Traffic Shaping - Knowledge Base

Traffic Shaping - Knowledge Base https://sites.google.
com/site/amitsciscozone/home/qos/traffic-shaping
Knowledge
Base
Home
Traffic Shaping
Wiki
ARP
BGP
Traffic Shaping involves in queueing traffic rather than
dropping it.
CEF
Data Center
Traffic Shaping terminology-
GPON
GRE Tc - Time interval (in milliseconds) over which the

ICMP committed burst (Bc) can be sent. Tc = Bc/CIR
IP Multicasting
Bc - Committed burst size (in bits). This is the amount of
IPv6
traffic that can be sent over an interval Tc
IS-IS
Juniper-JUNOS CIR - Committed Information Rate (in bits per second). The
L2VPN rate defined in the traffic contract
LAN
Shaped Rate - The rate at which a particular traffic is
Link Aggregation
shaped. It could be same as CIR or higher than CIR.
LTE Notes
MPLS Be - Excess burst size (in bits). This is the number of bits
NAT that can be sent beyond Bc
OAM
OSPF
PBB
PPP
QoS
Security
Traffic Engineering
VPLS
VPN
1 of 7 9/29/2012 7:08 PM
Traffic Shaping - Knowledge Base https://sites.google.com/site/amitsciscozone/home/qos/traffic-shaping
Attachments A Cisco router divides 1 second into multiple sub-seconds.

Above, 1 second is divided into 8 intervals (125ms each). Each
interval is called Tc. During each Tc, the router sends a burst
of traffic which is called Bc.
For example, to achieve a CIR (contract rate) of 128Kbps, the

Cisco router will send 16000 bits (Bc = 128000 * 0.125)
during the first interval and stop sending any further traffic
until the next interval. So, if the access link speed is
1.544Mbps, it will take the Cisco router 10.3ms to send 16000
bits. For the rest of the interval, it will not send any traffic.
Traffic Shaping with no Excess Burst:
Traffic shaping involves the concept of Token Bucket. In the

token bucket scenario, each token lets you send 1 bit. The size
of the token bucket is Bc. There are two actions that revolve
around token bucket and the tokens-
1. Re-filling of bucket with new tokens

2. Consumption of tokens by the Shaper to earn the right
to send packets
At the beginning of each Tc interval, the token bucket is filled

with tokens, but no more than Bc. If there is not enough room
in the bucket as the tokens were not used up in the previous
interval, some tokens spill out. Those spilled tokens cant be
used.
Every time a packet is sent, the Shaper spends tokens from

the bucket to buy the right to forward the packet. When the
Shaper tries to send the packet, and there are not enough
tokens in the bucket, the Shaper must wait until the next
interval when the bucket is refilled.
In Cisco IOS, traffic shaping with no excess burst can be

configured using shape average <shaping-rate> command
from policy-map configuration mode. The "shaping-rate" could
be same as CIR or slightly higher than CIR but less than
access-link rate.
The following example shows the configuration of average

traffic shaping. Traffic shaping is applied to outgoing TCP traffic
generated via Iperf.
2 of 7 9/29/2012 7:08 PM
Traffic shaping with no excess burst

class-map P5001
match access-group 101
!
policy-map SHAPE
class 5001
shape average percent 50
!
interface fastethernet 0/1
bandwidth 1000
service-policy output SHAPE
!
Cisco recommends only the shaping rate should be specified

and the inbuilt algorithm will calculate appropriate Bc. Cisco
IOS chooses Tc=24ms here. The Bc is calculated as 12000 bits.
The Increment value indicates the number of tokens
replenished every Tc interval. Also note, the Shaping Active
suggests no shaping. The reason being if there is no traffic
flowing through the interface, shaping will not be in effect. The
Byte Limit indicates the size of the token bucket.
output
Router# show policy-map interface fastethernet 0/1
FastEthernet0/1
Service-policy output: SHAPE
Class-map: P5001 (match-all)

5368 packets, 7598188 bytes
5 minute offered rate 99000 bps, drop rate 0 bps
Match: access-group 101
Traffic Shaping
Target/Average Byte Sustain Excess
Interval Increment
Rate Limit bits/int bits/int
(ms) (bytes)
50 (%) 0 (ms) 0 (ms)
500000/500000 3000 12000 12000
24 1500
Adapt Queue Packets Bytes Packets

Bytes Shaping
3 of 7 9/29/2012 7:08 PM
Active Depth Delayed

Delayed Active
- 0 5367 7597242 5343
7587026 no
Class-map: class-default (match-any)

Match: any
When Iperf was initiated to generate TCP traffic with 4

different flows, the maximum throughput it could achieve was
481kbps (~500kbps). This is almost equal to the shaping rate
500kbps.
Iperf output
C:\>iperf -c 192.168.2.10 -p 5001 -P 4 -t 60
------------------------------------------------------------
Client connecting to 192.168.2.10, TCP port 5001
TCP window size: 8.00 KByte (default)
------------------------------------------------------------
[1912] local 192.168.1.10 port 1053 connected with
192.168.2.10 port 5001
192.168.2.10 port 5001
192.168.2.10 port 5001
192.168.2.10 port 5001
[ ID] Interval Transfer Bandwidth
[1864] 0.0-60.5 sec 888 KBytes 120 Kbits/sec
[SUM] 0.0-61.2 sec 3.51 MBytes 481 Kbits/sec
Traffic Shaping with Excess Burst:
Traffic shaping implements Be by making the token bucket

bigger; of the size of (Bc + Be). There are now Bc+Be worth of
tokens in the bucket. Still, at the start of each interval Tc, the
Shaper fills the bucket with Bc amount of tokens. However, if
due to inactivity during some interval (like in figure 1 above),
4 of 7 9/29/2012 7:08 PM
the bucket can accommodate those Bc worth of tokens since its

size has been increased. Now, in the next Tc interval, if there
are more bits to send, the Shaper can use these Bc+Be tokens
to send that amount of bits. In essence, exceed the shaping
rate as long as there are extra tokens left in the bucket.
The diagram below shows that since there was no activity

during fifth Tc interval, the Shaper used up those extra tokens
and sent Bc+Be worth of bits in the sixth interval.
Shaping at Peak rate:
With shape peak, CB shaping allows Bc+Be bits to be sent

every interval even if there has been no period of inactivity.
The Shaper replenishes Bc+Be tokens into the bucket.
In Cisco IOS, peak traffic shaping can be configured using

shape peak <shaping-rate> command from policy-map
configuration mode.
The following example shows the configuration of peak traffic

shaping. Traffic shaping is applied to outgoing TCP traffic
generated via Iperf.
peak traffic shaping

class-map P5001
match access-group 101
!
policy-map SHAPE
class 5001
shape peak percent 50
!
interface fastethernet 0/1
5 of 7 9/29/2012 7:08 PM
bandwidth 1000
service-policy output SHAPE
!
Again, the Cisco IOS calculates the appropriate Bc and Be

values. It uses Tc=24ms.
Router output
Router# show policy-map interface fastethernet 0/1
FastEthernet0/1
Service-policy output: SHAPE
Class-map: P5001 (match-all)

Match: access-group 101
Traffic Shaping
Target/Average Byte Sustain Excess
Interval Increment
Rate Limit bits/int bits/int
(ms) (bytes)
50 (%) 0 (ms) 0 (ms)
1000000/500000 3000 12000 12000
24 3000
Adapt Queue Packets Bytes Packets

Bytes Shaping
Active Depth Delayed
Delayed Active
- 0 5334 7554468 5317
7550502 no
Class-map: class-default (match-any)

Match: any
The Iperf output shows that the maximum throughput

achieved this time is almost double than average shaping rate.
Iperf output
C:\>iperf -c 192.168.2.10 -p 5001 -P 4 -t 60
6 of 7 9/29/2012 7:08 PM
------------------------------------------------------------
Client connecting to 192.168.2.10, TCP port 5001
TCP window size: 8.00 KByte (default)
------------------------------------------------------------
192.168.2.10 port 5001
192.168.2.10 port 5001
192.168.2.10 port 5001
192.168.2.10 port 5001
[ ID] Interval Transfer Bandwidth
[1864] 0.0-60.4 sec 1.73 MBytes 240 Kbits/sec
[SUM] 0.0-60.5 sec 6.93 MBytes 960 Kbits/sec
Sign in | Report Abuse | Print Page | Remove Access | Powered By Google Sites
7 of 7 9/29/2012 7:08 PM

Traffic Shaping - Knowledge Base

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Traffic Shaping - Knowledge Base

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Traffic Shaping - Knowledge Base https://sites.google.

GRE Tc - Time interval (in milliseconds) over which the

Attachments A Cisco router divides 1 second into multiple sub-seconds.

For example, to achieve a CIR (contract rate) of 128Kbps, the

Traffic Shaping with no Excess Burst:

Traffic shaping involves the concept of Token Bucket. In the

1. Re-filling of bucket with new tokens

At the beginning of each Tc interval, the token bucket is filled

Every time a packet is sent, the Shaper spends tokens from

In Cisco IOS, traffic shaping with no excess burst can be

The following example shows the configuration of average

Traffic shaping with no excess burst

Cisco recommends only the shaping rate should be specified

Service-policy output: SHAPE

Class-map: P5001 (match-all)

Adapt Queue Packets Bytes Packets

Active Depth Delayed

Class-map: class-default (match-any)

When Iperf was initiated to generate TCP traffic with 4

Traffic Shaping with Excess Burst:

Traffic shaping implements Be by making the token bucket

the bucket can accommodate those Bc worth of tokens since its

The diagram below shows that since there was no activity

Shaping at Peak rate:

With shape peak, CB shaping allows Bc+Be bits to be sent

In Cisco IOS, peak traffic shaping can be configured using

The following example shows the configuration of peak traffic

peak traffic shaping

Again, the Cisco IOS calculates the appropriate Bc and Be

Service-policy output: SHAPE

Class-map: P5001 (match-all)

Adapt Queue Packets Bytes Packets

Class-map: class-default (match-any)

The Iperf output shows that the maximum throughput

You might also like