CH 502

AY 2023-24

Fundamentals of Particle
Technology

Lecture 1
Introduction
** Particulate system

** Particle Technology
Session I – Particulate system
How we define matters/substances…..
Fluids Soft Solids Solids

Soap

Bricks Iron rods Steel poles

Butter

Powders Grains
Particulate materials/powders/bulk solids

All areas of process industries….

Everyday products…..

Food
Other Products….more food
Other Products….

Fertilizers …urea, NPK, phosphate

Metallic powders

Polymer pellets Pharma products

Waste solids & environmental pollution…..
Waste solids & environmental pollution…..
Catalysts & Supports
Types of reactors…

FCC reactor…

Trickle bed reactor

Packed column
More raw materials…

Copper ores
Phosphate mine & ore

Raw Coal
Iron ore
More raw materials…..in nature!
Flow sheet for a coal fired power plant
Significance of particle technology in the world economy…

Source: https://www.dupont.com
Significance of particle technology in the world economy…

2/3 of the products involve particulate

products -
- Powders
- Crystalline solids
- Granules
- Flakes
- Dispersions
- Pastes
Source: https://www.dupont.com
 Significance of particle technology in the world economy…

Mine industry-distribution of energy-

• 3-5% blasting
• 5-7% crushing
• 80-90% grinding

Around 1% of all electricity generated worldwide is used in reducing

particle size….

https://www.horiba.com/int/scientific/applications/pharmaceutical/pages/particle-size-reduction/
Significance of particle technology in the world economy…

Globally, India ranks 3rd in terms of pharmaceutical by volume and

14th by value….

https://www.ibef.org/industry/pharmaceutical-india
Flow sheet for a coal fired power plant
Dry cement (Portland cement): Not a drop of water!
Coffee: From plant to bottles….
Making sugar…..
Paper making scheme…..
More food: Murruku/Chakli

Processing
Final Product
STARTING POINT: Diverse components

Rice Flour Urad Dal Salt Asafoetida

Carom Seeds Red Chilli Powder Oil for frying Turmeric Powder
Processing….

Granular mixing
Processing….

Falling of particle in fluid media

Describing the size of a single particle

irregular-shaped particles

??

Regular-shaped particles
Description of particle shape
Complex particle shapes
Properties of single particle

• Size and size distribution

• Morphological properties such as
shape, density, porosity, and
structure
• Surface properties such as surface
energy, roughness, electrical
charge
• Mechanical properties
Particle size:

(a) What property or dimension of the

particle we are able to measure?
(b) The use.
Properties of single particle, granules that depend on particle size
Properties of particle assemblies and granules that depend on particle size
Particle shape:

Volume: Shape factor, particle sphericity:

Surface area:

Specific surface area:

Density and porosity:

Bulk density

Envelope density

True or skeletal density

Property distributions of particle populations:

Discrete distribution

Continuous distribution
Property distributions of particle populations:
Property distributions of particle populations:
Analysis?

Size analysis using sieve shaker

Size analysis using sedimentation Particle size analysis Analysis of shape and size
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