Understanding Data

Visualization Techniques
Histogram, Flowchart, and Scatter Diagram

REEMA FATHIMA PT
ROll No. 31
 Introduction

This seminar will delve into three fundamental data

visualization techniques that have proven to be invaluable in
the world of data analysis: histograms, flow charts, and scatter
diagrams. Each of these techniques offers a unique perspective
on data representation and can be applied in a wide range of
applications, from scientific research to business analytics.
Histogram

Histogram is a graph that represents the frequency (count) of

items falling into different categories of a given population or
sample.
It looks similar to a bar graph.
It has vertical bars with different heights (Height of the bar
signifying the frequency of that group).
Each group has a corresponding bar representing in the graph.
Histogram
Characteristics

Histogram is used to represent

categorization of Continuous data
There is no gap between the bars unlike
Bar graph, to signify that the data is
continuous
The width of the groups is equal.
 Number of Product Defects

Example 60

Figure shows a histogram of differnt type of

40

deffective products in a production unit.

It has vertical bars with different heights (Height

of the bar signifying the frequency of that group 20

The histogram is useful for identifying common

issues during the process and we can filter the

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problems.

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Flowchart
Definition: A pictorial representation of a process, showing

logical steps and relationships.

Flowchart is Used for process analysis, problem identification,

and workflow representation.

Benefits: Identify bottlenecks and process improvements.

Flowcharts are also used to show changes In a process when

improvements are made or to show a new work flow process.

Flowchart
Flowchart Elements

Elements that may be included in a

flowchart are a sequence of actions,
materials or services entering or leaving
the process (inputs and outputs),
decisions that must be made, people who
become involved, time involved at each
step, and/or process measurements.
Example
Produce Good No
Start
Provide Service

Can we Assign
Take Sample
Causes ?

Yes
Inspect Sample
Stop Process

Create
Find out Why
Control Chart
Flowchart
Uses

Understanding Processes
Documentation
Problem Identification
Quality Control: In quality management,
flowcharts help ensure consistent and
standardized processes.
Project Planning
Scatter Diagram

Scatter Diagram is a tool to determine relationships or

correlations between variables.

Purpose: Display the effect of one variable when another

variable changes.
Scatter Diagram
Types of Relationships
Positive Correlation: If Independent variable increases,
then dependent variable also increases.
Negative Correlation: As the independent variable
increases, the dependent variable decreases.
No Correlation: When data points are scattered randomly
without forming a clear pattern, it suggests no correlation
between the variables.
Scatter Diagram
Uses

Hypothesis Testing
Data Analysis
Problem Identification
Quality Control
Forecasting: By analyzing scatter
diagrams, we can make predictions
about future outcomes based on the
relationships observed between
variables.
Conclusion

1. Histograms: help us understand the distribution of data, making it easier to

identify patterns and anomalies. They are invaluable for making data-driven
decisions.
2. Flowcharts: serve as visual aids for understanding processes, improving
efficiency, and ensuring consistency in workflows. They're indispensable for
process analysis and improvement.
3. Scatter diagrams: allow us to examine relationships between variables, helping us
uncover correlations and trends. They aid in making informed predictions and
decisions.
Thank You