Angelyn A.

Magtrayo THE RISE, REBIRTH AND FAL OF BABYLON

ANCIENT LITERATURE - in 2000 B.C. the Babylonians came and overpowered the
Sumerians
INTRODUCTION - their ruler was Hammurabi, and he is famous for the "Code
TO WORLD LITERATURE of Hammurabi" which has the famous lines,
- Mesopotamian Literature "an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth"
- Egyptian Literature - Babylonians overthrew the Assyrians and had a new leader
- Hebrew Litearture named Nebuchadnezzer, who is famous for the "Hnaging
Garden"
- The Sumerians were the first to settle in the Mesopotamia - Babylon fall to Cyrus, the great of Persia in 539 B.C. but
- Sumerians lived in the city -- states built aroundZiggurats Babylon remains the center of trade and culture.
- They created beautiful stones and metal structures, the
Twelveth month calendar and the first writing system: EGYPTIAN LITERATURE
cuneiform
ANCIENT EGYPT IS ONE OF THE MOST POWERFUL
POLITICS CIVILIZATIONS THE WORLD HAS EVER KNOWN
Power of the Priest - Egypt was called the "Gift of the Nile"
- Sumerians earliest governments were controlled by temple - the Nile river provided water and fertile soil for growing
priests crops
- Farmers believed they needed blessings for the success of - Papyrus is what made Egypt a stable civilization
their crops - Papyrus is an early form of paper, also created by Nile
- Priests were the middle man of the gods river
- Priests demanded portion of farmer crops as tax - Egyptians was prosperous for more than twenty-seven
- later followed heredetary rulers when the powers is passed centuries. The great into three eras:
down to family members KINGDOMS
ECONOMY OLD KINGDOM 2700-2200
- Metal tools and weapons (bronze,iron) - expanding economy
- increasing agricultural surplus(better tools, plows, irrigation) - political power
- increasing trades along rivers (traded with Egypt) MIDDLE KINGDOM 2000-1800
Development of the worlds' first city Specialization of labor - the pinnacle of polical power
RELIGION - known of lyric love poems
- Polytheistic: belief in many gods (around 3000) NEW KINGDOM 1600-1100
- gods can be angered at any moment and to keep them - Famous Pyramids
happy,Sumerians; - lightest form of sophistication
- build impressive Ziggurats or temples to sacrifice foods,
wine and animals - Pharoah (single, powerful ruler
- souls of the dead wandered in the land of no return - priests and scribes
SOCIETY - Merchants and professionals
- Kings and Priests - workers, peasants and slaves (largest class)
- wealthy merchants
- ordinary Sumerian peopls EGYPTIAN LITERATURE
- slaves - Egyptians also had a from of writing called heiroglyphs.
WOMEN Heiroglyphs is a script in which pictures represent ideas
- could hold property - everything that Egyptians did was based on religous beliefs
- join lower ranks of priesthood and they constantly thought of the afterlife
- there were few women scribes (scholar thinks that girls - Egyptians even wrote book that was called "Book of the
were not allowed to attend schools) Dead" a guide to the afterlife
- Egyptians also began a love for poetry,specailly pastoral
LITERATURE poetry -- displays everyday life in pleasant forms
Epic of Gilgamesh
- one of the earliest work of literature in world - Heiroglyphs are written in rows or columns and can be read
- myths and legends are recorded in this long poem - from left to right and from right to left

HEBREW LITERATURE
THE HEBREW PEOPLE WERE WANDERERS WHO CREATED
RICH CULTURE ON THEIR RELIGOUS BELIEFS
- The Hebrews were monotheists -- worshippingone god
Yahweh
- their beliefs were recorded in the Hebrew bible
(oldtestament)
- The Hebrew bible is considered the GREAT MONUMENT left
by the ancient Hebrews
- the Jews always saw God as their source of unity. They
believed that God provided a special agreement (covenant)
with them
- the terms of the covenant were God would
always protect them. Even when they lost their
homeland, they found a sense of belongingness
in their relationship with Yahweh

The Early Hebrew patriarchs

- abraham was the founding father and his wifes name was
sarah
- hebrews lived in canaan for, four generations Son isaac and
his grandson jacob
- jacob’s nname was changed to israel and his people became
the israelites
Hebrew LIterature
“hebrew Family Drama “
- jacobs9abraham’s grandson0 son Joseph was sold into
slavery by his brothers
- Joseph won favor with the pharoah and saved his faamily
from starvation
- the israelites were ensalved hy pharoah and then later set
free by moses. The israelites wre so large they created tribes
- moses heard from yaweh and created the ten
commandments which is the code of moral conduct
- moses died in the desert and his followwer joshua led
israelites to canaan
The promise land,Peacee and stability
- the israelites arrived to see that canaan had people living
there: they struggled to find out who they were
- the first king was saul,under his rule the israelites became a
powerful group in canaan
- after saul was david and the esraelites were very succesful
and peaceful
- david captured the jebusites and made jerusalem the capital
city
- davids son solomon built the temple of jerusalem an
important symbol of spiritual unity
Conflict,Division,Exile
- once solomon died there was confusion in the twelve tribes.
The tribes divided into two kindoms but still thought of
themselves as one spiritual body
- the assyrians came and conqueered israel; the tribes
dispered and are now referred to as the “ten lost tribes”
- king nebuchaadnezzar conquerred judah,destroyed the
temple of jerusalem and took the hebrews into slavery.
Creating the most bitter periods in hebrew history:” baby
lonian exile”
- cyrus the great came and freed the salves,they returned to
jerusalem and rebuilt everything that was destroyred.their
belief and stayed strong