Booklet 5 - 231118 - 183901

INTERMEDIATE 2
NOVIEMBRE 2023 - MARZO 2024

CONTENT
UNIT 1. PREFERENCES
Pages Lessons Content Grammar Vocabulary
7-13 1A. Movies Vocabulary: Movie Prefer Movie genres
genres
Reading: Men of Honor
Listening: 12 steps
Writing and speaking:
Favorite movie
14-19 1B. TV Programs Vocabulary: TV programs Would rather TV
genres programs
Reading: Betty the Ugly genres
Listening: Betty the Ugly
Original series vs
adaptations
20-25 1C. Anime Vocabulary: Anime Would Prefer Anime genres

genres
Reading: Anime History
Listening:
Manga
exhibition
Anime vs Manga
26-30 1D. Sitcoms Vocabulary: Types of Prefer Types of sitcoms
sitcoms Would rather
Reading: How I met your Would prefer
mother
Listening: Emergency
room
Sitcom preferences
31-34 1E. Autonomous Vocabulary: Movies, TV Prefer Movies, TV

work programs, and series Would rather programs,
Reading: Friends and series
Would prefer
Listening: My favorite
film
UNIT 2. REPORTING LIFE
35-41 2A. Gossip and Vocabulary: Words and Reported Words and
rumors phrases related to gossip and speech: Present phrases related to
rumors simple and past gossip and rumors
Reading: Understanding the simple
impact of rumors and gossip
Listening: Girl’s talk
Writing: Rewriting quotes
Speaking: Discussing
questions about gossip
42-47 2B. Fake news Vocabulary: Words and Reported Fake news
phrases related to fake news. speech: Present vocabular
Reading: Tips to identify fake continuous and y
news past continuous
Listening: How fake news
spread
Writing: Inventing fake news
Speaking: Discussing
questions about fake news
48-53 2C. Reporting Vocabulary: Journalism Reported Journalism
news Reading: Breaking news speech: Present vocabular
perfect and past y
Listening: Dangerous times for perfect
journalists
Reporting real news
54-59 2D. Teacher´s Vocabulary: Giving-taking Reported Giving-taking
message messages speech: Will- messages
Reading: Leaving a message would / modal
verbs/command
Listening: Leaving a message s
Writing: Rewriting messages
Speaking: Role-play messages
and report them
60-64 2E. Autonomous Vocabulary: Gossip and Reported Gossip and
work journalism speech-all tenses journalism
Reading: The rise of fake news
Listening: Social Media
Companies & Harmful Illegal
Content
UNIT 3. ASTOUNDING STORIES
65-70 3A. Blind dates Vocabulary: Words and Present Words and
phrases related to blind Perfect phrases related to
dates Continuous blind dates
Reading: Talking about a
blind date experience
Listening: The first date
Role-play a blind date
71-75 3B. Fun anecdotes Vocabulary: sequencing Past Perfect Sequencing
phrases Continuous phrases
Reading: What had they
been doing?
Listening: Anecdote
Anecdotes
76-80 3C. Medical Vocabulary: Medical Present Perfect vs Medical terms
appointments terms Present Perfect
Reading: Doctor-patient Continuous
conversation
Listening:
Medical
appointment
Medical appointment
role-play
81-85 3D. Real-life Vocabulary: New words Past Perfect vs New words
mystery stories Reading: Past Perfect
Supernatural Continuous
experience
Listening: Telling stories
Mysterious real-life story
86-90 3E. Autonomous Vocabulary: Crossword Present Perfect vs Crossword
work Reading: Paul Nicklen’s Present Perfect
Polar Obsession Continuous
Listening: Past Perfect vs
Halloween history Past Perfect
Continuous
UNIT 4. IMAGINARY SITUATIONS
91-96 4A. Assumptions Vocabulary: Synonyms Past modal verbs: Synonyms
and antonyms have + past and antonyms
Reading: 5 Assumptions participle
We Need to Stop Making
About Other People
Listening:
Making
assumptions
Assumptions people made
about you
97-101 4B. What if …? – Vocabulary: New words Third conditional New words
Part 1 Reading: John´s decision - part 1
Listening: Regrets
Regrets
102-107 4C. What if …? – Vocabulary: New words Third conditional New words
Part 2 Reading: Marge's Day of - part 2
Hell!!!
Listening: Conversation
Writing: Different
situations
Speaking:
Personal situations
108-112 4D. Fantasizing Vocabulary: New words Second and third New words
Reading: If I won the conditionals
lottery
Listening: If I were
millionaire
Writing and speaking: If
you were the president of
Ecuador
113-118 4E. Autonomous Vocabulary: Crossword Past modal verbs: Crossword
work Reading: Titanic have + past
participle
Listening: Conditional 2
Second and third
conditionals
UNIT 5. PROFESSIONAL PATHS
119-125 5A. Vocabulary: Phrasal Phrasal verbs with Phrasal verbs
Common verbs do, take and run
phrasal verbs Reading: Sarah had a
problem
Listening: Phrasal
verbs
Awkward situation
126-131 5B. Chinese Vocabulary: New Be expressions: New words
Education words Be supposed to,
Reading: Structure of be likely to, be
the Chinese used to
education system
Listening: Why do
Chinese students have
higher test scores
Ecuadorian education
132-137 5C. Career paths Vocabulary: New Make and do New words
words
Reading: College
start-ups
Listening: Unusual
jobs
Writing: Career paths
Speaking: Discussion
138-143 5D. Agreeing and Vocabulary: New Agreeing and New words
disagreeing words disagreeing
Reading: Conflict
management
Listening: Agreeing
and disagreeing
Writing: Last
disagreement
Speaking: Discussion
144-149 5E. Vocabulary: New Phrasal verbs, be New words
Autonomous words expressions, make
work Reading: The right and do, agreeing
job for your and disagreeing
personality
Listening: Best job in
the world
1. Match the movies with the correct genre.
1. 2. 3.
4. 5. 6. 7.
8. 9. 10. 11.
12. 13.
1. Read the following movie review. Which genre is this movie?
Men of honor
Carl Brashear was quite a guy. A black sharecropper's son

without a high school education, he signed up for the Navy
right after World War II. Harry Truman had integrated the
services, but the Navy was slow to change, and blacks were
guided toward two job choices: They could become cooks or
officers' valets. Brashear (Cuba Gooding Jr.) wanted to be a
diver. “Men of Honor”, tells the story of how he became one
despite everything, and then how he insisted on returning to
active duty after losing a part of a lower leg in an onboard
accident.
The movie is an old-fashioned biopic, and I mean that as a

compliment. It isn't pumped up with phony action scenes, but
follows the curve of Brashear's life as it intersects with
another
man, Master Chief Billy Sunday (Robert De Niro), a redneck who at first hates Carl and
then gradually changes his mind.
Choose the correct option:

1. What is a sharecropper:
a. A person who works in
agriculture and cattle raising 4. What is the meaning of
b. A person who is a slave “old- fashioned biopic”?
c. A person who works in the a. A biographic film
Navy from the past
2. Why black people were guided b. A science fiction film
toward being a cook or officer´s c. An adventurous film
valet? 5. What is pumped up?
a. Because of racism a. To fill with excitement
b. Because it was a b. To relax
governmental policy c. To get stressed
c. Because it was a Navy 6. What is phony?
policy a. Something that looks fake
3. Brashear had an accident in: b. Something true
a. His house c. Something that looks real
b. His office
c. A ship
Use: We use “prefer” to say we like one thing or activity more than another. We
can use a prepositional phrase with “to” when we compare two things or actions:
I prefer tea to coffee.

We prefer going by ferry to flying.
We don’t use than after prefer:
She prefers books to magazines.

Not: She prefers books than magazines.
We can use a to-infinitive or an -ing form after prefer:
She’s not keen on coffee. She prefers to drink tea.

She’s not keen on coffee. She prefers drinking tea to coffee.
Summary: Prefer can be followed by a noun, to-infinitive, and ing-form (gerund)
A. Choose the correct option:
1. John ……. going home to the movies.

a. prefer
b. prefers
c. prefer to
2. Ana prefers horror films to romantic ones.

a. watching
b. watch
c. watches
3. Peter prefers at home.

a. to eat
b. eat
c. eats
4. Harry prefers to coffee.

a. chocolate
b. having
c. to have
5. I prefer watching movies at home …… going to the movies.

a. than
b. to
c. not
B. Order the sentences using the information and words given:
1. Mary is not so healthy.

Mary / to / drinking / soda / prefers / water.
……………………………………………………………………..
2. Nelly loves adventure.

to / prefers / to / adventurous / films / romance / she / watching
……………………………………………………………………..
3. Pablo doesn´t like to go out of his house.

work / prefers / to / he / online
……………………………………………………………………
4. Carl sleeps early every day.

the / he / sleeping / hours / prefers / eight
……………………………………………………………………..
5. Mike loves eating junk food at the cinema.

movies / at / an / to / eating / hot dog / prefers / Mike / a / apple / the
……………………………………………………………………..
C. Answer the following personal questions:
1. Which movies do you prefer? Why?
……………………………………………………………………
2. Do you prefer watching movies at home or at the cinema? Why?
……………………………………………………………………
3. At the cinema, do you prefer eating before, while, or after the movie? Why?
……………………………………………………………………
4. Do you prefer to watch movies alone or with someone else? Why?
…………………………………………………………………….
5. While you are watching a movie, do you prefer complete silence or comment on
it with someone else? Why?
……………………………………………………………………..
Watch the following video and choose the right answer:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QhCISxbO7rg
1. The scene takes place in ………

a. a court
b. a yard
c. a school
2. On which step did the man almost give up?

a. seven
b. eight
c. nine
3. The man who is giving the physical test is called by his superior.
a. cook
b. cookie
c. diver
4. According to his superior a diver is:

a. a soldier
b. salvage expert
c. ship expert
5. How many steps did he make?

a. 10
b. 11
c. 12
1. Write a paragraph using the grammar related to this lesson answering the
following questions:
Which movie genres do you prefer? Why? Which is your favorite movie? Which scene of
this movie do you prefer? Why?
2. Share your answers with the whole class.
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1. Match the TV programs with the correct genre.
1. 2. 3.
4. 5. 6. 7.
8.
1. Read the following text. Which genre is this TV program?
Betty the Ugly
Betty the Ugly, is a Colombian soap opera, created

by RCN Televisión and written by Fernando Gaitán.
In 1999, it was included in Guinness Records as the
"most successful soap opera in television history". It
premiered on October 25, 1999, and ended on May
8, 2001. It stars Ana María Orozco and Jorge
Enrique Abello, with the antagonistic participation
of Natalia Ramírez, Lorna Cepeda, Luis Mesa, and
Julián Arango. The main character is Beatriz Aurora
Pinzón
Solano, who is an unattractive but intelligent woman who works for a fashion company
called Ecomoda. Betty has to constantly endure insults and contempt from her co-
workers, especially from the secretary Patricia Fernández, the designer Hugo Lombardi
and the company's shareholder, Marcela Valencia.
Its original version was transmitted in many countries with great success, including all
of Latin America, with high audience levels. It had great international success by being
transmitted in more than 180 countries, being dubbed into 25 languages, and having at
least 28 adaptations around the world, being the soap opera that has had the most
adaptations. It premiered on October 11, 2019, through video on demand on Netflix
with a total of 335 episodes. It remained on Netflix in the top 10 most-watched
programs in Latin America. Despite its success on Netflix, on July 10, 2022, the
streaming service withdrew it from its catalog for licensing reasons. The soap opera was
transferred to Prime Video where you can currently see all 335 episodes.

1. Betty the ugly is a ………
a. soap opera 4. How many
b. reality show languages was it
c. talk show translated?
2. What is the meaning of a. one hundred eighty
“contempt”? b. twenty-five
a. unsuccessful c. twenty-eight
b. hate 5. It remained in the top
c. love 10 most- watched in
3. What is the meaning of …….
“shareholder”? a. Netflix
a. Simple employee of a b. Prime Video
company c. Prime Disney
b. The total owner of a 6. The plot is about woman.
company a. an unintelligent
c. One of the owners of a b. gorgeous
company c. hideous
We use would rather or ’d rather to talk about preferring one thing to another.
Would rather has two different constructions: Same subject and different subject.
Same subject + base form / refers to the present

I’d rather stay at home than go out tonight.
I’d rather not go out tonight.
Different subject + past simple clause / refers to the present or future

I’d rather you stayed at home tonight.
I’d rather you didn’t go out tonight
We use than to compare 2 clauses.

I’d rather stay at home than go out tonight.
Same subject
To refer to the past we use would rather + have + verb past participle
She would rather have spent the money on a holiday. (The money wasn’t spent
on a holiday.)
I’d rather have seen it at the cinema than on DVD. (I saw the film on DVD.)
Different subject
To refer to the past we use the past perfect:
I’d rather you hadn’t rung me at work. (Past perfect to talk about the past)

1. I don't fancy the theatre again. I'd 4. I'd rather you ……. here
rather ……… to the cinema. with me and the kids
a. go a. stay
b. to go b. stayed
c. going c. to stay
2. If I had a choice, I think I'd rather 5. She didn´t see the soap
………. opera, she would rather
a. live in Guayaquil than in Quito ……. it before writing the
b. living in Guayaquil than in Quito homework report.
c. live in Guayaquil to in Quito a. have watched
b. has watched
3. I'd rather speak to him in person c. didn´t watch
………. things over the phone 6. He didn´t see the movie, I
a. than discuss would rather he ……… it
b. to discuss before delivering his
c. discuss homework.
a. had seen
b. has seen
c. have seen
B. Order the sentences:
1. talk / first / I'd / you / rather / him / to
……………………………………………………………………..
2. you / I'd / took / the / hospital / to / rather / her
……………………………………………………………………..
3. tomorrow / they / would / she / rather / in / own / test / made / her (x2) / mistakes
……………………………………………………………………
4. I got a bad grade.

rather / I / have / yesterday / would / studied
……………………………………………………………………..
5. My sister failed the English course.

course / the / rather / she / I / would / had / failed / not
……………………………………………………………………..
1. Would you rather watch international or national TV programs? Why?
……………………………………………………………………
2. Which genre of TV programs would you rather see? Why?
……………………………………………………………………
3. Which TV program would you rather watch as many times as possible? Why?
……………………………………………………………………
4. Would you rather watch reality shows or soap operas? Why?
…………………………………………………………………….
5. Would you rather watch news or sports shows? Why?
……………………………………………………………………..
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tnAWeIdIDyk
Watch the following video and choose the right answer:
1. Betty makes a compliment about the other girl´s ……

a. Dolce Gabbana purse
b. Dolce Gabbana poncho
c. Poncho from Guadalajara
2. What is the mistake the guy mentioned?

a. vacancies were already filled
b. there are still a lot of vacancies
c. there are just a few vacancies
3. What is Betty´s passion?

a. newspapers
b. magazines
c. letters
4. What has she learned from Meade Publications?

a. Bali resort is considered the most romantic in the world
b. Bali resort isn´t considered the most romantic in the world
c. Political machinations in Bali
5. Does she get a job vacancy in this scene?

a. Yes
b. No
Would you rather watch the original series than the adaptations? Why? Give examples.
Share your answers with the whole class.
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UNIT Lesson
1 1C
Anime
1. Match the anime genres with their definitions.
Genre Definition
1 Action l a. Bringing us tears and a wave of emotions
2 Adventure h b. It is about magical stuff like spells and incantations.
3 Comedy j c. They’re referring to stuff or events that are odd and out-of-the-
blue.
4 Drama a d. There are ghosts, monsters, gore, and creeps
5 Slice of life g e. There is the existence of a central enigma
6 Fantasy m f. It delves into how the mind and psyche work
7 Magic b g. They are realistically set in the domain of real life
8 Supernatural d h. It is about traveling and undertaking an adventure in a certain
place or around the world
9 Horror d i. It showcases scientific and technological elements in its story.
10 Mistery e j. The main purpose is to make you laugh
11 Psychological f k. It is all about love and sweet moments.
12 Romance k l. It depicts extremely high levels of intense action
13 Sci-fi i m. It deals with fantasy worlds and surreal events and locations.
1. Read the following text. What is the main idea of this reading?
A Short History of Anime
Anime is one of the most important modern

cultural facets of modern Japan. The word ‘anime’
comes from the English word ‘animation’. Within
Japan, it is used to refer to any kind of animation.
In the rest of the world, it refers only to content
produced in the land of the rising sun. The history
of anime goes back to 1907. At this time, many
Japanese artists
were influenced by Western animation and decided to create specific national content
for Japan. This was very difficult because materials were expensive and Japan suffered
several economic crises due to natural disasters and later because of World War 2.
In the 1940s, Japan premiered the first animated film which was sponsored by the
government. When the war ended, over the years manga (Japanese comic books and
graphic novels) were distributed to the population. They served as a distraction from the
harsh realities that Japanese people had to face after the war.
Today there are a plethora of anime titles aimed at all types of audiences, and it has
grown to become one of the most important export products for the Japanese economy.
Anime’s characteristics are having real-feeling plots, full of emotions and drama. In
some cases, strong exaggeration of the actions performed by the characters is used.
Common anime tends to have characters with large, oval eyes, outrageous haircuts, and
very humanized bodies.
Anime should not be taken as being children’s entertainment only, it is more to the
contrary. Most titles are aimed at a mature audience. There are anime companies that
have managed to create content to satisfy both audiences, such as Studio Ghibli, one of
the most powerful companies in the world of animation.

1. The land of the rising sun refers to
……… 4. Anime has become a……..
a. Japan a. relevant export product
b. The rest of the world b. relevant import product
c. China c. non-relevant export product
2. The creation of anime was 5. Common anime has
influenced by ……. characters that are …….
a. World War 2 a. similar to human beings
b. National Japanese content b. very different to
c. Western Animation human beings
3. What is manga? c. similar to alien forms
a. Anime 6. Anime is aimed to …..
b. Japan Comic magazines a. only children audience
c. Books b. only adult audience
c. A and B
We use would prefer or ’d prefer, followed by a to-infinitive or a noun, to talk
about present and future preferences:
I’d prefer to go by myself.

Would you prefer a quieter restaurant?
She’d prefer not to drive at night.
When we want to say that we would like to do one thing more than another, we can
introduce the second thing with rather than, followed by an infinitive without to:
I’d prefer to go skiing this year rather than go on a beach holiday.
When we are talking about our preferences for the actions of another person, we
can use would prefer + object pronoun + to-infinitive or would prefer it if + past
simple:
They’d prefer us to come later. (or They’d prefer it if we came later.)
Would you prefer me to drive? (or Would you prefer it if I drove?)

1. I would prefer ……. English 5. Ana would prefer us ……..
language rather than Japanese. earlier.
a. to study a. to come
b. study b. come
c. studying c. coming
2. She would prefer ……. 6. …………… to travel to the
a. an easier topic mountains?
b. have an easier topic a. You would prefer
c. having an easier topic b. Would you prefer
3. Mary would prefer at c. Would prefer
night, it is dangerous. 7. Kerly ………. to watch
a. not drive Anime rather than read
b. to drive Manga.
c. not to drive a. would prefer
b. prefer
4. George would prefer to read books c. prefer would
TV. 8. They don´t like that
a. rather than watch movie. They´d prefer it if we
b. than watch …….
c. to watch a. to see it
b. see it
c. didn´t see it
B. Order the sentences:
1. to / prefer / Erik / more / would / eat / vegetables
……………………………………………………………………..
2. for / a / place / Elena / party / prefer / bigger / her / would
……………………………………………………………………..
3. William doesn´t like exercising.

than / to / prefer / William / by(x2) / would / go(x2) / rather / bicycle / car
……………………………………………………………………
4. I like crabs more than shrimp.

rather / prefer / eat(x2) / crabs / to / would / I / than / shrimp
……………………………………………………………………..
5. I don´t like smoking.

smoking / prefer / go / would / not / to(x2) / I / the / area
……………………………………………………………………..
1. Would you prefer to watch Anime or Western Animation? Why?
……………………………………………………………………
2. Which genre of Anime or Western Animation would you prefer? Why?
……………………………………………………………………
3. Which Animation program would you prefer to watch? Why?
……………………………………………………………………
4. Would you prefer to watch comedy rather than drama Anime? Yes-No? Why?
…………………………………………………………………….
5. Would you prefer to watch slice of life rather than fantasy Anime? Yes-No? Why?
……………………………………………………………………..
Listen to the audio (1C) and choose the right answer:
1. Manga exhibition is …… biggest show.

a. British Museum´s
b. Japanese Museum´s
c. Chinese Museum´s
2. Manga is as well-known as …….
a. Sushi
b. Western fast food
c. Western Animation
3. When was the most popular exhibition of Manga in the British Museum?
a. 2020
b. 2019
c. 2018
4. How many people paid to see this exhibition every day?
a. Around 1920
b. Around 1900
c. Around 1910
5. How many Manga stories are included?
a. 17
b. 18
c. 16
6. Did this exhibition include the Manga Astro Boy?
a. Yes
b. No
Would you prefer to watch Anime rather than read Manga? Yes-No / Why?
Share your answers with the whole class.
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UNIT Lesson
1 1D
Sitcoms
1. Watch the following video, do you know this Sitcom? What is the Sitcom’s name?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=36HDTMf15No
2. Match the correct answer: What is a Sitcom?

a. It is a serialized comedic program where each episode revolves around a different
situation but with the same cast of characters.
b. It is a serialized comedic program where each episode revolves around a different
situation with a different cast of characters.
3. Match the sitcoms types:
Type Definition
1. Actcom a a. The greatest emphasis is on the characters and their growth as human
beings. Domestic comedy is almost invariably set in and around a family unit.
2. Domcom c b. It is the rarest and most serious type of sitcom. The humor is more comic
intensification than an end in itself.
3. Dramedy b c. The emphasis is on action, verbal and physical.
How I Met Your Mother?
How I Met Your Mother is an American sitcom,

created by Craig Thomas and Carter Bays for CBS.
The series, which aired from September 19, 2005,
to March 31, 2014, follows the main character, Ted
Mosby, and his group of friends in New York City's
Manhattan. As a framing device, Ted, in 2030,
recounts to his son, Luke, and daughter, Penny, the
events from September 2005 to May 2013 that led him to meet their mother.
Known for its unique structure, humor, and incorporation of dramatic elements, How I
Met Your Mother was popular throughout its run. It received positive reviews initially,
but the reception became more mixed as the seasons went on. The show was nominated
for 91 awards and received 21.
The story goes into a flashback and starts in 2005 with 27-year-old Ted Mosby living in
New York and working as an architect. The narrative deals primarily with his best
friends, including the long-lasting couple Marshall Eriksen (Jason Segel) and Lily
Aldrin (Alyson Hannigan), womanizing playboy Barney Stinson (Neil Patrick Harris),
and Canadian news reporter Robin Scherbatsky (Cobie Smulders); all of the characters'
lives are entwined. The series explores many storylines, including a "will they or won't
they" relationship between Robin and each of the two single male friends, Marshall and
Lily's relationship, and the ups and downs of the characters' careers.
While the traditional love story structure begins when the romantic leads first encounter
each other, How I Met Your Mother does not introduce Ted's wife (Cristin Milioti) until
the eighth-season finale and only announces her full name, Tracy McConnell, during the
series finale. Her first name, Tracy, is mentioned in the first season, at the end of
episode nine. The audience would rather have seen Tracy more often.
1. How I Met Your Mother is …… 4. The story starts in …… but
sitcom. Ted is telling it in …….
a. a Canadian a. 2030-2030
b. an American b. 2030-2005
c. a British c. 2005-2030
2. The plot of the series is about all the 5. Who is the character that
events that led Ted to ……. loves going out with a lot
a. meet his wife of women?
b. meet Penny a. Ted
c. meet Lily b. Marshall
3. The series received ….. awards. c. Barney
a. ninety-one 6. How many times Ted´s
b. thirty-one wife is mentioned in the
c. twenty-one series?
a. once
b. twice
c. three times
1. I to spend my free time in the garden but the weather is not good.
a. rather
b. would prefer
c. would rather
2. I’d rather you me clean the house than lay on the sofa all day long.
a. help
b. helped
c. to help
3. I’d prefer to discuss the problem with you to avoid serious talk.
a. rather than try
b. to try
c. that try
4. Clyde usually stays at home in the evenings but tonight he would prefer
………… with his friends.
a. go out
b. going out
c. to go out
5. Gloria prefers going to the restaurant ………. guests at home on her special
occasions.
a. rather than receive
b. to receiving
c. to receive
6. I’d rather call him now until tomorrow. I am worried about the project.
a. than wait
b. to wait
c. than waiting
7. Alexis would rather have broccoli potato salad. He is on a diet.
a. than
b. to
c. that
8. I like meeting new people, of course, but these days, I prefer alone
somewhere in the wilderness.
a. to staying
b. stay
c. staying
9. Anabelle doesn't want to change anything right now. She would rather …………
everything as it is.
a. to leave
b. leave
c. leaving
10. I prefer a good workout session in the gym another computer game that
soon gets boring.
a. that
b. to
c. than
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=36HDTMf15No
Watch the video and choose the right answer:
1. What happened to Penny?

a. She dislocated her arm
b. She dislocated her shoulder
c. She dislocated her hand
2. Penny suffers from ….
a. diabetes
b. fracture
c. kidney disease
3. According to Sheldon, Penny suffers from …..
a. Sub-psychotic rage
b. Tourette's syndrome
c. A and B
4. How is Penny feeling?
a. Scared
b. With a lot of pain
c. A and B
5. How would Penny like Sheldon to be at that moment?
a. More talkative
b. More comforting
c. Annoyed
6. In which place does the scene take place?
a. Penny´s work
b. Sheldon´s work
c. Emergency room
1. Write a paragraph using the grammar related to this lesson answering the
following questions:
Which type (there are 3 in the vocabulary) of Sitcom do you prefer to watch? Why?
What Sitcom (specific Sitcom-say the name) would you rather watch? Why?
What Sitcom (specific Sitcom-say the name) would you prefer not to watch? Why?
2. Share your answers with the whole class.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
UNIT Lesson
1 1E
Autonomous work
1. Match the following terms with their definitions:
Terms Definition
1. Action l a. They use speculative, fictional science-based depictions of phenomena that
films are not fully accepted by mainstream science.
2. Adventure e b. Show in which contestants, individually or as teams, play a game that
films involves answering questions or solving puzzles, usually for money or prizes.
3. Drama i c. It´s a television serial dealing, especially with domestic situations and
film frequently characterized by melodrama and sentimentality.
4. Thriller a d. They are illustrated and printed Japanese stories.
films
5. Science c e. They typically use their action scenes to display and explore exotic
fiction locations in an energetic way.
films
6. Soap b f. It is a genre of comedy that revolves around a fixed set of characters
opera involved in amusing situations in each episode.
7. Game j g. Suspense films refer to a broad film genre that evokes excitement and
show suspense in the audience.
8. Sports k h. It´s a television programming or radio programming genre structured
program around the act of spontaneous conversation.
9. Anime i. Narrative fiction that is more serious in tone.
10. Sitcom f j. TV program in which matches or sports encounters are analyzed.
11. Manga d k. It is a Japanese cartoon style that can be watched on TV.
12. Talk h l. The hero is pushed into a series of events that typically include violence,
show extended fighting, physical feats, and frantic chases.
2. Choose the correct term from the exercise 1 for each picture.
1. 2. 3. 4.
Friends
Friends is an American television sitcom created by

David Crane and Marta Kauffman, which aired on
NBC from September 22, 1994, to May 6, 2004,
lasting ten seasons. The series finale aired on May 6,
2004, was watched by around 52.5 million American
viewers, making it the fifth-most-watched series finale
in television history and the most-watched television
episode of the 2000s. Friends received acclaim throughout its run, becoming one of the
most popular television shows of all time. The series was nominated for 62 Primetime
Emmy Awards, winning the Outstanding Comedy Series award in 2002 for its eighth
season.
With a cast starring Jennifer Aniston, Courteney Cox, Lisa Kudrow, Matt LeBlanc,
Matthew Perry, and David Schwimmer, the show revolves around six friends in their
20s and 30s who live in Manhattan, New York City. Rachel Green (Jennifer Aniston), a
sheltered but friendly woman, flees her wedding day and finds her childhood friend
Monica Geller (Courteney Cox), a tightly wound but caring chef. Rachel becomes a
waitress at West Village coffee house Central Perk after she moves into Monica's
apartment above Central Perk and joins Monica's group of single friends in their
mid-20s: previous roommate Phoebe Buffay (Lisa Kudrow), an odd masseuse and
musician; neighbor Joey Tribbiani (Matt LeBlanc), a dim-witted yet loyal struggling
actor and womanizer; Joey's roommate Chandler Bing (Matthew Perry), a sarcastic,
self- deprecating data processor; and Monica's older brother and Chandler's college
roommate Ross Geller (David Schwimmer), a sweet-natured but insecure
paleontologist.
Episodes depict the friends' comedy, romantic adventures, and career issues, such as
Joey auditioning for roles or Rachel seeking jobs in the fashion industry.

1. Friends is …… sitcom. 4. Which one is true?
a. a Canadian a. Rachel ran away
b. an American from her wedding.
c. a British b. Mónica moves to
2. The plot of the series is about … Rachel´s apartment.
a. Six friends and their c. Mónica got a job
personal and work lives. as a waitress.
b. Six friends and their 5. Who is the character that
romantic lives. loves going out with a lot
c. Six friends and their work of women?
lives. a. Ross
3. The series was aired for around b. Joey
….. on NBC. c. Chandler
a. nine years 6. Which one is false?
b. ten years a. Ross is a paleontologist.
c. eleven years b. Mónica knows how to cook
c. Phoebe isn´t a rare artist
1. I’d rather my brother here with me but he wants to go to the mountains.

a. stayed
b. stay
c. to stay
2. We usually get ready for the trip beforehand but now we would prefer …………
our suitcases a couple of hours before the departure.
a. pack
b. packing
c. to pack
3. I’d rather tell you the truth guilty that you don’t know anything because
of me.
a. than feel
b. to feel
c. than feeling
4. I don’t know what to say in this situation. I’d rather silent and watch.
a. to keep
b. keep
c. keeping
5. Tracey prefers rock music pop songs and folk.
a. to
b. that
c. than
6. Gina prefers cartoons to horror films.
a. watching
b. watch
c. watches
7. Yuli to have tea. She doesn´t drink coffee.
a. would rather
b. would prefer
c. prefer
8. Anthony …… to the party, he was so boring at home.
a. would rather have gone
b. would rather has gone
c. would rather had gone
9. Chris would rather you …… last night. She was worried.
a. had called
b. have called
c. has called
10. Ulises …….. work in the morning …… in the evening.
a. would rather / to
b. would rather / than
c. would rather / rather than
1. Listen to the audio (1E). Match the pictures with the movies the speakers
refer to.
1. 2. 3.
4. 5.
2. Listen to the audio (1E). Match the speakers A-E with their thoughts.
Speakers Number Thoughts

A 4 1. It is a love story but not sentimental at all.
B 2 2. The story is about how we come up with conclusions about
people but then we realize we are wrong.
C 3 3. It´s a really old movie but it stills feels modern.
D 1 4. The main actor finishes being too sentimental.
E 5 5. The main character looks older but it makes the movie more
realistic.
1. Are you gullible? (Do you easily believe everything you hear?)
This question is asking about your tendency to believe information without questioning or
verifying its accuracy. It explores the level of skepticism or trust you have in the information you come
across
2. Why do you think people gossip?
This question delves into the motivations behind gossiping. It could be driven by various
factors such as a desire for social connection, the need for entertainment, competition, or
even a way to establish social norms within a group.
3. How does social media make gossip and rumors worse?
This question focuses on the role of social media in amplifying and spreading gossip and
rumors. Social media platforms provide a quick and widespread means of sharing
information, both true and false, leading to the rapid dissemination of gossip and rumors to a
large audience.
1. Match the words and phrases with their meanings.
Word-phrase Letter Meaning

1. Fishing expedition c a. A rumor (= unofficial interesting story or
piece of news that might be either true or
invented).
2. Gossip d b. The action of spreading stories that make
people feel worried or frightened
3. Bush telegram f c. An attempt to discover the facts about
something by collecting a lot of information,
often secretly.
4. Furphy a d. Conversation or reports about other people's
private lives that might be unkind, disapproving,
or not true:
5. Scaremongering b e. To speak very quietly, using the breath but not
the voice, so that only the person close to you
can hear you
6. Whisper e f. The informal way in which information
quickly spreads from person to person.
7. Snippety g g. Made up of small and often interesting pieces
of news, information, or conversation.
2. Choose a word or phrase from exercise 1 to complete the following sentences:
1. There is a lot of scaremongerin going on, people are very frightened, but they are also
very angry.
2. The investigators' request for the company's accounts is simply a fishing expedition
- they have no real evidence.
3. She leaned over and whispered (past simple form) something in his ear.
1. Read the following text. What is the main idea?
Understanding the Impact of Rumors and Gossip

Drama happens so frequently during the teenage years, that some people have come to
accept it as a normal part of teenage life. But when that drama involves toxic
friendships, slut-shaming, and spreading rumors, that is anything but normal. In fact, for
those who are impacted, gossip can be downright painful and almost impossible to
ignore – especially if social media is being used to spread it.
Consequently, kids who are being gossiped about are negatively impacted. For instance,
gossip and rumors can destroy a person’s self-confidence and affect their self-esteem. It
also can lead to depression, suicidal thoughts, eating disorders, anxiety, and a host of
other issues. Gossip and rumors can alienate friends, ruin reputations, and even lead to
ostracizing behavior and other forms of relational aggression. To help your child deal
effectively with gossip and rumors, it’s important to understand the difference between
the two. It also helps to understand why kids engage in gossiping and rumor-spreading.
Rumors vs. Gossip
Rumors are pieces of information or a story that has not been verified. What this means,
is that the person telling the story does not know for certain if it is true or not. Most of
the time, people who spread rumors do not bother to determine if there is any truth to
what they are saying. Typically, rumors are spread from person to person and can
change slightly each time they are told. As a result, they can become exaggerated and
altered over time. Rumors can involve just about any topic and often run the gamut. For
instance, at school, there could be rumors about casting calls in the theater department,
about how the final will be handled in history class, or that the head cheerleader is
secretly dating a member of the chess club.
Gossip is slightly different from a rumor. Usually, gossip involves a juicy detail of some
sort, which means the information is shocking or personal. What’s more, gossip is
usually spread behind a person’s back and can be very hurtful. Gossip usually involves
love, relationships, sex, and other issues that people usually do not talk about publicly.
Finally, gossip almost always causes pain and humiliation for the person it is about.

1. What makes gossip worse? 4. Which statement is true?
a. The social media spread a. Rumors are verified stories
b. Drama b. R55umors are unverified info
c. Rumors c. Rumor is the same as gossip
2. What is “alienate friends”? 5. Which statement is false?
a. Lose friends a. Gossip has a harmful side
b. Gain new friends b. Gossip treats personal issues
c. A and B c. Gossip is not harmful
3. What is ostracizing behavior? 6. Which statement is true?
a. Being friendly a. Gossip can destroy a person
b. Being unfriendly b. Rumor can’t smash a person
c. Allow people to participate in c. Gossip isn´t detrimental
their social activities
Present Simple
Indirect speech changes to past simple tense.
I like ice cream She said (that) she liked ice cream.
I don´t like ice cream She said (that) she didn’t like ice
cream. Do you like ice cream? He asked me if I liked ice cream.
Where do you eat ice cream? He asked me where I ate ice
cream. The work is easy She said the work was easy.
The shoes are dirty She said the shoes were dirty.
Where is Julie? She asked me where Julie was.
Is she sick? She asked me if she was sick.
Past Simple
Indirect speech changes to past perfect tense.
I did the homework She said (that) she had done her homework.
I didn’t do the homework She said (that) she hadn’t done her homework.
Where did she do her homework? She asked me where she had done her homework.
Did you do your homework? She asked me if I had done my homework.
I was at home She said (that) she had been at home.
They were at the shop She said (that) they had been at the
shop. Where were you? She asked me where I had been.
Was your sister stressed? She asked me if my sister had been stressed.
Time expressions
Last = the …... before / the previous …...
Yesterday = the day before
Ago = …. before
1. Mary said “I am tired of this”

a. Mary said she was tired of that
b. Mary said she was tired of this
c. Mary said she is tired of this
2. Peter said “I live here”
a. Peter said he lives here
b. Peter said he lived there
c. Peter said he lived here
3. Nella said “I bought these shoes in discount”.
a. Nella said she had bought these shoes in discount.
b. Nella said she bought these shoes in discount.
c. Nella said she had bought those shoes in discount.
4. Kerly asked “Did you do your homework yesterday?
a. Kerly asked if I had done my homework yesterday
b. Kerly asked if I had done my homework the day before
c. Kerly asked if I did my homework the day before
5. George asked “Where did she travel last week?”
a. George asked where she had traveled the week before
b. George asked where she had traveled last week
c. George asked where she traveled the week before
B. Complete the sentences using reported speech (Present Simple):
1. Helen: "I speak English and Spanish."

Helen said (that) …she spoke English and Spanish..
2. Ken: "Joy often reads comics."
Ken said (that) Joy often read comics.
3. Harry and Marie: "We go swimming in the lake."
Harry and Marie told me (that) they go swimming in the lake.
4. Madison: "I'm tired."
Madison remarked (that) …she was tired.…
5. Amy: "The boys always wear jeans."
Amy told me (that) the boys always wear jeans.
6. Oliver and Noah: "Our smartphones don't work."
Oliver and Noah mentioned (that) their smartphones don't work.
7. Lisa: "Alan sometimes meets friends."
Lisa said (that) Alan sometimes meets friends.
8. Andrew: "I really love my moped."
Andrew said (that) … .he really loves his moped.
9. Nick: "You have a fast car."
Nick remarked (that) I have a fast car...
10. Josie: "Your dogs are cute."
Josie told me (that) …………my dogs are cute.….
C. Complete the sentences using reported speech (Past Simple):
1. Emma: "The train left at eight."

Emma said (that) the train left at eight.
2. Sophia: "Dan forgot his keys."
Sophia said (that) …Dan forgot his keys.
3. Alexander: "I had a meeting at four."
Alexander remarked (that) he had a meeting at four..
4. Jackson and Leo: "We visited Aunt Elisabeth."
Jackson and Leo said (that) they visited Aunt Elisabeth.
5. Mum: "William repaired the printer."
Mum remarked (that) …William repaired the printer.….
6. Toby: "Jeff didn't like the food in the restaurant."
Toby mentioned (that) Jeff didn't like the food in the restaurant
7. Hannah: "I walked to the museum."
Hannah told me (that) she walked to the museum.
8. Nick: "She went home late."
Nick said (that) …she went home late.…
9. Alisha: "Lucas lost my money."
Alisha told me (that) …Lucas lost my money.
10. Dad: "Emily didn't eat potatoes as a child."
Dad told me (that) Emily didn't eat potatoes as a child.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7TPZ9rDB9FM&t=25s
Watch the following video and answer the following questions:
1. How did Richard’s meeting with the movie producers go?
Richard's meeting with movie producers went really well. The producers were impressed
with the concept, and they expressed interest in making the movie.…
2. What are the producers interested in doing with Richard?
The producers are interested in making a movie with Richard based on the concept
discussed in the meeting.…
3. What may be happening in the near future?
In the near future, there is a possibility that both the speaker and Clara might appear in
a significant movie. The opportunity arises from Richard's successful meeting with the
movie producers.
4. What has Sandra been chosen to do?
…Sandra has been chosen as one of the 50 people flying to Mars on a new shuttle next
year.
5. According to Robert, what should they start preparing for life as?
According to Robert, they should start preparing for life as famous celebrities,
considering the possibility of appearing in a big movie.
6. How many people are going to Mars?

Sandra is one of the 50 people chosen to fly to Mars on a new shuttle next year.
7. When do they want the movie to be ready?
The producers want to start production on the movie as soon as possible, targeting next
year's summer line-up.
8. What does Robert mean when he says, Curtis has a “big mouth”?
The phrase "Curtis has a 'big mouth'" implies that Curtis is not good at keeping secrets
or confidential information.
Rewrite the following quotes using reported speech:
1. “Great minds discuss ideas. Average minds discuss events. Small minds discuss
people.” Henry Thomas Buckle
Henry Thomas Buckle said that great minds discuss ideas, average minds discuss events,
and small minds discuss people.
2. “Isn't it kind of silly to think that tearing someone else down builds you up?”
Sean Covey
…Sean Covey questioned the idea, asking if it wasn't kind of silly to think that tearing
someone else down builds you up.
3. “Fake news and rumors thrive online because few verify what's real and always
bias towards content that reinforces their own biases.” Ryan Higa
Ryan Higa observed that fake news and rumors thrive online because few verify what's
real and people always bias towards content that reinforces their own biases.
4. “Fake friends believe in rumors. Real friends believe in you.” Yolanda Hadid
Yolanda Hadid pointed out that fake friends believe in rumors, while real friends believe
in you.
5. “Everyone makes their own comments. That's how rumors get started.” Venus
Williams
…Venus Williams mentioned that everyone makes their own comments, and that's how
rumors get started.
6. “Gossip is just a tool to distract people who have nothing better to do from
feeling jealous of those few of us still remaining with noble hearts.” Anna
Godbersen
Anna Godbersen stated that gossip is just a tool to distract people who have nothing
better to do from feeling jealous of those few of us still remaining with noble hearts.
Discuss the following questions:
1. How do rumors get started?
2. Is there a lot of gossip and rumors where you live or work?
3. How do you usually react when people fill you in on gossip and rumors?
4. Why do you think people are so interested in gossip and rumors?
5. How can gossip and rumors be bad for a business?

1. Have you ever read fake news online? If so, how did you know it was fake?
2. Why do you think people write fake news stories?
3. What can people do to avoid fake news?
1. Match the words and phrases with their sentences.
1. We could put a nice display in the window shop. That might

grab someone’s attention the customers’ headlines
2. I’m not sure I trust this information. Is it from a primary
Sourse .?
3. I really think the referee is biasedI mean, he’s given

us two red cards and given the other team three penalties!
That’s hardly fair, is it?
4. This medication may not be suitable for people with

existing illnesses. If in doubt, consult your doctor before
using this
product.
5. It’s a scientific fact that the Earth orbits the sun, although
people haven’t always believed this.
6. Sorry, I’m a Windows user. I’m not be familiar with something Macs.
Could you help me load some files?
7. They announced (Past simple form) the appointment of the new Prime Minister late
last night.
8. The suspect claimed (Past simple form) that he was at home when the crime
took place.
9. I don’t really watch the news. I listen to the now, but I find most of
the news these days depressing.
1. Identifying fake news isn’t easy! The table below lists various tips to help you
decide whether an online information source can be trusted. Match the tip title
to its description.
● Think about the source ● Is it a joke?
● Are you biased? ● Check the author
● Ask the experts ● Check the date
● Keep reading … ● Supporting sources
Do you know the source? Have you used this source in the past?
1. …………… What is the mission or purpose of the website (e.g., to entertain,
inform, promote, sell, etc.)? Where was this source shared? Do you
trust information that is shared on social media?
2. ………….... Sometimes articles begin with a headline that grabs the reader’s
attention. Read on, because the headline may not tell the whole story.
3. …………… Who wrote the article? Are you familiar with the writer? Are they
even a real person?
4. ………….... If a story includes sources for its facts, click on the sources. Check
the details – do the sources actually say what the story claims?
5. ………….... When was the article published? Is it up-to-date, or is it old news?
Be careful – some sites will repost old stories but change the date to
make them seem more recent.
6. …………… Is the article actually serious? There are many sites which share fake
stories that are meant to be funny.
What’s your opinion on the topic? People often trust information
7. …………… that confirms their own beliefs. We are also more likely to trust
information shared by people (e.g., friends) that have similar beliefs
to our own. A story might share ideas that support your own views,
but that doesn’t mean they are true.
8. …………… If in doubt, ask an expert. There are online fact checking sites that
can help you decide if information is real or fake.
2. Answer the following questions:
1. Which tip do you think is the most effective? Why?
…………………………………………………………………………………….
2. Which tip do you think is the least effective? Why?
…………………………………………………………………………………….
3. Do you know any online fact checking site?

…………………………………………………………………………………….
Present Continuous
Indirect speech changes to past continuous.
"I am reading a book", he explained. He explained that he was reading a book
“She isn’t studying for her exam”, said Ana. Ana said she wasn´t studying for her exam
“Is she working late?” Carlos asked. Carlos asked if she was working late
“Who are you calling?” Mary asked. Mary asked who I was calling
Past Continuous
Indirect speech changes to past perfect continuous.
"We were living in Paris", they told me. They told me that they had been living in Paris. “I
wasn’t working at the mall”, said Peter. Peter said he hadn’t been working at the mall. “Was
she eating?” Mike asked. Mike asked if she had been eating.
“What were you doing? Julie asked. Julie asked what I had been doing.
Time expressions
Today = that day
Now = then
Tonight = that night
1. 'I wasn't paying attention at the time.' / He said that he attention at the time.
a. didn't pay
b. hadn't been paying
c. hasn't been paying
2. 'We're meeting Toni at 8 o'clock.' / She said that they meeting Toni at 8
o'clock. I hope they're having a nice time!
a. were meeting
b. are meeting
c. had been meeting
3. 'We're having a great time here on holiday!' / I got a postcard from my parents –
they said they're having a great time on holiday.
a. there
b. here
c. then
4. 'Coralia's arriving today.' / She told me that Coralia was arriving , but I
found out the next day that her visit was cancelled.
a. today
b. that day
c. ago
5. “We were living in Guayaquil,” said my sisters.
a. My sisters said that they had been living in Guayaquil.
b. My sisters said that they have been living in Guayaquil
c. My sisters said that we had been living in Guayaquil
6. “The baby's sleeping!”
a. He told me the baby was sleeping.
b. He told me the baby is sleeping
c. He told me the baby had been sleeping
B. Complete the sentences using reported speech (present or past continuous):
1. Jenny: "I'm coming down."

Jenny said (that) she was coming down.……
2. Tim: "Jack is having breakfast."

Tim said (that) … Jack was having breakfast.…
3. Jamy: "She's telling a joke."

Jamy told me (that) she was telling a joke.
4. Mavis: "The dog is running after the cat."
Mavis remarked (that) … the dog was running after the cat.
5. Peter: "I'm playing the piano."

Peter said (that) he was playing the piano.
6. Zack: "You're drinking tea."
Zack mentioned (that) I was drinking tea.
7. Ella: "It's not raining."

Ella remarked (that) it wasn't raining....
8. Jacob: "Riley is checking the computer."

Jacob said (that) Riley was checking the computer.
9. Owen: "They aren't watching TV."

Owen told me (that) they weren't watching TV.
10. Nora: "He is learning Spanish words."
Nora said (that) … he was learning Spanish words……...
11. "Lucy is reading a book in front of the fire"

She told me Lucy was reading a book in front of the fire.
12. "I'm not going out"

She said she was not going out...
13. "We are not visiting Paris during our trip"

She said they were not visiting Paris during their trip.
14. Grandma said “I was praying since morning”

… she had been praying since morning.
15. She said “I was trembling with fear”
………… She said she had been trembling with fear.
16. Boy said “I was roaming the street”

…… The boy said he had been roaming the street.…………
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cSKGa_7XJkg
Watch the following video and choose the correct answer:
1. According to the video, the quote “A lie can travel halfway around the world,
while the truth is putting on its shoes” was attributed to ……………
a. Mark Twain
b. Aristoteles
c. Anonymous
2. What is circular reporting?
a. Publication A publishes real information, publication B reprints it, and
publication A then cites B as the source for the information.
b. Publication A publishes misinformation information, publication B
reprints it, and publication A then cites B as the source for the
information.
c. Both
3. How many articles against routine vaccination were published in 1998?
a. Two
b. One
c. Three
4. Which one is false:
a. The article “Energy expenditure in adolescents playing new
generation computer games” was published in the British Medical
Journal.
b. The article “Energy expenditure in adolescents playing new generation
computer games” was fake.
c. The article “Energy expenditure in adolescents playing new generation
computer games” has been referenced in other publications over three
hundred times.
5. Which one is true?
a. User-generated content is always reliable
b. User-generated content isn’t a contributor to circular reporting
c. Wikis are examples of user-generated content
Can you write your own fake news?
Create a short fake news story about any topic you are knowledgeable about. Use
reported speech - Present and Past Continuous.
Remember, try not to make it obvious that the article is fake news
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………...
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
1. Where do you get your news? Which sources do you use?

2. What do you think about this sentence? ‘It must be true because I read it on the
internet.’
3. What do you understand by ‘fake news’? Brainstorm some keywords you
associate with it.
1. Do you think journalism could be a dangerous job? Yes -No /Why?
Yes, journalism can indeed be a dangerous job. Journalists often face various risks,
including physical harm, threats, harassment, and even imprisonment, particularly when
they cover sensitive or controversial issues.
2. What do you understand by "freedom of the press"?
"Freedom of the press" refers to the right of journalists to report news and express ideas
without censorship or undue interference. It is a fundamental aspect of freedom of
expression and a cornerstone of democratic societies.
3. Do you think Ecuadorian journalism has freedom of the press? Yes-No/Why?
Regarding the state of freedom of the press in Ecuador, I don't have real-time information.
Press freedom can be influenced by various factors, including legal frameworks, government
policies, and societal attitudes.
1. Match the following synonyms:
1. Journalism News reporting

2. Profession Career
3. Statement Announcement….
4. Correspondents Reporters
5. Grave Serious.
6. Deaths Fatalities
7. Wars Conflicts.
8. Spotlight Focus…….
9. Proved Turned out
10. Fatal Deadly
2. Write one sentence for each of the following words:
1. Statement / The spokesperson issued a formal statement addressing the recent

developments.
2. Correspondents / The correspondents on the ground provided real-time updates on the
unfolding events.
3. Spotlight / …The investigative report brought the spotlight onto the issues of
environmental sustainability.
4. Turned out / …What initially seemed like a minor incident turned out to be a significant
breakthrough in the investigation.
5. Deadly / …The authorities issued a warning about the potential consequences of
exposure to the deadly toxin.
1. Read the following article. What is the main idea?The main idea of the article is that
journalism is becoming an increasingly dangerous profession, as highlighted by the
media organization Reporters Without Borders (RSF) on World Press Freedom Day. The
article notes the rising number of journalist fatalities,
Breaking News
Journalism is becoming an increasingly

dangerous profession. This is according to
the media organization Reporters without
Borders (RSF-Reporteros Sin Fronteras).
In a statement made on May 3, World
Press Freedom Day, RSF reported that 53
correspondents were killed last year. This
makes 2004 the deadliest year for
reporters since 1995. Most of the
journalists were murdered by people who
did not want them to report the news. RSF
released an “Enemies of Press Freedom
Blacklist” on
its website to “name all those who have personally committed crimes or grave offences
against journalists.”
Unsurprisingly, Iraq was the world’s most dangerous country for journalists. A total of
56 reporters have been killed there in two years, compared with 49 deaths during the
1991-1995 wars in Yugoslavia. Vietnam is the costliest war: a total of 63 journalists
were killed, but that was over a 20-year period from 1955 to 1975. Asia is the second
deadliest place to report from, with sixteen journalist deaths last year. RSF put their
spotlight on three countries where news reporting proved to be fatal for journalists -
Bangladesh, Philippines and Sri Lanka.
2. Answer True or False:
1. Journalists around the world are facing ever more increasing dangers. T / F
2. Last year was the deadliest year ever for correspondents. T / F
3. Most journalists are killed in wars. T / F
4. Many people put journalists in graves. T / F
5. Somalia was cited as world’s most dangerous country for journalists. T / F
6. Vietnam is the costliest war in terms of journalist deaths. T / F
7. Asia is the second deadliest place in the world to report from. T / F
8. News reporting is dangerous in Bangladesh, Philippines and Sri Lanka. T / F
3. Answer the following personal questions:
1. Did you like this article? Yes-No /Why? Yes because it indicates what real life is like for a
journalist and how he deals with it.
2. Do you have more respect for journalists after reading this article?Yes, now when reading
this article I have more respect for them...
3. Would you like to be a journalist? Yes-No/Why? not because it is something risky when
trying to have a journalistic note.
Present Perfect
Indirect speech changes to past perfect.
"I have been to Spain", he told me. He told me that he had been to Spain.
“I haven’t seen Julie”, she said. She said (that) she hadn't seen Julie.
Have you eaten worms? asked Jenny. Jenny asked me if I had eaten
worms. Where have you traveled? asked Any. Any asked me where I had traveled.
Past Perfect
Indirect speech remains in the past perfect.
"I had just turned out the light," he explained. He explained that he had just turned out the light
“I hadn´t eaten anything”, she said. She said (that) she hadn´t eaten anything.
Had you traveled alone? asked Carl. Carl asked me if I had traveled alone.
Where had you been? asked Peter. Peter asked me where I had been.
A. Complete the sentences using reported speech (Present Perfect):
1. Kevin, “I have written four emails to my friends.”

Kevin said (that) he had written four emails to his friends..
2. Fred, “Justin hasn’t seen Amy.”

Fred said (that) Justin hadn't seen Amy...
3. Katie, “I have bought a new car.”

Katie said (that) she had bought a new car.…
4. Julia and Rob, “We haven’t prepared for the exam.”

Julia and Rob said (that) …they hadn't prepared for the exam...
5. Adam, “I have found an apartment.”

Adam said (that) he had found an apartment.
6. Phil, “Dad has cut the tree in the backyard.”

Phil said (that) Dad had cut the tree in the backyard.
7. Leo, “I have been to Germany eight times”

Leo said (that) he had been to Germany eight times..
8. Claire, “I have taken first place in the competition.”

Claire said (that) she had taken first place in the competition
9. Mark, “I have eaten three sandwiches.”

Mark said (that) he had eaten three sandwiches.
10. Ryan, “Andrew has finished his essay.”

Ryan said (that) …Andrew had finished his essay.
B. Complete the sentences using reported speech (Present or Past Perfect):
1. Grandma: "Dad has made breakfast."

Grandma said (that) …Dad had made breakfast.
2. Mia and Zoe: "We had cleaned the kitchen."

Mia and Zoe said (that) they had cleaned the kitchen.
3. Tom: "She has left the house."

Tom remarked (that) she had left the house.
4. Ella: "I have taken great photos."

Ella told me (that) she had taken great photos.
5. Max: "They hadn't written text messages."

Max said (that) they hadn't written text messages
6. Henry: "Lisa has tried skateboarding."

Henry mentioned (that) …Lisa had tried skateboarding.
7. Anna: "Richard had never touched a snake."

Anna said (that) …Richard had never touched a snake...
8. Lucas: "I haven't seen my brother since 2018."

Lucas remarked (that) he hadn't seen his brother since 2018..
9. Grace: "Ken has fed the pets."

Grace told me (that) …Ken had fed the pets.…
10. Ruby: "Adam had not collected stickers."

Ruby told me (that) Adam had not collected stickers.
11. Oliver and Jane, “We have ordered some food.”

Oliver and Jane said (that) they had ordered some food.
12. Elizabeth, “I haven’t watered the flowers.”

Elizabeth said (that) …she hadn't watered the flowers.
13. The car has broken down.”

Dad said (that)the car had broken down.down.
14. “I have read that book.”

Ben said (that)he had read that book.that book.
15. “I have seen the film.”

Lily said (that)she had seen the film..
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=13VJyqgZqGk
Watch the following video and choose True or False:
1. The person talking in the video was the editor-in-chief of the Guardian. T / F
2. The person´s name in the video is Alan Rusbridger. T / F
3. He wants journalists not to keep up the good fight. T / F
4. He thinks we have to reflect on how journalists fit in the world. T / F
5. He has helped politicians to hide truth facts. T / F
6. He thinks that if journalism is well done, it will speak for itself. T / F
7. He wants fewer people to decide to be journalists because of the danger. T / F
8. He thinks journalists must have commitment and passion for work despite
the bullying. T / F
9. Less than 63 journalists were killed for doing their jobs in 2018. T / F
10. He sees News like any other public service that societies need for existing. T / F
Choose any real and actual news from Ecuador or around the world. Write a short News
report about it. Remember to use reported speech for Present and Past Perfect Tenses, to
do this involve other people's statements. When you finish it, film a video reporting it
for TV news. Try to make the video the most realistic you can by choosing the
appropriate clothing and place.
What was the event?
A community-led environmental cleanup initiative aimed at improving the local park and raising
awareness about environmental conservation.
Where did it take place?
The event took place at Greenview Park, located in the heart of the city.
When did it take place? (Date and Time)
The environmental cleanup event took place on Saturday, November 20, 2023, from 9:00 AM to 12:00 PM.
Who was involved in the event?
Local residents, community leaders, environmental activists, and volunteers participated in the event. City
officials and representatives from environmental organizations also attended.
Why did it happen?
The event was organized to address the increasing environmental concerns in the community, including
littering and pollution in the park. The goal was to foster a sense of community responsibility and raise
awareness about the importance of maintaining a clean and sustainable environment.
How did the event happen?
The community gathered at Greenview Park with gloves, trash bags, and environmentally friendly cleaning
supplies. Local leaders and activists gave speeches highlighting the significance of environmental
conservation. Volunteers then dispersed across the park, collecting litter, cleaning pathways, and planting
native trees and flowers. The event concluded with a sense of accomplishment and a commitment from the
community to continue promoting environmental stewardship.
1. Have you ever left a message?
2. What was the message about?
3. Did the addressee receive the message correctly? Yes-No / Why not?
1. Complete the conversation ordering the following phrases:
1. Transmitter: Hi, am I calling the Smith family?

2. Receiver: Yes, here is the Smith family
3. Transmitter: …I am Miss Delia from work..
4. Receiver: Sorry, I’m afraid he is not here.
5. Receiver: …Would you like to leave a message?
6. Transmitter: Yes, tell him we’re having a meeting tomorrow at 7 a.m.
7. Receiver: …To confirm, you said you’re having a meeting tomorrow at 7 a.m.
8. Transmitter: …Yes, that’s right.
9. Receiver: Thank you for the call, I’ll pass your message.
10. Transmitter: …………………………………………………………
11. Receiver: ……………………………………………………………
1. Read the following article. What is the main idea?
Leaving a message
Business experts commonly contact clients, or individuals representing companies

with which official contracts or agreements have been made (or are in the process of
being made), with business phone calls. Business phone calls are utilized for
maximum professional dialogue, the mood and feelings of others to be better
understood, and are inherently personal; all these things combine to make business
phone calls ideal for individuals who wish to develop profitable and mutually
beneficial agreements. What a caller says during a business call conversation could
determine whether or not someone returns a phone call, and in turn, whether or not
valuable agreements are made. To understand a typical business phone call message,
consider the following example:
Secretary: Hello, Holton Incorporated. How can I help you?
Caller: Hello, my name is Jack Tempt and I represent Syfo Industries. I’m calling to
speak with Jared Lotner in marketing.
Secretary: I’m sorry, Mr. Lotner is in a meeting until three. May I ask why you’re
calling?
Caller: We spoke at a conference earlier this week, and he stated that he’d be
interested in learning more about the products that my company offers. Do you know
when he’ll be available?
Secretary: Unfortunately, I’m not sure when he’ll be finished. But I’d be happy to
tell him you called. May I have your name and phone number, please?
Caller: My name is Jack Tempt and my phone number is 569-349-1200. Please tell
Mr. Lotner that I’m very eager to speak with him, and that I have the warranty
information he requested.
Secretary: OK, I’ll let him know. Thanks for calling!
Caller: Thank you.
This business message might be a bit more polite and straightforward than most
“real life” messages, but it successfully captures the general tone and procedures of
the message-leaving process. Kindness, directness, and attentiveness will go a long
way during such messages, which will once again help to create long-term business
relationships. So long as a caller knows why he or she is calling and clearly provides
this information (in addition to his or her own phone number, of course) a business
call is likely to be successful.
2. Choose True or False:
1. Business phone calls are made to benefit professional agreements. T / F

2. If the receiver isn’t available, you must end the call immediately. T / F
3. The tone of a quality business call message must be clear and informative. T / F
4. There aren’t benefits of a successful business call. T / F
5. The most important information to leave during a business call message is the
date of the call. T /F
Future simple (Will)
Indirect speech uses “would”
She said, "I’ll go home early today." She said she would go home early today.
Time expressions:
Next year = the following year
Tomorrow = the next day / the following day
Modal verbs
She said, "I can go home early today." She said she could go home early today
She said, "I must go home early today." She said she had to go home early today.
She said, "What shall we learn today?" She asked what we should learn today.
She said, "May I open the window?" She asked if she might open the window.
Commands
Reported Orders, Commands and Requests are formed using the to-infinitive and not
to-infinitive. Direct speech: “Open the door!” Reported speech: He ordered me to open the
door.
Direct speech: “Don’t answer the phone.” Reported speech: She told me not to answer the phone.
A. Complete the sentences using reported speech:
1. 'I may go hiking next Saturday.'

He said that hemight go hiking the following Saturday.
2. 'Our family must live in that house.'

You said that our family had to live in that house.
3. 'I can't open this folder.'

He said he couldn't open the folder.
4. 'You must work next weekend.'

I said you had to work the next weekend.
5. 'My son may not travel to Europe.' (permission)

He said that his son might not have permission to travel to Europe.
6. 'She'll only sleep five hours tonight.'

He told me that she she would only sleep five hours tonight.
7. 'My friend Peter must be very clever.'

He said that his friend Petermust be very clever.
8. 'I may have to face him again,' said Williams.

Williams said that he he might have to face him again.
9. 'I will go fishing with my friends.'

I said that I would go fishing with with my friends.
10. 'You can't push the button.'

I told you that you couldn't push the button.
B. Complete the sentences using said or told:
1. My parents told me that I couldn’t go to the party.
2. James told Lilly that he was in love with her.
3. I said that I had already watched that movie.
4. Emily told us that she was moving.
5. William said it was going to rain.
6. We said that the dress was too expensive.
7. They told their teacher that they hadn't done their task.
8. You said that you wouldn't go with me.
9. Chloe said she was not going to swim in that river.
10. I told my brother that he should wear a helmet for safety.
C. Complete the sentences using reported speech (commands):
1. Andrew: "Clean the blue bike!"

Andrew told me …to clean the blue bike.
2. Jessica: "Write a text message!"

Jessica told me to write a text message
3. Nelly: "Help Peter's sister!"

Nelly told me to help Peter's sister.
4. Fred: "Wash your hands!"

Fred told me …wash my hands.
5. Anna: "Open the window!"

Anna told me …not to play football in the garden.
6. Karen: "Don't play football in the garden!"

Karen told me …to play football in the garden.
7. Teacher: "Don't forget your homework!"

The teacher reminded me not to forget my homework.
8. Mike: "Don't shout at Peter!"

Mike told me …not to shout at Peter.
9. Yvonne: "Don't talk to your neighbor!"

Yvonne told me not to talk to my neighbor.
1. Before listening write the proper phrase on each column:
▪ Would you like to leave a message?
▪ I'll give her your message when she comes back to the office.
▪ Here’s my email address.
▪ Please ask her to call me back.
▪ Thank you for calling.
▪ I’ll call back later.
▪ Could you take a message, please?
▪ Could you give me your number, please?
Taking a message Leaving a message
2. Listen to the audio (2D) and choose True or False.
1. Maria isn’t in a meeting. True False
2. Peter's number is 07460 990188. True False
3. Peter needs to give Maria the new project figures. True False
4. Peter might not be in a meeting later that afternoon. True False
5. Peter prefers Maria to email him back instead of calling back. True False
6. Peter's email address is peter.griffin@fresh.com True False

Rewrite the following messages using any of the tenses required in the reported speech:
Dr Kaushik said …………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………...
Raj said
Dr. Kaushik requested that I inform her that he had reviewed all her test reports. According to
him, there were no significant problems revealed. He mentioned that if there were no signs of
improvement, additional tests might be necessary. Dr. Kaushik advised her to persist with the
current set of medicines for a week. Furthermore, he scheduled her appointment with the
cardiologist at the Christ Hospital for four o'clock. It was emphasized that she must arrive on
time and bring all her reports.
1. Role-play a conversation in which one takes the message and the other student
receives the message, use vocabulary from this lesson.
Transmitter: …….…...
Receiver: …………....
Transmitter: ………....
Receiver:
2. Finally, one of them will give the message to the whole class using reported
speech.
he transmitter told me that Dr. Kaushik has reviewed all my test reports and thankfully, there are
no serious problems. If there's no improvement, he might suggest more tests. I've been advised to
continue with the current set of medicines for a week. Also, I have an appointment with the
cardiologist at the Christ Hospital at four o'clock. I need to be there on time with all my reports.
UNIT Lesson
2 2E
Autonomous work
1. Write one sentence for each term:
1. Gossip
………Rumors and casual conversation about the private lives of others.
2. Bush telegram
A rural or outback communication method involving spreading news or information across a

community.
3. Furphy
…A false or misleading rumor or story, often spread unintentionally.
4. Snippety
…Someone who provides small, concise pieces of information, often in a gossipy or selective
manner.y.
5. Announcement
…A formal public statement conveying information or news.
6. Focus Concentrating attention or effort on a particular subject or activity.

7. Reporters Individuals whose profession involves gathering and presenting news, often for
newspapers, television, or radio..
8. News reporting-:The process of collecting, investigating, and presenting news to the public
through various media channels.
9. Career
A person's course or progress through life, often in reference to their professional journey and
achievements.
1. Read the following text. Write the correct heading for each paragraph, one isn’t
needed:
a. Why fake news is hard to stop
b. How we can try and control fake news
c. Motives for creating fake news
d. The financial rewards of fake news
e. An example of a fake news story
f. How a fake news story can grow
The rise of fake news

1. An example of a fake news story
In December 2016 Edgar M. Welch drove six hours from his home to Washington DC,
where he opened fire in a pizzeria with an assault rifle. He had previously read an online
news story about the restaurant being the headquarters of a group of child abusers run
by Hillary Clinton. He decided to investigate for himself; fortunately, no one was hurt.
2. The rise of fake news
The story about Hillary Clinton is one of the most famous examples of the growing
phenomenon dubbed ‘fake news’. The conspiracy theory about the pizzeria began to
appear on websites and social networks in late October, before the US election. This
was quickly denounced by publications such as The New York Times and The
Washington Post. However, many people thought that these papers were themselves
lying for political ends and instead of disappearing, the fake story snowballed. Tweets
from ‘Representative Steven Smith of the 15th District of Georgia’ claimed that the
mainstream media were telling falsehoods. Even though both this name and district
were invented, the message was re-tweeted many times. A YouTube refutation of the
New York Times article got 250,000 hits.
3. Why fake news is hard to stop
Fake news stories can be hard to control for several reasons. Many people mistrust
established news sources and others just don’t read them, so the debunking of a fake
story by a serious newspaper or TV channel has limited effect. In addition, the internet
is very hard to police. When users are caught misusing one media platform, they simply
go to another one or start up a website themselves.
4. Motives for creating fake news
There are also various reasons why people create fake news. Some have political
motives, to belittle or incriminate their opponents. Other websites, like The Onion,
deliberately publish fake news as satire – humorous comment on society and current
affairs. Another group is in it for the profit: many people clicking on entertaining fake
news stories can bring in a lot of advertising revenue. One man running fake news sites
from Los Angeles said he was making up to US$ 30,000 a month in this way. There are
also those, like the small-town teenagers in Macedonia who wrote fake news stories
about Donald Trump, who seem to be motivated partly by money and partly by
boredom.
5. How we can try and control fake news
So, what can we do to stop fake news spreading? First, make sure that the websites you
read are legitimate, for example by looking carefully at the domain name and the About
Us section. Check the sources of any quotes or figures given in the story. Remember
that amazing stories about famous people will be covered by the mainstream media if
they are true. Only share stories you know are true and let your friends know, tactfully,
when they unknowingly share fake news. Together we can turn around the post-truth
world!
2. Read again and choose the correct answer:
1. Why did Elgar Welch go to the pizzeria?
a. He was trying to commit robbery.

b. He hated all supporters of Hillary Clinton.
c. He was working as a private investigator and investigating a crime.
d. He had become concerned after reading an untrue news story.
2. Why did many people not believe The Washington Post and The New York
Times when they denounced the pizzeria story?
a. They checked the facts and found that the articles were incorrect.
b. They didn't trust anybody.
c. They thought the newspapers had a political agenda.
d. They thought the newspapers had not researched the story carefully enough.
3. Who is Steven Smith?
a. a local politician from Georgia

b. a journalist on The New York Times
c. a member of the US House of Representatives
d. a fictitious person, created to attack the media
4. Which reason for the difficulty of controlling fake news stories is not given in
the article?
a. Many people don’t read the mainstream media.

b. Online media platforms don’t check stories before publishing them.
c. People are skeptical of the mainstream media.
d. Fake news stories can easily switch to other websites and platforms if caught.
5. Which type of motivation for the creation of fake news is not given?
a. It’s a way of making money from people who pay to read the stories.
b. It’s a way of commenting on current affairs.
c. It’s a way of attacking your political opponents.
d. It’s a form of entertainment.
6. How does the author feel about stopping fake news spreading?
a. cautiously optimistic
b. doubtful
c. positive
d. pessimistic
1. Complete the sentences with reported speech:
1. She told him, "Shut the door!"

She told him to shut the door.
2. He said, "I am going home now."

He said (that) "I am going home now."
3. Sam asked her, "Have you got 20 pounds?"

Sam asked her if she had 20 pounds.…
4. He wanted to know, "Which picture is the most famous one?"

He wanted to know which picture was the most famous one.
5. She said, "I was biking yesterday."

She said (that) …she had been biking the day before.
6. He was told, "Fill in the form!"

He was told …to fill in the form.
7. She said, "I am doing my homework.

She said (that) she was doing her homework.
8. They asked me, "Did Paul lose the match?"

They asked me …if Paul had lost the match.
9. He told her, "Don't call me before 7 o'clock!”

He told her …not to call him before 7 o'clock..
10. Mother said to me, "I will buy that book for you."
Mother said to me (that) …she would buy that book for me..
11. Cathy asked me, "Is the movie interesting or boring?"

Cathy asked me if the movie was interesting or boring.
12. She said to him, "I have invited you to my party."

She said to him (that) she had invited him to her party.
13. They wanted to know, "When is your birthday?"

They wanted to know …know when my birthday was.…
14. Susan said, "I like classical music."

Susan said (that) …she liked classical music.
15. She asked me, "Where did you meet her?"
She asked me … where I had met her.
1. Before watching the video, match some words and phrases with
their definitions:
Words / phrases Letter Definitions

1. To abide c a. To confront and deal with a difficult situation
2. Online grooming b. To trick or force a young person into doing
something sexual
3. To face up to b c. Comply with
something
4. To outline a d. The institution and conducting of legal
proceedings against someone
5. Lobbying j e. A general agreement
6. Criminal f. Laws, considered collectively
prosecution
7. Legislation h g. Work in an organized and active way towards a
particular goal
8. A consensus d h. To seek to influence on an issue
9. To campaign g i. Pleading
10. Urging on i j. To give a summary of
2. Watch the video and answer True or False:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pI8LVHXOSu4
1. Social media companies received fines for spreading illegal content.

2. Big-tech firms will legally have to provide safety of social media. true
3. Frida wonders how long will the legal process take. true
4. Frida urges that she is the only one who is dealing with her case. true
5. According to the secretary, YouTube will ban terrorist ideologies. true
6. The UK government proposes prosecution of all managers of social
media companies. false
7. Free speech will be protected by news websites. true
8. Ian Russel argues that UK government should have imposed stricter sanctions. true
1. Have you ever gone out with someone you’ve never met before and known little or
nothing about? Yes-No / How was it?
2. Do you know what a blind date is?
3. Do you like blind dates? Yes-No /Why?
1. Write the phrases in the correct definition.
1. To have a feeling of romantic love for someone,

especially someone you do not know well.
Having a crush on someone
2. When someone arrives late somewhere.

Blind dates turn up late
3. Romantic appointments with someone you

don't know.
Blind dates
4. When nothing is good enough for you.

Picky
5. When you can´t speak at all.

Can’t get a word in edgeways
6. It’s the mutual emotional connection between two people.

Having chemistry
7. Being cheerful.
Jolly
8. When something doesn´t have a good start.

Get off to a bad start
1. Read the following conversation. What is it about?
Nate: So, tell me, you had a blind date. What was it like?
Josh: Not a great one.
Nate: Not great. Oh, no.
Josh: So, first of all, I had a cold, so I wasn’t my usual jolly self.
Nate: OK.
Josh: As you can tell!
Nate: Yes.
Josh: But she turned up late, she didn’t apologize for being late, she knew she was late,
so things kind of got off to a bad start, and it was clear there was no…
Nate: No chemistry
Josh: Yeah, no chemistry.
Nate: Oh, no.
Josh: These things are always risky.
Nate: Yeah, of course. They’re always risky. What did she look like?
Josh: Well, she kind of looked like my mum.
Nate: Oh, no. That can’t be good.
Josh: I can’t fancy it’ll work.
Nate: Did your mum set up the date?
Josh: No, it was actually a cousin of mine. There seems to be some worry in the family
that I’m not finding love. Maybe it’s my fault, maybe I’m too picky.
Nate: Well, what did you guys talk about?
Josh: Well, I didn’t talk about anything. She did not stop talking.
Nate: Oh, no.
Josh: I could not get a word in edgeways.
Nate: What did she talk about?
Josh: Well, she talked about her ex-boyfriend, she talked about how much she wanted to
travel, she talked about why she’s a vegetarian…
Nate: OK.
Josh: All sorts of stuff, man.
Nate: Well, I have a new friend, I could introduce you to her.
Josh: I think I’m going to take a sabbatical to be honest. This has really put me off…
Nate: …OK, OK. I’ll check back with you in a couple of weeks.
Josh: If you’re ever free, let me know.
Nate: OK!
Choose True or False:
1. Nate was sick on his blind date. T/F

2. Josh arrived late to his blind date. T/F
3. Josh didn’t feel any chemistry with this girl. T / F
4. Josh’s cousin set up the blind date. T/F
5. The girl didn´t talk much on the date. T/F
6. Josh is eager to date someone else soon. T/F
It’s is used to talk about something that started in the past and is continuing at the
present time.
Example: I have been reading War and Peace for a month now.
Affirmative
Subject + have/has + been + verb-ing
Mia has been competing in flute competitions recently
Negative
Subject + have/has not + been + verb-ing
I haven’t been feeling well lately.
Interrogative
(Wh-word) + have/has + subject + been + verb-ing
Has she been running?
Where has she been running?
With verbs not normally used in the continuous form, use the simple present perfect
instead (verbs such as: know, hate, hear, understand, want).
I've wanted to visit China for years.
She's known Robert since she was a child.
I've hated that music since I first heard it.
I've heard a lot about you recently.
We've understood everything.
A. Choose the correct answer:
1. She here for five years.

a. have been working
b. has been working
c. has been work
2. I all day.
a. have been studying
b. has been studying
c. am being studying
3. You a lot recently.
a. have being eat
b. has been eating
c. have been eating
4. We in London for six months.
a. Have being living
b. Has been living
c. Have been living
5. He football, so he's tired.
a. has being playing
b. has been played
c. has been playing
B. Complete the sentences with the present perfect continuous form:
1. They have been learning(learn) English for two years.
2. I have been cooking(cook) so I'm really hot.
3. She has been going(go) to the cinema every weekend for years.
4. It has been raining,(rain), the pavement is wet.
5. You have been sleeping(sleep) for twelve hours.
6. I have not been working(not/work) today.
7. You have not been eating(not/eat) well recently.
8. We have not been exercising(not/exercise) enough.
9. She has not been studying.(not/study).
10. They have not been living(not/live) here for very long.
11. He has not been playing(not/play) football for five years.
12. We have not been drinking(not/drink) enough water - that's why we feel tired.
13. I have not been sleeping(not/sleep), I was reading.
14. They have not been watching(not/watch) TV much recently.
15. Andrewhas not been living in the country since 2015. (not/ live)
16. How long have your grandparentsbeen driving this car? (drive)
17. Theyhaven't cycled today. (not/cycle)
18. Tonyhas not read his book, but Mary has. (not/read)
19. How long ……has he been waitingfor her? (wait)
20. Has. Andy been working on the blue car all day? (work)
21. My brotherhas not been studying hard enough. (not/study)
22. How long have they been lookingfor a flat? (look)
23. I have not donemy homework recently. (not/do)
24. …Have you been sleeping the whole morning? (sleep)

Watch the following video and choose True or False:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V5PzDHbAtO4
1. She thinks the service in the place has improved. T/F

2. They met through a dating app. T/F
3. She always googles people before dating with them. T / F
4. The woman approached to make a compliment to him. T / F
5. He is almost retired from work. T/F
6. Rachel is Amela’s friend. T/F
Work in Pairs. Write a funny role-play (200 words) performing a first blind date.
Remember to use the Present Perfect Continuous. If it is feasible, you can use the
vocabulary of this lesson.
"The Unusual Blind Date"
Amy - an enthusiastic, talkative woman

Bob - a laid-back, easygoing man
[Scene: A cozy coffee shop. Amy and Bob are meeting for the first time.]
Amy: Hi there! I'm Amy. Nice to finally meet you!
Bob: Hey, Amy! I'm Bob. Pleasure's all mine.
Amy: So, tell me, Bob, what have you been up to lately?
Bob: Well, I've been working on my interpretive dance moves. You know, just in case I need to
express myself without words.
Amy: (laughs) Interpretive dance, huh? That's unique! I've been studying the art of juggling
spaghetti. It's harder than it sounds!
Bob: (grinning) Spaghetti juggling? That's a skill! I can imagine the mess if it goes wrong.
Amy: Exactly! And speaking of mess, I've been redecorating my living room with mismatched
furniture. It's the latest trend, you know.
Bob: (raised eyebrows) Mismatched furniture? Bold move! I've been perfecting my
pancake-flipping technique. Breakfast is serious business.
Amy: (nodding) Pancake skills are essential! Oh, and I've been practicing my stand-up comedy
routine. I figure a good laugh is the key to anyone's heart.
Bob: (laughs) You're a woman of many talents, Amy. I've been perfecting my ability to identify
different types of clouds. It's a skill that comes in handy, especially during awkward silences.
Amy: (giggles) Cloud expertise! That's impressive, Bob. This date might just be the start of
something hilariously unique!.
Perform the role play with your partner.

1. What is an anecdote?
2. Have you had any fun anecdotes? Tell about it briefly.
1. Choose the correct word from the chart to complete the story.
Wrong Classroom
1. First of all , I have to say I was with my head in another

place. On my first day of class in Fine-Tuned English, I got
confused and went into the wrong classroom. I had been
looking for cheap flights for my vacation so I was out of my
mind. I didn’t even realize that I was in the wrong room
when the class ended. 2Later on I had already made friends.
3By that point, the teacher started the class and it was so
funny. 4At that moment, my classmates were the same age as
me, so that is why I didn’t have doubts about my class. The
next day, I 5 Finally realized what had happened because
my best friend asked “Why you weren’t in class yesterday?
You’re my classmate.” 6 …Also., I and my friend laughed so
loud that everyone that passed by started to look at us like
we were crazy. 7 In the end, I felt so embarrassed because
my “classmates” had been inviting me to parties and I
accepted.
Answer the following question:
What is an anecdote?
a. It is simply a story that’s short and self-contained. Most anecdotes revolve
around a central theme or event without too much complexity. Anecdotes
can be true or fictional (or somewhere in between when it comes to
exaggeration).
b. It is simply a story that’s short and self-contained. Most anecdotes revolve

around a central theme or event with a lot of complexity. Anecdotes can be true
or fictional (or somewhere in between when it comes to exaggeration).
1. Read the following story. Who are the main characters of the story?
Who are they? What had they been doing?

Where had they been going?
Donald and Elizabeth had been driving to church before they stopped. They had been
driving down a dirt road when they heard a strange noise. Donald stopped the car. He
got out of the car. Then, he helped Elizabeth out of the car. Elizabeth sat and waited for
Donald.
Donald looked at the car. It had been going for an hour or so. He knew how to fix cars.
He had been working as a mechanic for 5 years before he moved to the country. Donald
got his tools. He looked under the hood. It seemed that the engine had been heating up.
He crawled under the car.
Donald had been working on the car for a while when Jake parked beside him. Jake had
been driving home when he saw Donald and Elizabeth on the side of the road. Jake
helped Donald fix the car. Donald thanked Jake for his help. Elizabeth waved to Jake as
they drove away. Thanks to Jake's help, they arrived at church on time.
Answer the following questions:
1. Where had Donald and Elizabeth been driving before the car stopped?
They had been driving to church before the car stopped..
2. How long had the car been going before it stopped?

…………………………………………………………………………………….
3. How long had Donald been working as a mechanic before he moved to the
country?
…………………………………………………………………………………….
4. Where had Jake been driving when he saw Donald and Elizabeth?
…………………………………………………………………………………….
5. How many characters are there in the story?

…………………………………………………………………………………….
6. What was the problem with the car?

…………………………………………………………………………………….
7. Who finally fixed the car?

…………………………………………………………………………………….
8. How was the road?

…………………………………………………………………………………….
The past perfect continuous (also known as the past perfect progressive) is a verb tense
that shows that an action that started in the past continued up until another time in the
past.
Example: I had been working at the company for five years when I got the promotion.
Affirmative
Subject + had + been + verb-ing
Martha had been walking three miles a day before she broke her leg.
Negative
Subject + had not + been + verb-ing
We hadn't been living there long
Interrogative
(Wh-word) + had + subject + been + verb-ing
Had you been working?
Where had you been working?
1. When I got home, my mother off the TV because she the news.
a. had turned / had just been watching
b. had been turning / had watched
c. had been turning / had watched
2. They for hours and track of the time.

a. had been waiting / was
b. had been waiting / had lost
c. had waited / was
3. I about moving last week.

a. had been dreamt
b. was dreaming
c. had been dreaming
4. When the factory closed, she there for 20 years.

a. didn't had been worked
b. didn't worked
c. hadn't been working
5. I was sad when I my house because I it for a long time.

a. had sold / had been having
b. sold / had had
c. had sold / had
B. Complete the sentences with the past perfect continuous form:
1. I (work) all day, so I didn't want to go out.

2. She (sleep) for ten hours when I woke her up.
3. They (live) in Beijing for three years when
he lost his job.
4. When we met, you (work) at that company
for six months.
5. We (eat) all day, so we felt a bit ill.
6. He was red in the face because he (run) …………………………………. .
7. It (rain) and the road was covered in water.
8. I was really tired because I (study) …………………………………. .
9. We …………………………………. (go) out for three years when we got
married.
10. It (snow) for three days.
11. We (sleep) for 12 hours when he woke us up.
12. They …………………………………. (wait) at the station for 90 minutes
when the train finally arrived.
13. We …………………………………. (look for) her ring for two hours and
then we found it in the bathroom.
14. I …………………………………. (not/walk) for a long time, when it
suddenly began to rain.
15. How long …………………………………. (learn/she) English before she
went to London?
16. Frank Sinatra caught the flu because he ………………………………….
(sing) in the rain too long.
17. He (drive) less than an hour when he ran out
of petrol.
18. They were very tired in the evening because they
……………………………. (help) on the farm all day.
19. I …………………………………. (not/work) all day; so I wasn't tired and
went to the disco at night.
20. They (cycle) all day so their legs were sore
in the evening.
Watch the following video (until 2:25 time), what is the anecdote about?
https://acortar.link/c4LGPJ
1. Kelvin was playing a football game the same day of his birthday. T/F
2. Kelvin thought their friends had forgotten his birthday. T/F
3. They won the football match. T/F
4. Kelvin felt happy that his friends had forgotten his birthday. T/F
5. Kelvin felt happy when he discovered his birthday surprise. T/F
6. Kelvin’s friends spread him with wine. T/F
Write a funny short anecdote (100 words), include the connectors from the vocabulary.
Remember to use the Past Perfect Continuous.
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
Tell your fun anecdote to the whole class. The whole class can make up to three
questions to know more details about your story, so get ready to answer them at that
moment.
1. Are you afraid of going to the doctor? Yes-No / Why?
2. How often do you attend medical appointments?
1. Write the correct word from the chart to complete the following common phrases
used in medical appointments.
1. I have not been feeling at all well lately, so I would like to make an ……………
to see Dr Bosang, please.
2. I have my finger.
3. I have a in my stomach.
4. I have had a severe ache for four days.
5. I need to see a doctor urgently, please. I think I need a for an

antibiotic.
6. I need an appointment with the dentist, please. I have a in my tooth

which is hurting me very badly.
7. Good morning. This is Jody Miller calling. I would like to an

appointment with one of your dentists, please
8. I have to work during the day on Tuesday and Wednesday. Do you have an
appointment on Thursday or Friday?
1. Read the following conversation. What is it about?
Doctor: What can I help you with today, Joe?

Joe: I have been having severe pain in my stomach, doctor.
Doctor: How long have you been experiencing these symptoms for?
Joe: It has been going on for about four days and I get cramps several times a day.
Doctor: Oh dear! What part of your abdomen are you getting the cramps in?
Joe: At first it was in the middle but now it is low down on the right-hand side.
Doctor: Have you been able to eat and drink or have you been sick?
Joe: My appetite has not been good at all and I do experience some nausea most days. I
was not able to sleep at all last night with the pain, even though I took painkillers.
Doctor: I’m sorry to hear that, Joe. I will need to examine your abdomen. Can you lie
down on the couch over here please, so that I can check your abdomen to see where it is
tender? Does it hurt when I press here?
Joe: Yes, that hurts a lot.
Doctor: I will check the other side. Does it hurt on this side?
Joe: No, that side is fine.
Doctor: In order to make a diagnosis I will need to send you for an x-ray, Joe! Take this
referral letter to the Radiology Department at the hospital. Don’t worry. The x-ray will
determine what treatment you will need.
Joe: Do you think I will need an operation?
Doctor: I hope not Joe, but we have to be certain.
Joe: Thank you, doctor.
Doctor: You’re very welcome, Joe. Be sure to bring your health insurance details with
you. Best of luck, Joe. We will be in touch with you later in the day when we hear from
the hospital with the diagnosis.
Choose the correct answer: 4. Which side has Joe been
feeling pain?
1. Joe has been sick for: a. Right
a. two days b. Left
b. three days c. Both
c. four days 5. Which medical exam did the
2. Where has Joe been feeling the doctor send?
pain? a. X-ray
a. tummy b. Blood
b. arm c. Both
c. finger 6. Which medical treatment
3. Which other symptoms has Joe does Joe need?
presented? a. Painkillers
a. nausea b. Operation
b. appetite c. He doesn´t know yet
c. headache 7. Does Joe have a
health insurance?
a. Yes
b. No
We use the present perfect simple with action verbs to emphasize the completion of an
event in the recent past. We use the present perfect continuous to talk about ongoing
events or activities which started at a time in the past and are still continuing up until
now.
Examples:
I’ve written the Politics essay. Completed event.
I’ve been writing the Politics essay. Ongoing activity: I’m still writing it.
Sometimes we can use both forms, and the meaning is the same:
I’ve lived here for 20 years. I’ve been living here for 20
years.
Warning:
The present perfect continuous form is not normally used with verbs that refer to actions
that are completed at a single point in time such as start, stop, finish:
Has the concert started already? Not: Has the concert been starting already?
Mental process and sense verbs
Some verbs are not used very often in the continuous form.
We don’t use the continuous form with verbs of mental process (know, like, understand,
believe):
They haven’t known each other for very long
Not: They haven’t been knowing each other for very long.
We don’t use the continuous form with verbs of the senses (hear, smell, taste)
Have you heard the news? Not: Have you been hearing the news?
Spoken English:
In speaking you will sometimes hear these verbs used in the continuous form to refer to
events that are ongoing or temporary:
I’ve been hearing some strange noises coming from outside.
1. She has letters all morning.

a. written
b. been writing
2. She has six letters this morning.

a. written
b. been writing
3. I've this watch since I was at school.

a. had
b. been having
4. We've a great time. Why don't you join us?

a. had
b. been having
5. Your voice sounds strange. Have you
a. been drinking?
b. drunk?
6. I've to call her all morning.

a. tried
b. been trying
7. How long have you , Mr. Simpkins?

a. waited
b. been waiting
8. I've him that all day.

a. told
b. been telling
9. If I've you once, I've you a thousand times, do not climb

on that wall!
a. been telling
b. told
10. I've her five times this morning.

a. called
b. been calling
11. What has she to her hair? It looks awful!

a. done
b. been doing
12. I've enough, thanks.

a. been having
b. had
13. We've up the Christmas decorations. Are you going to help?

a. been putting
b. put
14. We've to find a new flat but they're all so expensive.

a. tried
b. been trying
15. Sorry about the mess - I've the kitchen.

a. painted
b. been painting
16. She's in five different countries at various times in her life.

a. lived
b. been living
Watch the following video, what is it about?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nlzkXz0AeQk
1. Where has she been having pain? …………………………….

2. What hasn't she been able to do? ……………………………..
3. How long has she had the pain? ………………………………
4. Does she have bowel movement problems? ………………….
5. What are the causes for getting constipation? ………………...
…………………………………………………………………
6. Does the doctor prescribe medication? Yes-No? Which one?
…………………………………………………………………
Work in pairs. Write a role-play conversation between you and a doctor (100 words).
Remember to use the Present Perfect Simple and Continuous and the vocabulary from
the lesson.
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
Perform your role-play in front of the whole class.

1. Have you ever had unusual experiences?
2. Do you know any unsolved real-life mystery story? What was it about?
A. Write the correct word from the chart to complete the sentences:
flash hooted pints grab careful rubbed

strange shouted hissed stretching meant find
1. What I is that you need to improve your writing skills.

2. I can´t my keys, I need them to open the door.
3. Take the picture without , it bothers my eyes.
4. I heard a noise in the attic yesterday evening.
5. You have to be while driving, don´t talk on the phone!
6. I saw a ghost, I even my eyes to check it wasn´t my imagination.
7. My mom was so annoyed that she… at me “clean your room!”
8. My dog likes to my shoes to play. I don’t know why I buy him toys.
9. John lost a lot of blood in the accident, he needs a few to recover.
10. The president was by the crowd in the park, they are not happy with his
administration.
11. The snake and went away after hearing the shot.
12. I was my body before doing my exercise routine, I don´t want to get
injured.
B. Write your own sentences with the following words:
1. Hooted / …………………………………………………………………….
2. Hissed / ……………………………………………………………………..
3. Rubbed / ……………………………………………………………………
4. Grab / ……………………………………………………………………….
1. Read the following story and complete it with the words in the box:
flash hooted pints grab careful rubbed

strange shouted hissed stretching meant find
Last night I was walking home next to the river Thames when something 1. ………….
happened to me. It was late at night and I’d had a long and difficult day at work. There
was a large full moon in the sky and everything was quiet. I was tired and lonely and I’d
just had a few 2. of beer in my local pub, so I decided to stop by the riverside and
look at the moon for a while. I sat on some steps very close to the water’s edge and
looked up at the big yellow moon and wondered if it really was made of cheese. I felt
very tired so I closed my eyes and after a few minutes, I fell asleep. When I woke up,
the moon had moved behind a cloud and it was very dark and cold. The wind was
blowing and an owl
3. ……….. in a tree above me. I 4. my eyes and started to get up, when suddenly
I heard a splash. I looked down at the water and saw something. Something frightening
and unlike anything I’d ever seen before. Something was coming out of the water and
moving towards me. Something green and strange and ugly. It was a long green arm and
it was 5. ……….. out from the water to 6. my leg. I was so scared that I
couldn’t
move. I’d never been so scared in my whole life. The cold green hand was moving
closer and closer when suddenly there was a blue 7. and a strange noise from behind
me.
Someone jumped onto the stairs next to me. He was wearing strange clothes and he had
a crazy look in his eyes. He 8. “Get Back!” and pointed something at the
monster
in the water. There was a bright flash and the monster 9. ……….. and disappeared. I
looked up at the man. He looked strange, but kind. “Don’t fall asleep by the river when
there’s a full moon”, he said “The Moon Goblins will get you.” I’d never heard of moon
goblins before. I didn’t know what to do. “Who… who are you?” I asked him. “You can
call me… The Doctor.” He said. I was trying to think of something else to say when he
turned around and said, “Watch the stars at night, and be 10. of the full
moon”.
I was trying to understand what he 11. , when there was another blue flash and
I closed my eyes. When I opened them again, he had gone. I couldn’t believe what had
happened. What on earth were Moon Goblins, and who was the mysterious Doctor?
And why had he saved me? I was determined to 12. the answers to these strange
questions. I stood up, looked at the moon and quickly walked home.
We use the past perfect simple with action verbs to emphasize the completion of an
event. We use the past perfect continuous to show that an event or action in the past was
still continuing.
The builders had put up the scaffolding around the house.
Past perfect simple emphasizes the completion of the action (the scaffolding is up).
The builders had been putting up the scaffolding when the roof fell in.
Past perfect continuous emphasizes a continuing or ongoing action.
We use the past perfect simple to refer to the completion of an activity and the past
perfect continuous to focus on the activity and duration of the activity.
I’d waited an hour for the bus.

Past perfect simple emphasizes the completion of the activity (the waiting is over).
I’d been waiting an hour for the bus.

Past perfect continuous focuses on the duration of the activity.
The past perfect simple suggests something more permanent than the past perfect
continuous, which can imply that something is temporary.
She’d always lived with her parents. We don’t know how long.
She’d been living with her parents. Suggests a temporary
situation
We don’t use the continuous form with some verbs of mental process (know, like,
understand, believe) and verbs of the senses (hear, smell, taste):
We’d known for a long time that the company was going to close.
Not: We’d been knowing …
We’d tasted the milk and had decided it was bad, so we threw it away.
Not: We’d been tasting the milk …
We don’t use the continuous form with actions that are completed at a single point in time
(start, stop):
Had they started the game on time? Not: Had they been starting the game on time?
A. Complete the sentences with the Past Perfect Simple or Continuous:
1. Peter was Sally's best friend. She (know) him all her
life.
2. The children were wet because they (play) football
in the rain.
3. We were very hungry because we (not / eat).
4. Everything was white because it (snow).
5. I was delighted when I found my keys. I (look) for
them for hours.
6. She was exhausted because she ……………………………. (work) since eight
o'clock that morning.
7. The passengers were cross because the airline (lose)
everyone's bags.
8. I (not / see) Jacob for several years, but I recognized
him immediately.
9. Mike (visit) his friends before he went abroad for two
months.
10. Paul (repair) his car for two days before he called the
mechanic.
11. Pamela ……………………………. (dance) for two hours before her boyfriend
arrived.
12. Melany ……………………………. (clean) her house by the time the guests
arrived.
13. My brother (apologize) before I felt angry with him.
14. The athletes (run) around the stadium for some time
before they were stopped by their coach.
15. The pirates (escape) before the rescue team arrived.
16. The sales manager ……………………………. (describe) the advantages of his
product for about half an hour before I agreed to buy some samples.
17. I (wake up) before my alarm clock rang.
18. The kids ……………………………. (make) a lot of mess before their mother
came back home from work.
19. The teacher ……………………………. (correct) our dictations for several
minutes by the time the bell rang.
20. Susan (work over) her thesis for two months before
her supervisor told her that she was on the wrong path.
21. You ……………………………. (leave) the party by the time everything
happened.
22. Jack (play) online games for an hour before I came.
23. The new students ……………………………. (wait) in the classroom for 15
minutes before they realized that it was the wrong classroom.
Watch the following video, what is it about?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B_VWnXMalQI
Circle the correct answer:
1. Whose the story? Rory J. Rosy J. Roxy J.

2. Where were they camping? Canada Missouri USA
3. Who was chased by the bear? Rory J. Sean None
4. Who got stuck to the bear? Sean Rory Both
5. How many people was with Rory? Six Seven Five
Write a mystery story you had experienced (150 words maximum). Remember to use
Past Perfect simple and Past Perfect Continuous.
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
Tell your story to the whole class. The whole class can make up to three questions to
know more details about your story, so get ready to answer them at that moment
UNIT Lesson
3 3E
Autonomous work
1. Guess the synonyms for each word in the list and place them in the crossword:
Across
1. difficult
3. rare
6. screamed
7. happy
8. injured
9. take
Down
2. cautious
4. belly
5. puffiness
10. scrub
A. Read the following text. What is the main idea?
1. Leopard seals lifestyle

2. Paul Nicklen and his love for the Arctic and Antarctica
3. The importance of protecting the Artic
Paul Nicklen’s Polar Obsession
For most people, the Arctic and Antarctica are strange places that we know very little
about. Paul Nicklen’s collection of photographs and stories, Polar Obsession, offers an
excellent introduction.
Nicklen grew up on an island in Northern Canada, where he learned all about the
outdoors from his Inuit1 neighbors. Ever since that time, he has loved animals, cold
weather, and adventure.
As a photojournalist, Nicklen has spent a lot of time in icy polar waters. He has
followed sea lions, dived with whales, and studied polar bears. One of the most exciting
parts of the book covers Nicklen’s unforgettable encounter with a leopard seal in
Antarctica.
As the photographs clearly show, leopard seals are very large—up to 12 feet (4 meters)
long and weighing over 1000 pounds (450 kilograms). They have huge, sharp teeth, and
they move quickly through the water searching for food such as fish and penguins.
Leopard seals can be dangerous, but this didn’t stop Nicklen from trying to photograph
one. When a huge seal approached his boat, Nicklen got into the water. He was shaking
with fear, but much to his surprise the seal treated him gently. She even tried to feed
him! The seal brought him penguins to eat, and he photographed her. Nicklen says it
was the most incredible experience that he has ever had as a photographer.
In Polar Obsession, Nicklen shows us the beauty of the polar world and his passion for
it. He also helps us to understand the importance of protecting it.
1 Inuit: indigenous people living in Arctic regions of Alaska, Canada, and Greenland
B. Write the phrase that completes each sentence:
1. Nicklen’s neighbors taught him all about ………………………………..…..

2. Nicklen has spent a lot of time working in …………………………………...
3. Nicklen’s most incredible experience was with ……………………………...
4. He was frightened because …………………………………………………....
5. The leopard seal offered Nicklen ……………………………………………..
A. Complete the sentences with the Present Perfect Simple and Present Perfect
continuous:
1 (they/arrive) already?
2. Lucy (run) 2000 meters today.
3. I (clean) all morning - I'm fed up!
4. How long (you/know) Simon?
5. I (drink) more water recently, and I feel better.
6. Sorry about the mess! I (bake).
7. How many times (you/take) this exam?
8. He (eat) six bars of chocolate today.
9. Julie (cook) dinner. Let's go and eat!
10. The students ……………………………. (finish) their exams. They're very
happy.
11. The baby's face is really dirty. What (he/eat)?
12. Iona is exhausted these days. She ……………………………. (work) too hard
recently.
13. Luke (never/be) abroad.
14. I (wait) three hours already!
15. (you/finish) your homework yet?
16. How long (you/be) a lawyer?
17. I (read) your book all day. It's very interesting, but
I'm only on chapter 2.
18. She (drink) ten glasses of water!
19. I (have) my dog for sixteen years.
20. Help, I (lose) my wallet. How can I get home?
B. Complete the sentences with the Past Perfect Simple and Past Perfect
continuous:
1. He (marry) her two years before we met.

2. James told me you… (buy) the old vicarage two years before your
son’s birth.
3. I wish we (buy) had bought it before.
4. When I arrived at the station, the train… (leave).
5. He (play) tennis for 4 hours when he broke his leg.
6. The dog came into the house once she (finish) the housework.
7. He (drive) his car for 10 minutes when he realized it had a flat
tire.
8. She (throw) the letter away when she noticed it was not
important.
9. He (swim) for 15 minutes when he understood he had lost his
swimsuit
10. It… (rain) for one hour when the wind started to blow.
11. He rushed to the baker’s when he saw his wife (forget) buy
some bread.
12. Sarah was exhausted. She (wash) the dishes for more than three
hours.
13. When he saw her, he knew he (meet) her before.
14. When he phoned her, she (go) out.
15. When Ron arrived, the party… (already/begin).
16. The children… (already/go) to bed when their mother came from
work.
17. If I (not/be) absent yesterday, I would have met him
18. I was very tired when I arrived home. I (work) hard all day.
19. When I arrived at the party, Tom wasn’t there. He (go) home
20. When we got home last night, we found that somebody… (break)
into the flat.
A. Watch the video and choose the correct answer:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R-VRAemIvbI&t=3s
1. For the Celts, 31st October was... 4. When the Irish arrived in
a. he last day of the year. America, they...
b. a day to be with their families. a. introduced Halloween there
c. the day they celebrated their music for the first time.
festival. b. changed the way Halloween
was celebrated.
2. That day, the villagers lit big c. invented some new
bonfires... traditions, such as bobbing
a. to communicate with the spirits from the apple or playing tricks.
the spirit world.
b. to attract ghosts. 5. The children wore masks...
c. to send the ghosts back to their a. to scare people.
world. b. to pretend they were ghosts.
c. to hide their identity.
3. All Saints Day...
a. appeared after the Catholic Church 6. The neighbors gave candy to the
had eliminated Samhain (the Celtic youngsters...
celebration). a. so that they didn't vandalize
b. was used to transform Samhain into their houses.
a catholic celebration. b. in exchange for help with the
c. was used to eliminate the belief in cleaning.
reincarnation. c. because they were poor
1. Tell when someone made a positive or negative assumption about you
2. How did the assumption make you feel?
3. How did you respond?
A. Write the synonyms and antonyms for each word.
Term Synonymous Antonym

1. Polite
2. Kindness
3. Overlook
4. Selfish
5. Stumble
6. Slip
7. Flaws
8. Humility
9. Successful
10. Forgive
B. Write sentences using the following terms:
1. Polite / ………………………………………………….
2. Kindness / ………………………………………………
3. Overlook / ………………………………………………
4. Selfish / …………………………………………………
5. Stumble / ………………………………………………..
6. Slip / …………………………………………………….
7. Flaws / …………………………………………………..
8. Humility / ……………………………………………….
9. Successful / ……………………………………………..
10. Forgive / …………………………………………………
A. Read the following text. What is it about?
5 Assumptions We Need to Stop Making About Other People
1. We need to stop assuming that the happiest people are simply the ones who
smile the most. – Behind the polite smiles and greetings people give you, some
are hurting and lonely. Don’t just come and go. See them. Care. Share. Listen.
Love. We can’t always see people’s pain, but they can always feel our kindness.
So be kinder than necessary.
2. We need to stop assuming that the people we love and respect won’t disappoint
us. – When we expect perfection, we tend to overlook goodness. And the truth
is, no one is perfect. At times, the confident person loses confidence, the patient
people misplace their patience, the generous person acts selfishly, and the
informed second-guess what they know. It happens to all of us too. We make
mistakes, we lose our tempers, and we get caught off guard. We stumble, we
slip, and we fall sometimes. But that’s the worst of it… we have our moments.
Most of the time we’re pretty darn good, despite our flaws. So, treat the people
you love accordingly—give them the space to be human.
3. We need to stop assuming that the people who are doing things differently are
doing things wrong. – We all take different roads seeking fulfillment, joy, and
success. Just because someone isn’t on your road, doesn’t mean they are lost.
4. We need to stop assuming that the people we disagree with don’t deserve our
compassion and kindness. – The exact opposite is true. The way we treat people
we strongly disagree with is a report card on what we’ve learned about love,
compassion, kindness and humility.
5. We need to stop assuming that other people are our reason for being unhappy,
unsuccessful, etc. – We may not be able to control all the things people say and
do to us, but we can decide not to be reduced by them. We can choose to forgive,
or we can choose to forget. We can choose to stay, or we can choose to go. We
can choose whatever helps us grow. There’s always a positive choice to make.
Thus, the only real, lasting conflict you will ever have in your life won’t be with
others, but with yourself… and how you choose to respond… and the daily
rituals you choose to follow.
B. Choose True or False:
1. Smiley people are the happiest. T/F

2. We must be tough on our loved ones when they fail us. T/F
3. If people take different ways from yours, it is OK. T/F
4. Different points of view must not be a reason for hate. T/F
5. People are responsible for our unhappiness. T/F
6. We can't control people's actions but how we react to them. T / F
We use them for: Talking about a possibility, expressing a regret, making a
recommendation or criticism, elaborating on deductions and expressing disbelief, all of
them about the past.
Must have
We use must have + past participle when we feel sure about what happened.
The thief must have had a key. The door was locked and nothing was broken.
Might have / May have

We can use might have or may have + past participle when we think it's possible that
something happened.
I think I might have left the air conditioning on. Please can you check?
Police think the suspect may have left the country using a fake passport.
“May have” is more formal than “might have”. “Could have” is also possible in this
context but less common.
Would have / Could have

We’ve all been in situations where we wanted to do something, but for some reason, we
didn’t or we couldn’t. “Would have” is a perfect fit for those situations:
I would have called you earlier, but my phone died. (= I had the intention to call you but
my battery went flat.)
“Could have” to talk about something that was possible in the past, but didn’t happen.
The speaker had the chance to do something but voluntarily decided not to:
I could have ignored his calls, but I decided to give him a second chance.
Can´t have / Couldn’t have

We use can't have and couldn't have + past participle when we think it's not possible that
something happened.
She can't have driven there. Her car keys are still here.
I thought I saw Adnan this morning but it couldn't have been him – he's in Greece this
week.
Should have
When giving advice or suggesting what seemed to be the best solution in a given
situation in the past (but probably did not happen), we use “should have” or “ought to
have”:
You should have gone there straight away.
You ought to have spent more time with your family.
1. I'm sorry but Mr. Banks isn't here. He left.
a. can't have
b. might have
c. must have
d. should have
2. We really enjoyed the movie. You come with us.
a. might have
b. can't have
c. must have
d. should have
3. They bought a new house. They are both unemployed.
a. can't have
b. might not have
c. mustn't have
d. could have
4. He studied nothing and passed the exam, so he cheated.
a. can have
b. must have
c. ought to have
d. might have
5. My car isn't there anymore! It stolen while I was shopping.
a. couldn't have been
b. should have been
c. mustn't have been
d. might have been
B. Complete the sentences using the verbs in brackets with a past modal verb
form.
Old Mr. McGraw had been murdered and everybody was wondering who 1.
… (do) it. Two police officers were speculating about the murder.
Sebastian: It 2. ……………….…….. (be) Mrs. McGraw. I’m totally convinced it
was her. She absolutely hated him. She 3 (use) a kitchen
knife
as the murder weapon, or maybe an axe from the garden tools
Jessica: It 4. ……………….…….. (be) Mrs. McGraw. She isn’t strong enough to
drag the body and put it in the car boot. It 5 (be) their older
son; I would bet all my money it was him. He had motive, because Mr. McGraw had
disinherited him long ago, and everybody knew they hated each other.
Sebastian: Impossible. It 6 (be) their older son because he has
a plausible alibi. He was fishing with his brother at the time of the crime, he
testified. Jessica: Then the younger son 7. ……………….…….. (lie) to protect his
brother. They 8 (agree) on an alibi after the murder. If you think
about
it, they 9. ……………….…….. (plan) the murder together. It’s a reasonable
possibility. Maybe the younger son was afraid that his father would disinherit him
too; they had a difficult relationship.
Sebastian: That makes sense. They killed him so that at least one of them could get
the inheritance.
Jessica: Well, if they wanted to get the money from the inheritance, they 10.
… (kill) their father. Because now we’ll catch them and they will
be in prison and without a penny.
Choose the correct answer:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w40h3jL5_Jg
1. Making assumption is looking for trouble / blessings / solutions

2. We need to understand everything in order to feel angry / safe / happy
3. She assumes her boyfriend wants to get divorced / married / a job
4. She assumes her boyfriend knows her strengths / thoughts / weaknesses
5. The only way to avoid assumptions is guessing / inferring / asking questions
Write some assumptions people have made about you and clarify which ones are true
and false. Use modal verbs + have + past participle.
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
Share with the whole class the assumptions people have made about you and tell us
which ones are true or false.
Match the sentences, writing the correct letter:
1. If I had known you were in hospital, …….

2. If we had had a GPS in our car, ………….
3. If you had attended every lesson, ………..
a. you’d have passed that exam easily.

b. I would have visited you.
c. we wouldn’t have got lost.
Write one sentence with the following word:

1. Loads / …………………………………………..
A. Read the following text. What is it about?
John’s decision
I am John. I am the owner of a very famous language teaching school in
London. I think my biggest decision was to move back to the UK from Russia. I
worked there for ten years as an English teacher and saved a lot of money. The
Russian school offered me work for two more years, but I decided to return to
England. I think it was a really good decision. I enjoyed working in Russia very
much and had a really great time. I made loads of friends and loved the culture.
But I also missed home, and I think ten years was a long time to be away.
If I hadn’t moved back to the UK, I would have stayed in Russia for a few more
years, but then I wouldn’t have started my own business. I wouldn’t have begun
a new successful career. I also wouldn’t have met my lovely wife; we wouldn’t
have got married and we wouldn’t have had our beautiful baby!
B. Answer the following questions:

1. What decision did John make? ……………………………………………………
2. Why was it a good decision? ……………………………………………………..
3. What would have happened if he hadn’t made that decision? ……………………..
Use:
The type 3 conditional refers to an impossible condition in the past and its probable
result in the past. These sentences are truly hypothetical and unreal, because it is now too
late for the condition or its result to exist. There is always some implication of regret
with type 3 conditional sentences. The reality is the opposite of, or contrary to, what the
sentence expresses. In type 3 conditional sentences, the time is the past and the situation
is hypothetical.
Structure:
If clause (condition) / Main clause (result)
If + past perfect / would + have + verb past participle
Examples:
If it had rained, you would have gotten wet.
You would have gotten wet if it had rained.
You would have passed your exam if you had worked harder.
If you had worked harder, you would have passed your exam.
I would have believed you if you hadn't lied to me before.
If you hadn't lied to me before, I would have believed you.
1. You me if you had gone to the party.

a. would have seen
b. could see
c. might have
2. What would you have done if I ?

a. didn't come
b. wouldn't come
c. hadn't come
3. They him if I them the money.

a. would have killed / didn't give
b. would have killed / hadn't given
c. had killed him / wouldn't give
4. If I had stayed in university, I much better jobs.

a. will get
b. had got
c. could have got
5. If I so hard all my life, I might have spent more time with my kids.
a. hadn't worked
b. wouldn't have worked
c. didn't work
B. Complete the sentences using the Third Conditional.
1. If you ………………… (not/be) late, we (not/miss) the bus.
2. If she …………………. (study) she (pass) the exam.
3. If we ………………….. (arrive) earlier, we (see) John.
4. If they ………………… (go) to bed early, they (not/wake) up late.
5. If he …………………. (become) a musician, he (record) a CD.
6. If she ………………. (go) to art school, she (become) a painter.
7. If I …………….. (be) born in a different country, I (learn) to
speak a different language.
8. If she ……………… (go) to university, she (study) French.
9. If we …………..… (not/go) to the party, we (not/meet) them.
10. If he ……………….. (not/take) the job, he (go) travelling.
11. He …………..………………… (be) happier if he (stay) at home.
12. She ………………………… (pass) the exam if she (study) harder.
13. We …………………………….. (not/get) married if we (not/go)
to the same university.
14. They ……………………..…….. (be) late if they (not/take) a taxi.
15. She ………………………. (not/meet) him if she (not/come) to London.
16. He …………………………. (take) a taxi if he (have) enough money.
17. I ………………………….. (call) you if I (not/forget) my phone.
18. We …………………….………………. (come) if we (be) invited.
19. She …………………………….. (not/do) it if she (know) you were ill.
20. He ……………………………. (be) on time if he (leave) earlier.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HyTGULUUemg
1. Anne thinks it's not a good idea to have too many regrets because ...
a. you can learn from them.
b. you can't change the past.
c. it's silly.
2. Jack decided to explore the mountain because …

a. he was bored with sunbathing and swimming.
b. he is a mountaineer.
c. his friend wanted to.
3. Jack set off ...

a. in the afternoon.
b. in the morning.
c. in the evening.
4. Nobody looked for Jack because ...

a. it was dark.
b. nobody liked him.
c. he hadn't told anybody where he was going.
B. Write the correct phrases into the gaps, to complete the sentences using the 3rd
conditional.
1. If Jack hadn't been bored, he gone exploring.

2. He wouldn't have gone to sleep, if he been tired.
3. If he hadn't gone to sleep, he stuck in the dark.
4. He might not have slipped, if it been dark.
Write a personal past story you regret about. Use the Third Conditional.
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
Share your story with the whole class. Get ready to answer your classmates’ questions
about it.
1. What would you have done if you hadn´t passed the fourth English module?
Write one sentence with the following words:
1. Hurry / ………………………………………………
2. Mood / ………………………………………………
3. Argument / …………………………………………..
4. Jokes / ……………………………………………….
5. Spare set / ……………………………………………
A. Read the text. What is it about?

Marge's Day of Hell!!!
Marge is a woman of 55 who lives on her own in a small house in Scotland. She did not
have a very nice day yesterday!
As she was leaving the house, she forgot her bus ticket. Only when she got to the bus
stop, she realized this, so she had to hurry back to the house. She opened the door, put
the keys on the telephone table, went into the kitchen to get her bus ticket and left again
without her keys. She caught the 8.42 a.m. bus instead of her usual 8.30 a.m. bus and
arrived at work about ten minutes late. Mr. Jones, her boss, was in a bad mood yesterday
and shouted at her when she arrived late. As a result, they had an argument in front of
all the other people in the office. Mr. Jones told her she would have to stay behind for
fifteen minutes at lunch to finish some important work.
At lunch, Marge only had time for a quick sandwich and didn't go to the office cafeteria
with the others as normal. Everyone returned from lunch very happy because they had
met a new employee who had told some very funny jokes. Marge was not happy. She
was hungry and tired. She was so hungry as she left the office at 5 o'clock that she
bought a hot dog from the man on the street corner. Within an hour, she didn't feel very
well and had a pain in her stomach. It was not her day!
She arrived home and realized she didn't have her keys, so had to walk two miles to her
sister's house to get a spare set of keys. She went into her house, closed the door and
went straight to bed.
B. Complete the statements:
1. if \ not \ forget \ bus ticket \ not \ have to \ return home

… , she wouldn't have had to return home.
2. if \ not \ put \ keys on table \ not \ forget them
If she hadn't put her keys on the table, …………………………………………
3. she \ not late \ if \ catch \ an earlier bus
… if she had caught an earlier bus.
4. her boss \ not \ shout at her \ if \ not \ be \ bad mood
Her boss wouldn't have shouted at her ………………………………………….
5. if \ Marge \ not late \ they \ not argue \ in office
If Marge hadn't been late, ……………………………………………………….
6. Marge \ meet \ new worker \ if \ go \ to canteen
… if she had gone to the canteen.
7. if \ not buy \ hot dog \ not \ feel unwell
If she hadn't bought the hot dog, ………………………………………………..
Use:
The type 3 conditional refers to an impossible condition in the past and its probable
result in the past. These sentences are truly hypothetical and unreal, because it is now too
late for the condition or its result to exist. There is always some implication of regret
with type 3 conditional sentences. The reality is the opposite of, or contrary to, what the
sentence expresses. In type 3 conditional sentences, the time is the past and the situation
is hypothetical.
Structure:
If clause (condition) / Main clause (result)
If + hadn´t + verb past participle / would + not + have + verb past participle (negative
structures)
Examples:
If it hadn´t rained, you would not have gotten wet.
You would not have gotten wet if it hadn´t rained.
You would not have passed your exam if you hadn´t worked harder.
If you hadn´t worked harder, you would not have passed your exam.
A. Rewrite the sentences beginning with the words given:
1. We didn’t buy the carpet because it was very expensive.

If ………………………………………………………………………………….
2. They made her angry, and that’s why she left.
If ………………………………………………………………………………….
3. They lost your phone number; that’s why they didn’t call you.
If ………………………………………………………………………………….
4. Tom didn’t revise his lessons, so he didn’t pass his exam.
If ………………………………………………………………………………….
B. Complete the sentences using the Third Conditional.
1. If you (study) ……………… for the test, you (pass) it.

2. If you (ask) ……………… me, I (help) you.
3. If we (go) ………………… to the cinema, we (see) ……………………………
my friend Jacob.
4. If you (speak) …………… English, she (understand) ………..………………….
5. If they (listen) ……………….. to me, we (be) home earlier.
6. I (write) …………………………. you a postcard if I (have) your
address.
7. If I (not / break) ………….…… my leg, I (take part) …………………………..
in the contest.
8. If it (not/ start) ……………….. to rain, we (walk) to the
museum.
9. We (swim) ………………………….. in the sea if there (not / be)
……………….. so many sharks there.
10. If she (take) ……………….. the bus, she (not / arrive) …………………………
on time.
11. If the weather (be) …………… nice, they (play) football.
12. If we (go) …………………..… to a good restaurant, we (have) a
better dinner.
13. If John (conduct) ………………. more research, he (write) ………………….…
a good report.
Watch the video and do the following exercises:
https://learnenglishteens.britishcouncil.org/grammar/b1-b2-grammar/third-conditional
A. Match the two sentence halves and write a–g next to the numbers 1–7.
1. …….. I wouldn't have overslept a. if you'd asked.

2. …….. If she had gone to bed earlier, b. you wouldn't have been so stressed
at the last minute.
3. …….. I could have lent you the money c. she wouldn't have been so tired.
4. …….. They wouldn’t have found out d. if you had studied medicine.
5. …….. You could have been a doctor e. if my alarm clock had gone off.
6. …….. If you'd been more organized, f. they wouldn't have had so many
problems.
7. …….. If they’d taken my advice, g. if you hadn't told them.
B. Write the words in the correct order to make sentences.
1. have told me. would if remembered I you’d

……………………………………………………………………………………
2. would had have revised more, passed the exam. she If she
……………………………………………………………………………………
3. the train If we have hadn’t missed we would arrived on time.
…………………………………………………………………………………….
4. If been there have met him. you’d could you
……………………………………………………………………………………
5. I If could have I’d known helped.
……………………………………………………………………………………
Use the following situations to use conditional type 3 in complete sentences.
Example:
Situation: Mary became a famous singer since she won a very famous talent show.
Third conditional sentence: If Mary hadn´t won a very famous talent show, she
wouldn’t have become a famous singer.
1. Garcia has become a famous tennis player thanks to a talent scout who spotted
him when he was 12 years old. The talent scout helped him immigrate to the
USA where he developed his skills and won many tournaments. Now he is a
very rich and happy tennis man.
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………….
2. Sara had an amazing life. She spent her life traveling and meeting hundreds of
interesting people: politicians, TV stars, and famous actors. Now she is 85 years
old and is in hospital. Doctors say she is very ill and has only a few weeks to
live. There is one thing she regrets. She did not write her biography.
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………….
3. Karim used to be an excellent student. He had dreams and wanted to become a

doctor. But once he started to hang out with bad friends, he became a criminal
and went to prison.
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………….
4. Leila never does any sport. She spends her days and nights chatting with friends
on her phone or on her computer. Recently she has been diagnosed with high
blood pressure. Her health condition has deteriorated and has become so obese.
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………….
Share your personal thoughts using the Third Conditional with the whole class:
1. If I had gone on holiday last week, I would have....................................................
2. If I had gone to bed late last night, I would have.......................................................
3. If I had found a lot of money on my way to class today, I would have......................
4. If I hadn’t decided to learn English, I would have.....................................................
5. If I had followed my parent's advice, I would have...................................................
6. If I had met my great-great-grandparents, I would have...........................................
7. If I had met an alien on my way to class today. I would have....................................
8. If I had been born a member of the opposite sex, I would have.................................
9. If I hadn’t come here today, I would have...............................................................
10. If I had never met my best friend, I would have.......................................................
11. If I had been born into a famous family, I would have..............................................
12. If I had saved more money, I would have.................................................................

1. What would you do if you won the lottery?
2. What would you do if you were the president of Ecuador?
3. What would you have done if you hadn´t entered the university?
A. Match the words with their definitions:
Term Answer Definition

(letter)
1. Highway a. Extremely large in size or amount:
2. Charity b. A main road, especially one connecting major

towns or cities.
3. Loan c. An organization set up to provide help and raise
money for those in need.
4. Huge d. It is special, unusual, or elaborate, for
example because it has a lot of decoration.
5. Fancy e. A thing that is borrowed, especially a sum
of money that is expected to be paid back
with interest.
B. Write sentences with the previous terms.
1. Highway / …………………………………………………….
2. Charity / ………………………………………………………
3. Loan / …………………………………………………………
4. Huge / …………………………………………………………
5. Fancy / …………………………………………………………
A. Read the following text. Choose the correct answer:
If I Won the Lottery
I can imagine what my life would be like if I won the lottery. Wow! I could do so many
things, and my life would be so different. I would love the chance to change my life
with the money. The first thing I would do is buy a big, new house. I live in a small
apartment, and I have always dreamed of living in a big house in the country. With all
that money, I could buy anything I wanted. I don’t have a car right now, so I would buy
a new car. Or, I might even buy a new motorcycle. I like motorcycles, and I can imagine
myself driving down the highway with the wind in my hair.
Of course, if I won the lottery, I should give some of the money to charity. I would
probably give my money to a charity that helps sick children. Also, if any of my friends
needed anything, I could help them pay for it. I know many people that have student
loans, and I could help them pay the loans back. That would make them very happy.
Plus, if I won a lot of money, I would certainly save some of it in the bank.
Also, I think that if I won a huge amount of money, I would open a business. I love to
cook, and I have always wanted to open a restaurant. With all that money I could open a
fancy restaurant.
However, I know one thing I would not do is travel. I have a friend who won $100, 000
in the lottery three years ago. She took the money and travelled for three months. I think
she is crazy. Travelling is nice, but then she had nothing left after her vacation.
I think, however, that the only problem with dreaming about the money I could win is
that I have never even played the lottery before. As they say: “You can’t win if you
don’t play.”
1. What would the person NOT

buy if she won the lottery?
a. House
b. Motorcycle
c. Car 4. Why would she not travel?
d. Apartment a. Her friend did not have fun
travelling.
2. What would the person NOT b. She would be left with no
do if she won the lottery? money when she finished.
a. Give money to charity c. It is too expensive.
b. Save money d. She has travelled a lot before.
c. Give money to friends
d. Pay off student loans 5. Do you think she will win the
lottery?
3. Why would she open a a. Yes! She is lucky.
restaurant? b. No. It is too difficult with only a
a. She is a great cook. few tickets.
b. She likes to cook. c. No. She did not buy a ticket.
c. They are a good investment. d. Maybe. It depends on her luck.
d. She likes fancy restaurants.
Second conditional Third conditional
Unreal situations from the present and Unreal situations from the past.
future. 0%- impossible to happen because it is
1%~40% – can happen, but probably won’t situated in the past. We can´t change the
past.
Example: Example:
If I won the lottery, I would buy a huge If I had known your number, I would have
house. called you.
This person is dreaming about something This person didn't know the other´s
that would like to happen in the present or number so didn't call him/her.
future, but there is little probability of it.
1. If she more experienced, she would be more likely to get the job.
a. were
b. had been
c. would be
d. would have been
2. If the food so bad, we wouldn't have complained.

a. wasn't
b. hadn't been
c. wouldn't be
d. wouldn't have been
3. If I her, she might feel a bit better.

a. was calling
b. called
c. would call
d. would have called
4. If it wasn’t raining, we a picnic today.

a. had
b. 'd had
c. 'd have
d. 'd been had
5. If he hadn’t run out of money, he his trip.

a. didn't cancel
b. hadn't cancelled
c. wouldn't be cancelled
d. wouldn't have cancelled
B. Complete the text with the second and third conditional forms:
If the world's big problems had been addressed sooner, our lives 1.
……….………… (improve) a long time ago. But politicians and world leaders
don’t do enough to improve the quality of life. If I had any power, I 2.
…………………….………… (try) to stop the destruction of our planet and I 3
(make) the
world a better place for all people.
First of all, I would try to stop wars because unless we put an end to all the wars,
millions of people will continue to die every day. If there were no wars, all children
4. ………………………… (have) their parents at home to take care of them
and provide for them, and they 5. (grow up) in a happier
world.
Also, if I 6. (be) a world leader, I would provide clean
water for all countries. If all countries 7. (have) easy access
to clean water, millions of children 8. (stop) dying from
diseases caused by the lack of clean water. If we don't do something about this issue
soon, there will be lots of wars and deaths because of the lack of water.
We also need to introduce laws to reduce pollution. If we had done this in the past,
millions of species 9.
(never/become)
extinct, and global warming 10. (never/start).
If it were up to me, I 11. …………………………………… (introduce) very high
taxes on fuel energy and at the same time I 12.
(help)
big companies to invest in clean energy. Unless we take measures now, it will be
too late both for ourselves and our children.
Listen and choose the correct answer:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gy69OZP04ws
1. Who would give money to charity? Emma / Duncan / Louise / Nobody

2. Who would stop working? Emma / Duncan / Louise / Nobody
3. Who would buy a big country house? Emma / Duncan / Louise / Nobody
4. Who would study something creative? Emma / Duncan / Louise / Nobody
5. Who would go travelling? Emma / Duncan / Louise / Nobody
6. Who would give the money to family members? Emma/Duncan/Louise/Nobody
7. Who would buy a horse? Emma / Duncan / Louise / Nobody
8. Who would save some of the money for later? Emma /Duncan /Louise / Nobody
What would you do if you were the President of Ecuador?
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
Share with the whole class your thoughts about the writing topic.
UNIT Lesson
4 4E
Autonomous work
A. Guess the words in the crossword matching the clues with the answers in the box.
Check the vocabulary you have studied in the whole unit:
Across clues Across answers Down clues Down answers

3 respectful 1 defect
4 slip 2 perceive
5 egotistic 4 fall
7 credit 6 pack
9 jests 8 attitudes
A. Read the following text. What is the main idea of it?
The sinking of the RMS Titanic was one of the worst maritime disasters in history. On
April 14, 1912, at 11:40 p.m., the ‘unsinkable’ luxury ship hit an iceberg and sank in
just under three hours with the loss of around 1500 lives. There are many different
descriptions of the disaster by the surviving passengers and crew, but few people doubt
that human error played a part in the tragedy. Let’s look at some of the things that went
wrong. On the night of Sunday, 14 April 1912 the temperature was near freezing and the
ocean was completely calm. Surviving 2nd Officer Charles Lightoller later wrote, "the
sea was like glass". The ship’s course had been changed by the captain, but other than
this, he saw no reason to slow down. The owner of the ship, Bruce Ismay, was also on
board and had instructed the captain to speed up in order to break the record for a
transatlantic voyage. The captain agreed, but perhaps if he had known of the messages
the ship had received in the radio room, he would have acted differently. According to a
ship ahead called the Mesaba, lots of large icebergs were in the area. These messages
did not reach him. There were three teams of lookouts on board keeping constant watch
for obstacles in the ship’s path, but as Charles Lightoller said at the British inquiry,
"Everything was against us, there was no moon, no wind, no binoculars and with the
dark side of the iceberg facing the ship, the lookouts were powerless.”
When the alarm was finally raised the crew acted very quickly but it was already too
late to save the ship. Within twenty minutes of the collision the ship had flooded, so the
captain ordered the lifeboats to be prepared, filled with women and children, and
lowered into the water. This didn’t go well, regulations about the number of lifeboats a
ship should carry were already out of date when the Titanic set sail, and even if the
evacuation had been better organized, there wouldn’t have been enough boats to hold
everybody.
Meanwhile, the crew were sending out distress signals. The first message was "sinking,
need immediate assistance," and then "SOS". Several ships responded, including the
Mount Temple, Frankfurt, and the Titanic's sister ship, Olympic, but they were too far
away. The closest ship to respond was the Carpathia, which arrived in about four hours,
too late to save everybody.
Various distress flares launched from the sinking ship were also ineffective, including
those seen by a ship called the Californian, whose captain, Stanley Lord, had ordered
his crew to stop the ship for the night because of the icebergs. When Captain Lord was
informed of the flares he failed to respond because he did not think they were important.
Nor did the crew of the Californian wake their radio operator, who had gone to bed for
the night.
And what of Bruce Ismay, who many believe acted without regard for safety by
requiring an unprepared ship to sail at such speed in spite of the danger? History tells us
that he survived, but from the lifeboat turned his back on his beautiful ship as it sank.
That night, of a total of 2,208 people, only 712 were rescued by the Carpathia, while
1,496 perished. If the lifeboats had been filled to capacity, 1,178 people could have been
saved. If there had been enough lifeboats, maybe everybody could have been saved. If
Captain Stanley Lord had responded to the distress signals seen by his crew, more lives
could have been saved. And if the crew of the Titanic had taken better precautions of
their own, the disaster may not even have happened in the first place. Like the mystery
of the orchestra that played on to the end, this is something we may never know the
truth about.
B. Answer the questions:
1. How was the Titanic described before it set sail?
……………………………………………………………………………………
2. What do most people believe about the cause of the disaster?
……………………………………………………………………………………
3. Why was the ship travelling so fast?
……………………………………………………………………………………
4. Why didn’t the captain know about icebergs in the area?
……………………………………………………………………………………
5. Why didn’t the lookouts see the iceberg in time?
……………………………………………………………………………………
6. What two problems prevented everybody being able to get into lifeboats?
……………………………………………………………………………………
7. What was Captain Lord’s response to the distress flares his crew saw?
……………………………………………………………………………………
8. What another mistake did the crew of the Californian make?
……………………………………………………………………………………
9. How far do you think Bruce Ismay was to blame?
……………………………………………………………………………………
A. Complete the sentences with could have / would have / should have + past
participle:
1. I (buy) bread but I didn't know we needed it. (Past

possibility)
2. We ………………………………. (invite) so many people to our party! I'm
worried that we won't have enough room for everyone. (Past negative advice /
regret)
3. I ………………………………. (start) saving money years ago! (Past advice /
regret)
4. We (join) you at the restaurant, but we couldn't get
a babysitter. (Past willingness)
5. The weather ………………………………. (be) any worse! (Past negative
possibility)
6. I ………………………………. (arrive) on time, even if I'd left earlier. There
were dreadful traffic jams all the way. (Past negative possibility)
7. They ………………………………. (win) the football match, but John hurt his
ankle. (Past possibility)
8. Amanda (finish) the work, but she felt ill and had
to go home. (Past willingness)
9. Lucy (leave) earlier. She missed her flight. (Past
advice / regret)
10. We ………………………………. (finish) the game, even if we'd wanted to. It
was raining very hard and we had to stop. (Past negative possibility)
11. I ………………………………. (eat) so much chocolate! I feel sick! (Past
negative advice / regret)
12. Luke ………………………………. (pass) the exam if he'd studied a bit more.
(Past possibility)
13. John (call) Amy, but he didn't have her number.
(Past willingness)
B. Choose the correct answer:
1. If he jobs, he would be a lot happier.

a. Changed
b. Would change
c. Would have changed
2. If I were you, I her that I love her.

a. Told
b. Had told
c. Had tell
3. Even if he ……………………………….. them, they wouldn't have agreed to

come.
a. Asked
b. Would ask
c. Had asked
4. If she hadn’t threatened him, he ………………………………..

a. Wouldn´t leave
b. Wouldn´t have left
c. Hadn´t left
5. I him if I were you.

a. Wouldn´t trust
b. Hadn´t trusted
c. Didn´t trust
6. He with her if he had known she would behave so
irresponsibly.
a. Wouldn´t have gone
b. Wouldn´t had gone
c. Hadn´t gone
7. I wouldn't have been able to do it unless she me.
a. Hadn´t helped
b. Wouldn´t have helped
c. Had helped
8. If he earlier, he wouldn't have been late for work.
a. Got up
b. Had got up
c. Would have got up
9. If we to spend the day in London, we would have
bought a day pass.
a. Had wanted
b. Had been wanting
c. Would have wanted
10. If you less on clothes, you would be able to save
some money.
a. Didn´t spend
b. Would spend
c. Spent
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h-SmDDIHr6c
1. What is Carl Rider´s profession?

a. Singer
b. books writer
c. songwriter
2. How has his career been in the past few years?
a. Boring
b. Successful
c. Unsuccessful
3. He thinks that to have success you must ……………..
a. Go to more concerts
b. Have more free time
c. Work hard
4. What does he do in the day?
a. Go to meetings
b. Watch TV
c. Write songs
5. What does he do in the evening?
a. Go to meetings
b. Watch TV
c. Write songs
6. If he could choose a place to do his job, how would it be?
a. Warm, sunny and quiet
b. Cold, sunny and quiet
c. Warm, sunny and noisy
7. If he weren´t dedicated to what he does now, what would he like to be?
a. Doctor
b. Teacher
c. Fashion designer
UNIT Lesson
5 5A
Common phrasal verbs
A. Watch the video about phrasal verbs and then go to the vocabulary:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e7tZSwasnR0
A. Match the following phrasal verbs with their meanings:
Phrasal verb Letter Meaning

1. Turn up a. Exit briefly
2. Ask somebody in b. Take care
3. Take something off c. Have none left
4. Break down d. Suddenly cease to function.
5. Call out e. To arrive or appear unexpectedly
6. Look up f. To return quickly
7. Run out of g. To leave in a vehicle
8. Pop out h. To deal with a situation successfully.
9. Get on with i. Search for and find information
10. Drive away j. To invite someone to come into a
building or room.
11. Look after k. Summon someone to deal with an
emergency or provide a service.
12. Run back l. To remove something, especially
clothes
Sarah had a problem
For a long time, Sarah wanted to go out with a very handsome man called James, and
then one day he turned up at her door. Just like that! She asked him in. James took his
coat off and sat down. Then he explained that while driving past her house his car
broke down. It was outside. Sarah said James could call out a mechanic and she
looked up the nearest garage in the phone book. She offered him a cup of tea. He
accepted. But then she realized there was no milk. “We’ve run out of milk” she said
and popped out to buy some more. While Sarah was away the mechanic turned up. He
got on with mending the car and James watched. When it was mended James got in his
car and drove away. In the shop Sarah suddenly remembered her little baby sister who
she was looking after was at home. She ran back to the house and saw that James had
left. Her little sister was crying inside, and she had no keys!
B. Answer the following questions:
1. Who have Sarah wanted to go out?

……………………………………………………………………………………
2. Who suddenly appeared at Sarah´s door?
……………………………………………………………………………………
3. Why did James turn up at Sarah´s door?
……………………………………………………………………………………
4. What did Sarah do to help James?
……………………………………………………………………………………
5. Who fixed the car?
……………………………………………………………………………………
6. Who went away without telling thank you?
……………………………………………………………………………………
7. Who had Sarah forgotten at her house?
……………………………………………………………………………………
Phrasal verbs are made up of a verb and one or more prepositions. They are called
phrasal verbs because it takes two or more words to complete their meaning. The verb
and preposition work together to form a new verb whose meaning is different from those
of the individual words.
The dog bit me and ran away.
Do Take Run
Do away with - Abolish, Take aback - To surprise Run after - To chase or
get rid of or shock someone (old- pursue
The United Kingdom did fashioned, rare) I ran after the bus, but it
away with the death His voice was so loud that didn’t stop for me
penalty in 1965. it took us aback at first.
Do out of - Cheat Take after - To be similar Run for - Try to be elected

somebody out of to someone in appearance to a political or leadership
something that is rightfully or character, especially a position.
theirs They lied on the family member Mark is running for state
reference and did me out of She’s very funny. She takes senator.
any chance of getting the after her mother.
job.
Do over - Do something Take away - To remove Run out of - Have none left
again from the beginning, something We ran out of beer at the
especially because you Take that table away as we party, so we had to go buy
did it badly the first time don’t need it in here. some more.
OK, we'll do it over, but try
to sing the right words this
time.
Do with - Wish for or ask Take back - Take Run over - To hit with a
for (usually after can or something/someone back vehicle (car, train, truck)
could) The dress was too tight so She’s upset because she ran
I could do with a cold I took it back to the shop. over a cat while driving
beer about now. He cheated on her but she home from work.
finally took him back.
Do without - Manage Take for - To believe Run through - Explain

without something something about somebody, quickly
There's no sugar, so you'll often wrongly Let me run through the
have to do without She looks very mature so schedule for the tour.
I took her for much older
than 14.
A. Choose the correct answer (phrasal verbs with do):
1. I'm so thirsty; I could really do a cup of tea

a. in
b. with
c. over
2. You must do your seatbelt; it's the law
a. in
b. with
c. up
3. If you don't do your shoes , you'll probably fall over
a. up
b. in
c. down
4. That's got nothing to do me; it's absolutely none of my business
a. for
b. in
c. with
5. The house was in bad condition and they had to do it before they could live
there
a. up
b. in
c. with
6. He did them of a lot of money with his lies
a. out
b. up
c. with
7. The accident did him; he never recovered
a. up
b. with
c. for
8. He did a lot of harm the cause
a. to
b. in
c. up
9. Do others what you would have them do to you
a. to
b. in
c. up
10. They buy old cars do them and sell them for a profit
a. in
b. down
c. up
B. Choose the correct answer (phrasal verbs with take):
1. She takes her grandmother.

a. in
b. off
c. after
2. They assaulted the watchmen and took many precious paintings
………………… .
a. off
b. down
c. away
3. These shoes don’t fit. I am going to take them to the store.
a. away
b. back
c. off
4. Don’t take him an idiot.
a. in
b. for
c. off
5. The dress was loose for me so I took it to the tailor and got it taken ……………
a. out
b. in
c. off
C. Choose the correct answer (phrasal verbs with run):
1. Can you get some sugar from the shop? We have run ………………
a. off
b. out
c. in
2. This car runs petrol.
a. on
b. off
c. out
3. The boy ran from home because he had no one to love him there.
a. out
b. off
c. away
4. Cancer runs his family. Both his parents died of it.
a. in
b. on
c. over
5. The police constable ran the thief but he could not catch him.
a. over
b. out
c. after
Listen to the video 5A-Phrasal verbs and answer these questions:
1. What does the man need to do?
a. Back up the data

b. Look up the password
2. If the man spruces up the report, what do that mean?
a. He will improve it.

b. He will delete it.
3. The man is going to buying a new house.
a. put off
b. give up
4. What will the woman pick up?
a. Flight details
b. Someone at the airport
Write an awkward situation you had in the past (100 words maximum). Use as many
phrasal verbs you can.
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
Share your awkward situation with the whole class. Get ready to answer any questions
your classmates would have about your anecdote.
UNIT Lesson
5 5B
Chinese Education
1. Do you know how Chinese education is?

2. Do you think Chinese education is different from Ecuadorian?
A. Match the words in the box with the following pictures:
1. …………………………. 2. …………………………… 3. ……………………...
4. …………………………... 5. …………………………… 6. ………………………

Structure of the Chinese education system

In China, education is divided into three categories: basic education, higher education,
and adult education. By law, each child must have nine years of compulsory education
from primary school (six years) to junior secondary education (three years).
Basic education in China includes pre-school education (usually three years), primary
education (six years, usually starting at the age of six) and secondary education (six
years).
Secondary education has two routes: academic secondary education and
specialized/vocational/technical secondary education. Academic secondary education
consists of junior (three years) and senior middle schools (three years). Junior middle
school graduates wishing to continue their education take a locally administered
entrance exam, on the basis of which they will have the option of i) continuing in an
academic senior middle school; or ii) entering a vocational middle school (or leaving
school at this point) to receive two to four years of training. Senior middle school
graduates wishing to go to universities must take National Higher Education Entrance
Exam (Gao Kao). According to the Chinese Ministry of Education, in June 2015, 9.42
million students took the exam.
Higher education is further divided into two categories: 1) universities that offer four-
year or five-year undergraduate degrees to award academic degree qualifications; and 2)
colleges that offer three-year diploma or certificate courses on both academic and
vocational subjects. Postgraduate and doctoral programmes are only offered at
universities.
Adult education ranges from primary education to higher education. For example, adult
primary education includes Workers’ Primary Schools, Peasants’ Primary Schools in an
effort to raise literacy levels in remote areas; adult secondary education includes
specialized secondary schools for adults; and adult higher education includes traditional
radio/TV universities (now online), most of which offer certificates/diplomas but a few
offer regular undergraduate degrees.
B. Choose the correct answer:
1. How many categories is the Chinese education divided?
a. three
b. four
c. two
2. How many years a child must study?
a. Nine
b. Eight
c. Six
3. Academic secondary education consists on:
a. Six years in total
b. Nine years in total
c. Three years in total
4. Who need to do an entrance exam?
a. Senior middle school students
b. Junior middle school students
c. Primary school students
5. Colleges offer:
a. Two-year certificate courses
b. Five-year undergraduate degrees
c. Three-year courses on vocational subjects
6. Universities offer:
a. Two-year certificate courses
b. Five-year undergraduate degrees
c. Three-year courses on vocational subjects
7. Postgraduate and doctoral programmes are offered by:
a. Universities
b. Colleges
c. Both
8. Adult education is aimed to:
a. Raise literacy
b. Raise money
c. All areas
Be supposed to
Supposed to is part of a modal verb phrase meaning expected to or required to.
He is supposed to turn in his homework on Friday mornings.
It was supposed to rain today.
Be likely to
They are used for future events which are probably going to happen or they are probably
true.
They are likely to invite you to their wedding
We can also use the following structure: It’s likely + that + future clause
It’s likely that they will win the match this time
Be used to
Be used to means 'be familiar with' or 'be accustomed to'. It can be followed by a noun,
pronoun or the -ing form of a verb, and can be used about the past, present or future.
She's used to the city now and doesn't get lost any more.
He wasn't used to walking so much and his legs hurt after the hike.
I'm a teacher so I'm used to speaking in public.
A. Use supposed to + the verb given in brackets. Put the verb into the correct form
if necessary.
1. The train was at 11.00. Why was it so late? (arrive)
2. Why are you watching TV? You're your
homework. (do)
3. You can't go to the pub – you're ill! (be)
4. I'm going to wash the car now. I was it yesterday
but I didn't feel like it. (do)
5. I'd better hurry up; I'm …………………………………… Helen at eleven
o'clock. (meet)
6. Where's Harriette? She was by now. (arrive)

B. Write sentences with similar meanings. Use the words in brackets.
Example: He probably won’t win the game. ⇒ He is unlikely to win the game
(unlikely)
1. They will probably arrive early. ⇒ They early.

(likely)
2. You definitely won't have any problems. ⇒ will
have any problems. (very unlikely)
3. You will probably find what you are looking for. ⇒
You……………………......... what you are looking for. (likely)
4. He is likely to win tonight. ⇒ It's tonight.
(likely)
5. Kevin probably won't find a job soon. ⇒ Kevin…………………………………..
a job soon. (unlikely)
C. Complete with be used to and the verb or noun in brackets.
1. I have three lectures per day. I so much

so I have even got a sore throat. (not speak)
2. My little son to school so he is happy every
morning when we take him there. (go)
3. Ted a bike without a helmet so he feels
uncomfortable while wearing it. (ride)
4. My friends ………………………………… for me so I can be late for half an
hour or so. (wait)
5. Douglas so much homework so going to this
specialized school is a true disaster for him. (not do)
6. You don’t feel well these days because you long
hours. (not work)
7. My girlfriend is British, so she on the right. (not
drive)
8. She so she doesn't get lost. (the Tokyo subway)
9. I in London, so the crowds don't bother me. (live)
10. John in heavy traffic. (drive)
Listen and answer true or false:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9PKBv6MUX9o
1. Chinese students go to cram schools to be more competitive. T/F

2. Chinese students give three entrance exams at different ages. T/F
3. Math performance isn´t the key on these entrance exams. T/F
4. China is in top seven in Mathematics in the world ranking. T/F
5. USA is better in Mathematics than China. T/F
6. Chinese parents push teachers at cram schools. T/F
7. Teachers at cram schools don´t relate Math to real-life problems. T/F
Write a reflection about how Ecuadorian education is supposed to be (60 words

maximum). Use be supposed to / be likely to / be used to and the vocabulary from this
lesson.
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
Share your reflection with the whole class.

UNIT Lesson
5 5C
Career Paths
1. Do you know what are career paths?

2. Do you think you are in the correct career path? Yes-no / Why?
A. Match each word with its definition:
Term Letter Definitions

1. Resource a. Able to make money from new, interesting ideas
2. Enterprising b. Products used for writing letters and notes
3. Retail c. Money, skills, or time that is available when needed
4. Concept d. To get bigger
5. Stationery e. The land and buildings of a university or college
6. Expand f. Concerning the sale of things to people in stores
7. Spur g. Motivate, inspire
8. Campus h. An idea about how something is or should be done
B. Complete the following sentences using words from A. You might have to
change the form of the word.
1. I’d like to have a(n) business selling personalized notebooks,

but I don’t have the to start one!
2. The school decided to …………………… the size of its so
that more students could attend.
3. Don’t be afraid to fail. Sometimes that can you on to great
success.
4. Mr. Galison is very ……………………; his business always
seem to earn lots of money for the company.
College Start-Ups
Most college students see their time at university as the first step in their career path;
afterwards, they will go out into the working world and get a job. But some students
have great ideas that simply cannot wait until graduation day. With many free resources
and technologies available to them, more and more university students are finding ways
to start small businesses while they are still in school. Let’s take a look at a few
enterprising undergraduates and their companies.
Green Mobile
As a student at the University of Missouri, Brian Laoruangroch used to sell refurbished

cell phones on eBay as a hobby. But when Brian realized how much money he could
make by buying, fixing, and reselling phones, he decided to create his own website to
resell the phones. His parents loaned him money, and he received money from his local
government to found a company called Green Mobile, which now has local retail stores
and about 20 employees. Brian said balancing work and studies was challenging, but he
didn’t forget to pay attention in class. “I was learning important business concepts while
I was using them in my own business,” he said.
Whitney Williams Collection
Whitney Williams has always been creative, and she enjoys making things in her spare
time. While in elementary school, she sold handmade stationery to people in her
neighborhood, and later she expanded her offerings to include one-of-a-kind purses.
When Whitney visited Italy as a student at Texas Christian University, she fell in love
with the handmade jewelry she saw there. It inspired her to start her own jewelry
business. Instead of partying with friends or traveling, Whitney spent most of her
weekends for the next two years selling her high-quality jewelry at small shows and
private sales. As a result, the Whitney Williams Collection is now produced and sold
around the world. Whitney hopes to eventually expand her brand to include shoes,
clothing, and accessories.
Punch
As a competitive swimmer, Zac Workman became very familiar with energy drinks.
However, Zac found problems with most energy drinks. They either tasted bad, used
chemicals that weren’t healthy, or made the user feel tired again when its sugary energy
was used up. This spurred Zac to do some research when he got to the University of
Indiana. Using an old family recipe for fruit punch, Zac developed an energy drink with
natural ingredients, and found a partner to produce it. His energy drink, called Punch,
became popular on his campus. As his business grows, Zac says he’s learning on the
job. “People would think it would be difficult to balance class and a business,” he said,
“but I’m learning more now than I ever have in the classroom.”
B. Choose the correct answers for the following questions.
1. According to the article, how many employees does Green Mobile have?
a. only one
b. about 20
c. over 30
2. Who did Whitney sell her first products to?
a. her neighbors
b. her classmates
c. her teachers
3. Which best describes Zac’s energy drink Punch?
a. a drink made especially for swimmers
b. an all-natural drink that helps athletes
c. a fresh sports drink that Zac made every day
C. According to the reading, complete the diagram by writing the letter in the
correct area.
Brian
Whitney
a. Turned a hobby into a business

b. Developed a product for athletes
c. Used family money to start the company
d. Says lessons learned in school have helped in managing a business
e. Started the company while still in university
f. Creates new and original products to sell
g. Worked weekends and did not see friends very often when starting the company
When we use do and make with noun phrases, do focuses on the process of acting or
performing something, make emphasizes more the product or outcome of an action:
When I was doing the calculations, I made two mistakes.

[action] [outcome]
I did some work for her last summer; I made a pond in her garden.
[action] [outcome]
Nouns that combine with do: activity, damage, favor, job, task, business, drawing,
gardening, laundry, test, cleaning, duty, harm, one’s best, washing (up), cooking,
exam(ination), homework, painting, work, course, exercise, ironing, shopping
I do the shopping on Fridays usually.

Could you do a job for me next week?
Who does the cooking in your house?
Nouns that combine with make: apology, coffee, excuse, love, offer, remark, assumption,
comment, friends, lunch, phone call, sound, bed, complaint, guess, mess, plan, soup,
breakfast, dinner, law, mistake, profit, speech, cake, effort, list, money, progress,
statement, change, error, loss, noise, promise, tea
They made me an interesting offer of a job in Warsaw.

Not many building firms will make a profit this year.
I have to make a phone call.

1. Ali karate three times a week.
a. makes
b. does
2. I haven’t dinner yet because I’m not very hungry.
a. made
b. done
3. Have you your homework yet?
a. made
b. done
4. I always a list before I go shopping.
a. make
b. do
B. Fill in the gaps with ‘make’ or ‘do’ in the present simple, present continuous,
past simple, or present perfect form. Use the subject or word in brackets where
needed.
Example: The children are doing their homework right now.
1. What (you) for dinner last night?

2. Pat usually her homework in the kitchen.
3. We (not) any plans for the summer holidays
yet.
4. We (not) anything exciting last weekend
5. I yoga at the gym three times a week.
6. Tim a promise to his girlfriend last night.
7. Sally ………………………………… a lot of mistakes in her history exam
yesterday.
8. I my hair every morning.
9. I the laundry right now.
10. Jess a lot of friends while she was travelling
C. Circle the correct answer:
1. Does she ever her own bread?

do / does / make
2. You have to something.
do / make / do make
3. She never mistakes.
does / does make / makes
4. My sister always her bed.
does / make / makes
5. Our parents anything last
night. didn't / didn't do / didn't make
6. Our older sister the ironing every two days.
does / makes / make
7. I no homework at all yesterday afternoon.
did / not did / make
Watch these two videos and answer the questions:
https://youtu.be/Nc2asj7NfSo https://youtu.be/xBfU_SlssDc
What is his job about? What is her job about?
1. How did you choose your career? Was it a tough decision?

2. What professional advice would you give to your younger self?
3. Have you ever had a career advisor or a career coach? If not, would you like to
have one?
4. Is choosing a career today more complicated than it was in the past? Why/Why
not?
5. What should young people keep in mind when choosing a career?
6. Think of some jobs which don’t exist anymore or might soon disappear (e.g.
telemarketer, cashier, typist). What trends might put certain jobs at risk?
7. What are some examples of emerging jobs that didn’t exist ten years ago? What
needs do they address?
Write about your career path (50 words maximum). What will you do - What will you
make when you graduate?
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………
UNIT Lesson
5 5D
Agreeing and Disagreeing
1. How often do you disagree with people?

2. Do you always say something when you disagree with someone? Yes-No/ Why?
A. Match each term with its definition:
Term Letter Definitions

1. A monologue a. To deal with or have responsibility for something
2. Defensive b. To solve or end a problem
3. To handle c. Advice and comments about your work that are useful
and help to improve it
4. To resolve d. A long speech by one person
5. To bring up e. A way of seeing or thinking about something
6. To blame f. Protecting yourself from being criticized or attacked
7. Constructive g. To start talking about a particular topic
feedback
8. A perspective h. To say or think that someone is responsible for
something bad happening

Conflict management
Knowing how to handle conflict is an important professional

skill. Conflict at work can affect the motivation and well-
being of staff and create unnecessary distractions and stress.
People with conflict management skills resolve
disagreements quickly and effectively, enabling effective
teamwork and maximum productivity. Successful conflict
management also
helps to create an atmosphere in which individuals can learn from others, develop their
talents and think creatively. Conflict management can be challenging, but people who
do
it well are highly valued by their colleagues and companies.
Fight or flight
When conflict arises, we can often see nature’s fight-or-flight response – either
attacking the enemy or running away. The ‘fight’ reaction is when people start to
prepare themselves for an argument. But by getting aggressive, they might not only
damage their relationships but also miss the chance of growing through constructive
feedback.
The ‘flight’ response involves ignoring the issue altogether. People suppress their
feelings, hide disagreements and pretend that everything is fine when it is not. However,
the conflict remains unresolved and the problem gets worse.
So how can we go beyond our immediate reactions to make conflict a source of trust-
building and development? Here are eight tips to help us manage conflict successfully.
1. Consider the best time and place for the conversation. While it is important to
talk about the issue, doing it in the wrong place and in front of the wrong people can
result in embarrassment and an inability to truly listen. If possible, make an appointment
to sit down and talk through the issue with the people involved.
2. Assume positive intentions. If you walk into a conversation assuming that you’re
not liked or that you’re going to be attacked, you’ll most likely spend that time
defending yourself and feeling angry and hurt. Remember that you’re going through this
process because people want to resolve the issue and get along. So, start by assuming
that their intentions are positive and that the things they are going to say are for the
good of the team. This will allow for an open conversation that aims to improve the
situation rather than make it worse.
3. Make sure it’s a two-way conversation. A conversation is not a monologue. It is
not a chance for one party to list all the things they are angry and unhappy about
without letting the other person react. A real conversation allows all parties to share
their perspectives and collaborate to find a satisfactory way forward. If you find
yourself in a monologue, stop and ask some questions.
4. Listen and be open to change. Many of us think we listen but instead are simply
waiting for our chance to respond. Put your thoughts aside for the moment and truly
listen when the other person is speaking. Growth and development are only possible if
you allow their words to change you.
5. Be specific about the issue and the impact. It’s easy to generalize and make
broad accusations, for example using statements such as You always ... or You never ...
However, this often results in a defensive response. Instead, be specific about what the
issue is, give examples and be clear about the impact of the problem. Be as objective as
you can and avoid personal attacks.
6. Don’t bring up the past. Some of us feel the need to bring up less relevant past
events to gain an advantage over our conversation partner. This can make people feel
defensive and distract everyone from the main point of the conversation. Try to focus on
the main issue and how to make things better.
7. Take responsibility for your part in the problem. We are not perfect and we make
mistakes. Consider how you might have contributed to the problem and take
responsibility for it. This not only demonstrates your desire to work as a team but also
shows that you are not just looking for an opportunity to blame the other party.
8. Focus on the future. Conversations about conflict are often focused on what
shouldn’t have been and what could have been done. Instead, focus on the future. What
steps can you take to resolve the problem? How can you avoid this happening again?
With careful management, conflicts can help us make the most of our differences and
find a way of working together successfully.
B. Choose True or False:
1. Employers don’t realize that conflict management skills are useful. T / F
2. When faced with conflict, it is natural to want to run away or to get ready for
battle. T / F
3. When we choose between ‘fight’ or ‘flight’, they can both result in a lost
opportunity to make things better. T / F
4. It is best to start dealing with conflict immediately, without worrying too much
about the time and place. T / F
5. Many people who say they are listening are in fact thinking of what they are
going to say in reply. T / F
6. Focusing on examples of the other person’s wrongdoing helps to resolve
conflict. T / F
Expressions to Show Agreement

These are some expressions to show agreement in English
I agree with you 100

percent. I couldn’t agree
with more.
That’s so true...
You’re absolutely right.
Absolutely.
That’s exactly how I feel.
Exactly.
I’m afraid I agree with James.
You have a point there.
I was just going to say that.
Expressions to Show Disagreement
These are some expressions to show disagreement in English
I don’t think so.

No way.
I’m afraid I
disagree. I totally
disagree.
I beg to differ.
Not necessarily.
That’s not always true.
That’s not always the case.
I’m not so sure about that
A. Read short conversations and write agree if you think they agree and disagree if
you think they disagree:
1. ………………………
A: I think that we should ban guns
B: I don’t agree with you, I think that’s a violation to your rights
2. ………………………
A: I think Marihuana should be illegal
B: I totally disagree with you, Marihuana is not that harmful
3. ………………………
A: Abortion should be Illegal
B: I don’t think so, what’s your reasoning behind it?
4. ………………………
A: What are your thoughts on Gay Marriage?
B: I think we all should have the same rights
5. ………………………
A: Those students always fail classes like these
B: That’s not always the case
6. ………………………
A: I think we should be ban Video Games
B: No way
7. ………………………
A: What do you think about the Pandemic?
B: I think we should stay home if that’s among your possibilities
8. ………………………
A: I think we have to let science decide
B: I couldn’t agree more
Watch the video and complete the dialogue with the words in the box:
https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/skills/speaking/b1-speaking/agreeing-disagreeing
Definitely not so sure got a point convinced I disagree

get me wrong what you mean right
A: Here's my design for the new advertising campaign. What do you

think? B: I'm not (1) that this is what the client wants.
A: But they asked for bright colors.
B: I think (2) They said they wanted the design to be fresh and fun.
A: But this design IS fresh and fun.
B: I'm (3) ……………………...
A: Really?
B: Don't (4) , I like your design but it doesn't fit the brief.
A: I see (5) I guess it's a bit too flashy.
B: What about changing the red and the stars?
A: Maybe you've (6) …………………... there. I think you're (7) Is
that better?
B: Yes, (8) ……………………...
Discuss the following statements, you agree or disagree and why:
1. English is easy to learn.

2. Money is more important than love.
3. Students should be required to study English in elementary school.
4. Violence is sometimes necessary.
5. Personality is more important than beauty.
6. People who live in apartments shouldn't own pets.
7. No job is perfect.
8. Everyone is good at something.
9. We are not alone in the universe.
10. Life was better 20 years ago.
11. The most important thing about a job is the salary.
12. You can know a lot about a person from the clothes he or she wears.
13. Teachers should be able to use physical punishment.
14. Global warming isn't real.
15. There are actions we can take to stop global warming.
16. There are no such things as ghosts.
17. Everyone has the right to have an opinion even if the opinion is false according
to well-known facts.
18. People get offended too easily nowadays.
19. What goes around comes around. (If you do good, good will come to you / If
you do bad, bad things will happen to you.)
20. Parents should never hit their children.
21. Table manners and etiquette have become less important in the 21st century.
When was the last time you disagreed with someone? Describe all the situation (100
words maximum).
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
UNIT Lesson
5 5E
Autonomous work
A. Circle the word or phrase that does not belong in each group:
1. popular / decision / opinion / agreement
2. guess / hypothesis / politics / theory
3. fundamental / essential / central / mistaken
4. take care of / inclined to / support / encourage
5. investigate / find out about / study / ignore
6. succeed / prosper / thrive / reduce
7. romantic / forceful / strong / persuasive
8. order / error / regulation / law
A. Read the following text. What is the main idea of it?
The Right Job for Your Personality
Choosing a career is an important life decision, yet many

people settle on one based on the opinions of friends and
family. It’s very difficult to find something you really
enjoy doing, but scientists have devised tests to help
people come closer to finding their dream job.
One of the most widely used tests is the Holland Code.
Psychologist John Holland worked for more than 50 years
to develop his theories about personality and career choice. He created a set of six
personality types to help people understand what careers might be best for them. Dr.
Holland believed that people work best in environments that match their personalities,
and the key to finding a satisfying career is to match your fundamental interests with an
occupation.
Take a look at the six personality types below and see which jobs might be right for you.
Most people are a combination of two or three types.
Realistic
Realistic people like to work with things they can see or touch. They are inclined to
solve problems by doing them, rather than thinking or talking about them. They
generally like to work outside and are good with tools, machines, plants, and animals.
Job matches: carpenter, chef, nurse, pilot
Investigative
People of this personality type value ideas and are strong at tasks that allow them to
investigate facts and figure out complex problems. They are better at individual work
like research and study, rather than leading groups of people or working in teams.
Job matches: computer programmer, historian, psychologist, surgeon
Artistic
Artists are creative people. They don’t work well with structure and rules, and thrive
instead in environments that allow communication and a free flow of ideas. They enjoy
tasks that allow them to express themselves and mix with people.
Job matches: actor, art therapist, graphic designer, writer
Social
Social personalities love to work with people. They get the most satisfaction out of
teaching and helping others, and are driven to serve the community as opposed to
making money.
Job matches: coach, counselor, social worker, teacher
Enterprising
Many great leaders and business people have enterprising personalities. These are
persuasive people who are good at making decisions and leading teams. They tend to
value money, power, and status, and will work toward achieving them.
Job matches: business owner, event manager, lawyer, salesperson
Conventional
Conventional people appreciate rules and regulations, and like having structure to their
lives. They are logical thinkers and have a lot of self-control, making them the perfect
people to work with data and details.
Job matches: accountant, analyst, editor, librarian
Nowadays, anyone can take a Holland Code personality test online to find what jobs
might be right for them. Why not try it today?
B. Match the personality type with the description.
Type Answer Description

1. Realistic a. likes to lead and influence other people
2. Investigative b. likes to organize things and check details
3. Artistic c. likes to create new things and express their ideas
4. Social d. likes to work with their bodies and do practical
things
5. Enterprising e. likes to work with ideas and problems
6. Conventional f. likes to work with and help other people
C. Read the following sentences. Choose true (T) or false (F).

1. A person can fit into several personality types. T / F
2. Realistic and Conventional people like working with objects. T / F
3. Most people consider their personality type before choosing a job. T / F
4. Both Social and Investigative types like working with other people. T / F
5. You need to see an expert to take a Holland Code test. T / F
1. If there isn't any tea, I'll make do coffee
a. with
b. for
c. out
2. Please take your shoes before entering the temple.
a. away
b. down
c. off
3. How are you going to meet the deadlines if you take too many
projects?
a. in
b. on
c. out
4. If you love Susie why don’t you take her on a date?
a. in
b. up
c. out
5. He took farming after retirement.
a. in
b. out
c. up
6. We will take this issue when we meet next week.
a. up
b. on
c. over
7. When we were kids we would spend the entire afternoon running …………….
the neighborhood.
a. over
b. around
c. on
8. I want to run President.
a. on
b. for
c. after
9. I ran an old friend of mine yesterday.
a. at
b. into
c. over
10. Can you run hundred copies of this document?
a. over
b. off
c. about
11. I ran a dog while driving home from work.
a. after
b. over
c. on
12. He has run a huge debt on his credit cards.
a. in
b. up
c. out
B. Make sentences using 'be used to + verb-ing' or 'be used to + noun /
pronoun'. You need to choose the correct tense:
1. I (live) in London, so the crowds don't bother me.

2. She (the Tokyo subway) so she doesn't get lost.
3. He ………………………. (not/deal) with animals, so he's a bit scared of the
dogs.
4. John (drive)in heavy traffic.
5. I ………………………. (wake)up in the night with my baby. I drink lots of
coffee!
C. Choose the correct answer and fill in the sentences:
1. He has a good job and ………………………. a lot of money. Does / makes
2. Alice ………………………. very well in her math’s test. Did / made
3. Do you want me to ………………………. you a coffee? Make / do
4. Joe ………………………. his homework yet. Hasn´t made / hasn´t done
5. The children are………………………. a lot of noise right now. Doing / making
6. Have you any plans for the weekend yet. Done / made
7. Cara ………………………. the dishes every evening. Does / makes
8. If you want to get fit, you should …………………. more exercise. Make / do
9. Luis always dinner as soon as he gets home. Does / makes
10. John went into the kitchen to a phone call. Make / do
D. Agree or disagree, accept or refuse according to the task in parentheses.

Choose the most appropriate answer.
1. He doesn't speak English. – (Agree.)
a. But he does
b. No, he does
c. No, he doesn't
d. Yes, he does
2. I think she knows him. – (Disagree.)
a. But she does
b. No, she does
c. No, she doesn't
d. Yes, she does
3. You haven't seen Tom, have you? – (Agree.)
a. No, I haven't
b. No, I didn't
c. Yes, I have
d. Yes, I did
4. You won't go to work tomorrow, will you? – (Disagree.)
a. No, I will
b. No, I won't
c. Yes, I will
d. Yes, I won't
5. It was a great party! – (Agree.)
a. I couldn't agree less
b. I couldn't agree more
c. I couldn't care less
d. I couldn't disagree more
6. It is the worst film we've ever seen. – (Disagree.)
a. I couldn't say
b. I suppose so
c. I wouldn't say that
d. You can say that again
7. Would you like another piece of chocolate cake? – (Accept.)
a. No, thank you
b. I'm afraid I'm on a diet
c. Thank you, but I really can't eat any more
d. Yes, please. It's delicious
8. Please have some more fried chicken. – (Refuse.)
a. I wouldn't say no
b. Thank you, but I've had enough
c. Thank you, you are very kind
d. Yes, please. I'd love some
A. Listen to the audio and complete the gaps with the correct word:
1. The organization Tourism Australia is offering six jobs, for six

.
2. If you want one of these jobs, you have to make a short .
3. The job of outback adventurer is for someone with a passion for
life.
4. Job number two is a park in Queensland.
5. The wildlife caretaker job on Kangaroo Island is for someone who loves
.
6. If you’re not an outdoor person, the next job is for someone whose talents are in
7. .
8. The taste master will need to about food as well as enjoy
eating it.
9. The final job is based in
B. Do this exercise while you listen. Put the job requirements with the correct job.
a. Write, take photographs and make films

b. Help preserve and promote plants, animals, fossils and indigenous culture
c. Work with some dangerous animals
d. Work with the organizers of festivals
e. Find the best places for “wining and dining”
f. Learn how to make alcoholic drinks
g. Work in a state with the world’s biggest sand island
h. Use social media to tell people about cool events
i. Find adventures and employment for young people on working holidays
j. Travel in a hot air balloon and be prepared to eat insects!
k. Use different types of transport and leave only footprints
l. Report on cafés, concerts and days out
Outback adventurer Park ranger Wildlife caretaker
Lifestyle journalist Taste master Chief funster

BIBLIOGRAPHY
Unit 1
● The Parts of Speech in English Grammar - with Examples. (s. f.). [Vídeo].
https://www.myenglishpages.com/english/vocabulary-lesson-types-of-films.php
● Ebert, R. (2000, 10 noviembre). Men of Honor Movie Review & Film Summary
(2000) | Roger Ebert. Roger Ebert. https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/men-of-
honor-2000
● Prefer. (2023). En English Grammar Today - Cambridge Dictionary.
https://dictionary.cambridge.org/es-LA/grammar/british-grammar/prefer
● The parts of speech in English Grammar - with examples. (s. f.). [Vídeo].
https://www.myenglishpages.com/english/vocabulary-lesson-types-of-tv-
shows.php
● Colaboradores de Wikipedia. (2023). Yo soy Betty, la Fea. Wikipedia, la
enciclopedia libre. https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yo_soy_Betty,_la_fea
● Would rather, would sooner. (2023). En Grammar - Cambridge Dictionary.
https://dictionary.cambridge.org/grammar/british-grammar/would-rather-would-
sooner
● Kid, C. (2023, 22 julio). A complete list of anime genres with explanations.
ReelRundown. https://reelrundown.com/animation/Anime-Genre-List
● A Short History of anime | Anime Guide | Japan City Tour. (2023, 31 julio).
Japan City Tour. https://www.japancitytour.com/info/short-history-anime.html
● Sitcom: What it is, how it works. (s. f.).
https://public.wsu.edu/~taflinge/sitcom.html#:~:text=However%2C%20this%20
term%20applies%20to,dramedy%20for%20the%20dramatic%20comedy.
● Would rather, would prefer - Gap-filling - exercise 1 | English Grammar online.
(s. f.). https://www.engblocks.com/grammar/exercises/would-rather-would-
prefer/would-rather-would-prefer-gap-filling-exercise-1/
● Wikipedia contributors. (2023). How I met your mother. Wikipedia.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/How_I_Met_Your_Mother
● Wikipedia contributors. (2023b). Friends. Wikipedia.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friends
● My favourite film. (s. f.). LearnEnglish Teens.
https://learnenglishteens.britishcouncil.org/skills/listening/b1-listening/my-
favourite-film
Unit 2
● Gossip and Rumour - SMART Vocabulary cloud with related words and phrases.
(2023). https://dictionary.cambridge.org/topics/communication/gossip-and-
rumour/
● Pocket Passport. (2022, 11 marzo). Gossip & Rumors ESL lesson | Talking
about Secrets - Pocket Passport.
https://pocketpassport.com/blog/gossip-rumors-esl- lesson-printable-lesson/
● Gordon, S. (2020). Understanding the impact of rumors and gossip. Verywell
Family. https://www.verywellfamily.com/understanding-the-impact-of-rumors-
and-gossip-460625
● Reported speech. (s. f.). https://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/reported-
speech.html
● Reported speech: Questions. (2023, 12 septiembre). LearnEnglish.
https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/grammar/b1-b2-grammar/reported-
speech-questions
● Reported speech - simple present - sentences - exercise. (s. f.).
https://www.englisch-
hilfen.de/en/exercises/reported_speech/simple_present_sentences.htm
● Reported speech - simple past - sentences - exercise. (s. f.).
hilfen.de/en/exercises/reported_speech/simple_past_sentences.htm
● Reported speech - present progressive - sentences - exercise. (s. f.).
hilfen.de/en/exercises/reported_speech/present_progressive_sentences.htm
● Clements, P. (s. f.). Everyday life: Fake news. Onestopenglish.
https://www.onestopenglish.com/general-english/everyday-life-fake-
news/558003.article
● Breaking News English ESL lesson Plan on Journalism. (s. f.).
https://breakingnewsenglish.com/0505/050504-journalism-e.html
● Reported Speech - Present Perfect - Exercise 1 | English Grammar Online. (s. f.).
https://www.engblocks.com/grammar/exercises/reported-speech/reported-
speech-present-perfect-exercise-1/
● Reported speech - present perfect - sentences - exercise. (s. f.).
hilfen.de/en/exercises/reported_speech/present_perfect_sentences.htm
● Reported speech exercises - Present perfect to past perfect. (s. f.). https://first-
english.org/english_learning/reported_speech/66_reported_speech_present_perf
ect_past_perfect.htm
● Breaking News English ESL lesson Plan on Journalism. (s. f.-b).
https://breakingnewsenglish.com/0505/050504-journalism-e.html
● Eeleekoay. (2023). Message Taking in Business English: The 6-step guide for
flawless phone skills. FluentU Business English Blog.
https://www.fluentu.com/blog/business-english/message-taking/
● Seeger, T. (s. f.). Leaving a message - Business English lesson.
https://lingua.com/businessenglish/reading/leaving-a-message/
● Grammargeek. (2021). Reported commands and requests in English • 7ESL.
7ESL. https://7esl.com/reported-commands-and-requests/
● Rodriguo. (2022, 1 marzo). Exercises of Reported Speech with Modals IV |
SuperProf. Material Didáctico - Superprof.
https://www.superprof.es/apuntes/idiomas/ingles/gramatica-
inglesa/clauses/exercises-reported-speech-with-modals-iv.html
● Said Vs. told - Exercise 1 | English Grammar online. (s. f.).
https://www.engblocks.com/grammar/exercises/reported-speech/said-vs-told-
exercise-1/
● Reported Commands, Affirmative Sentences - English. (s. f.).
https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/reported_speech/commands.htm
● Reported Commands, Negations - English. (s. f.). https://www.englisch-
hilfen.de/en/exercises/reported_speech/commands_negations.htm
● Leaving a message. (2023, 13 septiembre).
LearnEnglish.
https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/skills/listening/a2-listening/leaving-
message
● The rise of fake news. (s. f.). LearnEnglish Teens.
https://learnenglishteens.britishcouncil.org/skills/reading/c1-reading/rise-fake-
news
● Reported Speech - Mixed Exercise | English4U. (s. f.). https://www.english-
4u.de/en/grammar-exercises/reported-speech7.htm
● Listening worksheet: Reported Speech – Harmful social media content (Upper
Intermediate-Advanced). (2022, 2 marzo). JIMMYESL.
https://jimmyesl.com/material/listening-comprehension-worksheet-reported-
speech-social-media-upper-intermediate-advanced/
Unit 3
● Superadmin. (2020, 29 junio). 5 great expressions for talking about a blind date!
- Learn Hot English. Learn Hot English. https://learnhotenglish.com/5-great-
expressions-for-talking-about-a-date/
● Present Perfect continuous | EF | Global site. (s. f.).
https://www.ef.com/wwen/english-resources/english-grammar/present-perfect-
continuous/
● Present Perfect Continuous Exercise 1. (s. f.). https://www.perfect-english-
grammar.com/present-perfect-continuous-exercise-1.html
● Sentences and questions in present perfect Progressive/Continuous. (s. f.).
hilfen.de/en/exercises/tenses/present_perfect_progressive_mix.htm
● Past Perfect Continuous Exercise 1. (s. f.). https://www.perfect-english-
grammar.com/past-perfect-continuous-exercise-1.html
● GbR, L. (s. f.-b). Exercise on past perfect progressive - English grammar.
https://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/past-perfect-progressive/exercises
● Rodriguo. (2023, 1 septiembre). Exercises: Past Perfect Continuous II |
SuperProf. Material Didáctico - Superprof.
https://www.superprof.es/apuntes/idiomas/ingles/gramatica-inglesa/verb-
tense/exercises-past-perfect-continuous-ii.html
● Tell a story or personal anecdote. (s. f.). LearnEnglish Teens.
https://learnenglishteens.britishcouncil.org/exams/speaking-exams/tell-story-or-
personal-anecdote
● Quigley, L. (2022). How to make a medical appointment in English. Lingoda.
https://blog.lingoda.com/en/making-appointment-english/
● Present perfect simple or present perfect continuous? (2023). En Cambridge
Grammar. https://dictionary.cambridge.org/grammar/british-grammar/present-
perfect-simple-or-present-perfect-continuous
● Present Perfect simple and continuous quiz | ELTbase. (s. f.).
https://www.eltbase.com/quiz/151_01.htm
● Past perfect simple or past perfect continuous? (2023). En Cambridge Grammar.
https://dictionary.cambridge.org/grammar/british-grammar/past-perfect-simple-
or-past-perfect-continuous
● Oxford University Press, English Language Teaching - elt.enquiry@oup.com. (s.
f.). Unit 2 - Exercise 2 - Past Perfect Simple and Continuous | Solutions | Oxford
University Press.
https://elt.oup.com/student/solutions/upperint/grammar/grammar_02_022e?cc=e
c&selLanguage=en
● Past perfect vs. Past perfect continuous - exercise | English Grammar online. (s.
f.). https://www.engblocks.com/grammar/exercises/tenses/past-perfect-vs-past-
perfect-continuous/
● Thompson, L. (2009, 12 noviembre). 29. Mystery Story / Narrative Tenses in
English | Luke’s ENGLISH podcast.
https://teacherluke.co.uk/2009/11/12/mystery-story-narrative-tenses/
● Present perfect simple or continuous 1. (s. f.). https://www.perfect-english-
grammar.com/present-perfect-present-perfect-continuous-1.html
● Jena, M. (2022). Past perfect and past perfect continuous exercises. Englishtivi.
https://englishtivi.com/past-perfect-and-past-perfect-continuous/
Unit 4
● Analyzing assumptions. (2021, 14 julio). Facing History & Ourselves.

https://www.facinghistory.org/resource-library/analyzing-assumptions
● 7 Assumptions we need to stop making about other people. (2019, 3 diciembre).
Marc and Angel Hack Life. https://www.marcandangel.com/2019/12/03/7-
assumptions-we-need-to-stop-making-about-other-people/
● Modals: Deductions about the past. (2023, 18 agosto).
LearnEnglish.
https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/grammar/b1-b2-grammar/modals-
deductions-about-past
● Laurent, S. (2023). How to use modal verbs in the past — in English with love.
In English With Love. https://www.inenglishwithlove.com/blog/modal-verbs-in-
the-past
● Test-English. (2023, 2 febrero). Past Modal Verbs of Deduction - Test-English.
https://test-english.com/grammar-points/b1-b2/past-modal-verbs/
● Rhalmi, M. (2022, 21 diciembre). Third conditional lesson plan - My English
pages. My English Pages. https://www.myenglishpages.com/blog/third-
conditional-lesson-plan/
● Advanced Grammar | Marge’s Day of Hell | ESL-lounge student. (s. f.). ESL
Lounge Student. https://www.esl-lounge.com/student/grammar/4g6-marges-day-
of-hell.php
● Type 3 Conditional | EF | Global Site. (s. f.). https://www.ef.com/wwen/english-
resources/english-grammar/type-3-conditional/
● Test-English. (2023b, febrero 2). Third conditional – past unreal situations - Page
2 of 3 - Test-English. https://test-english.com/grammar-points/b1/third-
conditional-past-unreal-situations/2/
● Third conditional exercise 1. (s. f.). https://www.perfect-english-
grammar.com/third-conditional-exercise-1.html
● Regrets: Third conditional | ENGLISH FOR SPEAKERS OF OTHER
LANGUAGES. (s. f.).
https://esol.excellencegateway.org.uk/content/learners/grammar-and-
vocabulary/grammar-lessons/regrets-third-conditional
● GbR, L. (s. f.-a). Exercise on Conditional Sentences Type 3 - 02 - English
Grammar. https://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/conditional-
sentences/type-3/exercises?02
● Third conditional. (s. f.). LearnEnglish Teens.
https://learnenglishteens.britishcouncil.org/grammar/b1-b2-grammar/third-
conditional
● 360Learning Inc. (s. f.). Second conditional reading – grammar readings.
learnEnglish-online. https://www.learnenglish-
online.com/grammar/readings/secondconditional
● BieMaster. (2023). 2nd and 3rd conditional structures. Break Into English.
https://englishclassviaskype.com/blog/how-to-learn-english/2nd-and-3rd-
conditional-structures/
● Test-English. (2023c, febrero 3). Second and third conditionals – Unreal
conditionals - Page 2 of 3 - Test-English. https://test-english.com/grammar-
points/b1-b2/second-third-conditionals/2/
● Test-English. (2023d, julio 2). If I were a millionaire – (Second conditional) –
A2 English Listening Test - Test-English.
https://test-english.com/listening/a2/if-i-
were-a-millionaire-second-conditional-a2-english-listening-test/
● Could have should have would have Exercise 1. (s. f.). https://www.perfect-
english-grammar.com/could-have-should-have-would-have-exercise-1.html
● The Titanic and the third conditional | ENGLISH FOR SPEAKERS OF OTHER
LANGUAGES. (s. f.).
https://esol.excellencegateway.org.uk/content/teachers/lessons-and-
activities/activities/titanic-and-third-conditional
Unit 5
● English Grammar 101 - Verbs: Types, tenses, and moods, Lesson 12: Phrasal
Verbs. (s. f.). https://www.englishgrammar101.com/module-3/verbs-types-
tenses-and-moods/lesson-12/phrasal-
verbs#:~:text=Definition%3A%20Phrasal%20verbs%20are%20made,those%20
of%20the%20individual%20words.
● 7 Phrasal verbs with do - UsingEnglish.com. (s. f.). UsingEnglish.com.
https://www.usingenglish.com/reference/phrasal-verbs/do.html
● Oxford Language Club. (s. f.).
https://oxfordlanguageclub.com/page/blog/phrasal-verbs-with-take
● Oliveira, S. (2023). 12 phrasal verbs with RUN. Espresso English.
https://www.espressoenglish.net/12-phrasal-verbs-with-run/
● Making it Up - Phrasal verb stories. (s. f.). TeachingEnglish.
https://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/teaching-resources/teaching-
adults/activities/upper-intermediate-b2/making-it-phrasal-verb-stories
● «Phrasal Verbs - Do» quiz - Exercise & Worksheet - UsingEnglish.com. (s. f.).
UsingEnglish.com. https://www.usingenglish.com/quizzes/187.html
● Phrasal verbs with take exercise. (2018, 18 marzo). Home of English Grammar.
https://www.englishgrammar.org/phrasal-verbs-exercise-8/
● Phrasal verbs with run exercise. (2017, 8 agosto). Home of English Grammar.
https://www.englishgrammar.org/phrasal-verbs-run-exercise/
● Productions, T. B. E. (s. f.). ELLLO - Beginner English - B1-25 - Phrasal Verbs.
https://www.elllo.org/class/B1/B1-25-Phrasal-Verbs.html
● Kan, Q. (s. f.). A brief introduction to the Chinese education system. A brief
introduction to the Chinese education system.
https://www.open.edu/openlearn/education-development/a-brief-introduction-
the-chinese-education-system
● Traffis, C. (2023). What does “Supposed to” mean? How to use it correctly |
Grammarly. What Does “Supposed To” Mean? How to Use It Correctly |
Grammarly. https://www.grammarly.com/blog/supposed-to/
● StoringMyEnglish. (2019, 2 agosto). BE LIKELY + TO + INFINITIVE / IT’S
LIKELY + THAT + FUTURE CLAUSE. Storing my English.
https://storingmyenglish.wordpress.com/2019/06/21/be-likely-to-infinitive-its-
likely-that-future-clause/
● Different uses of «used to». (2023, 9 septiembre). LearnEnglish.
https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/grammar/b1-b2-grammar/different-uses-
of-used-to
● Upper-intermediate Grammar Exercise (B2 level): Supposed to. (2023, 3
marzo). Speakspeak. https://speakspeak.com/english-grammar-exercises/upper-
intermediate/supposed-to
● Test-English. (2023a, febrero 2). Likely, unlikely, bound, definitely, probably –
probability - Page 3 of 3 - Test-English. https://test-english.com/grammar-
points/b1-b2/likely-unlikely-bound-definitely-probably/3/
● Used to, get used to, be used to - exercise | English Grammar online. (s. f.).
https://www.engblocks.com/grammar/exercises/used-to/used-to-get-used-to-be-
used-to/
● Used to exercise 3. (s. f.). https://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/used-to-
exercise-3.html
● Do or make ? (2023). En Grammar - Cambridge Dictionary.
https://dictionary.cambridge.org/grammar/british-grammar/do-or-make
● Test-English. (2023a, febrero 2). Do vs make - What’s the difference? - Page 2 of
3 - Test-English.
https://test-english.com/grammar-points/a2/do-vs-make- difference/2/
● Rodriguo. (2023a, mayo 1). Exercises: «To do» - «Do» and «make» I |
Superprof. Material Didáctico - Superprof.
https://www.superprof.es/apuntes/idiomas/ingles/gramatica-
inglesa/verbs/exercises-to-do-do-and-make-i.html
● Campos, M. (2023, 6 julio). How to agree and disagree in English.
EnglishPost.org. https://englishpost.org/how-to-agree-and-disagree/
● Useful English: Ex. 5: Agree or disagree. (s. f.).
https://usefulenglish.ru/phrases/phrases-exercise-five
● EnglishCurrent. (2021, 12 marzo). Discussion and speech topics for Agreeing &
Disagreeing (ESL). English Current.
https://www.englishcurrent.com/speaking/discussion-speech-topics-esl/
● Used to exercise 3. (s. f.-b). https://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/used-to-
exercise-3.html
● The best job in the world. (s. f.). LearnEnglish Teens.
https://learnenglishteens.britishcouncil.org/skills/listening/b2-listening/best-job-
world

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INTERMEDIATE 2

NOVIEMBRE 2023 - MARZO 2024

20-25 1C. Anime Vocabulary: Anime Would Prefer Anime genres

31-34 1E. Autonomous Vocabulary: Movies, TV Prefer Movies, TV

Carl Brashear was quite a guy. A black sharecropper's son

The movie is an old-fashioned biopic, and I mean that as a

Choose the correct option:

I prefer tea to coffee.

We don’t use than after prefer:

She prefers books to magazines.

We can use a to-infinitive or an -ing form after prefer:

She’s not keen on coffee. She prefers to drink tea.

Summary: Prefer can be followed by a noun, to-infinitive, and ing-form (gerund)

A. Choose the correct option:

1. John ……. going home to the movies.

2. Ana prefers horror films to romantic ones.

3. Peter prefers at home.

4. Harry prefers to coffee.

5. I prefer watching movies at home …… going to the movies.

1. Mary is not so healthy.

2. Nelly loves adventure.

3. Pablo doesn´t like to go out of his house.

4. Carl sleeps early every day.

5. Mike loves eating junk food at the cinema.

C. Answer the following personal questions:

1. Which movies do you prefer? Why?

2. Do you prefer watching movies at home or at the cinema? Why?

4. Do you prefer to watch movies alone or with someone else? Why?

1. The scene takes place in ………

2. On which step did the man almost give up?

4. According to his superior a diver is:

5. How many steps did he make?

2. Share your answers with the whole class.

Betty the Ugly

Betty the Ugly, is a Colombian soap opera, created

Choose the correct option:

Same subject + base form / refers to the present

Different subject + past simple clause / refers to the present or future

We use than to compare 2 clauses.

A. Choose the correct option:

1. talk / first / I'd / you / rather / him / to

2. you / I'd / took / the / hospital / to / rather / her

4. I got a bad grade.

5. My sister failed the English course.

C. Answer the following personal questions:

1. Would you rather watch international or national TV programs? Why?

2. Which genre of TV programs would you rather see? Why?

4. Would you rather watch reality shows or soap operas? Why?

5. Would you rather watch news or sports shows? Why?

Watch the following video and choose the right answer:

1. Betty makes a compliment about the other girl´s ……

2. What is the mistake the guy mentioned?

3. What is Betty´s passion?

4. What has she learned from Meade Publications?

5. Does she get a job vacancy in this scene?

1. Match the anime genres with their definitions.

A Short History of Anime

Anime is one of the most important modern

Choose the correct option:

I’d prefer to go by myself.

I’d prefer to go skiing this year rather than go on a beach holiday.

A. Choose the correct option: