1.

Instructive and selective theories in generation of the immune effectors;

2. Immunogenicity and antigenicity; factors dependent of antigen that influence immunogenicity;
epitope, paratope, carrier;
3. Immunogenicity and antigenicity; factors dependent of the immune system of the host and of
the administration conditions; adjuvant;
4. Epitopes, haptens, carriers, adjuvants; cross reactivity; practical applications;
5. Epitopes recognized by B lymphocytes versus epitopes recognized by T lymphocytes;
6. Mast cells; basophils; eosinophils;
7. Anatomical and physiological barriers against infections;
8. Macropinocytosis; endocytosis; phagocytosis;
9. Oxygen dependent mechanisms of intracellular killing
10. Neutrophils; Macrophages; Eosinophils; Mast cells;
11. NK cells
12. Innate immune system strategies of recognizing non-self;
13. Antibodies: general structure; primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary structure;
14. Variable domains of the immunoglobulins;
15. Constant domains of the immunoglobulins;
16. Immunoglobulin classes and their biologic activities;
17. Precipitation reaction;
18. Monoclonal antibodies; production and clinical use;
19. Precipitation reaction; agglutination reaction; ELISA;
20. ABO and Rh; agglutination reaction;
21. Genetic mechanisms which lead to light chain formation;
22. Genetic mechanisms which lead to heavy chain formation;
23. Factors that contribute to immunoglobulin diversity generation;
24. Class (isotype switch); Affinity maturation;
25. MHC class I: structure, cellular distribution and function;
26. MHC class II: structure, cellular distribution and function;
27. Genic map of MHC; linkage disequlibrium; polymorphism of MHC I and MHC II;
28. Endogenous antigens; cytosolic pathway; MHC I – peptide interaction;
29. Exogenous antigens; endocytic pathway; MHC II – peptide interaction;
30. APCs
31. TCR complex
32. Organization and TCR gene rearrangement
33. TCR diversity generation;
34. Co receptor molecules of B and T lymphocytes;
35. Primary lymphoid organs;
36. Secondary lymphoid organs;
37. Maturation of T lymphocytes in thymus and selection processes;
38. Intracellular signaling pathway induced by TCR binding;
39. Costimulatory signals and clonal expansion versus anergy; Differences between different types
of APCs;
40. T cell activation by superantigens;
41. T cell differentiation;
42. T γδ distribution and function; B1 lymphocytes (CD5+ cells);
43. Maturation of B lymphocytes in the bone marrow and selection processes;
44. B cell activation by T dependent antigens;
45. B cell activation by T independent antigens;
46. Intracellular signaling pathway induced by BCR;
47. Somatic hypermutation and affinity maturation in germinal centers;
48. Isotype switch ; plasma cell and memory cell generation in germinal centers;
49. Immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry principles;
50. Cytokines: structure, general properties and functions;
51. Receptors for cytokines: structure, families, signal transduction mediated by cytokine receptors;
52. Cytokine antagonists; cross regulation of cytokines;
53. Cytokine secretion by Th1/Th2
54. Diseases related to cytokines; therapies based on cytokines;
55. Classical pathway of complement activation;
56. Alternative pathway of complement activation;
57. Lectin pathway of complement activation;
58. Complement system regulation;
59. Biological consequences of complement activation;
60. Receptors for complement;
61. Effector cells in cell mediated immune responses (macrophages, Tc, Th, NK cells)
62. Differences between CTLs and CTL precursors;
63. Target cell lysis mechanisms;
64. NK cells: importance, receptor categories;
65. Hypersensibility type I;
66. Hypersensibility type II;
67. Hypersensibility type III;
68. Hypersensibility type IV;
69. Acute local and systemic inflammation; chronic inflammation;
70. Inflammation mediators;
71. Lymphocyte traffic;
72. Flow cytometry.