SOCIETY & SOCIAL GROUPS

A Society may be characterized by patterns of relationships among

individuals and they may share same cultural values, adhering to a
particular norm system. a social group, on the other hand, is a collection of
more than one individual, sharing common characteristics and shares a
unity among the group members.
 EXAMPLES OF SOCIAL GROUP
There are groups of people everywhere you go. As a
person, you may belong to many different types of
groups: a religious group, an ethnic group, your
workplace colleague group, your college class, a
sports team, etc. These groups can also be called
social groups.
 WHAT IS GROUP?
• a number of people or things that are located
close together or are considered or classed
together.
• People who interact with one another and think
of themselves as belonging together.
 EXAMPLES OF GROUPS
• Friends
• Teammates
• Student club
• Ethic groups, etc....
AGGREGATES
A social aggregate is a collection of people who are
in the same place at the same time but who
otherwise have nothing else in common.
EXAMPLE OF AN AGGREGATE
• A crowd at a sporting event and the audience
at a movie or play are examples of social
aggregates.
• The people gathered in a restaurant on a
particular evening.
• Passengers riding together one car of a train.
COLLECTIVE
A collective is a large group of individuals whose
relationships to one another are loosely formed,
spontaneous, and brief. Members are generally
connected through performing similar actions or
possessing similar outlooks.
EXAMPLE OF AN COLLECTIVE

Examples of collectives include audiences to a

show, bystanders, people at the park, etc.
SOCIAL ORGANIZATION & SOCIAL STRUCTURE
Social organization is a pattern of relationships
between and among individuals and social
groups. Social structure is the term that is given to
all of the interconnected relationships of the
various social groups and institutions in which
people create and become part of.
 EXAMPLES OF SOCIAL ORGANIZATION & SOCIAL
STRUCTURE
• Common examples of modern social
organizations are government agencies,
NGO's and corporations.
• Examples of social structure are families,
schools, religious organizations, social clubs,
etc.
•TWO TYPES OF SOCIAL GROUP, WE
HAVE GEMEINSCHAFT (COMMUNITY)
AND GESELLSCHAFT ( SOCIETY).
GEMEINSCHAFT
is a spontaneously arising organic social relationship
characterized by strong reciprocal bonds of sentiment and
kinship within a common tradition.
GESELLSCHAFT
is a rationally developed mechanistic type of social
relationship characterized by impersonally contracted
associations between persons.
 EXAMPLES OF GEMEINSCHAFT
For example, they have an informal governing body within
the community instead of a large, powerful, government that
manages affairs and contracts from the outside. The
community members in a gemeinschaft community help one
another and take care of one another when there is a need.
The well-being and the wishes of the community supersede
the wishes and desires of the individual in these
communities. All the members work together as one for the
good of all.
 EXAMPLE OF GESELLSCHAFT
A MODERN BUSINESS is a good example of gesellschaft: the
workers, managers, and owners may have very little in terms
of shared orientations or beliefs, or they may not care
deeply for the product they are making, but it is in all their
self interest to come to work to make money, and, therefore,
the business continues.
WE HAVE......
•PRIMARY GROUP
•SECONDARY GROUP
•IN – GROUP
•OUT GROUP
•REFERENCE
•STEREOTYPES
 PRIMARY GROUP
•A GROUP HELD TOGETHER BY INTIMATE, FACE-TO-FACE
RELATIONSHIPS, FORMED BY FAMILY AND
ENVIRONMENTAL ASSOCIATIONS AND REGARDED AS
BASIC TO SOCIAL LIFE AND CULTURE.
EXAMPLE OF PRIMARY GROUP
•EXAMPLES OF THESE WOULD BE FAMILY GROUPS,
LOVE RELATIONSHIPS, CRISIS SUPPORT GROUPS,
AND CHURCH GROUPS.
 SECONDARY GROUP
•A SOCIAL GROUP CHARACTERIZED BY CONSCIOUS
COLLECTIVE INTEREST AND FORMAL ASSOCIATION.
— CONTRASTED WITH PRIMARY GROUP.
•SECONDARY GROUPS ARE ALSO GROUPS IN WHICH
ONE EXCHANGES EXPLICIT COMMODITIES, SUCH AS
LABOR FOR WAGES, SERVICES FOR PAYMENTS, ETC.
 EXAMPLES OF SECONDARY
GROUP
•EXAMPLES OF THESE WOULD BE EMPLOYMENT,
VENDOR-TO-CLIENT RELATIONSHIPS, A DOCTOR, A
MECHANIC, AN ACCOUNTANT, AND SUCH.
 IN- GROUP
•A GROUP WITH WHICH ONE FEELS A SENSE OF
SOLIDARITY OR COMMUNITY OF INTERESTS —
COMPARE OUT-GROUP. ( MERRIAM WEBSTER)
EXAMPLES OF IN- GROUP
•FRATERNITIES, SORORITIES, SPORTS TEAMS, AND
JUVENILE GANGS are examples of in-groups.
members of an in-group often end up competing with
members of another group for various kinds of
rewards.
 OUT- GROUP
•those people who do not belong to a specific in-group.
•a group that is distinct from one’s own and so usually an
object of hostility or dislike — compare in-group sense.
•out-group is defined by its lack of that shared element.
 EXAMPLES OF OUT- GROUP
•a child's best friends, having dinner with the child's
family (the friends are not a part of the family)
•the marching band performing at a sports team’s
game (the band is not part of the sports team)
 REFERENCE
•a reference group is a group to which an individual
or another group is compared, used by sociologists
in reference to any group that is used by an individual
as a standard for evaluating themselves and their
own behavior.
EXAMPLE OF REFERENCE GROUP
•an example of a reference group is a family. members
of a family will compare themselves to each other
(even unconsciously) to determine if they are
individually thriving or falling short of the
expectations within the family.
•another reference group can be seen in the example of a
person who wants to join the police force. this person
might study other police officers, ask questions of
officers, and learn how officers behave in daily life. then
this person might begin to emulate those officers in an
attempt to prepare to become part of the police force.
 STEREO TYPES
•a stereotype is a widely held, simplified, and
essentialist belief about a specific group. groups
are often stereotyped on the basis of sex, gender
identity, race and ethnicity, nationality, age,
socioeconomic status, language, and so forth.
•Stereotypes are deeply embedded within social
institutions and wider culture.
•In social psychology, a stereotype is a generalized
belief about a particular category of people. it is
an expectation that people might have about
every person of a particular group.
THE MOST COMMON STEREOTYPES
THAT TEND TO BE NEGATIVE INCLUDE:
•Cultural Stereotypes
• Social Stereotypes
• Racial Stereotypes
• Gender Stereotypes
• Religious Stereotypes
 EXAMPLES OF CULTURAL
STEREOTYPES
•Students from STE are better than
Students from TLE. (negative)
•Students from TLE are active and Skillful.
(positive)
EXAMPLES OF SOCIAL STEREOTYPES
•Sexy type of person is better at something than
nerdy type of person simply because they belong to
that group. (negative)
•Genius people are organized and punctual and the
group is wisest. ( positive)
 EXAMPLES OF RACIAL STEREOTYPES

•Students From Midsalip NHS Are Not As Good At

Something As Students From Holy trinity Hs. (
Negative)
•Students Of MNHS Are Fun And Energetic. (Positive)
EXAMPLES OF GENDER STEREOTYPES

• X GENDER IS BETTER AT SOMETHING THAN Y

GENDER. (NEGATIVE)
•PEOPLE OF X GENDER ARE MORE INTELLIGENT.
(POSITIVE)
 EXAMPLES OF RELIGIOUS
STEREOTYPES
•PEOPLE WHO PRACTICE X RELIGION ARE
EXTREMISTS AND HYPOCRITES. (NEGATIVE)
•PEOPLE WHO PRACTICE X RELIGION DO GOOD
THINGS FOR OTHERS. (POSITIVE)