the three types of cyber scams? Explain each one how work.
…………………………………………………………………..
e. What is the purpose of setting up a high-tech sweatshop in India?
……………………………………………………………………

C. GRAMMAR

SHALL
“Shall” is a modal auxiliary of “will”
It is used to make predictions about the
future. Ex:
I thought I shall be joining my mom.
Shall is used to show determination.
Ex:
Sully shall meet her deadline.
Shall is used to show the uncertain of
an action. Ex:
I shall start my paper tomorrow.
Shall is used to make suggestions. Ex:
He shall run the marathon.
WILL
Will can be used to make polite
suggestions.
Will is used to make polite requests. Ex:
Will you help me with my homework?
Will is used to make predictions and
give advice. Ex:
I will fly to Europe next year.
Will is used to talk about what one
wants or promises. Ex:
I will always love you.
Will is used to express willingness. Ex:
I will take you to the airport.

Shall is used to make promises

voluntarily. Ex:
I shall buy a new laptop for my friend’s
birthday.

Note: Although Shall and Will has the same meaning, Shall
sound more formal than Will.

6
Exercises
1. Fill the blanks with the use of Shall. Use the verbs in parenthesis.

a. ………. I...................the window? (open)

b. ………. She ……… lunch now? (have)

c. Great!.............I … too? (go)

d. What time ……. Thomas..............you? (call)

e. Joseph..............................his own hours. (choose)

2. Fill the blanks with the use of Will. Use the verbs in parenthesis.

a. ….. it …… tomorrow? (rain)

b. My mum.........................dinner. (cook)

c. ………… you....................bring me a pen?

d. I.....................a birthday’s party tonight. (have)

e. Julian ……… always..................you. (love)

3. Select the sentences with Shall or Will.

a. A:I am thirsty. B:...................drink some water with ice.

1. I’ll
2. Shall I
3. Shall we
b. I hope.......see you again one day.
1. I’ll
2. Shall I
3. Shall we
c. A:..............go to a restaurant tonight? B: Yes, that is a great idea.
1. I’ll
2. Shall I
3. Shall we
d. I don’t think…...........go out this weekend. I am really busy.
1. I’ll
2. Shall I
3. Shall we
e. A: ……. Have a barbecue on Saturday? B: that’s an excellent idea! Who shall we invite?
1. I’ll
2. Shall I
3. Shall we
6
 D. LISTENING

Listen carefully the following audio, then, correct the spelling and write below the right word. Track
3A – cybercrime.
I don’t think (1)eppeol understand cyber-crime. It’s only just started. In the future, it’s going to be a huge (2)
rpemlbo. There have already been a few amazing examples. A few years ago, the whole Internet in Latvia was
(3) cadkteta by another country. Cyberspace has become a new battleground. Countries spy on each other. If
there’s a war, it’s possible one country could attack the other country’s Internet. This would mean all
communication, (4) ntotrpras, etc would stop. It would cause huge damage to hospitals and other important
(5) nidsgbilu. But cyber-crime is (6) ghipannep today to ordinary people. Have you ever heard of phishing?
That’s with a ‘ph’ not ‘f’. You really need to be very (7) relacfu about what information you put (8) leoinn.

1……………………….
4………………………. 7……………………….
2……………………….
5………………………. 8……………………….
3……………………….
6……………………….

E. WRITING AND SPEAKING

How much do you know about cybercrime? Interview three classmates and complete the chart below.
After that, report it in class.

Questions Classmate 1 Classmate 2 Classmate 3

……………………….. …………………….. ……………………
Q1: Have you heard
about cybercrime?
Q2: Where can you
report ATM fraud?
Q3: What would you do
if a fake Facebook
profile has been made?
Q4: Can whatsapp be
hacked?
Q5: Do you use simple
digit or special symbols
to make strong
passwords?

6
 Online Community
UNIT Lesson
3 Phishing Attacks 3B
A. VOCABULARY- Phishing website

1. Look at the pictures and match them with the phrases below.

1 2

Website phishing

Weaponization technical
3 4
Deceptive phishing

Hackers’ website

Spear phishing

7
B. READING

1. Match the following words with their right meanings.

Words Answers Meanings
1. masquerades a. it is a clickable link embedded within the content of an email with
the purpose of compromising the recipient of that email.
2. phishing b. an object that is made to look real or valuable in order to deceive
people.
3. Malicious c. Behavior that is intended to prevent the truth about something
link unpleasant.
4. Scammers d. An attempt to trick someone into giving information over the
internet that would allow someone else to take money from them.
5. Fake e. someone who makes money using illegal methods, especially by
tricking people.

2. Read the text below and write true or

false. Phishing
Phishing is a fraudulent practice in which an attacker
masquerades as a reputable entity or person in an email or other
form of communication. Attackers commonly use phishing
emails to distribute malicious links or attachments that can
extract login credentials, account numbers and other personal
information from victims.
Deceptive phishing is a popular cybercrime, as it's far easier to
trick someone into clicking on a malicious link in a seemingly
legitimate phishing email than it is to break through a computer's
defenses. Learning more about phishing is important to help
users detect and prevent it.
Know a phishing URL
To learn how to identify phishing URLs, you need to check the authenticity of the web address. If it starts
with ‘http://’ instead of ‘https://,’ be cautious. The additional ‘S’ means that the website is encrypted and
secured with an SSL certificate. An SSL certificate is like a code that promotes extra security for online
communications.
However, nowadays, phishers have also started to use ‘https://,’ so this aspect isn’t a foolproof sign.
Some of the other ways to check for phishing links is to note closely: Whether the spelling is correct.
Usually, fake websites have an extra letter ‘S’ or ‘A’ in the spelling. For example, www.walmarts.com or
www.flipkaart.com. If ‘O’ has been replaced with ‘0’ (zero). For example, “www.yah00.com.”
If the URL has extra or missing characters or symbols. For example, a legitimate URL is www.coca-
cola.com (with a hyphen), but the fake one can be www.cocacola.com (without a hyphen). There are free
tools like our Phishing URL Checker that uses advanced machine learning to identify such discrepancies.

7
How to Report a Phishing Website
Now that you have a fair understanding of how to know if a link is a phishing URL, you should also learn
the simple way to report a phishing website. The global pandemic, series of lockdowns, and rising
unemployment have added to scammers’ numbers. Google reported an average of 46,000 new phishing
websites every week in 2020. If you come across any such suspicious websites, go to Google’s Report
Phishing page. Simply paste the URL and add any additional information.

Exercise
a. Attackers usually use fraud emails to distribute friendly links. True False
b. To rob information is easier than to break a computer’s defenses
c. than to send phishing e-amil. True False
d. Reliable URL start with http:// instead of https:// True False
e. www.walmarts.com is a phishing website. True False
f. www.yahoo.com is a phishing website. True False
g. Google’s Report Phishing page is a way of reporting suspicious websites. True False

C. GRAMMAR

SHALL SHOULD

Use Shall for expressing Use should for expressing

● Suggestions ● Obligation
● Advice ● Probability
● Offers ● Advice
● Opinions

Note: Shall is more used in written Note: Should is more common than Shall.
expression, in oral expression it sounds
outdated.
Examples: Examples:
Shall we invite them? You should stop smoking.
The client shall make timely payments, or be Should I dye my hear blonde?
charged penalties. I should have given my parents a call over the
Kids shall not enter this room. weekend.
Where is Simon? He should have finished his
homework by now

Exercises
1. Comple the following sentences with Should. Use the verbs in parentheses.

a. People..........................phishing emails. (avoid)

7
b. People...........................careful with the arrival of email in their inbox. (be)

c. ………….. Everybody......................attentive to the warning sings about spear phishing? (stay)

d. Sophie.........................them as an informal ambassador. (not - serve)

e. …………. the company...................a new director of marketing? (hire)

2. Form sentences with the next clue words using Shall.

a. I - Post – it- tomorrow. …………………………………………………………………

b. Sarah – have – to be – at the airport – by 3am. …………………………………………

c. Anyone - report – phishing attack. ………………………………………………………

d. Freddy – become – merchant navy. ……………………………………………………..

e. The sweatshop – hire -many teenagers - from january. ………………………………..

3. Write sentences with the words of the vocabulary about phishing websites.

Website phishingWeaponization technicalDeceptive phishing Hackers’ websiteSpear phishing

a. ………………………………………………………………………………………..

b. ………………………………………………………………………………………..

c. ………………………………………………………………………………………..

d. ………………………………………………………………………………………..

e. ………………………………………………………………………………………..

7
 D. WRITING AND SPEAKING

Search about the 10 top phishing attacks and describe three of them from the most dangerous to the
less common. Share it in class.

Most dangerous Less common

E. LISTENING

Watch a video about spotting a phishing email and then, choose true or false.

https://youtu.be/o0btqyGWIQw
a. Phishing email is easy to detective it. True False
b. Scam emails often have bad formatting like grammar error. True False
c. Documents, invoice, report or receipt are often infected attachments. True False
d. Cyber criminals are those who easily ask for information and then rob data. True false
e. Phishing often sends advertisements with a hovering cursor over
a sender’s name. True False
f. Today is really hard to use anti-phishing filters by organisations. True False

7
 UNIT
3

Online Community Lesson 3C

Favorite Social Networks

A. VOCABULARY: Social Networking

1. Look at the pictures and identify them with the right names.

1 2 3 4
……………… ……………… ……………… ………………

Facebook
YouTube
WhatsApp
Instagram
5 6 7 Tik Tok
……………… ……………… ………………
Sina Weibo
Twitch
Kuaishou
QQ
Telegram
Snapchat
Kuaishou
Twitter
Discord
Signal
8 9 WeChat
……………… ……………… 10
………………

7 15
 12 13 14
11 ……………
……………… ……………… .. …………… ……………

7
 2. Answer the next questions about

Which of the following social networking are more used?

………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

B. READING

1. Read the texts of Limei, Steve, Molly and Yuki. After that, complete the sentences.

LIMEI STEVE
I spend hours on Weibo every day and follow some of my favorite
Socialcelebrities.
networkingI sites
love are
chatting with
ruining ourmy friends,
lives. so Ithat
I know usemight
QQ qus

MOLLY
I live in Hong Kong and, for me, social networking sites are my lifeline to the outside world. Facebook allows me
Exercise:
a. uses social networking sites to stay in touch with his/ her family.
b. uses more than one social networking site.
c. sometimes feels ill from using his/her devices.
d. mentions a situation he/she saw which surprised him/her.
e. doesn´t want to use social networking sites but he/she does.
f. thinks social networking sites are completely negative.

2. Read the text again and choose a, b, or c.

a. Limei text. Line 4, stay in touch means 2. b not knowing how to use.
… 3. c not able to stop using.
1. Communicating with people you know d. Steve text, line 14, hooked means …
2. Make new friends 1. Being too close to.
3. Meet new people 2. Not knowing how to use.
3. Not able to stop using.

b. Limei text. Line 8, another way of

saying photos is …………… e. Yuki text, line 3, pretty tricky means …
1. Not difficult
c. In line 16, hooked to means … 2. Not possible
1. a being too close to. 3. Not easy

C. GRAMMAR

Passive Voice

Means: It emphasizes more who or what receives the action than who or what performs the
action.
Passive voice with modal verbs

The main verb describes the action but modals help to improve the sentence by
communicating much more than the main verb alone.
Structure:
Object+ modal verbs + be + past participle of main verb (affirmative sentence)
Object+ modal verbs + NOT + be + past participle of main verb (negative sentence)

List of Modal Verbs

can, could, may, might, will, would, must, shall, should, ought to.

Examples:
Active Voice vs Passive Voice

● Anybody should not cut down the trees.  Trees should not be cut down.
● Drivers must not use phones while driving.  Phones must not be used while driving.

7
Exercises:
1. Rewrite the following sentences into passive voice.

a. AV: you may use whatsapp application quickly.

PV: ………………………………………………………………..

b. AV: Thomas must upload the video to you tube of his competition.
PV: ………………………………………………………………..

c. AV: the director should not close his social networks.

PV: ………………………………………………………………..

d. AV: the children can watch videos through signal application.

PV: ……………………………………………………………….

e. AV: Julian may create other social networks in 2028.

PV: ……………………………………………………………….

2. Match the phrases to make a sentence in passive voice.

1. The road has been closed…

a. to deliver packages of pizza.

2. Houses can be built… b. because of the accidents.

3. The Antique vehicles… c. by the airline.

4. Energy could be conserved… d. from recycled materials.

5. Drones can be used… e. can be sold to rich people.

6. The suitcase may be lost … f. if we turn off lights, we don´t need.

7
 3. Identify the errors in the sentences below putting a cross over the word and correct them.
a. The telephone can used every moment. …………………………………………………..
b. The streets shall be clean every day. ………………………………………………….
c. During the test ought be suspended the
use of cellphone. ………………………………………………….
d. My photos could be took better with the
Instagram application. ………………………………………………….
e. New workers will been hired next year by
Coca-Cola Company. ………………………………………………….

D. SPEAKING

Describe at least three social networks that you use the most and share it in class.

E. LISTENING

Listen carefully the audio and correct the spelling in the space below. Track 3C: Social networks.

What is the big (1) aeld with social networking? I don’t understand it. I (2) wonk a lot about computers. I
spend a long time every day on (3) eromtscup. I also have a lot of friends. But I don’t see the point of
social networks. I joined (4) oeaokbf but couldn’t be bothered to make my profile. I can’t see a single use
of this site. Most of what I’ve heard about it isn’t so good. Putting too much (5) solanrep information on
this site isn’t a wise idea. I’ve also (6) enxeiredtepm with Twitter, but again, I don’t really see what use
it has. I suppose it’s good to tell the (7) rwdol what’s happening in countries that take away people’s (8)
dmoerfe. My idea of social networking is meeting people face to face and talking to them.

1 …………………….. 4 …………………….. 7 ……………………..

2 …………………….. 5 …………………….. 8 ……………………..

3 …………………….. 6 ……………………..

7
UNIT 3

Online Community Lesson 3D

Personal Data Protection

A. VOCABULARY- Safety online

1. Match the following words with the right picture.

Download Attachment
NetworkSearch engine Web browserOffline Spam folderupload
Online Password

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 B. READING

1. Read the text and complete it with the right words below.
Twenty (1) ………. ago, kids in school had never even heard of the internet. Now, I'll bet you can't find a
single person in your school who hasn't at least heard of it. In fact, many of us use it on a regular basis and
even have access to it from our homes! The 'net' in (2) ……….. really stands for network. A (3)...................is
two or more computers connected together so that information can be (4).................or sent from one computer
to another. The internet is a vast resource for all types of information. You may enjoy using it to do research
for a school project, downloading your favorite songs or communicating with friends and family. Information
is accessed through web pages that companies, organizations and individuals create and post. It's kind of like
a giant bulletin board that the whole world uses! But since anyone can put anything on the internet, you also
have to be careful and use your best judgement and a little common sense.
Just because you read something on a piece of paper someone sticks on a bulletin board doesn't mean it's
good information, or even correct, for that matter. So, you have to be sure that whoever posted the (5)
………………
knows what they're talking about, especially if you're doing (6).....................! But what if you're just emailing
people? You still have to be very careful. If you've never met the person that you're communicating with
online, you could be on dangerous ground! You should never give out any personal information to someone
you don't know, not even your name! And just like you can't (7)..........the information on every website out
there, you can't rely on what strangers you 'meet' on the (8) ……………tell you either. Just like you could
make up things about yourself to tell someone, someone else could do the same to you!
1. Space 1: …….
5. Space 5: ……
a. Years
a. Bulletin board
b. Hours
b. Internet
c. Weeks
c. Information
d. Days
d. Stamp
2. Space 2: ….. 6. Space 6: ……
a. Fishnet a. Research
b. Internet b. Lunch
c. netwokk c. Recess
d. netting d. Sports

3. Space 3: …..
a. Internet 7. Space 7: ….
b. Computer a. Read
c. Network b. Find
d. Firework c. Understand
d. Believe

4. Space 4: ……. 8. Space 8: ……

a. Hidden a. Internet
b. Lost b. Zoom
c. Created c. Google meet
d. Shared d. browse

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C. GRAMMAR

Indefinite Pronouns

everybody, everything, everywhere/ anyone, anything, anywhere/ somebody, something, somewhere

One and body refer to Thing refers to things Where occasionally

people refers to places.
Every – indicates all of Tell everyone I said hi! Everything looks Humans can be found
something or some brighter after a just about everywhere
group. good night’s sleep. on earth.
Any – indicates a wide or I don’t think anyone is You can do anything I’ve never visited
infinite range of interested. you set your mind to. anywhere like that.
possibilities. It’s also
used in negative
statements to mean the
opposite.
Some – normally I’m sure somebody will I get bored if I don´t have I want to find
indicates one person or help us out. something to do. somewhere nice to go
thing. on vacation this
summer.
No- indicates absence Nobody wants to go to There’s nothing better My keys were
the party tomorrow. than a good meal. nowhere to be found.

Note: In negative clauses, we use pronouns with no. not pronouns with any.
Nobody came.

Exercises
1. Read the sentences below and complete the blank spaces using somebody, something,
somewhere, anybody, anything, anywhere, everybody, everything, everywhere.
a. She wants to live......................By the sea. (in a certain place).
b. She put.............................in the box, all the things she had.
c. Does......................Have a phone charger? (don’t know if a person has a charger or not)
d. She didn’t bring.................................to the party.
e. Is there.............................in the room?
f.lives in that house. It´s empty.

2. Choose the right indefinite pronouns of the five sentences below:

1. Was really friendly, all the managers and even the CEO.
a. anywhere b. everybody c. nobody
2. Is going really well and so I’m really happy.

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 a. anything b. somebody c. everything
3. I know.................................in this company. It’s my first day.

a. nobody b. nothing c. nowhere

4. did you go..................................during the summer?

a. anybody b. anything c. anywhere

5. she doesn’t want....................to help her.

a. everywhere b. everybody c. anybody

3. Write 5 sentences using indefinite pronouns and vocabulary about safety online.
everybody, everything, everywhere/ anyone, anything, anywhere/ somebody, something, somewhere

a. …………………………………………………………………………………………..

b. …………………………………………………………………………………………..

c. …………………………………………………………………………………………..

d. …………………………………………………………………………………………..

e. …………………………………………………………………………………………..

D. LISTENING

1. Listen to the conversation and mark true or false. Track 3D-safety online.

a. Charlie’s mother is doing something with his computer. True False

b. Charlie isn’t logged in at the moment. True False
c. If you don't change your privacy settings, everyone can
see your information. True False
d. It is easy to delete everything you put online. True False
e. Charlie’s mother knows his password. True False
f. Charlie’s notebook is in a secret place. True False

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 E. WRITING AND SPEAKING

Write a short text of 100 words about what you do for privacy settings on your social
networking sites, email, or any other account that you manage. Give details of what you do to
take care of yourself from sharing personal information, uploading photos or attachment any
documents. Share it in class and then, report it using the indefinite pronouns.

…………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………..

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UNIT
3

Online Community Lesson

3E
Autonomous Work

A. VOCABULARY

1. Match the words and meaning about cybercrime and safety online.
Words Answers Meanings
1. Online a. enjoy something so much that you are unable to stop having it,
watching it, doing it, etc.

2. Offline b. A computer program that finds information on the internet by

looking for words that you have typed it.

3. Cybercri c. Available on or performed using the internet.

me

4. Passwor d. A website or computer program that allows people to

d communicate and share information on the internet using
computer or cellphone.

5. URL e. an extra piece of equipment that can be added to a machine.

6. Upload f. A secret word or combination of letters or numbers.

7. Hooked g. Out of operation or existence.

8. Social h. A computer program that makes it possible for you to read

network information on the internet.

9. Attachm i. copy or move programs or information to a larger computer

ent system or to the internet.

10. Spam j. Criminal activities carried out by means of computers or the

filter internet.

11. Web k. A piece of software that prevents unwanted email from

browser reaching your inbox.

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12. Search l. It is the address of a given unique resource on the web.
engine

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2. Find the words in the Word Search Puzzle.

Attachment cybercrime engine Facebook password phishing spam

Weibo browser download everybody offline safety web
zoom online

B. READING

3. Read the text below and complete the

exercise. Your digital footprint
Every time you go online you leave a trail. This is just like a real footprint. It reveals where you’ve
been, how long you stayed and what you’ve been doing there. Every time you register for an online
service, send an email, download a video or upload a photo, the information can be accessed and your
digital footprint can be revealed. This shouldn’t necessarily be worrying but it is advisable to be
aware of your digital footprint and to be cautious and sensible when you are online.
Six top tips for taking care of your digital footprint Don’t forget to log off when you leave a
website, especially if you are using a shared computer. If you don’t, someone can easily pretend to be
you!. Don’t tell anyone your passwords and don’t write them down in an obvious place. Make them
more complex by using a combination of letters, numbers and punctuation marks.

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 Tell an adult if you come across anything online that makes you
upset, anxious or concerned. There are ways to report inappropriate
or abusive content and in most cases web managers respond rapidly.
Remember your favourite websites by using the history button and
the bookmark function on your computer or mobile device. This is a
way that your digital footprint can work in your favor, but remember
to clear your browser history regularly.
If you want to post comments online, you don’t have to use your own
name. Invent a nickname to use instead. You can also use a picture
instead of a real photo. Protect your identity online. Be careful about
who you share personal information with and always think twice
before sharing details like your email, home address, school or phone
number with someone.
Think about the future
All kinds of people are interested in your digital footprint. It's now quite common for colleges,
universities and employers to check out the online profiles of possible candidates as part of their
application process. There are cases of people having missed out on jobs and places in college
because their digital footprint didn’t impress the recruiters. So, remember: keep safe, don’t put too
much personal information online and always think carefully before you post something. Ask
yourself, ‘Would I be happy for absolutely everyone to see this?’

Exercises

4. Complete the chart with one main idea in the core and four secondaries’ ideas.

1. 2.

Digital footprint

3. 4.

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5. Classify the next phrases in Do or Don´t chart.
1. Log off when you leave a website 2. Use pronunciation marks in your password
3. Use the history button to find a favourite 4. Forget to erase your browser history
website
5. Keep quiet about inappropriate content 6. Use your name when you post comments
that you come across online.
7. Write your password in a place where you can find it easily

Do … Don’t …

C. GRAMMAR

6. Complete the next sentences with the use of shall, should, will.

a. Everybody.............................wary of emails, links and attachments from unknown or suspicious

sources. (be)
b. …………… Teenagers.......................A secure VPN connection? (use)
c. Thomas...............................careful of what he posts. (be)
d. …………Your email and your phone.................intervened with a secure setting? (be)
e. Security awareness training...................your risk significantly. (reduce)

7. Use the verbs in parenthesis and complete the sentences with passive voice -modal verbs.

a. My password...............................immediately. (change)
b. The ball............................by somebody that I don’t know. (hit)

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c. The emails..................................now by you. (send)
d. The sweatshops.....................................fast. (disappear)
e. Your phone number..................................(not- disclosed)

8. Write examples using the indefinite words.

a. Everyone: ……………………………………………………………….
b. Everything: ……………………………………………………………….
c. Everywhere: ……………………………………………………………….
d. Somone: ……………………………………………………………….
e. Something: ……………………………………………………………….
f. Somewhere: ……………………………………………………………….
g. Anyone: ……………………………………………………………….
h. Anything: ……………………………………………………………….
i. Anywhere: ……………………………………………………………….

D. WRITING

9. Create an informative post about how to avoid being phishing using the digital communication.
Remember to use shall, will, should, passive voice with modal verbs.

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 UNIT 4
ECOLOGICAL HABITS

LEARNING OUTCOMES
Students will be able to:
1. Learn vocabulary related to the environment.
2. Distinguish some linking words to add or contrast
an idea.
3. Use tag questions in order to confirm something.

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 UNIT
4
Ecological Habits Lesson 4A
Global warming

A. VOCABULARY – Natural disasters

1. Look at the pictures and write their names.

Warmingfloods droughts climate changes

harmful drastic deforestation
sinks scaremongering

1 2 3

…………………………………… …………………………… ………………………………

4 5 6

…………………………………… …………………………… ………………………………

7 8

…………………………………… ………………………..……
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2. Choose three words of the vocabulary and write sentences.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

B. READING

1. Read the passage below about global warming and answer the
questions. GLOBAL WARMING
Experts in climatology and other scientists are extremely
concerned about the changes to our climate. Admittedly,
climate changes have occurred on our planet before. For
example: there had been several ice ages or glacial
periods. These changes were different from the modern
ones because they occurred gradually and naturally. The
current changes aren't the result of natural causes, but of
human activity, Furthermore, the changes are occurring
alarmingly rapid the major problem is perhaps, that the
planet is warming up. According to some experts, this
warming, known as global warming, has been occurring
in the last 10,000 years. The implications for the planet
are very serious Rising global temperatures could give
rise to such ecological disasters such as floods and
droughts.
This could have a harmful effect on agriculture. This unusual warming of the earth has been caused partly
by so-called greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide, being emitted into the atmosphere by car engines
and modern industrial processes, for example, such gases, not only add to the pollution of the atmosphere,
but also create a greenhouse effect, by which the heat of sun is trapped. This leads to the warming up of
the planet. Politicians are also concerned about climate change and there are now regular meetings on the
subject, attended by representatives from many of the world's industrialized countries. In Kyoto, Japan in
1997, it was agreed that the most industrialized countries would try to reduce the volume of greenhouse
gas emissions and were given targets for their reductions. It was also suggested that more forests should
be planted to create so-called "sinks" to absorb greenhouse gases. At least part of the problem of rapid
climate change has been caused by too drastic deforestation. Sadly, the targets are not being met. Even
more sadly, global warnings about climate changes are often still being regarded as scaremongering.
Questions :
1. What climate changes have taken place before the present time?
……………………………………………………………………………………….
2. What are the main differences between modern climate changes and the ones that occurred in the past?

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……………………………………………………………………………………….

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 3. What were the agreements reached in the summit in Tokyo?
………………………………………………………………………………………
4. Which suggestions were made and why?
……………………………………………………………………………………..

C. GRAMMAR

What is a Linking word?

clauses, sentences, paragraphs, or the other words. It is to make a conversation smoother and more logical when moving

Linking words: Emphasis

Undoubtedly, Indeed, Obviously, Generally, Admittedly, In fact,
Particularly / in particular, Especially, Clearly Extremely, Surprisingly, Undeniably, Importantly.

Linking words: Addition

MoreoverToo
Also,Besides
In addition,Again
Not only … but alsoEqually
Apart from thisAs well as Along with
Further Furthermore Additionally
First, second, third, finally
 Example:

Paragraph with NO linking words Paragraph WITH linking words (bold)

Linking words have a number of specific language functions, such as
Linking words sequencing,
have a numbersummarising and referencing
of specific language functio

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 Note: linking words help to
increase cohesion in your writing by connecting your ideas. add clarity to your writing so you
say.
make your writing sound more professional.

Exercises:

1. Choose the best linking words of each sentence.

1. Paradise’s hotel has good facilities.................., it’s well located.

a.not only b. besides c. obviously
2.being excellent sailors, they were great warriors.
a.a s well as b. clearly c. in fact
3. Simon has the skills......................, he’s got a lot of experiences.
a. extremely b. generally c. in addition
4. the design is gorgeous........................., it is modern and fresh.
a. also b. indeed c. moreover
5. it’s an interesting project..........................., it includes a recycling system.
a. furthermore b. too c. particularly

2. Complete the next sentences with the right linking words.

a. hundreds of children disappear each moment around the world.

b. ………………, I have a delicious breakfast at 6h30,......................, I brush my teeth,

……………..., I take a shower,.............................I get dressed to go to the office.

c. Did you meet with the major? Yes,..................., He even invited me to have lunch.

d. , nobody has classes on presidential election day.

3. Write 5 sentences using the linking words: emphasis and addition.

a. ……………………………………………………………………………………….

b. ……………………………………………………………………………………….

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c. ……………………………………………………………………………………….

d. ……………………………………………………………………………………….

e. ……………………………………………………………………………………….

D. LISTENING

1. Listen carefully and answer the following questions about the interview. Trach 4A- global
warming.

1) Where is her country? b) The forest

a) South Pacific c) Imports
b) North Pacific
c) Indian Ocean 4) Who has spoken out against global
warming?

2) Why is her nation threatened by a) small nations

global warming? b) big nations
a) It gets less rain c) Both
b) It is surrounded by water
c) There is pollution 5) Who is the cause of the problem?
a) small nations
3) Where do the people get their food? b) Industrialized nations
a) The ocean c) Nobody knows

E. WRITING

Write a short paragraph of 100 words about Effect of global warming on your country. Try to use
some linking words of emphasis and addition.

…………….…………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………….

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F. SPEAKING

Discuss in class what will you do to avoid the floods in your city?

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UNIT Ecological Habits Lesson 4B
4 Recycling

A. VOCABULARY

1. Look at the pictures below and match them.

2
1
3

Glasspaper
5
4
Cans

Landfill

Plastic bags

Rubbish pin
7
6

Used clothes

Environment

Lights
10
8
Cardboard

Aluminum

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 2. Complete the space of the picture with the next vocabulary and meaning.

Waste recycle zero waste friendly

environment rubbish pineco-
pollution landfill

a.……………………
Receptable for waste

……………………………… ………………………………
h. A place to dispose of refuse or other waste material cover it b. Wrong use of money, materials, energy, abilitie
over with soil.

………………………………
g. Having a beneficial effect on the environment. ………………………………
c. Damage caused to water, air, etc.

………………………………
……………………………… d. The air, water and land on which people, anima
f. Collect rubbish for producing useful materials.

………………………………
e. Not sending any waste to a landfill

B. READING

1. Read the text below about Rs of the environment and complete the sentences with
information from the text.
The three Rs of the environment
People everywhere in the world produce a lot of rubbish but there is not enough space, and landfills are
filling up quickly. If we want to save our planet, then the so-called three Rs are essential for learning how
to deal with the waste we produce. The three Rs are reduce, reuse, and recycle. Here are a number of tips
on what you can do to save the environment.

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Reduce

A good place to start is by buying things that don’t have a lot of

packaging. Then there are items you may not use very often, so
you might as well borrow them from someone instead of buying
them. Nowadays, newspapers can be read online so buying the
paper edition is not necessary. The same goes for emails and
hence it is usually not necessary to print them out. Generally, the
use of electricity can be greatly reduced by, for example, turning
off lights that are not used.
Reuse

When you go shopping, refuse plastic bags and bring a bag with you
instead. If you’re not buying a lot, a bag is not necessary to begin
with. Reusable bags should be heavier and more durable. If you
prepare your lunch at home, put it in a plastic lunch box. I always
keep shoe boxes as they are great to store stuff. Many cities have
collection points for used clothes. If you have clothes that are still in
good shape, you can bring them to the collection points rather than
throwing them away.
Recycle
Recycling is a process that makes it possible to create new
products out of old ones. Paper, aluminum, glass and plastic
can often be recycled. Glass has been used for thousands of
years and is relatively easy to recycle. Aluminum can be
repeatedly recycled quickly and easily. Paper is recyclable
but it cannot be recycled forever.
The small fibers in paper eventually become very weak so
that they can’t be recycled into good paper anymore. Also,
not every type of paper is recyclable as some high-quality paper is too expensive to recycle.

Exercises
a. are almost to full capacity.

b. If possible, try to buy items with little or no …………………….

c. Bring your own bag but make sure it is ………………... and ……………….

d. It’s a waste of paper if you print your ………………………….

e. Many cities have...................................Where people can take used garments that are then distributed

to people in need.

f. There is a limit to how many times paper can be recycled because it is made of ……………………

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 2. What are the three Rs of the environment?

……………………………………………………………

C. GRAMMAR

Linking words: Contrast Linking words: Order

Linking words of contrast is when link two ideas that are different
Linking from
words of each
orderother
is to (for
showexample,
the orderone is a positive
of events in a s
Example: Example:
Although, the weather is bad, I love London. In spite of the fact she was busy, she still made time to volu

Linking words of contrast Linking words of order

Although, But, Firstly,one … another
Even though, However, Nevertheless, First of alllater, Next, … Last,…Finally
On the other hand, Despite, Initially,In the beginning, Then,… after that,Once upon a tim
In spite of, Though while Finally, Eventually, In the end, Subsequently,

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Exercises
1. Fill the gaps with the linking words of contrast.

1. Sarah will help Thomas...............................she still doesn´t know how to do.

a. while b. although c. in the end

2. the eco-friendly program was great............................., it was too long.

a. however b. next c. on the other hand.

3. He works as recycler long hours during the night,..................likes his job.

a. initially, b. despite c. nevertheless

4. I love Cuenca city....................., the roads are too narrow.
a.b ut b. in addition c. finally
5. Thommy wants to start recycling plastic bags.................................., being a hard labor.
a. while b. eventually c. in spite of

2. Fill the gaps with the linking words of order.

1., introduce yourself.

a. Today b. on the other hand c. first of all
2., a hairy man appeared behind a window which Sarah got scared.
a.once upon a time b. however c. beside
3. ………….., Johan ordered a pizza. ………….. ordered sushi..................., ordered a supreme
hamburger.
a. first, then, finally b. initially, but, in the end c. firstly, later, in conclusion
4., she is inspired more doing exercise outside instead of inside.
a.although b. secondly c. eventually
5. Pollan’s family is going to have..................baby.
a. despite b. another c. but

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 3. Write sentences with the next linking words: in spite of, however, in the beginning, once upon a
time, on the other hand.

a. ………………………………………………………………………………….

b. ………………………………………………………………………………….

c. ………………………………………………………………………………….

d. ………………………………………………………………………………….

e. ………………………………………………………………………………….

D. LISTENING

1. Listen carefully the interview and choose the right option. Track 4B- recycling.

1) What does he say about recycling in Oregon? 3) What does he discuss about his car?
a) You have to separate the trash. a) Changing the tires
b) It is easy to recycle. b) Replacing the engine
c) It saves him money. c) Charging the battery

2) How does he save energy when driving? 4) What is special about his watch?
a) He car pools. a) It is solar powered and doesn’t take batteries
b) He has a hybrid car. b) It is made of recycled products.
c) He doesn't use gas. c) It is powered by motion.

E. WRITING

Do you consider that recycling should be mandatory for Ecuadorians’ people? Comment how
Ecuadorian’s people can recycle using the three Rs (reuse, reduce and recycle). Remember to use the
linking words of contrast and order.
………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………….

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 Ecological Habits
UNIT Lesson
4 Green living 4C

A. VOCABULARY

1. Watch the video about Energy and complete the next statements according to it.

Video: https://youtu.be/0elhIcPVtKE?si=ikkSt5GaabNHWhtf

a. The sun’s energy creates …………….. and …………… and the, it’s converted to make ………………
b. The sun hits the ……………….. very hour to power the planet for an...................year.
c. Sunlight is made up of …………. Packets of..................Called photons.
d. Near the solar panel, you can see several.............................cells.
e. Solar PV technology produces clean ……………., has no ………………., no moving.....................,
doesn’t make any …………. And, doesn’t need ……………..

2. Look at the pictures and write its right letter.

Burning
Died
Solar panel
pollution
Coal
pipe

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C. READING

1. Read the passage and answer the questions below.

Renewable vs. Non-renewable energy
Renewable energy
What do you think a Renewable Energy Source means? A renewable
energy source is an energy source that will always be available, and
will never run out. We call these clean sources of energy because we
don’t have to burn anything to produce heat.
Solar Power
One renewable energy source is solar panels. Solar panels capture the energy from the sun’s heat and
turn it into electricity for people to use. therefore, it is considered a renewable energy source.
Wind Power
Another renewable energy source is wind turbines. They get their energy from the power of the wind.
Why is that renewable? Because we will always have wind! We can even use wind turbines out in the
open water where there is lots of wind!

Hydropower

Another renewable energy source is called hydropower. This harnesses the power of moving water to
generate electricity.
Non-renewable energy
It means this type of energy source will run out and cannot be easily replaced. Some examples of
non-renewable energy sources include coal, oil, and gas.
Coal, oil, and gas are what we call fossil fuels. Can you guess why those are called fossil fuels? Or
why they are considered a non-renewable energy source?
These sources are called fossil fuels because they formed when plants and animals died millions of
years ago. Over time, they became buried deeper and deeper underground, where the heat and
pressure began to rise. The dead plants and animals then were formed into substances like oil, coal,
and gas. Therefore, once we remove and burn all the fossil fuels buried under the Earth, we would
have to wait millions of years for more to be formed! This is why it is called a non-renewable energy
source.
Burning fossil fuels like gas, oil, and coal creates air pollution. Have you seen black smoke coming
from a car’s exhaust pipe? That black smoke is full of chemicals that pollute the air. In addition, to
polluting the air, the burning of fossil fuels also releases carbon dioxide (CO2) into the air. Scientists
have proven that this release of CO2 raises the temperature of the atmosphere and is a cause of global
warming.
Why do we want to conserve energy?
We all use energy in our daily lives. And almost all of us use fossil fuels. But a reminder that anytime
we use energy, we are using natural resources. Most of these natural resources are limited and are
quickly running out. In addition, to conserving our natural resources, we want to use as many clean
sources of energy to avoid polluting the air and increasing carbon dioxide that is released in the
atmosphere. The more energy we save, the less natural resources will be used, the healthier the
environment for all!

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Questions:
a. What is the difference between renewable and non-renewable energy?
………………………………………………………………………………..
b. How does solar panel work?
………………………………………………………………………………..
c. Why is wind power renewable energy?
………………………………………………………………………………..
d. What elements are called “fossil fuels”?
………………………………………………………………………………..
e. How are non-renewable elements formed?
………………………………………………………………………………..
f. Why is it important to conserve natural energy?
………………………………………………………………………………..

C. GRAMMAR

TAG QUESTIONS
It is a small question at the end of a statement. Questions tags are used when asking for agreement or
They mean something like:
“Is that right?” or Do you agree?” Basic structure of a tag question is:

Positive statement Negative Tag Negative statement Positive Tag

You are a lawyer, aren’t you? You aren’t a teacher, are you?
He is very busy, isn’t he? She isn’t crazy, is she?
He was happy, wasn’t he? He wasn’t relaxed, was he?
They were surprised, weren’t they? They weren’t late, were they?

You speak English, don’t you? You don’t speak French, do you?
He studies Spanish, doesn’t you? You didn’t study for the test, did you?
You studied for the test, didn’t you?

You have studied all week, haven’t you? You haven’t been here all have you?
You had arrived before he left, hadn’t you? week, had you?
You will pass the exam, won’t you? You hadn’t done it before then, will you?
You can speak two languages, can’t you? You won’t fail the exam, can you?
You could do it for me, couldn’t you? You can’t drive a car, could you?
We must be patient, mustn’t we? You couldn’t do it for me, must we?
You should go now, shouldn’t you? We mustn’t say anything, should you?
You would like a new job, wouldn’t you? You shouldn’t be so busy, would you?
You wouldn’t stop me,

99
Exercises
1. Write the right tag questions to each sentence.

a. Ann doesn’t like to have solar panel,............................?

b. New neighbor isn’t polite,..............................................?
c. His car has a damaged exhaust pipe,............................?
d. They work in the hydropower company,.............................?
e. Today isn’t Tuesday,......................................................?

2. Choose the right tag question according to each sentence.

1. Susan didn’t burn the garbage, …

a. swam she? b. did she? c. didn’t she?
2. Thomas hasn’t bought any solar panel yet,…
a. does he? b. has he? c. haven’t he?
3. Nothing was wrong, …
a.was it? b. wasn’t it? c. did it?
4. Some people are using renewable energy, …
a.are they? b. isn’t it? c. aren’t they?
5. I would never go with him, …
a. would I? b. wouldn’t I? c. did I?

3. Look at the tag questions from the box and write the right letters.

will you? b. don’t you? c. wouldn’t they? d. can it? e. isn’t it?

1. You know the answer, …………

2. It’s time to go, ………..
3. The plants would die in 2050, …….
4. Ostrich can’t fly, ……...
5. You won’t call the police, ………

10
 D. SPEAKING

Do you use renewable energy? How do you use it? Make a collage how you use renewable
energy and how you save it. Then, share it in class.

E. LISTENING

1. Listen to the conversation and answer the following questions. Track 4C – save energy.

1) What does he say about recycling 3) What does he discuss about his car?
in Oregon?
a) Changing the tires
a) You have to throw away the trash.
b) Replacing the engine
b) It is easy to recycle separating the trash.
c) Charging the battery
c) It saves him money.

4) What is special about his watch?

2) How does he save energy when driving?
a) It is powered by motion.
a) He has a hybrid car.
b) It is made of recycled products.
b) He car pools.
c) It doesn't take batteries because it has
c) He doesn't use gas. solar powered.

10
UNIT
4
Ecological Habits Lesson 4D
Coming up with

A. VOCABULARY

1. Match the words below with their meanings.

Words Answers Meaning
1. Face a. Doing it by progressing gradually from one stage to the next
2. Deeper b. Collect several things, often from different places or people
3. Step by c. The way people or animals naturally react or behave, without
step having to think or learn about it.
4. Goal d. Have a heaviness of a stated amount, or to measure the
heaviness of an object.
5. Gather e. Facing a problem, a challenge or conversation, etc.
6. Weighing f. Find or produce an answer.
7. Silly g. Look for someone or something, especially for a long time
until you find him, her, or it.
8. Come up h. Being a long way down from the top or surface.
9. Instincts i. Showing little thought or judgment.
10. Seek out j. The result of achievement toward which effort is directed.

2. Make sentences with the phrases from the box.

Easy decisionDifficult decision Make a choice Evaluate decision

Change decision

a. ……………………………………………………………………………………………
b. ……………………………………………………………………………………………
c. ……………………………………………………………………………………………
d. ……………………………………………………………………………………………

10
e. ……………………………………………………………………………………………

10
 B. READING

1. Read the text below about the steps to make good decisions then, write true or false.
Each day we are faced with situations in life that require us to
make choices. Some of these choices are easy, and at times,
some of them can be difficult. Easy decisions consist of things
like what clothing you should wear; most people choose what
to wear based on the season of the year, the weather of the day,
and where they might be going. Other easy decisions consist of
things like what to eat, what movie to see, and what television
programs to watch.
Decisions that seem to be the most difficult are those that require a deeper level of thought. Examples of
difficult decisions consist of things like where to attend college, what career path would be best, and/or
whether or not to marry and start a family. These types of decisions are difficult because they are life
changing decisions; they shape who we are, and they shape our future.
Making good decisions is a method that must be learned. It is not something with which we are innately
born, but merely a step-by-step process that is usually ascertained from life experience. Most adults know
that experience can be a costly, ineffective teacher that teaches more bad habits than good; and because
decisions can vary so obviously from one situation to the next, the experience gained from making one
important decision is often times of little or no use when another decision-making problem arises. There
are 5 steps to make good decisions:
Step 1: Identify Your Goal
One of the most effective decision-making strategies is to keep an
eye on your goal. This simply means identifying the purpose of
your decision by asking yourself what exactly is the problem that
needs to be solved? And why does this problem need to be
solved? Figuring out what's most important to you will help you
make good decisions. When you know the reason why you have
made a particular decision; it will better serve you in staying with
it, and defending it.
Step 2: Gather Information for Weighing Your Options
When gathering information, it is best to make a list of every
possible alternative; even ones that may initially sound silly
or seem unrealistic. Always seek the opinions of people that
you trust or speak to experts and professionals, because it will
help you to come up with a variety of solutions when
weighing all your options for a final decision. You will want
to gather as many resources as possible in order to make the
best decision.

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Step 3: Consider the Consequences
It will help you determine how your final decision will impact
yourself, and/or others involved. In this step, you will be asking
yourself what is likely to be the results of your decision. How will
it affect you now? And how will it affect your future?
Step 4: Make Your Decision
Now that you have identified your goal, gathered all necessary information, and weighed the
consequences, it is time to make a choice and actually execute your final decision. Understanding that
this step can cause some people a lot of anxiety is important because this is where you have to trust your
instincts.
Step 5: Evaluate Your Decision
Once you have made your final decision and put it into action, it is
necessary to evaluate the decision and the steps you have taken to ensure
that it works. This final step is probably just as important as step one, if
not more important, because it will help you to further develop your
decision-making skills for future problems. This step is also
fundamental because it may require you to seek out new information
and make some changes along the way.

Statements:
a. Easy decisions are like: what to eat, what movie to see, what clothing to wear.
……………..
b. “Marry and start a family” is part of easy decision.
……………..
c. According to the text, making decisions involve to follow two steps.
……………..
d. In the phrase “They shape our future”, they refer to decisions.
……………..
e. “Gather information” means meet all advice.
……………..
f. “Consider the consequences” help people determine how the impact will be.
……………..
g. “Evaluate decision” is when you identify your goals.
…………….

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 .
C. GRAMMAR

BOTH EITHER NEITHER

(Two things 2/2)
We use both to refer to two It
people or things only. Both is information as “neither”
followed by a verb in the plural.
Examples:
We both like spaghetti.
They are both smart.
Use:
● after the verb to be
● After an auxiliary verb
● Before the main verb
● At the beginning of a sentence
(one thing out of two 1/2) (zero out of two things 0/2)
has the same rules of We use neither to refer to two
people or things only. The word
Examples: neither means none of two and it
Either of these 2 dresses suit you. is usually followed by a verb in
Either dress suits you. the singular. In most cases,
neither means “not either”
The verb which follows neither is
Use: always in the affirmative.
At the beginning of the sentence Example:
Neither book was interesting.
Use:
At the beginning of the sentence

Structure:
Structure: Both may be followed
either may be followed by of.
by of
Use or always with either.
Structure:
Neither may be followed by of.
Use nor always with neither.

Both of them are smart.

Both has a positive meaning. Either my parents or Daniel’s Neither of the books was

Both Michael and Joshua work at parents are going to take us to the interesting.
the bank. airport. Neither has a negative meaning.
Neither of them is working from
home now.
Neither Marcus nor Thomas
drinks coffee.

Note: when uses as an adjective either means “one or the other of two people or things,” and neither means
“not one or the other of two people or things”

10
 Exercises:
1. Fill the gaps with both or neither.

a. decisions are the same.

b. my sister and my ex-husband failed in their new job.
c. decisions were good.
d. …………… of them can come up decisions but they.........................can give an opinion.
e. of them came to my birthday party and they were very happy. both

2. Fill the gaps with either or neither.

a. my sister or my brother will travel to Europe next December.

b. Of my assistants can do it. Who do you prefer?
c. the dress nor the shoes are appropriate for the party.
d. job could be interesting.
e. of the students studied very hard because everybody failed.

3. Write two sentences with each word: both, either, neither.

a. ……………………………………………………………………………….

b. ……………………………………………………………………………….

c. ……………………………………………………………………………….

d. ……………………………………………………………………………….

e. ……………………………………………………………………………….

f. ……………………………………………………………………………….

10
 D. LISTENING

Listen the next interview about make decision and choose the right option. Track 4D- make decision

1) Simon has coming up.

a. a job interview
b. a big date
c. an important test 4) Simon's weak point is being
a. disorganized
b. deranged
2) Todd thinks his strong point is . c. closed
a. being generic
b. his genetics
c. being generous
5) Simon's strong point is .

3) Todd's weak point is always being . a. being special

b. being friendly
a. selfish c. being chaotic
b. late
c. on the highway

E. SPEAKING

Work in pairs to make a dialogue about what you do to make good decisions in your life. What tips you
recommend to your classmates. Use the words both, either, neither.

………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………

10
UNIT Ecological Habits Lesson 4E
4
Autonomous Work

A. VOCABULARY

1. Read carefully each statement below and complete the crossword.

10
 Statements:
Horizontal Vertical

B. READING

1. Read the text below and write a tittle ………………………

The buildings that we live and work to have a major impact on the environment since they consume
energy and resources, and create waste. There are countless studies which
show a direct correlation between occupant health and
adequate daylight and ventilation. With our lifestyle and
the majority of our time spent indoors, the design of our spaces is
of great importance. Over the last few years, the term ‘Green
Building’ has been used extensively by everybody. It
implies these projects have incorporated measures like energy
saving, water conservation and ventilation. The important thing to
remember is that when we decide to build or buy a new home
or office, ensure that it is Green certified. Secondly, even if your
current space is not designed according to Green standards, you
can still protect the environment by adopting a few simple strategies.
The first thing to be kept in mind is energy saving. Major energy consumption happens when we use
appliances, air conditioners and for lighting. It is best to use 3 star or higher rated air conditioners and
appliances at home. They are rated by Bureau of Energy Efficiency. We need to clean the air filters in the
AC regularly. Turn off the plug when not in use. Chargers and appliances, even if they are not turned on,
will consume electricity if they are connected to a plug point.
Water is fast becoming a scarce commodity and fresh water is bought in large tankers to most city homes
and apartments so we need to save water. This can be done by fixing water-saving fixtures in bathrooms
and by turning off the taps while brushing teeth. Recycling waste is another important thing that all of us
need to do. Many cities have large, unsightly and ever-growing landfills surrounding them. These are not
only an environmental hazard but a breeding place for disease-causing germs. Surprisingly landfills are
filled with materials that can be easily recycled. Most countries in the world to trash in a segregated form
because it becomes easier to recycle. One of the simplest ways to reduce waste is to reduce our
consumption of items that produce waste.

11
2. Read again answer the next questions.

a. How do the spaces we live in impact our life?

………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………

b. What does ‘Green Building’ mean?

………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………

c. While buying an air-conditioner what should we keep in mind?

………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………

d. Today, conservation of water is the need of someone, of a country or of a world? Why?

………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………

e. Why is it essential to turn off the plug when it is not in use?

………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………

3. Complete the next phrases with the information of the reading.

Segregateappliancestap green standards Hazard

a. New houses should be built according to ……………….

b. Turn off the..............while brushing your teeth, is a way to save water.
c. Ever-growing landfills are not only an environmental ………………….
d. Most countries in the world..................the trash because it becomes easier to recycle.
e. Major energy consumption happens when people use ……………….

11
 C. GRAMMAR

1. Complete the next sentences with the right tag questions.

a. Sarah usually turns off the lights,...............................................?

b. Joseph didn’t water the plants,....................................................?
c. Children will wear plastic and paper costumes,..................................................?
d. My air conditioner isn’t here,......................................................?
e. Joshua has paid the most expensive bill,................................................?

2. Choose the right word: either or neither.

a. You can choose........................the green bag or the black bag.

1. either 2. Neither
b.Mr. Palm nor Mrs. Jones bought a new house with green standards.
1. either 2. Neither
c.Joseph or Juan closed the tap water recently.
1. either 2. Neither
d. You can.....................call me at home or the office.
1. either 2. Neither
e.the employees nor the boss was at eco-friendly program.
1. either 2. Neither

D. WRITING

Do you think that living green is an important issue? ………………………………………………..

Give a reason for your answer. Name four other issues that you believe are more important than living
green. Give a reason for your choices. Remember to use linking words of addition or contrast.

Issues Reasons
1.
2.
3.

4.

5.

11
 UNIT 5
SCHOOLING

LEARNING
OUTCOMES
Students will be able to:
1. Understand the use of phrasal verbs.
2. Apply the prefixes and sufixes in the right way.
3. Edita an essay using phrasal verbs, prefixes and sufixes.

112
 UNIT
5
Schooling Lesson 5A
Distance Learning

A. VOCABULARY

1. Look at the picture and write their names.

1 2

grappling
homeless
device
……………………… ………………………
engage
distance
3 4 learning
social worker
behavior

…………………… ……………………

5 6 7

…………………… …………………… ……………………

2. Complete the meaning below with the right phrases of the box.

economic recession social unrest pandemic illness social workers

a. Weak or negative growth in real gross domestic product (GDP) …………………………..

b. Professionals who aim to enhance overall well-being of a person,

11
 families or community. …………………………..
c. Disease that affects the body or mind. ……………………………..
d. It refers civil disorders, act of mass civil disobedience. …………………………….
e. Disease that exists in almost all of an area or country. ……………………………..

11
 B. READING

1. Read the text below and guess the tittle of it.

……………………………………………………………

In the midst of a pandemic, economic recession, and social unrest, your students’ lives may have
switched out drastically since the day your school shut down. Many
families are grappling with financial worries, illness,
loss, homelessness, and/or food insecurity. Or they may
be vulnerable in other ways.
Students may no longer have an internet connection, a
device to use, or a space to learn in. Some students may
not be available to meet at specific times. Others may
have a lot going on in the background that they’re trying
to block out or even hide from the rest of the class.
In the classroom, when you work with your students in
person every day, you can get a sense of who may be going through something difficult at home. You can
privately check in to see how things are going. During distance learning, it’s harder to have those one-on-
one conversations, especially with students who aren’t engaged.
Good idea: If you have a student whose behavior has changed significantly, check in with them or their
family with a phone call. You may also want to help families understand how social workers can help
with their child’s challenges.

2. Read the text again and answer the questions.

a. The meaning of block out is …………………

b. What kind of problems do families face?………………………………………..

c. What are the limitations for students not attending classes during the pandemic?
……………………………………………………………………………..
d. During distance learning, what is the harder factor for the teacher?
………………………………………………………………………………
e. Why is it a good idea for the teacher to have a connection through a phone call?
………………………………………………………………………………………
f. The meaning of switched out is …………………………………

11
 C. GRAMMAR

Phrasal Verbs
English, especially in more informal contexts. They are made up of a verb and an adverb or a preposition. The particle ofte

Call= telephone call off= cancel

Look= use the sense of sight something
look after= take care of someone or

Get… Put… Go
Get up= leave your bed Put on= get dressed Go ahead= proceed
Get out= go away Put out= turn off Go away= disappear
Get into=begin to do or be Put back= reschedule a planned Go back= start doing
interested in. event to a later time or date. something again / return
Get along with= have a good Put down= record something in Go on= continue
relationship with. writing.
Go down= reduce
Get over= recover, continue Put off= postpone something
with life after a difficult event. Go by= pass
Put up with sb= tolerate
something from someone
Example: Example: Example:

Anna never really got along Who put out all the nights? Sarah can’t go back on her
with her sister. promise.

Exercises:
1. Complete the sentences with the next phrasal verb of the box.
Get out Put back Get up Put on Get

a. Susan usually....................................at 5 o’clock.

b. Thomas often..................................at the weekend to relax.
c. Annabell can’t.................................the divorce.
d. Children..............................................some costumes for the school’s anniversary.
e. The new educational program was............................due to online classes.

11
 2. Choose the right phrasal verbs.

1. Despite the bad weather, students decided to...........................With Art exhibition.

a.get along with b. go ahead c. go by
2. Joel refused to...........................his new classmate.
a.put off b. get into c. get along with
3. This academic year...................so quickly!
a. went by b. went on c. puts on
4. The registration fee has...........................10%.
a.got into b. gone on c. gone down
5. The school Olympics were..........................For a week.
a.put off b. put on c. get into

3. Write sentences with the next phrasal verbs.

go away go down put off get over put up with sb

a. ……………………………………………………………………
b. …………………………………………………………..………
c. …………………………………………………………..………
d. …………………………………………………………..………
e. …………………………………………………………..………

D. WRITING & SPEAKING

Write a short paragraph of 80 words commenting how was your experience in distance education
during the pandemic? Remember to use the phrasal verbs of the box.
……………………………………………………….………...
off, get along with, get over, put back, put down,……………….…………………………………….………...
put up with sb, go down, go by

…………………………………………………….………...
…………………………………………………….………...
…………………………………………………….………...

11
 E. LISTENING

Listen the next conversation and fill the blanks. Track 5A- Understanding

Professor: OK, before we continue, does (1)....................................have a question? Oh, lots of questions, I
see. OK, we'll go one at a time. Yes?

Student: Thank you. You talked about Fibonacci numbers in the (2).........................Sorry, I don't understand.
Can you explain?

Professor: Of course. What do you want to know?

Student: OK … I hope this isn't a silly question, but what does Fibonacci (3).........................mean?

Professor: No question is ever silly – it's always good to ask. OK, it's the name of a person. Fibonacci was a
European (4).........................in the Middle Ages.

Student: Ah, OK. Thanks. So, we know he was a person, but what are the Fibonacci numbers? I don't get it.

Professor: The Fibonacci numbers are a sequence of numbers. They go 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8 and so on. Do you see
the sequence? Do you (5).........................how it works?

Student: I'm not sure.

Professor: OK. This is how it works. The first number is 1, then 1 again, then 2. The (6)......................number
is the first number plus the second number. The fourth number is the second number plus the third number: 1
plus 2 is 3. The fifth number is the third number, 2, plus the fourth number, 3. So the fifth number in a
Fibonacci (7)..........s 5.

Student: Ah! I think I (8)..........................now. But what about their importance? You said these were very
important.

Professor: Yes, let me explain. This sequence of numbers is important because we see it in many things.
Fibonacci numbers are common in (9).........................., they are common in nature, for example in plants. We
see the sequence everywhere.

Student: Could you give us some more examples?

Professor: OK ... well, we don't have time right now but I can (10)..........................more examples in for next
class, OK?

11
 UNIT
5
Schooling Lesson 5B
Face to face education

A. VOCABULARY

1. Look at the pictures and rewrite their names from the boxes below.

a b

c d

e f

g h

Have a nap Online learning Social skills Detrimental Face-face learning

11
 Blended learning Chores Team
Working from home

12
 B. READING

1. Read the text below and guess the tittle of the reading: …....……………………………………
During the COVID-19 Pandemic, working and learning from home became a normality across the
world. To help stop the spread of the virus, students and workers started working remotely within the
safety of their houses. Since then, numerous workplaces and education institutions have continued to
offer the option to work from home. Working from home can be extremely beneficial for some
individuals but in saying that, face to face learning can be beneficial for others. Here are six benefits
of face-to-face learning that can help you make your decision.
1. Encourages and helps with Social Skills
Humans are social creatures and for a very good reason. Socializing makes us feel a sense of
belonging and security which increases our overall mental wellbeing. Face-to-Face learning gives
individuals the opportunity to enter a classroom with other students and have that social interaction.
Studying from home for some people means sitting in a house on their own which can be detrimental
for their mental health.
2. Real-time Interaction
The whole point of studying is to learn things that you don’t already know. So, it’s only human that
you are going to have questions and will require help with various elements of your study. Face-to-
face learning will ensure that you can receive help at the exact moment you need it. Whilst online
learning still involves help through video lessons and email, face-to-face learning means you get the
help and explanation at the exact moment you need it.
3. Lack of Distraction
Whilst some individuals feel like they are more productive working from home, many find the
familiarly for their home a massive distraction. For example, individuals may feel like they want to
get household chores done whilst they are home or perhaps the idea of Netflix and a nap is too much
of a temptation to turn down. Avoiding that temptation is easy by going into a physical classroom.
4. Promotes Collaborative Learning
Face-to-face learning teaches students how to work in a team environment and prepares them for
when they enter the workplace with other staff members. With classroom learning, students don’t
only learn from the theory the teacher is presenting. They learn from other students’ questions and
past experiences.
5. Encourages critical thinking
Being in a classroom with other students encourages individuals to engage in live discussions and
relevant debates. This type of learning environment gives students other people to bounce ideas off
and allows them to question others to ensure their understanding of the concept is correct. Having
your ideas challenged helps encourage critical thinking, rather than just reading theory from a laptop.
6. Teaches accountability and Responsibility
With Face-to-face learning, you don’t have the option to say, “I’ll just watch the class and do the
work later”. You have a set time to be at class and it’s your responsibility to manage your time
correctly to be at that class. Having to physically go into class holds you accountable and teaches
students about responsibility. These skills will be essential when entering the workplace.

12
 2. Match the next phrases below with the right benefits to have face-to face learning.

Students learn from the theory, practice and from other students’ questions. Having to physically go into class
A nap is too much of a temptation to turn down.
Students can get explanation at the exact moment you need it.
It permits students to exchange ideas to ensure their understanding.
If you go to a physical classroom, you avoid doing the household chores. you can receive help at the exact mom
It’s your responsibility to manage your time correctly to be at that class. Humans are social creatures.
Students learn how to work in a team environment. It stimulates in live discussions and relevant debates.
Face-to-Face learning gives individuals the opportunity to enter a classroom with other students.

Benefits of having face-to-face learning

Encourage and helps with Real-time interaction Lack of distraction
social skills

Promotes Collaborative Encourage critical thinking Teaches accountability and

Learning Responsibility

12
 C. GRAMMAR

Prefixes
Prefixes are letters which we add to the beginning of a word to make a new word with a different m

Types of prefixes Types of prefixes

Prefixes Definition Words Prefixes Definition Words

re again Remake im not Impossible
Rebuild Improper
Retake Immeasurable
Reheat Immoral
refill Impatient
dis Opposite of Dislike in not Inactive
Disappear Incomplete
Discard Inaccurate
Disconnect Informal
Disagree Incapable
un not Unhappy under Less Undergraduate
Unhealthy Lower Undergo
Unlock Not enough Underestimate
Unfair Understudy
Unaccurate
Unfamiliar
pre before Precook over Too much Overweight
Prepaid Overconfident
Preheat Overeat
Preschool Overcook
Prevent
mis wrongly Misspell inter From or Intermediate
misplace between International
mismatch Interfere
mistreat Interaction
mislead

12
Exercises:
1. Fill the gaps with the right prefixes.

1. I................to have online learning, but I really enjoy going to school.

a. understudy b. dislike c. impossible

2. you must leave your...............................food in a bowl before having face-to-face class.

a. preschool b. rebuilt c. precooked

3. having blended education is..............................................for some students.

a. unfamiliar b. underestimatec. informal

4. Susan got an..........................level in her English test.

a. international b. interaction c. intermediate

5. the teacher usually......................................his students during the exams.

a. misleads b. mistreat c. misspell

2. Write the right prefixes in each word.

1...................appear 6....................confident 11...................happy

2.................make 7....................take 12..................lead
3....................possible 8....................capable 13..................connect
4...................moral 9....................proper 14...................active
5...................graduate 10..................eat

3. Formulate six sentences with the prefixes from the chart of grammar section, using the
vocabulary of face-to-face learning.

a. ………………………………………………………………………………………

b. ………………………………………………………………………………………

c. ………………………………………………………………………………………

12
 d. ………………………………………………………………………………………

e. ………………………………………………………………………………………

f. ………………………………………………………………………………………

D. LISTENING

Listen to the track with the use of prefixes and complete the script with the words you hear. Track 5B-
prefixes.

12
 E. SPEAKING

Work in group and try to say what prefixes are correct with re + ……. / un+……/ dis +……/etc. Try to
practice with all prefixes below.

un dis im
re

mis pre inter

in

und over

12
UNIT
5

Schooling Lesson 5C
Online education

A. VOCABULARY

1. Read each phrase and match them with the right meanings.

Phrases Answers Meanings

1. Online learning a. It is a method of learning where students are given
freedom in how, what, when and where they learn.
2. Face to face b. It is a way of delivering education to students which is
learning carried out systematically, regularly by educators or
teachers.
3. Traditional c. It is a method of education whereby students learn in a
education fully virtual environment.
4. Flexible learning d. They explain how to reproduce a successful strategy for
executing or evaluating an activity.
5. Education e. Develop a learning climate that enables students to
timetable develop positive social interactions and actively engage
in learning
6. Learning patterns f. Course content and learning material are taught in
person to a group of students.
7. Learning g. A schedule of events that organizes school activities
environment throughout the day, week, term, or year.
8. Learning methods h. Where teachers repeat the content of the book whilst
students gain the knowledge passively.

2. Write sentences with 5 words of vocabulary.

a. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………

12
c. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………
d. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………
e. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………

12
 B. READING

1. Read the text below and match the phrases below with the advantages and disadvantages.

Online education
As technology advances and user experience improves, so too does the popularity of online education.
It’s been proven to be a successful method of learning and offers a number of different benefits when
compared with traditional education. While it is beneficial, it also has certain challenges. Understanding
the advantages of online learning is important because it could help you make big decisions regarding
your or your child’s education.
Offers flexible learning hours.
When considering the importance of online learning to students and teachers,
flexible learning hours are a big influence. Circumstances mean you can’t
always follow the traditional classroom education timetable and being able
to learn with more flexible hours can be an important benefit. Online
learning offers students the opportunity to learn whenever best suits them.
This helps them, and their parents, balance their education with their home
life. Transport to school and their parents working hours are two examples of
external influences that could impact a traditional education, however, with
online learning these don’t have to be a problem. Whether it’s 6 AM or 6
PM, giving
children the flexibility to learn when they feel motivated may also increase their ability to retain
information.
Considers individual learning patterns.
Every student learns differently, and in traditional education, children
must adapt to the pace of the class or be left behind. One advantage of
online learning is that children have more freedom to work at their own
pace, which improves their learning experience and helps them build a
better understanding with their teacher. This is also important for the
teacher because it helps them structure their classes to suit the
individual learning requirements of each child. The outcome: improved
grades and a more enjoyable experience for the student and the teacher.
Allows children to create their own learning environment.
Children learn better and feel more comfortable learning in an
environment of their choosing. This isn’t always possible in a
classroom but is one of the key advantages of online learning. As a
student or a parent, you understand where you work best, whether
it’s in the library, at home or anywhere else. Being able to take a
laptop or tablet into your ideal working environment helps children
maximize their potential and gain the most from their education.
Everyone works differently and some students may prefer the
classroom, but for those that don’t, this flexibility can have a
positive impact on how they absorb information and help them
improve their grades.

12
 Provides students with more control over their learning.
Traditional learning methods allow the teacher to decide how they will
convey information to their students, but online learning provides more
flexibility and gives children control over their education. We all learn
differently – some of us prefer quiet study, others like interactive tasks
and being challenged under pressure. While there are tasks online, one of
the advantages is that it gives students time to teach themselves concepts
differently. Some students prefer to learn slowly and explore different
learning methods, helping them fully retain information. Once they feel
prepared, they can then take online tests or ask their parents to challenge them on what they have learnt.

Read each statement and match them if they are advantages or disadvantages to have online class.

1. Unable to socialize with other people. 2. flexible learning hours are a big influen

Advantages

4. Feel more comfortable learning in an

3. Reduced the practical part. their choosing.

Disadvantages

5. Have more freedom to work at their own pace 6. Require significant willpower.

2. Read each statement about online learning and write true or false.

a. Flexible learning hours refers to balance their education with home life. True False
b. Individual learning patterns refers to suit to good environment. True False
c. With online learning transport to school results in a problem. True False
d. Create their own learning environment is when students feel more

13
 comfortable learning. True False
e. Control over their learning is when students learn slowly or fast
and explore new things if they want. True False

C. GRAMMAR

Suffixes
Sufixes are letters or group of letters added at the end of a word which makes a new word.

Example: statestatement createcreation

Fiction Fictional regionregional

The suffixes can add to

adjectives
Nouns verbs

Nouns suffixes Adjectives suffixes

Suffix Meaning Words Suffix Meaning Words
acy State or Privacy Able Capable of Edible
quality Fallacy ible being Presentable
delicacy Abominable
Credible
Ance / ence State or Maintenance al Pertaining to Regional
quality of Eminence Grammatical
Assurance Emotional
Coastal
Er/ or One who Trainer ful Notable for Fanciful
Protector Resentful
Narrator Woeful
Doubtful
ism Doctrine, or Communism ious Characterized Nutritious
belief Narcissism ous by Portentous
Skepticism Studious
Ity - ty Quality of Inactivity ish Having the Fiendish
Veracity quality of Childish
Parity Snobbish
Serenity
ment Condition of Argument ive Having the Creative
Endorsement nature of Punitive
Punishment Divisive
Decisive
ness State of being Heaviness less without Endless
Sadness Ageless
Rudeness Lawless
testiness effortless

13
 Verb suffixes
Suffix Meaning Words
ate become Regulate
Eradicate
Enunciate
Repudiate
en become Enlighten
Awaken
Strengthen
ify /fy Make or become Terrify
Satisfy
Rectify
exemplify
ize or become Civilize
ise Humanize
Socialize
valorize

Exercises:
1. Add the right suffixes to the next words.

a. Satis …………...
g. Enlight ………….. m. Region …………..
b. Priv …………...
h. Heavi ………….. n. Social …………..
c. Cred …………...
i. Exempl ………….. o. Decis …………..
d. Regul …………..
j. End ………….. p. Train …………..
e. Fiend ………….
k. Civil ………….. q. Sad …………..
f. Commun …………...
l. Mainten …………..

2. Choose the right suffixes and fill the gaps.

1. The doctor said that his....................................was a result of overwork by online education.
a. illness b. sadness c. snobbish
2. Sarah always chooses..............................Foods.
a. nutrition b. nutritional c. nutritious
3. his presidential campaign won..................................from several celebrities of his region.
a. endorse b. endorsement c. endordish
4. students’ university have produced.............................evidence for their research work.
a.credible b. credit c. cred
5. Joshua takes class of practice in car ………………...
a. maintenance b. maintain c. maintaining
13
3. Unscramble the sentences below. Then, highlight the suffixes you find.

a. strengthen – exercises – brain – your – Puzzle – will

……………………………………………………………………………………………

b. a lot – face-to- face – likes – Simon – when – he – to socialize – has – classes

……………………………………………………………………………………………

c. must – security – issues – and – Today’s students - grapple – with – privacy

……………………………………………………………………………………………

d. intellectual - conduct – Alzheimer’s disease – High levels – inactivity – of

……………………………………………………………………………………………

e. be – by – caused - trauma – Amnesia – emotional – can -

……………………………………………………………………………………………

D. LISTENING

Listen the audio and fill the gaps with word you hear. Track5 D- culture shock.

1. I've only…......................with other Japanese.

2. I was sent to the Philippines to be the country ………………this is my first overseas ……………

3. I really found Filipinos very……………………and………………………...

4. I don’t..........................Understand them or I get lost in our conversations.

5. I was really ………………… it’s..................................in Japan to meet someone.

6. They also become..................................when I reprimand them.

7. Is learning about a new culture that.........................note.

8. Understand different contexts through a workshop...............................designed for expats.

9. Work-related communication can be...........................

10. And break time conversation can even become more ………..….., creating a ………….

and…..............................team.

13
 E. WRITING

Write a short text of 80 words describing how Online education is. Try to use as many suffixes as
possible.

………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………

13
UNIT Schooling Lesson
5 5D
Hybrid education

A. VOCABULARY

1. Look at the pictures and write their names.

Hybrid learning Online learning Face-to face learning

Flexibility Geographical barriers Digital resources

Own schedule Successful

1 2 3

………………………………… ……………………………… ……………………………

5
4

………………………………… ………………………………

8
6 7

………………………………… ……………………………… ……………………………

13
B. READING

1. Look at the picture. Make a brainstorming describing it.

2. Read the text below and answer the next questions.

Hybrid learning is an education model that combines traditional in-person instruction with online
learning. It combines the best of both worlds, offering students the flexibility of online learning while still
providing the structure and interaction of traditional classroom learning.
Benefits of Hybrid Learning:
● Flexibility: Students can learn at their own pace and on their own schedule.
● Personalized Learning: Teachers can tailor instruction to meet the needs of individual students.
● Increased Engagement: Hybrid learning allows students to be more involved and engaged in their
own learning.
● Improved Access: Online learning eliminates geographical barriers, making education accessible
to students in remote areas.
Components of Hybrid Learning:
● In-Person Instruction: Traditional classroom learning with a teacher and classmates.
● Online Learning: Independent or guided learning through digital resources, such as videos,
interactive simulations, and online discussions.
● Blended Learning: Combining in-person and online learning to create a personalized learning
experience.
Implementation of Hybrid Learning:
● Technology: The use of technology is essential for a successful hybrid learning model.
● Teacher Training: Teachers need to be trained to effectively integrate technology into their teaching.
● Student Support: Students should have access to support and resources to help them navigate the
online learning component.
● Collaboration: Collaboration between teachers, students, and parents is key to creating a
successful hybrid learning experience.

13
In conclusion, hybrid learning is an innovative education model that offers the best of both traditional and
online learning. By combining the flexibility of online learning with the structure and interaction of
traditional classroom learning, hybrid learning creates a personalized and engaging learning experience
for students. To successfully implement hybrid learning, technology, teacher training, student support,
and collaboration are critical components.

Questions:
1. What is hybrid learning?

……………………………………………………………………

2. Mention three benefits of having hybrid learning.

……………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………

3. What does “collaboration” mean in hybrid learning?

……………………………………………………………………

4. Would you agree that your university adopt hybrid learning? Why?

……………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………

5. How does your university career develop with hybrid learning?

……………………………………………………………………

3. Match the next words with their right synonyms.

1. Hybrid …………
2. Traditional …………
Virtual Conventional Analytic Mixed Elasticity Com
3. Flexibility ………… Help
4. Engagement …………
5. Personalize …………
6. Barriers …………
7. Online …………
8. Blended …………
9. Support …………
10. Critical …………

13
C. GRAMMAR

PREFIXES SUFFIXES
Prefixes is placed before a root form or Suffixes are the words added to the end of
base form of a word. a root form or base form of a word.
Example: Example:
Irregular, dislike, unwanted. Harmless, neatness, acceptable
Prepaid premade preload Illness fatness boldness
Disagree disappear dispose Wonderful fearful thankful
Unclean unlucky unlearn Slowly sadly quietly
Rename remove retell Fearless homeless jobless

Exercises:
1. Choose the right prefixes or suffixes.
2. Thomas...............with you because you paid too much.
a. agree b. disagree c. agreement
3. Children were...................at their new school.
a. named b. renamed c. nameless
4. Nayib was very.......................with this dad to be alive.
a. thankful b. thank c. unthankful
5. The doctor said: these exercises will......................your brain muscles.
a. strength b. unstrength c. strengthen
6. Some people regarded online learning with …………….

a. skepticism b. skeptical c. skeptic

2. Make the opposite of these words using the following prefixes.

Un in dis il im ir

a. Happy …………………………. g. Lock…………………………..

b. Correct…………………………. h. Agree………………………….
c. Legible…………………………. i. Legal………………………….
d. Patient………………………….. j. Possible……………………….
e. Regular………………………… k. Honest…………………………
f. Friendly………………………... l. Appear………………………...

13
3. Form a noun with each word given.
a. Educate ……………………… g. Administer ………………………
b. Discuss ……………………… h. Manage ………………………….
c. Dark ………………………… i. Improve …………………………
d. Spell ………………………… j. Elect …………………………….
e. Arrange ……………………… k. Punctual …………………………
f. Happy ………………………. l. Hesitate ………………………….

D. LISTENING

Listen carefully the audio. Then, correct the spelling of the highlighted words. Track 5D-education.

Education is one of the most (1) miapttron things in our lives. Don’t you (2) aegre? It can make the
difference between success and (3) lerfiau. An education can bring us knowledge and make us rich. In
rich countries, people are (4) ulykc to have good schools. Children start learning from a very young age.
They can (5) terrhuf their education and go to (6) hgrehi education or university. In Japan, there are even
(7) tvpeira schools for babies to learn English. It’s a shame that in many rich countries, many children
don’t want to learn. (8) hPpeasr schools need to find better ways to teach so children want to learn. It’s
sad that in many parts of the world, children want to learn but can’t. Make sure you never stop (9)
irlegnna. Education is the key to a better (10) fuuret.

Correct spelling

1………………….. 6…………………..
2………………….. 7…………………..
3………………….. 8…………………..
4………………….. 9…………………..
5 ………………….. 10…………………..

E. WRITING

Write sentences with the prefixes and suffixes learned previously relating them to the topic of
online and hybrid learning.
.…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
13
UNIT Schooling Lesson
5 5E
Autonomous Work

A. VOCABULARY

1. Read the meaning below and complete the crossword.

Across Down
1. Tool 2.housework
3. Acceptance 4.good climate
7. combination of learning 5. a group of people
8.plasticity 6. conduct

14
 B. READING

2. Read the text below and choose true or false.

Generation’s online
Today's grandparents are joining their
grandchildren on social media, but the
different generations' online habits couldn't be
more different. In the UK the over-55s are
joining Facebook in increasing numbers,
meaning that they will soon be the site's
second biggest user group, with 3.5 million
users aged 55–64 and
2.9 million over-65s.
Sheila, aged 59, says, 'I joined to see what my
grandchildren are doing, as my daughter posts
videos and photos of them. It's a much better
way to see what they're doing than waiting for letters and photos in the post. That's how we did it when I
was a child, but I think I'm lucky I get to see so much more of their lives than my grandparents did.
‘Ironically, Sheila's grandchildren are less likely to use Facebook themselves. Children under 17 in the
UK are leaving the site – only 2.2 million users are under 17 – but they're not going far from their
smartphones. Chloe, aged 15, even sleeps with her phone. 'It's my alarm clock so I have to,' she says. 'I
look at it before I go to sleep and as soon as I wake up.'
Unlike her grandmother's generation, Chloe's age group is spending so much time on their phones at
home that they are missing out on spending time with their friends in real life. Sheila, on the other hand,
has made contact with old friends from school she hasn't heard from in forty years. 'We use Facebook to
arrange to meet all over the country,' she says. 'It's changed my social life completely.'
Teenagers might have their parents to thank for their smartphone and social media addiction as their
parents were the early adopters of the smartphone. Peter, 38 and father of two teenagers, reports that he
used to be on his phone or laptop constantly. 'I was always connected and I felt like I was always
working,' he says. 'How could I tell my kids to get off their phones if I was always in front of a screen
myself?' So, in the evenings and at weekends, he takes his SIM card out of his smartphone and puts it into
an old-style mobile phone that can only make calls and send text messages. 'I'm not completely cut off
from the world in case of emergencies, but the important thing is I'm setting a better example to my kids
and spending more quality time with them.'
Is it only a matter of time until the generation above and below Peter catches up with the new trend for a
less digital life?

Choose true or false.

a. More people aged 45 or less use facebook than people aged 15 or more. True False
b. Grandparents typically use Facebook less than their grandchildren. True False
c. Sheila feels grateful to social media. True False
d. Peter thinks that he was always working because he was always connected. True False
e. Peter feels that the changes make him a better parent. True False

14
 3. Read again the text and make a list of positive and negative actions that social media has
caused on old and young people.
Positive Negative
Post videos and photos children use facebook
……………………………………………… …………………………………………………

……………………………………………… …………………………………………………

……………………………………………… …………………………………………………

……………………………………………… …………………………………………………

4. What is the positive plus that you would give to your social media and why?

Example: educational videos, educational message, memes, marketing, sales, etc.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………….

C. GRAMMAR

1. Fill the gaps with the right prefixes and suffixes of the box.

Preschool Management subwayChildhoodimpolite dislikeUselessunfamiliar

writerdisagreementsuperclass

a. Having classes on weekends is..........................for someone.

b. Jorge was acting in a very...................................way.

c. Andrew wants to be an excellent.....................................around Europe.

d. Michigan’s university improved under the........................................Of new directors.

e. Milly expressed............................................with the new education modality.

14
 f. Old students …………………… having hybrid classes due to it is …………………………………

for them.

g. The good thing of having online classes is not taking the.......................................it stresses me.

h. Hilda starts.............................................this winter. Her parents prefer face-to face class.

i. Mr. Collins always gives us a......................................through the platform.

j. The new coordinator made some..................................comments about some students.

2. Write the root of each word of the box.

Preschool Management subwayChildhoodimpolite dislikeUselessunfamiliar

writerdisagreementsuperclass

Example: irregular – regular

a. ………………………………………… f. ………………………………………
b. ………………………………………… g. ………………………………………
c. ………………………………………… h. ………………………………………
d. ………………………………………… i. ………………………………………
e. ………………………………………… j. ………………………………………

D. LISTENING

Watch the video about Student Life in China. Then, Do the multiple-choice exercise.

https://youtu.be/lB9o4RUFYdI?si=nSD8bACdIK-TFZR6

14
Choose the right options:
1) How long was her school day? 4) What can we infer about physics?

a) Less than six hours. a) She was good at it.

b) About eight hours. b) She was bad at it.

c) Over 10 hours c) It was her hardest class.

2) Where did she have dinner? 5) Who is a business person?

a) At home a) Her mom

b) At the mall b) Her dad

c) At school c) She does not say

3) How many classes did she have? 5) Who put the most pressure on her?

a) 7 a) Her parents

b) 8 b) Her teachers

c) 9 c) She did

14
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